Curriculum - Knowledge (XXG)

895:(OCW). Primary and secondary education use key objectives to create curricula. For primary education the total number of objectives has been reduced from 122 in 1993 to 58 in 2006. Starting in 2009 and 2010 all key objectives are obligatory for primary education. The key objectives are oriented towards subject areas such as language, mathematics, orientation towards self and the world, art, and physical education. All of the objectives have accompanying concrete activities. Also final exams are determined by the OCW and required. Parts of those exams are taken in a national setting, created by the Centrale Examencommissie Vaststelling Opgaven (CEVO). Furthermore, the OCW will determine the number of hours to be spent per subject. Apart from these directives every school can determine its own curriculum. 362:) constitutes the "achieved" or "learned" curriculum. In addition, curriculum theory points to a "hidden" curriculum (i.e. the unintended development of personal values and beliefs of learners, teachers, and communities; the unexpected impact of a curriculum; or the unforeseen aspects of a learning process). Those who develop the intended curriculum should have all these different dimensions of the curriculum in view. While the "written" curriculum does not exhaust the meaning of curriculum, it is important because it represents the vision of the society. The "written" curriculum is usually expressed in comprehensive and user-friendly documents, such as curriculum frameworks or subject curricula/syllabi, and in relevant and helpful learning materials, such as 578:. Within these settings curriculum is an even broader topic, including various teachers, inanimate objects such as audio-tour devices, and even the learners themselves. As with the traditional idea of curriculum, curriculum in a free-choice learning-environment can consist of the explicit stated curriculum and the hidden curriculum; both of which contribute to the learner's experience and lessons from the experience. These elements are further compounded by the setting, cultural influences, and the state of mind of the learner. Museums and other similar settings are most commonly leveraged within traditional classroom settings as enhancements to the curriculum when educators develop curricula that encompass visits to museums, zoos, and aquariums. 606:

by schools for their pupils are quite clearly in the consciousness of teachers and planners, again especially when the planners are politicians, and are equally clearly accepted by them as part of what pupils should learn in school, even if they are not overtly recognized by the pupils themselves. In other words, those who design curricula deliberately plan the schools' "expressive culture". If this is the case, then, the curriculum is 'hidden' only to or from the pupils, and the values to be learned clearly from a part of what is planned for pupils. They must, therefore, be accepted as fully a part of the curriculum, and especially as an important focus because questions must be asked concerning the legitimacy of such practices.

286:. Community-based programs and activities may take place at a school after hours but are not linked directly to the school. Community-based programs frequently expand on the curriculum that was introduced in the classroom. For instance, students may be introduced to environmental conservation in the classroom. This knowledge is further developed through a community-based program. Participants then act on what they know with a conservation project. Community-based extracurricular activities may include "environmental clubs, 4-H, boy/girl scouts, and religious groups" (Hancock, Dyk, & Jones, 2012). 160:) is the totality of student experiences that occur in an educational process. The term often refers specifically to a planned sequence of instruction, or to a view of the student's experiences in terms of the educator's or school's instructional goals. A curriculum may incorporate the planned interaction of pupils with instructional content, materials, resources, and processes for evaluating the attainment of educational objectives. Curricula are split into several categories: the explicit, the implicit (including the hidden), the excluded, and the extracurricular. 1083:

experience. In general, more advanced courses in any subject require some foundation in basic courses, but some coursework requires study in other departments, as in the sequence of math classes required for a physics major, or the language requirements for students preparing in literature, music, or scientific research. A more detailed curriculum design must deal with prerequisites within a course for each topic taken up. This in turn leads to the problems of course organization and scheduling once the dependencies between topics are known.

1051:(CCSSI) promulgates a core set of standards which are specific information and skills a student needs to know at each grade level in order to graduate. States may adopt these standards in part or whole and expand upon them. Schools and states (depending on how much control a state gives to its local schools) then develop their curriculum to meet each of these standards. This coordination is intended to make it possible to use more of the same textbooks across states, and to move toward a more uniform minimum level of education attainment. 1100: 1064: 1236: 817:(MEXT). When deciding on the curriculum for each school, the school's organizers will decide on the outline by referring to the manuals and explanations prepared by the Education, Science and Technology Ministry and other public offices, and the schools will decide on additional annual plans. The Courses of Education and Courses of Study are fully revised every 10 years. Before World War II, the curriculum was based on the school regulations corresponding to each school type. 194: 513:(1859–1952), who disagreed with Bobbitt on important matters. Although Bobbitt's and Dewey's idealistic understanding of "curriculum" is different from current, restricted uses of the word, writers of curricula and researchers generally share it as common, substantive understanding of curriculum. Development does not mean just getting something out of the mind. It is a development of experience and into experience that is really wanted. 2217: 5278: 4291: 4301: 3513: 831: 631: 49: 1176:, argued that reducing the core curriculum had become both a financial and educational imperative, as the university was struggling to attract a commensurate volume of applicants to its undergraduate division compared to peer schools as a result of what was perceived by the pro-change camp as a reaction by "the average eighteen-year-old" to the expanse of the collegiate core. 551:

field is concerned with broad, historical, philosophical social issues and academics. Mark Smith suggests a starting definition of "curriculum" offered by John Kerr and taken up by Vic Kelly in his standard work on the curriculum: "All the learning which is planned and guided by the school, whether it is carried on in groups or individually, inside or outside the school".

5288: 1258:, implemented after a student-led reform movement in 1969, which allows students to take courses without concern for any requirements except those in their chosen concentrations (majors), plus two writing courses. In this vein, it is possible for students to graduate without taking college-level science or math courses, or to take only science or math courses. 547:, discipline may include humanities, sciences, languages, and many more. Curricula should consist entirely of knowledge which comes from various disciplines. Dewey proposed that learning the lesson should be more interesting and beneficial than receiving a scolding, being ridiculed, or being required to stay after school, among other punishments. 5266: 598:

Curriculum as a process is when a teacher enters a particular schooling and situation with the ability to think critically, an understanding of their role and the expectations others have of them, and a proposal for action which sets out essential principles and features of the educational encounter.

594:

Caswell and Campbell viewed curricula as "all experiences children have under the guidance of teachers." This definition is shared by Smith, Stanley, and Shores when they defined curriculum as "a sequence of potential experiences set up in schools for the purpose of disciplining children and youth in

369:

In some cases, people see the curriculum entirely in terms of the subjects that are taught, and as set out within the set of textbooks, and forget the wider goals of competencies and personal development. This is why a curriculum framework is important. It sets the subjects within this wider context,

1082:

An essential feature of curriculum design, seen in every college catalog and at every other level of schooling, is the identification of prerequisites for each course. These prerequisites can be satisfied by taking particular courses, and in some cases by examination, or by other means, such as work

1074:

Many educational institutions are currently trying to balance two opposing forces. On the one hand, some believe students should have a common knowledge foundation, often in the form of a core curriculum whereas others want students to be able to pursue their own educational interests, often through

978:

Every state school must offer a curriculum which is balanced and broadly based and which promotes the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils at the school and of society, and prepares pupils at the school for the opportunities, responsibilities and experiences of later

586:

On the other hand, to a progressivist, a listing of school subjects, syllabi, courses of study, and lists of courses of specific discipline do not make a curriculum. These can only be called curriculum if the written materials are actualized by the learner. Broadly speaking, curriculum is defined as

1054:

According to the CCSSI, "ecisions on how to implement the standards, including the right supports to put in place, are made at the state and local levels. As such, states and localities are taking different approaches to implementing the standards and providing their teachers with the supports they

605:

Any definition of curriculum, if it is to be practically effective and productive, must offer much more than a statement about knowledge-content or merely the subjects which schooling is to teach, transmit, or deliver. Some would argue of the course that the values implicit in the arrangements made

264:

Hidden curriculum: things which students learn, 'because of the way in which the work of the school is planned and organized but which are not in themselves overtly included in the planning or even in the consciousness of those responsible for the school arrangements (Kelly, 2009). The term itself

983:

is required to set out a Programme of Study which outlines the content and matters which must be taught in those subjects at relevant Key Stages. Teachers should set high expectations for every pupil. They should plan stretching work for pupils whose attainment is significantly above the expected

338:

A curriculum may also refer to a defined and prescribed course of studies, which students must fulfill in order to pass a certain level of education. For example, an elementary school might discuss how its curricula is designed to improve national testing scores or help students learn fundamental

269:

and is not always meant to be a negative. Hidden curriculum, if its potential is realized, could benefit students and learners in all educational systems. Also, it does not just include the physical environment of the school, but the relationships formed or not formed between students and other

237:

also referred to its "course" of study as a "curriculum", producing the first known use of the term in English in 1633. By the nineteenth century, European universities routinely referred to their curriculum to describe both the complete course of study (as for a degree in surgery) and particular

550:

Thus, a curriculum can be viewed as a field of study. It is made up of its foundations (philosophical, historical, psychological, and social foundations), domains of knowledge, as well as its research theories and principles. Curricula as an area of study should be scholarly and theoretical. The

448:

they should be to succeed later in life. Furthermore, the curriculum encompasses the entire scope of formative deed and experience occurring in and out of school - such as experiences that are unplanned and undirected or those that are intentionally directed for the purposeful formation of adult

385:

may have a "curriculum" of what topics or exhibits it wishes to cover. Many after-school programs in the US have tried to apply the concept; this typically has more success when not rigidly clinging to the definition of curriculum as a product or as a body of knowledge to be transferred. Rather,

723:

or school system. However, even when core requirements exist, they do not necessarily involve a requirement for students to engage in one particular class or activity. For example, a school might mandate a music appreciation class, but students may opt out if they take a performing arts class.

