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95:. The findings were surprising: the vast majority of the Jews applying to visas were not educated professionals but sales clerks and people of minor trades. In 1972, of about 29,000 emigrants, only 13.5% had university diplomas, and only 30 persons had
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on would-be emigrants who received a higher education there. It was introduced in August 1972. The professed justification for the tax was to repay state expenses for public education, but the measure was designed to combat the
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was against the repeal and argued that it would look like a sign of weakness. The same day, it was eventually announced that the diploma tax would remain "in the books" but would not be enforced.
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Brezhnev, demonstrating his knowledge of the internal works of the
American politics, mentioned Jackson-Vanik when he argued the repeal of the tax, apparently trying to prevent the amendment.
156:Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР от 3 августа 1972 года «О возмещении гражданами СССР, выезжающими на постоянное жительство за границу, государственных затрат на обучение» ,
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ordered the KGB to study the Jewish emigration to make a decision on the issue of the diploma tax. The report was presented to
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Under the international pressure, the Soviet government abolished the tax. The declassified
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on March 20, 1973, just before the introduction of the
Jackson-Vanik Amendment in the
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179:"Declassified KGB Study Illuminates Early Years of Soviet Jewish Emigration"
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issued a public statement that condemned it as a "massive violation of
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is an informal reference to the one-time payment imposed in the
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Chapter 26: Налог на образование и Поправка Джексона-Ваника
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archives recount the process leading up to the decision.
197:«А кого мы не хотим выпускать, мы не должны выпускать»
51:The development caused international protests, 21
48:(an average monthly salary was 130–150 roubles).
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272:Jews and Judaism in the Soviet Union
16:Exit tax imposed by the Soviet Union
65:It is believed that item 3 of the
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34:growing emigration of Soviet Jews
158:Ведомости Верховного Совета СССР
1:
262:Education in the Soviet Union
267:Politics of the Soviet Union
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282:1972 in the Soviet Union
67:Jackson–Vanik amendment
42:Moscow State University
160:, 1972, no. 52, p. 519
69:addressed the issue.
111:or higher) degree.
44:had to pay 12,200
211:"СПИСОК БРЕЖНЕВА"
181:, Sana Krasikov,
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277:Soviet emigrants
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229:Yuli Kosharovsky
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138:Reich Flight Tax
133:Expatriation tax
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240:Мы снова евреи
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184:The Forward
104:doktor nauk
93:US Congress
73:Abolishment
30:brain drain
21:diploma tax
256:Categories
242:, vol. 2,
144:References
122:See also
46:roubles
36:to the
236:]
109:Ph.D.
38:West
19:The
101:or
79:KGB
62:."
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238:,
234:ru
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203:^
165:^
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