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system. The system covers about a third of the city and was built in the late 19th century to carry sanitary sewage and stormwater in the same pipe. The system operates well in dry weather. However, during rainstorms, the flow can exceed the capacity of the pipe. To prevent sewer backups and flooded
675:
Plastic bottles, plastic bags, inflatable toys, baseballs, and environmental debris like tree limbs, are all skimmed from the waterways and deposited into oversized dumpsters for removal. In decades past, there used to be more oversized items, such as sofas and refrigerators. However, over the years,
659:
In FY 09, the
Authority rehabilitated pumping equipment and accessories in one of two stations that pump incoming wastewater into the plant and replaced aged infrastructure and equipment in the plant's final filters with a more effective system. All the upgrade projects were tied into the plant-wide
647:
reached in 1987, was a first step in reducing nitrogen discharge to waterways that are tributary to the
Chesapeake Bay. Under the agreement, the Bay states and the District committed to voluntarily reduce nitrogen loads by 40 percent from their 1985 levels. Blue Plains was the first plant to achieve
579:
honored DC Water with its
Research and Technology Award, given annually to member agencies who contribute to the field of biosolids usage and disposal or wastewater treatment. The research project must be completed in-house (or by a contractor working directly with the agency). It must relate to the
727:
To date, DC Water has significantly reduced CSOs by eliminating approximately 40 percent of the overflows through a $ 140 million construction and mitigation program. This investment included inflatable dams to catch and store overflows during rainstorms, tide gates to keep river water from flowing
655:
DC Water and EPA agreed upon new nitrogen limits as part of the NPDES permit effective
September 2010, reducing nitrogen levels to 4.7 million pounds per year. DC Water plans to achieve these levels by constructing new facilities at Blue Plains to perform enhanced nitrogen removal (ENR). The total
398:
In 2010, under new leadership, the
Authority underwent a rebranding effort. The rebranding included a new logo, a new color palette, and a new name. Since its inception, the Authority had been doing business as DC Water. The legal name of the agency remains the District of Columbia Water and Sewer
682:
As a result of the work DC Water contributes, "The
District, as a city, is head and shoulders above any other municipality in the Bay watershed," said Tom Schueler of the nonprofit Chesapeake Stormwater Network. In 2009, The Stormwater Network developed a stormwater performance grading scale. The
731:
In 2013 the agency began construction of a deep tunnel system for its "Clean Rivers
Project." The $ 2.4 billion, 20-year project will reduce CSOs by 96 percent overall and 98 percent in the Anacostia River. Once operational, the tunnel system will store the combined sewage during wet weather and
596:
Rates paid by ratepayers cover the cost of delivery of water and sewer service. A little more than half of the rates cover operations. Another quarter covers the cost of capital projects like replacement of aging water and sewer lines, valve replacements, and pump station improvements. Capital
580:
collection process, treatment process, or reuse of wastewater. This innovation by the DC Water team has a global impact in protecting aquatic life in waterways that receive wastewater discharges. The year 2010 marks the second consecutive year that DC Water has been recognized with this award.
667:
and modify structures equipment. The rehabilitated and new equipment will support other ongoing upgrades to the nitrification/denitrification process and aims to meet the nitrogen reduction goals of the
Chesapeake Bay Program. It will also increase energy efficiency.
370:. At that time, the plant was built to treat sewage from a population of 650,000, with a capacity of 100 million gallons per day (mgd). By 1943, the population grew to 1.5 million people, contributing much more sewage, and upgrades to the plant were necessary.
273:
DC Water provides more than 600,000 residents, 16.6 million annual visitors, and 700,000 people employed in the
District of Columbia with water, sewage collection, and treatment. The agency also provides wholesale wastewater treatment for 1.6 million people in
524:
When DC Water was created as an independent authority in 1996, its finances were separate from those of the
District of Columbia. The independence of DC Water with regard to finance, procurement and personnel matters was affirmed by Congress under the
771:, which ran front-page stories about the problem in January 2004. This led to a Congressional investigation, which found that the CDC had made "scientifically indefensible" claims about the lack of health effects from the lead in DC's water supply.
583:
In 2010, DC Water received from NACWA the Platinum Peak Performance Award after receiving five consecutive Gold Awards for 100 percent compliance with permit limits. This award is presented to member agencies for exceptional compliance for their
652:(BNR) process was completed in 2000, Blue Plains has every year successfully achieved and exceeded that goal of a 40 percent reduction. In Fiscal Year 2009, the BNR process at Blue Plains reduced the nitrogen load by more than 58 percent.
671:
On the waterways, the Authority operates two skimmer boats that remove floatable debris from the Anacostia and Potomac rivers every Monday through Friday. These crews remove more than 400 tons of trash from our waterways each year.
93:
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governs DC Water. Six Board Members represent the District. Prince George's County and Montgomery County each have two Board Members. Fairfax County has a single Board Member. Each participating jurisdiction is a signatory to the
394:
Drinking water and sewage treatment services were initially provided by the District of Columbia government. DC Water was established as an independent agency in 1996 by the District Government and the U.S. federal government.