357:

envisage as important teaching and learning constitutes the "intended" curriculum. Since it is usually presented in official documents, it may be also called the "written" or "official" curriculum. However, at a classroom level this intended curriculum may be altered through a range of complex

296:

Smith (1996, 2000) says that, " syllabus will not generally indicate the relative importance of its topics or the order in which they are to be studied. Where people still equate curriculum with a syllabus they are likely to limit their planning to a consideration of the content or the body of

1855:

Scribal identity was explicitly connected to the curriculum and specifically Sumerian in a number of literary works . The scribal curriculum was all about learning Sumerian. Through copying lists of Sumerian lexemes and especially in the reproduction of Sumerian literature, the curriculum

706:

strategy. These outcomes and assessments are grouped as units (or modules), and, therefore, the curriculum comprises a collection of such units, each, in turn, comprising a specialized, specific part of the curriculum. So, a typical curriculum includes communications, numeracy, information

277:

It may also come in the form of extracurricular activities. This may include school-sponsored programs, which are intended to supplement the academic aspect of the school experience or community-based programs and activities. Examples of school-sponsored extracurricular programs include

209:

meaning "to run/to proceed"). The word is "from a Modern Latin transferred use of classical Latin curriculum "a running, course, career" (also "a fast chariot, racing car"), from currere "to run" (from PIE root *kers- "to run")." The first known use in an educational context is in the

1179:

As core curricula began to diminish over the course of the twentieth century at many American schools, some smaller institutions became famous for embracing a core curriculum that covers nearly the student's entire undergraduate education, often utilizing classic texts of the

1284:

is another school that has not and does not require any set distribution of courses. However, Wesleyan does make clear "General Education Expectations" such that if a student does not meet these expectations, he/she would not be eligible for academic honors upon graduation.

292:

Braslavsky states that curriculum is an agreement among communities, educational professionals, and the State on what learners should take on during specific periods of their lives. Furthermore, the curriculum defines "why, what, when, where, how, and with whom to learn."

493:

Contemporary views of curriculum reject these features of Bobbitt's postulates, but retain the basis of curriculum as the course of experience(s) that form humans into persons. Personal formation via curricula is studied both at the personal and group levels, i.e.

1311:

of boys and girls. The general belief is that boys are better at physical activities than girls, and that girls are better at 'home' activities such as sewing and cooking. This is the case in many cultures around the world and is not specific to one culture only.

2112: 535:, believes that the mission of the school should be intellectual training. Hence, curriculum should focus on the fundamental intellectual disciplines of grammar, literature, and writing. It should also include mathematics, science, history, and foreign language. 744:

process that began in 2010. Previously, each state's Education Department had traditionally established curricula. The Australian Curriculum consists of one curriculum covering eight subject areas through year 10, and another covering fifteen subjects for the

996:, the Curriculum for Excellence (CfE) was introduced in August 2010 in all schools. The national qualifications were introduced in 2013 by the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA). The national qualifications include the Life Skills Coursework (SFL), 343:. An individual teacher might also refer to his or her curriculum, meaning all the subjects that will be taught during a school year. The courses are arranged in a sequence to make learning a subject easier. In schools, a curriculum spans several grades. 412:

In the early years of the 20th century, the traditional concept held of the curriculum was "that it is a body of subjects or subject matter prepared by the teachers for the students to learn". It was synonymous to the "course of study" and "syllabus".

778: 718:

levels, by school boards, Departments of Education, or other administrative agencies charged with overseeing education. A core curriculum is a curriculum, or course of study, which is deemed central and usually made mandatory for all students of a

805:. The version currently in place is the 7th National Curriculum, which has been revised in 2007 and 2009. The curriculum provides a framework for a common set of subjects through 9th grade, and elective subjects in grades 10 through 12. 350:. They might also refer to it in exactly the same way as an elementary school and use it to mean both individual courses needed to pass as well as the overall offering of courses, which help prepare a student for life after high school. 599:

Guided by these, they encourage conversations between, and with, people in the situation out of which may come a course of thinking and action. Plus, the teacher continually evaluates the process and what they can see of outcomes.

1222:

Some colleges opt for the middle ground of the continuum between specified and unspecified curricula by using a system of distribution requirements. In such a system, students are required to take courses in particular

542:

is the sole source of curriculum. In our education system, curriculum is divided into chunks of knowledge called subject areas in basic education including English, mathematics, science, and social studies. In

1302:

in curricula is how men and women are not treated equally in several types of curricula. More precisely, gender inequality is visible in the curriculum of both schools and Teacher Education Institutes (TEIs).

903:

In 2005, the Nigerian government adopted a national Basic Education Curriculum for grades 1 through 9. The policy was an outgrowth of the Universal Basic Education program announced in 1999, to provide free,

1153:, and are designed to foster critical skills in a broad range of academic disciplines, including the social sciences, humanities, physical and biological sciences, mathematics, writing and foreign languages. 358:

classroom interactions, and what is actually delivered can be considered the "implemented" curriculum. What learners really learn (i.e. what can be assessed and can be demonstrated as learning outcomes or

789:

Iran has recently changed back to 6 year instead of 5 Elementary schools and two three year junior and second middle/high schools. There is Islamic seminary Hawza are also with 10-14 year programming.

814: 1070:

student examines the university's main class schedule board on the first day of classes to find what classes he – and all students in his specialization (sub-major) – will attend this semester.

591:'s definition of experience and education. He believed that reflective thinking is a means that unifies curricular elements. Thought is not derived from action but tested by application. 1172:, and other major news outlets picked up this story, the university became the focal point of a national debate on education. A set of university administrators, notably then-President 908:, continuous public education for these years. In 2014, the government implemented a revised version of the national curriculum, reducing the number of subjects covered from 20 to 10. 892: 1160:

announced plans to reduce and modify the content of its core curriculum, including lowering the number of required courses from 21 to 15 and offering a wider range of content. When

261:

Implicit curriculum: lessons that arise from the culture of the school and the behaviors, attitudes, and expectations that characterize that culture, the unintended curriculum.

523:, regarded curriculum as "permanent studies" where the rules of grammar, rhetoric, logic, and mathematics for basic education are emphasized. Basic education should emphasize 258:

Explicit curriculum: subjects that will be taught, the identified "mission" of the school, and the knowledge and skills that the school expects successful students to acquire.

409:

came to emphasise Greek as well as Latin skills, with emphasis on the study of classical poetry. This model influenced the curricula of medieval and Renaissance education.

1963:

To learn the lesson is more interesting than to take a scolding, be held up to general ridicule, stay after school, receive degradingly low marks, or fail to be promoted.

289:

Kerr defines curriculum as "all the learning which is planned and guided by the school, whether it is carried on in groups or individually, inside or outside of school."

3616: 2426: 4961: 1414: 2133: 4929: 4804: 2053: 948: 934: 1036:, establishes the curricula taught. Each state, however, builds its curriculum with great participation of national academic subject groups selected by the 1041: 3761: 1067: 2312: 1189: 702:

Crucial to the curriculum is the definition of the course objectives that usually are expressed as learning outcomes and normally include the program's

613:

is promoted as allowing students to revisit a subject matter's content at the different levels of development of the subject matter being studied. The

5107: 4924: 3601: 1820:

Hancock, D., Dyk, P. H., & Jones, K. (2012). Adolescent Involvement in Extracurricular Activities. Journal of Leadership Education, 11(1), 84–101.

602:

Marsh and Willis view curricula as all the "experiences in the classroom which are planned and enacted by teacher, and also learned by the students."

