453:
33:
46:
470:
has been found on every continent but
Antarctica, though it is less common on some continents than others. It was only added to the North American list in 1984; previous records actually referred to a different species.
444:
found apothecia only between the months of August and
December. The production of spores increased over that time period, with peak germination occurring in October and November.
1556:
1465:
1258:
556:
1323:
989:
James, Peter W.; Hawksworth, David L.; Rose, Francis (1977). "10. Lichen
Communities in the British Isles: A Preliminary Conspectus". In Seaward, M.R.D. (ed.).
1413:
1154:
990:
1452:
1232:
1271:
440:. Each spore is brown with a cell wall (called a septum) that divides it into two cells; it measures 10β15 ΞΌm x 5β8 ΞΌm. Observations in
1372:
839:
720:
1526:
649:
1551:
1546:
1067:
618:
486:
substrates. It occurs on rocks, old walls, and tree trunks, favoring nutrient-enriched areas, such as birds' perching stones.
1276:
1310:
289:
161:
397:, becoming wider at the tips β up to 1 mm (0.04 in) wide. The center of the thallus is generally covered with
292:
in 1852. It is the type species for the genus. Some mycologists assign this species (and all other members of the genus
537:
683:
Ricerche sull'autonomia dei licheni crostosi e materiali pella loro naturale ordinazione del D'r A. Prof. Massalongo
1541:
1531:
1328:
743:"Phylogenetic relationships of the Physciaceae inferred from rDNA sequence data and selected phenotypic characters"
544:
45:
797:
518:
1536:
275:
157:
1145:
868:
1521:
531:
452:
855:
Pyatt, F. Brian (Spring 1969). "Studies of the
Periodicity of Spore Discharge and Germination in Lichens".
1107:
389:, which can range in color from white to very pale gray, is typically darker in the center and very white-
356:
140:
510:
1493:
1444:
1338:
1224:
1180:
1059:
1053:
506:
1516:
32:
1377:
1302:
975:
687:
1034:
1026:
950:
911:
872:
778:
762:
514:
170:
40:
1470:
1263:
502:
1426:
1359:
1167:
1063:
835:
803:
770:
658:
1364:
1018:
942:
903:
864:
754:
1346:
378:
87:
432:(meaning that they have no thalline margin), and measure 0.3β1 mm in diameter. Each
1211:
969:
681:
1439:
1219:
709:
560:
522:
1418:
1159:
259:
fungus. It is found throughout much of the world, occurring on every continent except
1510:
1084:
570:
344:
282:. It was later assigned to a host of genera before being moved to its current genus,
204:
1038:
782:
742:
483:
1431:
1172:
802:(3rd ed.). London, UK: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green and Longmans. p. 145.
758:
577:. As it often grows in nutrient-enriched areas, it is sometimes overgrown by alien
305:
390:
1404:
1315:
1297:
1245:
1139:
578:
410:
382:
107:
1130:
479:
402:
394:
313:
260:
97:
77:
1009:
Bustinza, Florencio (OctβDec 1952). "Antibacterial
Substances from Lichens".
1206:
1193:
498:
457:
429:
425:
421:
352:
284:
117:
57:
774:
312:
species are more appropriately assigned to a separate genus. There are two
1478:
1398:
1351:
1284:
1124:
627:
526:
424:
vegetative propagules; most are covered with extensive mats of soralia.
1457:
1237:
1085:"Lichenicolous fungi from the Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands"
1030:
1022:
954:
915:
876:
766:
686:(in Italian). Verona, Italy: Dalla tipografia di A. Frizierio. p.
461:
441:
398:
386:
325:
1250:
1483:
1289:
563:, and is slow to recolonize areas where such pollution has declined.
381:
with lobed margins, a growth type known as "placodioid". It grows in
256:
67:
1101:
946:
930:
907:
1198:
451:
437:
433:
363:
401:, which are flour-like and pale to slightly yellow in color. The
1058:(Second ed.). Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons. p.
807:
1185:
1105:
832:
Lichens: An
Illustrated Guide to the British and Irish Species
869:
10.1639/0007-2745(1969)72[48:SOTPOS]2.0.CO;2
581:(green algae not incorporated into the lichen itself).