758:, a civil engineering professor specializing in plumbing who DC Water had hired to investigate complaints of plumbing corrosion. DC Water threatened to cut off Edwards's funding unless he abandoned his investigation. The
566:
DC Water also manages over 1,800 miles (2,900 km) of sewer lines and operates the Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant. The plant discharges to the Potomac River at the southernmost tip of the District.
361:
In 1938, the District of Columbia built a sewage treatment plant in the Blue Plains area, at the southernmost tip of DC. The cost was $ 4 million. The plant was built to stop raw sewage from entering the
679:
In addition to their full-time work assignments, these crews clean the way for special events like the Nation's Triathlon and high school crew competitions, as well as for conservation efforts.
639:
Since the mid-1980s, Blue Plains has reduced phosphorus to the limit of technology, primarily in support of water quality goals of the Potomac River, but also for the restoration of the
601:(EPA). Though the mandate comes from the federal government, the funding sources for these construction projects are not identified. While a small amount of funding has come through the
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The Authority develops its own budget, which is then included in the overall District of Columbia budget. Together these two budgets are presented annually to Congress for approval.
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563:, north of the District. The Aqueduct treats the water, and DC Water distributes it through 1,300 miles (2,100 km) of water pipes throughout the District of Columbia.
621:. The effluent that leaves Blue Plains and is discharged to the Potomac is highly treated and meets some of the most stringent NPDES permit limits in the United States.
782:, a similar chemical. Chloramine picks up lead from pipes and solder, keeping it dissolved in the water throughout the system. The Aqueduct subsequently started adding
632:
to the waterways in which they discharge. These nutrients have been found to deplete oxygen in the marine environment, a process that is detrimental to fish and other
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the skimmer boats have removed most of those. Still, there is the occasional unlikely item, such as the live deer that was recently rescued to dry ground.
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A President and CEO is responsible for all daily operations and reports to the DC Water Board of Directors. The current President/CEO is David L. Gadis.
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into the sewer system, sewer separation to eliminate CSO outfalls, and pumping station construction and rehabilitation to increase flow capacity.
374:
units were added in 1959, with an expanded discharge capacity of 240 mgd. In the 1970s a major expansion commenced that led to construction of
258:
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Progress was achieved by implementing the nitrification/denitrification facilities upgrade to convert nitrification reactors from coarse to
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levels of at least 1,250 parts per billion (ppb)—about 83 times higher than the accepted safe level of 15 ppb. The discovery was made by
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which spells out the roles and responsibilities for each party and addresses facilities management, capacity allocation, and financing.
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components, and by 1983 the capacity was 300 mgd. In addition to Washington, the plant serves several adjacent communities in
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894:
Wennersten, John R. (2008). Anacostia: The Death and Life of an American River. Baltimore: The Chesapeake Book Company
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In 2010, the CDC said that 15,000 homes in the DC area might still have water supplies with dangerous levels of lead.
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process control system (PCS), which monitors and controls the plant's processes from a central location.
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projects also include several projects designed to protect the environment and are required by the U.S.
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division of the Army Corps of Engineers. The Aqueduct sources the water from the Potomac River at
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At Blue Plains, wastewater treatment goes beyond primary and secondary treatment levels to
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Zacher, Jason (April 6, 2004). "Disinfectant linked to lead in D.C. used in Greenville".
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streets, these combined sewers may discharge into the Anacostia and Potomac Rivers and
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District received the highest grade of B+, and others scored as low as Cs and even Ds.
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and other grants, the majority of these capital costs are borne by the ratepayers.
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Drinking water pumped: 108 million US gallons (410,000 m) a day (FY 2009)
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Construction workers check on progress inside a tunnel in the Clean Rivers Project
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District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority Independence Preservation Act,
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that goal. Furthermore, every year since the full-scale implementation of the
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1267:"CDC misled District residents about lead levels in water, House probe finds"
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Historically, wastewater treatment plants have contributed nutrients such as
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762:(CDC) released a report dismissing the idea of health risks from the water.
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District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority Independence Preservation Act
92:
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The problem was traced to the Washington Aqueduct decision to replace the
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The District of Columbia is one of 772 older cities in the country with a
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Peak capacity: 1.076 billion US gallons (4,070,000 m) per day.
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Philadelphia, PA (2010).
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established it as an independent authority of the city's government.
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945:"Placed End to End, Our Sewer Pipes Would Stretch from DC to Utah"
854:. Baltimore, MD: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District.