2005:

Bilbao, Purita P., Lucido, Paz I., Iringan, Tomasa C., and Javier, Rodrigo B. (2008). Curriculum Development. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.

4854: 4205: 238:

courses and their content. By 1824, the word was defined as "a course, especially a fixed course of study at a college, university, or school."

163:

Curricula may be tightly standardized or may include a high level of instructor or learner autonomy. Many countries have national curricula in

5239: 3621: 1987:

Falk, J.H. & Dierking, L.D. (2000). Learning from museums: Visitor experiences and the making of meaning. Walnut Creek, CA; AltaMira Press.

1212: 1048: 457: 4180: 2470: 1266:

requires students to take a First-Year Tutorial in their first semester, and has no other class or distribution requirements. Others include

1037: 964: 4438: 2489: 405:

Whatever the origins and intentions of early curricula, the function of inculcating culture had emerged by the time of ancient Babylonia.

2286: 617:

approach proposes that children learn best via pro-active engagement with the educational environment, as in learning through discovery.

4744: 4368: 4225: 2579: 1893:

Renaissance curricula were far more influenced by Quintilian's pedagogical program than by Cicero's goals for the training of an orator.

1205: 762: 3846: 1262:

requires that students take one of a list of first-year seminars, but has no required classes or distribution requirements. Similarly,

574:

In recent years the field of education and curriculum has expanded outside the walls of the classroom and into other settings, such as

4794: 2396: 1255: 1243: 1142: 1092: 42: 5291: 4256: 2074: 5229: 5112: 4976: 1879: 1841: 1805: 1642: 1526: 1493: 1446: 878: 670: 182: 4899: 381:. However, under some circumstances it may also be applied to informal education or free-choice learning settings. For instance, a 4809: 4704: 980: 692: 4859: 4677: 4575: 4388: 2875: 2641: 944: 940: 930: 684: 614: 5072: 4266: 1126:. However, because of increasing specialization and depth in the student's major field of study, a typical core curriculum in 1075:

early specialty in a major or through the free choice of courses. This tension has received a large amount of coverage due to

4814: 4636: 4413: 4015: 3636: 2434: 2113:"THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA: Proclamation of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology: #2009-41" 1294: 856: 813:

The curriculum in Japan is determined based on the guidelines for education and the guidelines for learning presented by the

652: 4904: 2257: 2159: 1996:

Kim, M., & Dopico, E. (2014). Science education through informal education. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 1–7.

1141:

Among the best known and most expansive core curricula programs at leading American colleges and universities are those of

5082: 5039: 4996: 3919: 2339: 4651: 4603: 4500: 4495: 4220: 4125: 2782: 1392: 359: 502:

via historical experience). The formation of a group is reciprocal, with the formation of its individual participants.

5062: 3066: 2620: 2615: 1271: 952: 852: 648: 3872: 841: 5122: 373:

Curriculum is almost always defined with relation to schooling. According to some, it is the major division between

5234: 5067: 4894: 4460: 4261: 3915: 3676: 2815: 2683: 2673: 1830:

Crisostomo, Jay (14 January 2019). "Multilingual Writing Practices and Translation in Advanced Lexical Education".

335:

which merely specifies what topics must be understood and to what level to achieve a particular grade or standard.

5006: 916:

Core curriculum has typically been highly emphasized in Soviet and Russian universities and technical institutes.

860: 845: 641: 460:

arena. Per his cultural presumptions and social definitions, his curricular formulation has two notable features:

346:

On the other hand, a high school might refer to their curricula as the courses required in order to receive one's

5102: 4914: 4175: 4140: 4095: 3911: 3786: 3776: 3581: 3251: 3161: 3146: 2895: 997: 968: 960: 406: 5097: 5077: 4909: 4608: 4230: 2516: 472:

of what qualities are desirable in adult members of society, and which experiences would generate said qualities

370:

and shows how learning experiences within the subjects need to contribute to the attainment of the wider goals.

5143: 4986: 4919: 4889: 4799: 4749: 4709: 4613: 4560: 4065: 4060: 3955: 3947: 3791: 3681: 3611: 3111: 2700: 2646: 2273: 1352: 972: 386:

informal education and free-choice learning settings are more suited to the model of curriculum as practice or

251:

There is no generally agreed upon definition of curriculum. There various definitions that describe the term.

2533: 4879: 4884: 4874: 4729: 4530: 4490: 4470: 4450: 4353: 4185: 4160: 4075: 4055: 4005: 3975: 3965: 3851: 3771: 3736: 3721: 3706: 3661: 3596: 3466: 3106: 2840: 2725: 2572: 2221: 1267: 4661: 4593: 4215: 1932:

Understanding Curriculum: An Introduction to the Study of Historical and Contemporary Curriculum Discourses

1836:. Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Records (SANER) - volume 22. Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 696: 5206: 5151: 4956: 4869: 4864: 4849: 4784: 4759: 4641: 4465: 4271: 4150: 4145: 4025: 3902: 3898: 3889: 3880: 3726: 3473: 3156: 3151: 2790: 2760: 2755: 2740: 2715: 2656: 2651: 2539: 1387: 1377: 1197: 741: 703: 5196: 5186: 5171: 4971: 4834: 4769: 4739: 4714: 4646: 4545: 4540: 4515: 4373: 4165: 4120: 4100: 4090: 3990: 3876: 3826: 3801: 3651: 3646: 3626: 3591: 3576: 3141: 3121: 2960: 2865: 2835: 2735: 2710: 1157: 1146: 766: 737: 520: 421: 234: 4631: 3199: 1099: 1063: 984:

standard. Teachers should use appropriate assessment to set targets which are deliberately ambitious.

5201: 5176: 5156: 5117: 5021: 4844: 4774: 4754: 4570: 4520: 4480: 4433: 4428: 4418: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4378: 4363: 4358: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4190: 4105: 4085: 3970: 3960: 3811: 3781: 3766: 3751: 3741: 3731: 3696: 3691: 3641: 3586: 3561: 3449: 3439: 3166: 2978: 2950: 2940: 2900: 2770: 2765: 2745: 2705: 2625: 1173: 905: 223: 1553:

Dewey, J. (1902). The Child and the Curriculum (pp. 1–31). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

1235: 5217: 5181: 5161: 5092: 5016: 4789: 4779: 4724: 4719: 4656: 4598: 4565: 4555: 4535: 4525: 4510: 4505: 4485: 4455: 4423: 4408: 4383: 4319: 4245: 4235: 4170: 4135: 4070: 4050: 4040: 4000: 3985: 3980: 3821: 3816: 3756: 3711: 3671: 3566: 3547: 3261: 3173: 3126: 3076: 3024: 3019: 2998: 2920: 2830: 2810: 2800: 2690: 2525: 1342: 1308: 1281: 715: 539: 499: 347: 215: 193: 172: 168: 38: 4300: 3512: 2372: 5317: 5312: 5281: 5166: 5011: 5001: 4991: 4981: 4839: 4764: 4550: 4475: 4445: 4276: 4195: 4155: 4130: 4110: 4045: 4020: 4010: 3995: 3796: 3746: 3701: 3686: 3666: 3656: 3631: 3571: 3266: 3054: 2905: 2855: 2805: 2750: 2695: 2607: 2565: 1948: 1337: 1332: 1304: 1162: 1076: 516: 429: 378: 2183: 683:

A curriculum may be partly or entirely determined by an external, authoritative body (e.g., the

468:

experts would best be qualified to and justified in designing curricula based upon their expert

1518: 273:

Excluded curriculum: topics or perspectives that are specifically excluded from the curriculum.

5191: 5087: 5044: 4966: 4734: 4115: 4080: 4035: 4030: 3939: 3806: 3716: 3606: 3444: 3256: 3238: 3116: 3086: 3059: 3049: 3039: 3034: 3003: 2935: 2925: 2910: 2870: 2678: 2661: 2466: 2347: 2290: 1919:

Handbook of Research on Curriculum: A Project of the American Educational Research Association

1875: 1837: 1801: 1638: 1522: 1489: 1442: 1372: 1357: 1327: 1322: 1299: 1201: 1150: 1135: 1009: 802: 711: 610: 266: 254:

Through the readings of Smith, Dewey, and Kelly, four types of curricula could be defined as:

164: 1632: 1436: 3516: 3432: 3373: 3136: 3131: 3101: 2988: 2983: 2945: 2850: 2825: 2730: 1544:

Kelly, A. V. (2009). The curriculum: Theory and practice (pp. 1–55). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

1483: 1263: 1251: 1239: 1127: 956: 746: 568: 387: 122: 67: 31: 2457: 2404: 1833:

Translation as Scholarship: Language, Writing, and Bilingual Education in Ancient Babylonia

3189: 3096: 3091: 2973: 2968: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2860: 2820: 2532: 2520: 2261: 2091: 1259: 1224: 1033: 1013: 374: 283: 205:

word which means "a race" or "the course of a race" (which in turn derives from the verb

17: 2216: 1307:(PE) is an example where gender equality issues are highlighted because of preconceived 5270: 3316: 3209: 3029: 2054:"Northwest-Terrirtories and Nunavut to Have Input in Albertas K—12 Curriculum Redesign" 1974:"Museum Education as Curriculum: Four Models, Leading to a Fifth", Elizabeth Vallance, 1712: 1511: 1397: 1193: 1103: 382: 52:

A 52-week curriculum for a medical school, showing the courses for the different levels

1427:

Bilbao, Purita P., Lucido, Paz I., Iringan, Tomasa C., and Javier, Rodrigo B. (2008).