799:
A Complete
English-Latin and Latin-English Dictionary
351:, meaning "two-fold" β a reference to its two-celled
300:, but genetic analysis suggests that this would make
1388:
1114:
529:, to be active against bacterial species including
525:A, B, C. Derivatives of diploicin have been shown,
710:"Australian Physciaceae (Lichenised Ascomycota):
1083:Catalayud, V.; Atienza, V.; Barreno, E. (1995).
834:. Slough, UK: Richmond Publishing. p. 171.
998:. London, UK: Academic Press. pp. 296β413.
931:"The Bryophytes and Lichens of Calcareous Soil"
557:International Union for Conservation of Nature
8:
974:. Darlington, UK: Harrison Penney. p.
741:Helms, G.; Friedl, T.; Rambold, G. (2003).
613:
366:for "gray-haired" or "white with old age".
1102:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
428:are rare, but where they occur are black,
385:up to 6 cm (2.4 in) across. The
332:contains canesolide and buellolide, while
31:
20:
324:, which differ in the chemistry of their
1052:Bell, J.N.B.; Treshow, M., eds. (2003).
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
719:. 18 October 2011. Canberra, Australia:
589:
393:on the marginal lobes. These lobes are
1557:Taxa named by James Dickson (botanist)
894:(Dicks.) Mass. New to North America".
703:
701:
699:
697:
721:Australian Biological Resources Study
7:
1494:523204bc-cb00-47c1-b127-9d57002bb6ff
1339:947073e7-dfa6-442e-8c8c-6dfaf2834753
559:. It is impacted by the presence of
14:
890:Bratt, Charis G. (Summer 1984). "
517:, and minor or trace amounts of
497:contains the chemical compounds
420:disperses primarily by means of
44:
796:Riddle, Joseph Esmond (1843).
759:10.1080/15572536.2004.11833022
680:Massalongo, Abramo B. (1852).
555:has not been evaluated by the
1:
290:Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo
1055:Air Pollution and Plant Life
929:Watson, W. (November 1918).
478:occurs in abundance on both
16:Species of lichenized fungus
971:A Manual of British Lichens
538:Corynebacterium diphtheriae
255:is a widespread species of
1573:
519:dechloro-O-methyldiploicin
1527:Lichens described in 1785
830:Dobson, Frank S. (1979).
176:
169:
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1552:Lichens of South America
1547:Lichens of North America
650:"Species Details :
505:, plus minor amounts of
448:Habitat and distribution
532:Mycobacterium smegmatis
274:was first described by
968:Mudd, William (1861).
708:Elix, John A. (2011).
551:The overall status of
464:
182:(Dicks.) De Not., 1846
474:Unlike some lichens,
455:
242:(Dicks.) Hoffm., 1796
228:(Dicks.) Wallr., 1831
308:group, and that the
225:Patellaria canescens
196:(Dicks.) Flot., 1849
193:Diplotomma canescens
186:Catolechia canescens
1146:Diploicia canescens
1116:Diploicia canescens
892:Diploicia canescens
654:(Dicks.) A. Massal"
652:Diploicia canescens
621:Diploicia canescens
575:Arthonia diploiciae
567:Diploicia canescens
495:Diploicia canescens
468:Diploicia canescens
416:Like many lichens,
375:Diploicia canescens
272:Diploicia canescens
252:Diploicia canescens
232:Placodium canescens
214:(Dicks.) Gray, 1821
189:(Dicks.) Anzi, 1862
150:Diploicia canescens
25:Diploicia canescens
1023:10.1007/bf02984888
935:Journal of Ecology
465:
456:Close-up, showing
334:D. c. australasica
322:D. c. australasica
235:(Dicks.) DC., 1805
211:Lepidoma canescens
1542:Lichens of Europe
1532:Lichens of Africa
1504:
1503:
1360:Open Tree of Life
1108:Taxon identifiers
841:978-0-85546-316-8
659:Catalogue of Life
573:fungi, including
511:dechlorodiploicin
413:(chlorococcoid).