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Further information on lead contamination in the early 2000s:
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Capacity: 370 million US gallons (1,400,000 m) per day
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In 2001, water supplied by the Authority was found to contain
15:
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1327:"Study of D.C. water sharpens understanding of lead threat"
197:
905:
District of Columbia Official Code -- DC ST 1981 § 43-1661
1104:"Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Control Activities Update"
489:
Largest advanced wastewater treatment plant in the world
919:"History of the Blue Plains Wastewater Treatment Plant"
806:(WSSC) - serves Montgomery and Prince George's Counties
742:
Lead contamination in Washington, D.C. drinking water
1154:"D.C. Set to Tunnel Its Way Out of Sewage Overflows"
577:
National Association of Clean Water Agencies (NACWA)
732:release it gradually for treatment at Blue Plains.
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541:Dalecarlia Water Treatment Plant, operated by the
242:services to several adjoining municipalities in
1384:Government agencies of the District of Columbia
1219:(3). American Society for Engineering Education
586:National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
485:Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant
1354:District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority
353:were added to the system in the 20th century.
217:District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority
8:
85:
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656:cost of the project is nearly $ 1 billion.
551:DC Water purchases drinking water from the
50:of quality, and to make it neutral in tone.
1177:"The Plumbing Professor: Against the Tide"
760:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
746:Marc Edwards (civil engineering professor)
411:Service area: 725 square miles (1,880 km2)
205:
106:HQO, DC Water's headquarters building, in
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91:
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
1308:"D.C. Tests Show Drop In Levels Of Lead"
1202:
1200:
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804:Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission
333:system to provide a reliable supply of
250:, and maintains more than 9,000 public
1369:Government of the District of Columbia
1207:Home-Douglas, Pierre (November 2004).
967:"Blue Plains Intermunicipal Agreement.
349:, which began full operation in 1864.
320:Blue Plains Wastewater Treatment Plant
257:DC Water was founded in 1996 when the
84:
1374:Public utilities of the United States
516:Blue Plains Intermunicipal Agreement,
390:Agency reorganization and name change
307:A wooden water pump on the street in
7:
1379:Water companies of the United States
1240:"Health agency covered up lead harm"
1129:"Capital Improvement Program Update"
329:commissioned the construction of an
238:The utility also provides wholesale
799:Loudoun County Sanitation Authority
80:Water authority of Washington, D.C.
1325:Brown, David (December 11, 2010).
1265:Leonnig, Carol D. (May 20, 2010).
1238:Renner, Rebecca (April 10, 2009).
995:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
851:The Washington Aqueduct: 1852-1992
462:: over 1,800 miles (2,900 km)
420:Pipes: 1,300 miles (2,100 km)
14:
1175:August, Melissa (June 8, 2004).
707:used in the Clean Rivers Project
619:tertiary (or advanced) treatment
20:
1306:Cohn, D'Vera (March 12, 2005).
1035:"Research and Technology Award"
599:Environmental Protection Agency
432:Elevated water storage tanks: 3
1:
1295:. Greenville, SC. p. A1.
1023:"Blue Plains - Final Permit."
866:"History of Our Water System"
778:used to treat the water with
687:DC Water Clean Rivers Project
376:advanced wastewater treatment
145:1385 Canal Street Southeast,
947:. Washington, D.C.: DC Water
417:Drinking water distribution
765:The story was picked up by
650:Biological Nitrogen Removal
1400:
921:. DC Water. Archived from
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465:Flow-metering stations: 22
408:Employees: 1,000 (FY 2009)
343:US Army Corps of Engineers
282:counties in Maryland, and
645:Chesapeake Bay Agreement,
613:Environmental stewardship
99:
90:
1109:. DC Water. October 2009
975:January 5, 2012, at the
722:combined sewer overflows
720:, a phenomenon known as
492:150 acres (0.61 km)
1156:. Bay Journal. May 2010
848:Ways, Harry C. (1996).
607:Safe Drinking Water Act
588:(NPDES) permit limits.
441:Public Hydrants: 9,000+
345:designed and built the
263:U.S. federal government
169:38.873250°N 77.004640°W
137:Water and sewer utility
1012:, approved 2008-07-15.
872:. 2011. Archived from
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290:counties in Virginia.
31:may be written from a
1057:"Platinum Peak Award"
705:tunnel boring machine
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665:fine bubble diffusion
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337:to the city from the
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254:in Washington, D.C.
174:38.873250; -77.004640
37:neutral point of view
1079:"Rates and Metering"
824:"2009 Annual Report"
476:Main Pumping Station
471:pumping stations: 9
357:Wastewater treatment
240:wastewater treatment
1331:The Washington Post
1312:The Washington Post
1293:The Greenville News
1271:The Washington Post
1246:. Salon Media Group
768:The Washington Post
553:Washington Aqueduct
543:Washington Aqueduct
423:Pumping Stations: 5
372:Secondary treatment
347:Washington Aqueduct
165: /
87:
33:fan's point of view
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703:Cutting head of a
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511:Board of Directors
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925:on March 17, 2015
876:on March 17, 2016
509:An eleven-member
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1134:. DC Water. 2009
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1081:. DC Water. 2009
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1059:. NACWA. 2010
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