5306: 4294: 3391: 2993: 2930: 2795: 2668: 2202: 1275: 1181: 1168: 1111: 1025: 528: 1250:

Other institutions have largely done away with core requirements in their entirety.

3289: 3081: 1123: 798: 532: 524: 331:

Under some definitions, curriculum is prescriptive, and is based on a more general

219: 1122:

administrations and faculties sometimes mandate core curricula, especially in the

707:

technology, and social skills units, with specific, specialized teaching of each.

527:

and college education should be grounded on liberal education. On the other hand,

185:

has the primary mission of studying curricula and their implementation worldwide.

2503: 2254: 1869: 1831: 975:

have a significant degree of autonomy in deviating from the National Curriculum.

587:

the total learning experiences of the individual. This definition is anchored on

440:, explaining the curriculum as the course of deeds and experiences through which 4304: 3071: 1930:

Pinar, William F., William M. Reynolds, Patrick Slattery, and Peter M. Taubman.

1408: 1367: 1185: 1131: 830: 630: 322:

Step 7: Determination of what to evaluate and of the ways and means of doing it.

48: 3194: 1944: 1917:

Jackson, Philip W. "Conceptions of Curriculum and Curriculum Specialists." In

1874:. Cornell paperbacks. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. p. 16. 1741: 1119: 1029: 1005: 1001: 967:, which may set their own curricula, but it ensures that state schools of all 588: 510: 506: 465: 2397:"Examples in Action: Our List of Open Curriculum Colleges & Universities" 2351: 1605: 3282: 3204: 2845: 2588: 733: 469: 227: 57: 3219: 2018: 509:, curriculum as a course of formative experience also pervades the work of 3214: 777:

Curriculum for select parts of their curriculum. The territories also use

486:

Hence, he defined the curriculum as an ideal, rather than as the concrete

2720: 2255:

Diane Ravitch, National Standards in American Education A Citizen's Guide

2038: 1403: 1382: 1347: 993: 495: 363: 332: 1921:, edited by Philip W. Jackson, 3–40. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co., 1992. 1745: 2915: 1115: 774: 770: 688: 655: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 575: 544: 487: 354: 37:"Core Curriculum" redirects here. For the specific curriculum used at 2513: 2459:

A Guide for Gender Equality in Teacher Education Policy and Practices

1362: 758: 720: 450: 178: 2242: 2041:. Queensland Curriculum & Assessment Authority. 16 October 2015. 1130:

mandates a far smaller proportion of a student's course work than a

554:

There are four ways of approaching curriculum theory and practice:

490:

of the deeds and experiences that form who and what people become.

1234: 1098: 1062: 445: 441: 433: 340: 300:

According to Smith, a curriculum can be ordered into a procedure:

279: 202: 192: 47: 226:

records in 1582. The word's origins appear closely linked to the

222:

published posthumously in 1576. The term subsequently appears in

425: 5135: 4942: 4690: 4317: 3937: 3545: 3534: 3236: 2599: 2561: 1227:, but are free to choose specific courses within those fields. 2220:

Text was copied from this source, which is available under an

824: 815:

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

624: 2547: 765:

has the authority to create its own curriculum. However, the

2557: 1871:

Rhetoric Reclaimed: Aristotle and the Liberal Arts Tradition

1540: 1538: 1411:

emphasizes self-directed learning rather than a curriculum.

353:

A curriculum can be seen from different perspectives. What

152: 128: 97: 73: 146: 91: 1800:. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. pp. 33–35. 1106:

students discussing texts in the school's core curriculum

1055:

need to help students successfully reach the standards."

979:

life. For each of the statutory curriculum subjects, the

143: 137: 88: 82: 891:

The Dutch system is based on directives coming from the

561:

curriculum as an attempt to help students achieve a goal

475:

curriculum defined as the deeds-experiences the student

420:, the first textbook published on the subject, in 1918, 2552: 449:

members of society - not only experiences occurring in

270:

students or even students and teachers (Jackson, 1986).

1779: 1777: 1561: 1559: 955:

as a nationwide curriculum for primary and secondary

140: 125: 85: 70: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1188:

colleges in the United States follow this approach:

1149:. Both can take up to two years to complete without 149: 134: 94: 79: 5215: 5142: 5053: 5030: 4949: 4823: 4697: 4670: 4622: 4584: 4326: 4244: 4204: 3946: 3860: 3835: 3554: 3182: 3012: 2959: 2781: 2634: 2606: 2526:

OnCourse Systems for Education - Curriculum Builder

2313:"Harvard approves new general education curriculum" 2075:"Education Curriculum in Iran | K12 Academics" 1713:"What is curriculum? Exploring theory and practice" 558:

curriculum as a body of knowledge to be transmitted

131: 100: 76: 1953:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 29 1856:inculcated the student scribe in Sumerian culture. 1510: 399:Action is response; it is adaptation, adjustment. 2287:"Harvard Gazette: Discussing the Core Curriculum" 2340:"U. of Chicago President to Return to Teaching" 2092:"National Curriculum of Korea Source Inventory" 1415:Curricula in early childhood care and education 397: 1184:to teach all subjects including science. Five 2573: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 319:Step 6: Organization of learning experiences. 8: 5241:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 2514:World Council for Curriculum and Instruction 2243:National Education Standards...They're Back! 2160:"Nigeria revises basic education curriculum" 1079:'s reorganization of its core requirements. 935:National Curriculum for Wales (2008 to 2026) 710:Core curricula are often instituted, at the 498:and societies (e.g. professional formation, 230:desire to bring greater order to education. 2553:National Council of Teachers of Mathematics 2427:"General Education Expectations, Registrar" 1042:National Council of Teachers of Mathematics 859:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 505:Although it formally appeared in Bobbitt's 197:First published use of "curriculum" in 1576 5132: 4939: 4687: 4314: 3934: 3542: 3531: 3462: 3457: 3428: 3423: 3387: 3382: 3369: 3364: 3330: 3325: 3312: 3307: 3278: 3273: 3247: 3233: 2596: 2580: 2566: 2558: 1978:Vol. 45, No. 4 (Summer, 2004), pp. 343–358 1706: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1574: 1068:Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 893:Ministry of Education, Culture and Science 316:Step 5: Selection of learning experiences. 2086: 2084: 2013: 2011: 1242:celebrated the 50th anniversary of their 879:Learn how and when to remove this message 671:Learn how and when to remove this message 366:, teacher guides, and assessment guides. 2548:UNESCO International Bureau of Education 2094:. National Curriculum Information Center 2039:"Senior secondary Australian Curriculum" 1669: 1657: 1509:Adams, Kathy L.; Adams, Dale E. (2003). 797:The National Curriculum of Korea covers 740:took effect nationwide in 2014, after a 1462: 1431:. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc. 297:knowledge that they wish to transmit." 2534:"Education, Courses of Study in" 2274:Common Core Frequently Asked Questions 1600: 1598: 1565:Braslavsky, C. (2003). The curriculum. 1213:Association for Core Texts and Courses 1049:Common Core State Standards Initiative 1783: 1681: 1585: 1583: 1513:Urban Education: A Reference Handbook 1469: 1044:(NCTM) for mathematical instruction. 1038:United States Department of Education 7: 2289:. Harvard University. Archived from 857:adding citations to reliable sources 653:adding citations to reliable sources 595:group ways of thinking and acting." 5287: 1438:The Curriculum: theory and practice 109: 2201:National Archives (1 April 2018). 1093:Core Curriculum (Columbia College) 307:Step 2: Formulation of objectives. 43:Core Curriculum (Columbia College) 25: 2465:. Paris, UNESCO. pp. 9, 59. 1908:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1918. 201:The word "curriculum" began as a 183:International Bureau of Education 5286: 5277: 5276: 5264: 4805:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4299: 4290: 4289: 3847:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 3617:Democratic Republic of the Congo 3511: 2215: 981:Secretary of State for Education 829: 693:International Primary Curriculum 629: 456:To Bobbitt, the curriculum is a 313:Step 4: Organization of content. 233:By the seventeenth century, the 121: 66: 931:National Curriculum for England 685:National Curriculum for England 640:needs additional citations for 621:Primary and secondary education 242:Definitions and interpretations 171:, such as the United Kingdom's 4962:Federated States of Micronesia 4257:British Indian Ocean Territory 2338:Bronner, Ethan (5 June 1999). 2158:Mohammed, Amina (2014-08-14). 1485:Leading Curriculum Development 1295:Gender inequality in curricula 1289:Gender inequality in curricula 519:(1899–1977), president of the 479:to become the adult he or she 1: 1934:. New York: Peter Lang, 1995. 1634:Towards a Theory of Schooling 1612:. Online Etymology Dictionary 310:Step 3: Selection of content. 4930:United States Virgin Islands 2371:Johnson, Dirk (2007-11-04). 2222:Open Government Licence v3.0 1950:The child and the curriculum 1747:The child and the curriculum 1393:Structure of the disciplines 1138:core curriculum prescribes. 779:Alberta's standardized tests 538:According to Joseph Schwab, 424:said that curriculum, as an 247:Professional interpretations 4692:Education in North America 2203:"Education Act 2002 Part 6" 1488:. Corwin Press. p. 2. 969:local education authorities 304:Step 1: Diagnosis of needs. 5334: 5137:Education in South America 1868:Atwill, Janet M. (2009) . 1292: 1210: 1090: 971:have a common curriculum. 928: 801:, primary, secondary, and 36: 29: 5258: 4905:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 4285: 3541: 3530: 3506: 3460: 3426: 3385: 3367: 3328: 3310: 3276: 3252:Early childhood education 3245: 3232: 2595: 2504:Resources in your library 2373:"Small Campus, Big Books" 2233:Curriculum for Excellence 1637:. Routledge. p. 55. 1590:Oxford English Dictionary 1218:Distribution requirements 961:Education Reform Act 1988 18:Distribution requirements 5108:Northern Mariana Islands 4925:Turks and Caicos Islands 4006:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 3602:Central African Republic 2531:George M. Wiley (1920). 2360:– via NYTimes.com. 1976:Studies in Art Education 1904:Bobbitt, John Franklin. 1796:Jackson, Philip (1986). 1631:Hamilton, David (2014). 1353:Extracurricular activity 453:. (cf. image at right.) 30:Not to be confused with 5073:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 4267:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 2134:"NCEE - Japan Overview" 2019:"Australian Curriculum" 1268:Evergreen State College 963:. It does not apply to 773:both choose to use the 564:curriculum as a process 407:Ancient Roman curricula 4855:British Virgin Islands 4369:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2540:Encyclopedia Americana 1575:Adams & Adams 2003 1429:Curriculum Development 1388:Residential curriculum 1378:Open source curriculum 1247: 1107: 1071: 1032:, with the individual 959:schools following the 763:province and territory 742:curriculum development 403: 282:, academic clubs, and 198: 53: 5056:and other territories 4795:Saint Kitts and Nevis 3762:São Tomé and Príncipe 3622:Republic of the Congo 2184:"National curriculum" 1517:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1238: 1158:University of Chicago 1147:University of Chicago 1102: 1066: 767:Northwest Territories 738:Australian Curriculum 697:International Schools 521:University of Chicago 422:John Franklin Bobbitt 394:Historical conception 235:University of Glasgow 196: 51: 4944:Education in Oceania 4320:Education in Europe 4181:United Arab Emirates 3548:Education in Africa 2771:Instructional design 2224:. © Crown copyright. 1711:Smith, Mark (2000). 1435:Kelly, A.V. (2009). 1174:Hugo F. Sonnenschein 943:was introduced into 853:improve this section 649:improve this article 224:University of Leiden 4810:Trinidad and Tobago 4705:Antigua and Barbuda 4585:States with limited 4208:limited recognition 3837:States with limited 3536:Education by region 3262:Secondary education 3174:Teaching philosophy 3077:Pedagogical pattern 3020:21st century skills 2999:Religious education 2642:Aims and objectives 2431:Wesleyan University 2401:Open Jar Foundation 1592:, "Curriculum," 152 1482:Wiles, Jon (2008). 1400:have no curriculum. 1343:Educational program 1282:Wesleyan University 1143:Columbia University 941:National Curriculum 582:Progressivist views 500:academic discipline 216:University of Paris 173:National Curriculum 169:secondary education 39:Columbia University 5271:Schools portal 4745:Dominican Republic 3940:Education in Asia 3267:Tertiary education 3205:Learning resources 2696:Education sciences 2519:2010-12-28 at the 2377:The New York Times 2344:The New York Times 2260:2008-08-28 at the 2190:. 2 December 2014. 2077:. 6 February 2017. 1798:Life in Classrooms 1610:www.etymonline.com 1338:Curriculum studies 1333:CSCOPE (education) 1305:Physical education 1248: 1225:fields of learning 1163:The New York Times 1114:level, individual 1108: 1077:Harvard University 1072: 781:in some subjects. 517:Robert M. Hutchins 458:social-engineering 401:— John Dewey 379:informal education 327:Types of curricula 199: 54: 5300: 5299: 5254: 5253: 5250: 5249: 5222:other territories 5131: 5130: 5123:Wallis and Futuna 5031:Associated states 4938: 4937: 4827:other territories 4686: 4685: 4313: 4312: 4250:other territories 3933: 3932: 3864:other territories 3637:Equatorial Guinea 3526: 3525: 3501: 3500: 3497: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3482: 3420: 3419: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3405: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3346: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3298: 3257:Primary education 3228: 3227: 3117:Dialogic learning 3087:Teacher retention 3040:Critical thinking 3035:Class arrangement 3004:Special education 2679:Standardized test 2662:Course evaluation 2490:Library resources 2472:978-92-3-100069-0 1577:, pp. 33–34. 