343:derives from the
248:
247:
243:
236:
229:
222:
215:
208:
200:Lecidea canescens
197:
190:
183:
179:Buellia canescens
132:D. canescens
1564:
1497:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1474:
1473:
1461:
1460:
1448:
1447:
1435:
1434:
1422:
1421:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1390:Lichen canescens
1381:
1380:
1368:
1367:
1355:
1354:
1342:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1319:
1318:
1316:NHMSYS0001480937
1306:
1305:
1293:
1292:
1280:
1279:
1267:
1266:
1254:
1253:
1241:
1240:
1228:
1227:
1215:
1214:
1202:
1201:
1189:
1188:
1176:
1175:
1163:
1162:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1135:
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1103:
1097:
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1080:
1074:
1073:
1049:
1043:
1042:
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997:
986:
980:
979:
965:
959:
958:
926:
920:
919:
887:
881:
880:
852:
846:
845:
827:
812:
811:
793:
787:
786:
753:(6): 1078β1099.
738:
732:
731:
729:
727:
718:
705:
692:
691:
677:
671:
670:
668:
666:
646:
640:
639:
637:
635:
615:
280:Lichen canescens
241:
234:
227:
220:
218:Lichen canescens
213:
202:
195:
188:
181:
152:
49:
48:
35:
21:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1537:Lichens of Asia
1507:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1477:
1469:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1443:
1438:
1430:
1425:
1417:
1412:
1403:
1402:
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1384:
1376:
1371:
1363:
1358:
1350:
1347:Observation.org
1345:
1337:
1335:
1327:
1322:
1314:
1309:
1301:
1296:
1288:
1283:
1275:
1270:
1262:
1257:
1249:
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1236:
1231:
1223:
1218:
1210:
1205:
1197:
1192:
1184:
1179:
1171:
1166:
1158:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1110:
1100:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1011:Economic Botany
1008:
1007:
1003:
995:
988:
987:
983:
967:
966:
962:
947:10.2307/2255303
928:
927:
923:
908:10.2307/3243125
889:
888:
884:
854:
853:
849:
842:
829:
828:
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739:
735:
725:
723:
716:
707:
706:
695:
679:
678:
674:
664:
662:
648:
647:
643:
633:
631:
617:
616:
591:
587:
569:is attacked by
545:M. tuberculosis
523:secalonic acids
507:chloroatranorin
492:
450:
436:contains eight
379:crustose lichen
372:
339:The genus name
330:D. c. canescens
318:D. c. canescens
296:) to the genus
269:
239:Psora canescens
237:
230:
223:
216:
209:
198:
191:
184:
165:
154:
148:
135:
88:Lecanoromycetes
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1570:
1568:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1522:Lichen species
1519:
1509:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1475:
1462:
1449:
1436:
1423:
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1386:
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1382:
1369:
1356:
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1320:
1307:
1294:
1281:
1268:
1255:
1242:
1229:
1216:
1203:
1190:
1177:
1164:
1151:
1136:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1075:
1068:
1044:
1017:(4): 402β406.
1001:
992:Lichen Ecology
981:
960:
941:(3): 189β198.
921:
902:(2): 160β161.
896:The Bryologist
882:
857:The Bryologist
847:
840:
813:
788:
733:
693:
672:
641:
588:
586:
583:
561:sulfur dioxide
491:
488:
449:
446:
371:
368:
268:
265:
246:
245:
174:
173:
167:
166:
155:
144:
143:
137:
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129:
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100:
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55:
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50:
37:
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15:
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10:
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1213:
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1113:
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1094:
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1071:
1069:0-471-49091-1
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993:
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837:
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826:
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805:
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792:
789:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
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748:
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737:
734:
722:
715:
713:
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702:
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694:
689:
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661:
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629:
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614:
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608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
590:
584:
582:
580:
576:
572:
571:lichenicolous
568:
564:
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
546:
541:
539:
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533:
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524:
520:
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412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
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388:
384:
380:
376:
369:
367:
365:
361:
358:
357:specific name
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:
281:
277:
276:James Dickson
273:
266:
264:
262:
258:
254:
253:
244:
240:
233:
226:
219:
212:
206:
201:
194:
187:
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172:
168:
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159:
153:
151:
145:
142:
141:Binomial name
138:
134:
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128:
125:
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109:
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62:
59:
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34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1389:
1115:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1054:
1047:
1014:
1010:
1004:
991:
984:
970:
963:
938:
934:
924:
899:
895:
891:
885:
863:(1): 48β53.