1373:Lifelong learning 1358:Hidden curriculum 1328:Body of knowledge 1323:Academic advising 1300:Gender inequality 1256:"Open Curriculum" 1202:Gutenberg College 1151:advanced standing 1136:elementary school 925:England and Wales 889: 888: 881: 803:special education 681: 680: 673: 611:spiral curriculum 267:Philip W. Jackson 265:is attributed to 16:(Redirected from 5325: 5290: 5289: 5280: 5279: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5242: 5230:Falkland Islands 5144:Sovereign states 5133: 5113:Pitcairn Islands 5083:French Polynesia 5068:Christmas Island 4997:Papua New Guinea 4977:Marshall Islands 4950:Sovereign states 4940: 4895:Saint Barthélemy 4825:Dependencies and 4698:Sovereign states 4688: 4623:Dependencies and 4327:Sovereign states 4315: 4303: 4293: 4292: 4262:Christmas Island 3948:Sovereign states 3935: 3925: 3924:(United Kingdom) 3920:Tristan da Cunha 3916:Ascension Island 3908: 3895: 3886: 3862:Dependencies and 3555:Sovereign states 3543: 3532: 3515: 3463: 3458: 3433:Higher education 3429: 3424: 3388: 3383: 3374:Secondary school 3370: 3365: 3331: 3326: 3313: 3308: 3279: 3274: 3248: 3234: 3162:Student-centered 3147:Phenomenon-based 3137:Peer instruction 3102:Blended learning 3025:Bloom's taxonomy 2989:Gifted education 2984:Education reform 2816:Computer science 2597: 2582: 2575: 2568: 2559: 2544: 2536: 2477: 2476: 2464: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2433:. Archived from 2423: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2407:on 4 August 2012 2403:. Archived from 2393: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2383: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2358: 2335: 2329: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2317:The Boston Globe 2309: 2303: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2265: 2252: 2246: 2240: 2234: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2205:. H M Government 2198: 2192: 2191: 2180: 2174: 2173: 2171: 2170: 2155: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2121: 2120: 2109: 2103: 2102: 2100: 2099: 2088: 2079: 2078: 2071: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2035: 2029: 2028: 2026: 2025: 2015: 2006: 2003: 1997: 1994: 1988: 1985: 1979: 1972: 1966: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1941: 1935: 1928: 1922: 1915: 1909: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1888: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1852: 1850: 1827: 1821: 1818: 1812: 1811: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1752: 1751: 1738: 1721: 1720: 1708: 1685: 1679: 1673: 1667: 1661: 1655: 1649: 1648: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1602: 1593: 1587: 1578: 1572: 1566: 1563: 1554: 1551: 1545: 1542: 1533: 1532: 1516: 1506: 1500: 1499: 1479: 1473: 1467: 1452: 1441:(6th ed.). 1272:Hamilton College 1264:Grinnell College 1252:Brown University 1240:Brown University 1128:higher education 1059:Higher education 1034:school districts 953:Northern Ireland 884: 877: 873: 870: 864: 833: 825: 747:senior secondary 691:schools, or the 676: 669: 665: 662: 656: 633: 625: 531:(1908–1994), an 159: 158: 155: 154: 151: 148: 145: 142: 139: 136: 133: 130: 127: 111: 107: 106: 103: 102: 99: 96: 93: 90: 87: 84: 81: 78: 75: 72: 32:Curriculum vitae 27:Educational plan 21: 5333: 5332: 5328: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5323: 5322: 5303: 5302: 5301: 5296: 5265: 5263: 5246: 5240: 5223: 5221: 5211: 5138: 5127: 5055: 5049: 5032: 5026: 5007:Solomon Islands 4945: 4934: 4828: 4826: 4819: 4693: 4682: 4666: 4624: 4618: 4604:Northern Cyprus 4586: 4580: 4501:North Macedonia 4322: 4309: 4281: 4249: 4240: 4221:Northern Cyprus 4207: 4200: 3942: 3929: 3928: 3923: 3906: 3893: 3884: 3865: 3863: 3856: 3840: 3838: 3831: 3550: 3537: 3522: 3521: 3502: 3493: 3484: 3476: 3469: 3447: 3435: 3416: 3407: 3399: 3394: 3376: 3357: 3348: 3340: 3335: 3319: 3300: 3292: 3285: 3241: 3224: 3178: 3097:Active learning 3092:Teaching method 3067:Learning theory 3008: 2974:Autodidacticism 2969:Adult education 2955: 2896:Performing arts 2777: 2684:Teacher quality 2674:Standards-based 2630: 2602: 2591: 2586: 2530: 2521:Wayback Machine 2510: 2509: 2508: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2486: 2481: 2480: 2473: 2462: 2456:UNESCO (2015). 2455: 2454: 2450: 2440: 2438: 2437:on 20 July 2011 2425: 2424: 2420: 2410: 2408: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2381: 2379: 2370: 2369: 2365: 2356: 2354: 2337: 2336: 2332: 2322: 2320: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2296: 2294: 2285: 2284: 2280: 2272: 2268: 2262:Wayback Machine 2253: 2249: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2208: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2182: 2181: 2177: 2168: 2166: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2142: 2140: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2118: 2116: 2111: 2110: 2106: 2097: 2095: 2090: 2089: 2082: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2058: 2056: 2052:French, Janet. 2051: 2050: 2046: 2037: 2036: 2032: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2016: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1982: 1973: 1969: 1956: 1954: 1943: 1942: 1938: 1929: 1925: 1916: 1912: 1903: 1899: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1867: 1866: 1862: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1829: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1808: 1795: 1794: 1790: 1782: 1755: 1740: 1739: 1724: 1710: 1709: 1688: 1680: 1676: 1668: 1664: 1656: 1652: 1645: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1615: 1613: 1604: 1603: 1596: 1588: 1581: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1536: 1529: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1496: 1481: 1480: 1476: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1449: 1434: 1424: 1419: 1398:Sudbury schools 1318: 1297: 1291: 1260:Amherst College 1244:Open Curriculum 1233: 1231:Open curriculum 1220: 1215: 1095: 1089: 1087:Core curriculum 1061: 1022: 1014:Advanced Higher 990: 973:Academy schools 965:private schools 937: 929:Main articles: 927: 922: 914: 901: 885: 874: 868: 865: 850: 834: 823: 821:The Netherlands 811: 795: 787: 755: 730: 677: 666: 660: 657: 646: 634: 623: 584: 481:ought to become 400: 396: 329: 284:performing arts 249: 244: 212:Professio Regia 191: 124: 120: 69: 65: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5331: 5329: 5321: 5320: 5315: 5305: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5294: 5284: 5274: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5252: 5251: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5237: 5232: 5226: 5224: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5148: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5136: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5103:Norfolk Island 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5063:American Samoa 5059: 5057: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5047: 5042: 5036: 5034: 5033:of New Zealand 5028: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4953: 4951: 4947: 4946: 4943: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4915:Sint Eustatius 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4860:Cayman Islands 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4831: 4829: 4824: 4821: 4820: 4818: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4701: 4699: 4695: 4694: 4691: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4680: 4678:European Union 4674: 4672: 4671:Other entities 4668: 4667: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4628: 4626: 4625:other entities 4620: 4619: 4617: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4590: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4578: 4576:United Kingdom 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4389:Czech Republic 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4323: 4318: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4307: 4297: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4253: 4251: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4212: 4210: 4202: 4201: 4199: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3952: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3938: 3931: 3930: 3927: 3926: 3909: 3896: 3887: 3873:Canary Islands 3869: 3868: 3866: 3861: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3854: 3849: 3843: 3841: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3551: 3546: 3539: 3538: 3535: 3528: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3520: 3519: 3508: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3489: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3479: 3478: 3471: 3461: 3454: 3453: 3442: 3437: 3427: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3386: 3379: 3378: 3368: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3345: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3329: 3322: 3321: 3317:Primary school 3311: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3295: 3294: 3287: 3277: 3270: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3246: 3243: 3242: 3237: 3230: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3223: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3186: 3184: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3176: 3171: 3170: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3063: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3030:Cognitive load 3027: 3022: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2965: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2787: 2785: 2779: 2778: 2776: 2775: 2774: 2773: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2701:Evidence-based 2698: 2693: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2649: 2644: 2638: 2636: 2635:By perspective 2632: 2631: 2629: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2612: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2600: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2585: 2584: 2577: 2570: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2528: 2523: 2507: 2506: 2500: 2499: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2484:External links 2482: 2479: 2478: 2471: 2448: 2418: 2388: 2363: 2330: 2304: 2293:on 3 July 2013 2278: 2266: 2247: 2235: 2226: 2193: 2175: 2150: 2125: 2104: 2080: 2066: 2044: 2030: 2007: 1998: 1989: 1980: 1967: 1936: 1923: 1910: 1906:The Curriculum 1897: 1880: 1860: 1842: 1822: 1813: 1806: 1788: 1753: 1722: 1686: 1674: 1662: 1650: 1643: 1623: 1594: 1579: 1567: 1555: 1546: 1534: 1527: 1501: 1494: 1474: 1461: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1453: 1447: 1432: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1406: 1401: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1293:Main article: 1290: 1287: 1232: 1229: 1219: 1216: 1198:Thomas Aquinas 1104:Shimer College 1088: 1085: 1060: 1057: 1021: 1018: 989: 986: 926: 923: 921: 920:United Kingdom 918: 913: 910: 900: 897: 887: 886: 837: 835: 828: 822: 819: 810: 807: 794: 791: 786: 783: 754: 751: 729: 726: 679: 678: 637: 635: 628: 622: 619: 615:constructivist 583: 580: 572: 571: 567:curriculum as 565: 562: 559: 484: 483: 473: 418:The Curriculum 395: 392: 383:science museum 328: 325: 324: 323: 320: 317: 314: 311: 308: 305: 275: 274: 271: 262: 259: 248: 245: 243: 240: 190: 187: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5330: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5293: 5285: 5283: 5275: 5273: 5272: 5261: 5260: 5257: 5243: 5238: 5236: 5235:French Guiana 5233: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5219: 5214: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5134: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5098:New Caledonia 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5078:Easter Island 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5052: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5029: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4948: 4941: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4822: 4816: 4815:United States 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4696: 4689: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4669: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4637:Faroe Islands 4635: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4609:South Ossetia 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4583: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4461:Liechtenstein 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4296: 4288: 4287: 4284: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4247: 4243: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4231:South Ossetia 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3910: 3904: 3900: 3897: 3891: 3888: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3871: 3870: 3867: 3859: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3834: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3677:Guinea-Bissau 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3533: 3529: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3480: 3475: 3472: 3468: 3467:Undergraduate 3465: 3464: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3434: 3431: 3430: 3425: 3422: 3403: 3397: 3393: 3392:Middle school 3390: 3389: 3384: 3381: 3380: 3375: 3372: 3371: 3366: 3363: 3344: 3338: 3333: 3332: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3309: 3306: 3296: 3291: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3275: 3272: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3249: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3231: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3187: 3185: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3157:Project-based 3155: 3153: 3152:Problem-based 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3112:Demonstration 3110: 3108: 3107:Contemplative 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3094: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3015: 3011: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2994:Homeschooling 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2958: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2841:Environmental 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2767: 2766:Instructional 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2669:Psychometrics 2667: 2663: 2660: 2659: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2583: 2578: 2576: 2571: 2569: 2564: 2563: 2560: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2542: 2541: 2535: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2511: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2483: 2474: 2468: 2461: 2460: 2452: 2449: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2422: 2419: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2392: 2389: 2378: 2374: 2367: 2364: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2334: 2331: 2319:. 15 May 2007 2318: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2292: 2288: 2282: 2279: 2275: 2270: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2256: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2236: 2230: 2227: 2223: 2218: 2204: 2197: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2179: 2176: 2165: 2164:Premium Times 2161: 2154: 2151: 2139: 2135: 2129: 2126: 2114: 2108: 2105: 2093: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2070: 2067: 2055: 2048: 2045: 2040: 2034: 2031: 2020: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2002: 1999: 1993: 1990: 1984: 1981: 1977: 1971: 1968: 1964: 1952: 1951: 1946: 1940: 1937: 1933: 1927: 1924: 1920: 1914: 1911: 1907: 1901: 1898: 1894: 1883: 1881:9780801476051 1877: 1873: 1872: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1845: 1843:9781501509759 1839: 1835: 1834: 1826: 1823: 1817: 1814: 1809: 1807:0-8077-3034-3 1803: 1799: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1714: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1675: 1672:, p. 47. 1671: 1670:Hamilton 2014 1666: 1663: 1659: 1658:Hamilton 2014 1654: 1651: 1646: 1644:9780415857086 1640: 1636: 1635: 1627: 1624: 1611: 1607: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1571: 1568: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1550: 1547: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1530: 1528:9781576073629 1524: 1520: 1515: 1514: 1505: 1502: 1497: 1495:9781412961417 1491: 1487: 1486: 1478: 1475: 1472:, p. 13. 1471: 1466: 1463: 1456: 1450: 1448:9781847872746 1444: 1440: 1439: 1433: 1430: 1426: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1279: 1277: 1276:Smith College 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1217: 1214: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1182:western canon 1177: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1169:The Economist 1165: 1164: 1159: 1156:In 1999, the 1154: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1112:undergraduate 1105: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1078: 1069: 1065: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1050: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1020:United States 1019: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 987: 985: 982: 976: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 936: 932: 924: 919: 917: 911: 909: 907: 898: 896: 894: 883: 880: 872: 862: 858: 854: 848: 847: 843: 838:This section 836: 832: 827: 826: 820: 818: 816: 808: 806: 804: 800: 792: 790: 784: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 752: 750: 748: 743: 739: 735: 727: 725: 722: 717: 713: 708: 705: 700: 698: 694: 690: 686: 675: 672: 664: 654: 650: 644: 643: 638:This section 636: 632: 627: 626: 620: 618: 616: 612: 609:Currently, a 607: 603: 600: 596: 592: 590: 581: 579: 577: 570: 566: 563: 560: 557: 556: 555: 552: 548: 546: 541: 536: 534: 530: 529:Arthur Bestor 526: 522: 518: 514: 512: 508: 503: 501: 497: 491: 489: 482: 478: 477:ought to have 474: 471: 467: 463: 462: 461: 459: 454: 452: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 414: 410: 408: 402: 393: 391: 389: 384: 380: 376: 371: 367: 365: 361: 356: 351: 349: 344: 342: 336: 334: 326: 321: 318: 315: 312: 309: 306: 303: 302: 301: 298: 294: 290: 287: 285: 281: 272: 268: 263: 260: 257: 256: 255: 252: 246: 241: 239: 236: 231: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 208: 204: 195: 188: 186: 184: 180: 176: 174: 170: 166: 161: 157: 119: 115: 105: 63: 59: 50: 44: 40: 33: 19: 5262: 5218:Dependencies 5054:Dependencies 5040:Cook Islands 4920:Sint Maarten 4900:Saint Martin 4614:Transnistria 4246:Dependencies 4176:Turkmenistan 4141:Saudi Arabia 3912:Saint Helena 3883: 3787:South Africa 3777:Sierra Leone 3582:Burkina Faso 3474:Postgraduate 3290:Kindergarten 3142:Personalized 3122:Experiential 3082:Teacher look 3044: 2791:Agricultural 2647:Anthropology 2538: 2494: 2458: 2451: 2439:. Retrieved 2435:the original 2430: 2421: 2409:. Retrieved 2405:the original 2400: 2391: 2380:. Retrieved 2376: 2366: 2355:. Retrieved 2343: 2333: 2321:. Retrieved 2316: 2307: 2295:. Retrieved 2291:the original 2281: 2269: 2250: 2238: 2229: 2207:. Retrieved 2196: 2187: 2178: 2167:. Retrieved 2163: 2153: 2141:. Retrieved 2138:www.ncee.org 2137: 2128: 2117:. Retrieved 2107: 2096:. Retrieved 2069: 2059:November 23, 2057:. Retrieved 2047: 2033: 2022:. Retrieved 2001: 1992: 1983: 1975: 1970: 1962: 1955:. Retrieved 1949: 1939: 1931: 1926: 1918: 1913: 1905: 1900: 1892: 1885:. Retrieved 1870: 1863: 1854: 1847:. Retrieved 1832: 1825: 1816: 1797: 1791: 1746: 1716: 1684:, p. 2. 