860:
856:
850:
831:
798:
791:
750:
746:
736:
724:. Retrieved
711:
682:
675:
663:. Retrieved
657:
651:
644:
632:. Retrieved
626:
620:
574:
566:
565:
553:D. canescens
552:
550:
543:
536:
530:
494:
493:
476:D. canescens
475:
473:
467:
466:
418:D. canescens
417:
415:
407:D. canescens
406:
374:
373:
359:
348:
340:
338:
333:
329:
321:
317:
309:
306:polyphyletic
301:
297:
293:
283:
279:
271:
270:
251:
250:
249:
238:
231:
224:
221:Dicks., 1785
217:
210:
199:
192:
185:
178:
177:
149:
147:
131:
130:
118:
24:
18:
1298:NatureServe
1246:iNaturalist
1140:Wikispecies
726:21 February
665:21 February
634:21 February
579:green algae
515:isofulgidin
411:green algae
370:Description
278:in 1785 as
108:Caliciaceae
1517:Caliciales
1511:Categories
1095:: 363β382.
585:References
480:calcareous
403:photobiont
353:ascospores
336:does not.
314:subspecies
302:Diplotomma
298:Diplotomma
261:Antarctica
257:lichenized
98:Caliciales
78:Ascomycota
74:Division:
1414:AusLichen
1405:Q59498208
1207:FloraBase
1155:AusLichen
1089:Mycotaxon
747:Mycologia
712:Diploicia
503:diploicin
499:atranorin
484:siliceous
458:apothecia
430:lecideine
426:Apothecia
422:symbiotic
360:canescens
341:Diploicia
310:Diploicia
294:Diploicia
285:Diploicia
203:(Dicks.)
162:A.Massal.
126:Species:
119:Diploicia
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
1479:MycoBank
1471:10395214
1440:Fungorum
1419:30021799
1399:Wikidata
1303:2.124470
1285:MycoBank
1264:10645522
1220:Fungorum
1160:30017441
1131:Q3028994
1125:Wikidata
1039:39335883
808:36002746
783:15727554
775:21149015
628:MycoBank
527:in vitro
391:pruinose
383:rosettes
267:Taxonomy
171:Synonyms
104:Family:
54:Domain:
1458:2609246
1238:2609244
1031:4252098
955:2255303
916:3243125
877:3241356
767:3761914
540:(mitis)
490:Ecology
462:soralia
442:Ireland
399:soralia
387:thallus
349:diploos
326:thallus
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
1491:NZOR:
1484:393807
1445:393807
1378:DICA21
1373:PLANTS
1365:801935
1336:NZOR:
1329:144695
1290:118802
1277:190989
1251:218522
1225:118802
1199:DPLCCA
1186:133465
1066:
1037:
1029:
953:
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781:
773:
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542:, and
438:spores
395:convex
355:. The
207:, 1803
164:, 1852
158:Dicks.
1466:IRMNG
1432:727V6
1352:18502
1259:IRMNG
1212:27714
1173:6CXS9
1035:S2CID
1027:JSTOR
996:(PDF)
951:JSTOR
912:JSTOR
873:JSTOR
779:S2CID
763:JSTOR
717:(PDF)
434:ascus
409:is a
377:is a
364:Latin
347:word
345:Greek
288:, by
68:Fungi
1453:GBIF
1324:NCBI
1272:ITIS
1233:GBIF
1194:EPPO
1064:ISBN
836:ISBN
804:LCCN
771:PMID
728:2017
667:2017
636:2017
521:and
501:and
482:and
460:and
320:and
205:Ach.
1427:CoL
1311:NBN
1181:EoL
1168:CoL
1060:332
1019:doi
976:169
943:doi
904:doi
865:doi
755:doi
405:of
362:is
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