1677: 1665: 1660:, p. 7. 1653: 1633: 1626: 1614:. Retrieved 1609: 1606:"Curriculum" 1589: 1570: 1549: 1512: 1504: 1484: 1477: 1465: 1437: 1428: 1309:stereotyping 1298: 1280: 1249: 1221: 1178: 1167: 1161: 1155: 1140: 1124:liberal arts 1109: 1096: 1081: 1073: 1053: 1046: 1040:such as the 1023: 991: 977: 938: 915: 902: 890: 875: 869:October 2020 866: 851:Please help 839: 812: 799:kindergarten 796: 788: 756: 731: 709: 701: 682: 667: 658: 647:Please help 642:verification 639: 608: 604: 601: 597: 593: 585: 573: 553: 549: 537: 533:essentialist 525:the three Rs 515: 504: 492: 485: 480: 476: 455: 437: 417: 415: 411: 404: 398: 372: 368: 360:competencies 352: 345: 337: 330: 299: 295: 291: 288: 276: 253: 250: 232: 220:Petrus Ramus 214:, a work by 211: 206: 200: 177: 162: 117: 113: 61: 55: 5292:WikiProject 4987:New Zealand 4890:Puerto Rico 4800:Saint Lucia 4750:El Salvador 4652:Isle of Man 4587:recognition 4561:Switzerland 4496:Netherlands 4305:Asia portal 4206:States with 4126:Philippines 4066:South Korea 4061:North Korea 3956:Afghanistan 3839:recognition 3792:South Sudan 3682:Ivory Coast 3398:High school 3195:Definitions 3072:Lesson plan 2961:Alternative 2866:Mathematics 2836:Engineering 1945:Dewey, John 1742:Dewey, John 1616:29 November 1422:Works cited 1409:Unschooling 1368:Lesson plan 1254:offers the 1206:Thomas More 1186:Great Books 1132:high school 793:South Korea 444:become the 438:race-course 114:curriculums 5307:Categories 4885:Montserrat 4880:Martinique 4875:Guadeloupe 4730:Costa Rica 4531:San Marino 4491:Montenegro 4471:Luxembourg 4451:Kazakhstan 4354:Azerbaijan 4186:Uzbekistan 4161:Tajikistan 4076:Kyrgyzstan 4056:Kazakhstan 3976:Bangladesh 3966:Azerbaijan 3894:(Portugal) 3852:Somaliland 3772:Seychelles 3737:Mozambique 3722:Mauritania 3707:Madagascar 3662:The Gambia 3597:Cape Verde 3450:Continuing 3440:Vocational 3045:Curriculum 2979:Democratic 2951:Vocational 2941:Technology 2901:Philosophy 2783:By subject 2761:Technology 2741:Psychology 2726:Philosophy 2716:Leadership 2657:Evaluation 2652:Assessment 2495:Curriculum 2441:7 February 2411:7 February 2382:2010-05-22 2357:2021-05-15 2323:9 February 2297:9 February 2209:14 October 2169:2015-01-12 2119:2015-01-12 2098:2015-01-12 2024:2015-01-12 1784:Kelly 2009 1682:Wiles 2008 1470:Kelly 2009 1457:References 1211:See also: 1190:St. John's 1120:university 1091:See also: 1006:National 5 1002:National 4 998:National 3 906:compulsory 704:assessment 661:April 2023 589:John Dewey 540:discipline 511:John Dewey 507:definition 466:scientific 428:, has its 218:professor 62:curriculum 5318:Didactics 5313:Curricula 5207:Venezuela 5152:Argentina 4957:Australia 4870:Greenland 4785:Nicaragua 4760:Guatemala 4642:Gibraltar 4466:Lithuania 4272:Hong Kong 4226:Palestine 4151:Sri Lanka 4146:Singapore 4026:Indonesia 3727:Mauritius 3283:Preschool 3183:Wikimedia 2921:Religious 2846:Euthenics 2831:Economics 2811:Chemistry 2801:Bilingual 2756:Sociology 2711:Inclusion 2691:Economics 2589:Education 2352:0362-4331 2276:(article) 2245:(article) 840:does not 734:Australia 728:Australia 716:secondary 470:knowledge 436:word for 364:textbooks 355:societies 228:Calvinist 189:Etymology 118:curricula 58:education 5282:Category 5197:Suriname 5187:Paraguay 5172:Colombia 4972:Kiribati 4835:Anguilla 4770:Honduras 4740:Dominica 4715:Barbados 4662:Svalbard 4647:Guernsey 4594:Abkhazia 4546:Slovenia 4541:Slovakia 4516:Portugal 4374:Bulgaria 4295:Category 4216:Abkhazia 4166:Thailand 4121:Pakistan 4101:Mongolia 4096:Maldives 4091:Malaysia 3991:Cambodia 3918: / 3914: / 3907:(France) 3901: / 3879: / 3875: / 3827:Zimbabwe 3802:Tanzania 3652:Ethiopia 3647:Eswatini 3627:Djibouti 3592:Cameroon 3577:Botswana 3167:Socratic 3127:Feedback 3013:Concepts 2906:Physical 2876:Military 2856:Language 2806:Business 2746:Research 2736:Politics 2721:Pedagogy 2616:Glossary 2601:Overview 2517:Archived 2258:Archived 2143:15 April 1957:27 March 1947:(1902). 1887:27 March 1849:27 March 1744:(1902). 1404:Syllabus 1383:Pedagogy 1348:Europass 1316:See also 1246:in 2019. 1145:and the 1008:(NAT5), 1004:(NAT4), 1000:(NAT3), 994:Scotland 988:Scotland 496:cultures 442:children 333:syllabus 5202:Uruguay 5177:Ecuador 5157:Bolivia 5118:Tokelau 5022:Vanuatu 4865:Curaçao 4850:Bonaire 4845:Bermuda 4775:Jamaica 4755:Grenada 4710:Bahamas 4571:Ukraine 4521:Romania 4481:Moldova 4439:Ireland 4434:Iceland 4429:Hungary 4419:Germany 4414:Georgia 4404:Finland 4399:Estonia 4394:Denmark 4379:Croatia 4364:Belgium 4359:Belarus 4349:Austria 4344:Armenia 4339:Andorra 4334:Albania 4191:Vietnam 4106:Myanmar 4086:Lebanon 4016:Georgia 3971:Bahrain 3961:Armenia 3903:Réunion 3899:Mayotte 3890:Madeira 3885:(Spain) 3881:Melilla 3812:Tunisia 3782:Somalia 3767:Senegal 3752:Nigeria 3742:Namibia 3732:Morocco 3697:Liberia 3692:Lesotho 3642:Eritrea 3612:Comoros 3587:Burundi 3562:Algeria 3470:→ 3445:Further 3400:→ 3395:→ 3377:→ 3341:→ 3336:→ 3320:→ 3293:→ 3286:→ 3132:Passive 3055:Studies 2936:Teacher 2926:Science 2916:Reading 2911:Physics 2886:Nursing 2871:Medical 2706:History 2626:Outline 2608:General 1116:college 1110:At the 1028:, each 1024:In the 945:England 899:Nigeria 861:removed 846:sources 775:Alberta 771:Nunavut 749:years. 712:primary 689:English 576:museums 545:college 488:reality 432:in the 348:diploma 207:currere 165:primary 5182:Guyana 5162:Brazil 5093:Hawaii 5017:Tuvalu 4790:Panama 4780:Mexico 4725:Canada 4720:Belize 4657:Jersey 4599:Kosovo 4566:Turkey 4556:Sweden 4536:Serbia 4526:Russia 4511:Poland 4506:Norway 4486:Monaco 4456:Latvia 4424:Greece 4409:France 4384:Cyprus 4236:Taiwan 4171:Turkey 4136:Russia 4071:Kuwait 4051:Jordan 4041:Israel 4001:Cyprus 3986:Brunei 3981:Bhutan 3922: 3905: 3892: 3822:Zambia 3817:Uganda 3757:Rwanda 3712:Malawi 3672:Guinea 3567:Angola 3517:Portal 3477: 3436: 3339:Junior 3334:Infant 3239:Stages 3215:Quotes 3200:Images 3060:Theory 3050:Hidden 2946:Values 2851:Health 2826:Design 2751:Rights 2731:Policy 2492:about 2469: 2350: 2264:(book) 2188:GOV.UK 1878: 1840: 1804: 1641: 1525: 1492: 1445: 1363:Lesson 1274:, and 1194:Shimer 1012:, and 1010:Higher 912:Russia 759:Canada 753:Canada 736:, the 721:school 569:praxis 451:school 446:adults 388:praxis 375:formal 341:skills 280:sports 179:UNESCO 41:, see 5167:Chile 5012:Tonga 5002:Samoa 4992:Palau 4982:Nauru 4840:Aruba 4765:Haiti 4632:Åland 4551:Spain 4476:Malta 4446:Italy 4277:Macau 4196:Yemen 4156:Syria 4131:Qatar 4111:Nepal 4046:Japan 4021:India 4011:Egypt 3996:China 3877:Ceuta 3797:Sudan 3747:Niger 3702:Libya 3687:Kenya 3667:Ghana 3657:Gabon 3632:Egypt 3572:Benin 3220:Texts 3190:Books 2891:Peace 2881:Music 2861:Legal 2821:Death 2621:Index 2463:(PDF) 2115:(PDF) 1717:infed 1521:–32. 1030:state 957:state 949:Wales 809:Japan 761:each 464:that 434:Latin 430:roots 203:Latin 5192:Peru 5088:Guam 5045:Niue 4967:Fiji 4910:Saba 4735:Cuba 4116:Oman 4081:Laos 4036:Iraq 4031:Iran 3807:Togo 3717:Mali 3607:Chad 3210:News 2467:ISBN 2443:2014 2413:2014 2348:ISSN 2325:2013 2299:2013 2211:2020 2145:2018 2061:2016 1959:2023 1889:2023 1876:ISBN 1851:2023 1838:ISBN 1802:ISBN 1639:ISBN 1618:2019 1523:ISBN 1490:ISBN 1443:ISBN 1204:and 1118:and 1047:The 1026:U.S. 951:and 939:The 933:and 844:any 842:cite 785:Iran 769:and 714:and 695:for 426:idea 377:and 167:and 60:, a 5220:and 4248:and 2931:Sex 2796:Art 1134:or 992:In 855:by 757:In 732:In 699:). 687:in 651:by 416:In 181:'s 116:or 110:pl. 56:In 5309:: 2537:. 2429:. 2399:. 2375:. 2346:. 2342:. 2315:. 2186:. 2162:. 2136:. 2083:^ 2010:^ 1961:. 1891:. 1853:. 1756:^ 1725:^ 1715:. 1689:^ 1608:. 1597:^ 1582:^ 1558:^ 1537:^ 1519:31 1278:. 1270:, 1208:. 1200:, 1196:, 1192:, 1166:, 1016:. 947:, 390:. 175:. 112:: 108:; 3452:) 3448:( 2581:e 2574:t 2567:v 2543:. 2475:. 2445:. 2415:. 2385:. 2327:. 2301:. 2213:. 2172:. 2147:. 2122:. 2101:. 2063:. 2027:. 1810:. 1786:. 1750:. 1719:. 1647:. 1620:. 1531:. 1498:. 1451:. 882:) 876:( 871:) 867:( 863:. 849:. 674:) 668:( 663:) 659:( 645:. 156:/ 153:ə 150:l 147:ʊ 144:j 141:k 138:ɪ 135:r 132:ˈ 129:ə 126:k 123:/ 104:/ 101:m 98:ə 95:l 92:ʊ 89:j 86:k 83:ɪ 80:r 77:ˈ 74:ə 71:k 68:/ 64:( 45:. 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.