597:
615:, which is brown with a reddish-brown throat patch. Sizes range from 14–22 cm (5.5–8.7 in) in length and 40–90 g (1.4–3.2 oz) in weight, with males larger than females. Their short wings give them a distinctive whirring flight. They have a characteristic bobbing motion when perched beside the water, giving them their name. While under water, they are covered by a thin, silvery film of air, due to small bubbles being trapped on the surface of the plumage.
74:
791:
49:
200:
761:
young which are brooded by the female alone for the next 12 to 13 days. The nestlings are fed by both parents and the whole fledging period is about 20–24 days. Young dippers usually become independent of their parents within a couple of weeks of leaving the nest. Dippers may raise second broods if
700:
for small animal prey in and along the margins of fast-flowing freshwater streams and rivers. They perch on rocks and feed at the edge of the water, but they often also grip the rocks firmly and walk down them beneath the water until partly or wholly submerged. They then search underwater for prey
655:
for waterproofing their feathers. Relatively long legs and sharp claws enable them to hold on to rocks in swift water. Their eyes have well-developed focus muscles that can change the curvature of the lens to enhance underwater vision. They have nasal flaps to prevent water entering their nostrils.
782:, well above the torrent noise frequency of maximum 2 kHz. Dippers also communicate visually by their characteristic dipping or bobbing movements, as well as by blinking rapidly to expose the white feathers on their upper eyelids as a series of white flashes in courtship and threat displays.
745:
Linear breeding territories are established by pairs of dippers along suitable rivers, and maintained against incursion by other dippers. Within their territory the pair must have a good nest site and roost sites, but the main factor affecting the length of the territory is the availability of
756:
The usual clutch-size of the three northern dipper species is four or five; those of the South
American species is not well known, though some evidence suggests that of the rufous-throated dipper is two. The incubation period of 16 or 17 days is followed by the hatching of
647:), but they do have some morphological and physiological adaptations to their aquatic habits. They have evolved solid bones to reduce their buoyancy, and their wings are relatively short but strongly muscled, enabling them to be used as flippers underwater. The
753:, with an internal cup of grass and rootlets, and a side entrance hole. They are often built in confined spaces over, or close to, running water. The site may be on a ledge or bank, in a crevice or drainpipe, or beneath a bridge. Tree sites are rare.
611:
Dippers are small, chunky, stout, short-tailed, short-winged, strong-legged birds. The different species are generally dark brown (sometimes nearly black), or brown and white in colour, apart from the
766:
data of a white-throated dipper is 10 years and 7 months for a bird ringed in
Finland. The maximum age for an American dipper is 8 years and 1 month for a bird ringed and recovered in South Dakota.
701:
between and beneath stones and debris; they can also swim with their wings. The two South
American species swim and dive less often than the three northern ones. Their prey consists primarily of
798:
Dippers are completely dependent on fast-flowing rivers with clear water, accessible food and secure nest-sites. They may be threatened by anything that affects these needs such as
746:
sufficient food to feed themselves and their broods. Consequently, the length of a territory may vary from about 300 metres (1,000 feet) to over 2,500 metres (8,200 feet).
1525:
584:
as are the South
American white-capped dipper and rufous-throated dipper. The study also showed that the dipper family, Cinclidae, is most closely related to the
1473:
5666:
635:. They inhabit the banks of fast-moving upland rivers with cold, clear waters, though, outside the breeding season, they may visit lake shores and sea coasts.
5614:
853:
were paid for killing dippers because of a misguided perception that they were detrimental to fish stocks through predation on the eggs and fry of
5640:
1155:
1533:
1082:
993:
675:
is approximately one-third slower than typical terrestrial passerines of similar mass. One small population wintering at a hot spring in
1571:
1468:
868:
because of its small, fragmented and declining population which is threatened, especially in
Argentina, by changes in river management.
1513:
1126:
5705:
5645:
5653:
1347:
643:
Unlike many water birds, dippers are generally similar in form to many terrestrial birds (for example, they do not have
5575:
5562:
944:
467:
169:
504:
Cinclidae. The white-throated dipper and
American dipper are also known in Britain and America, respectively, as the
5671:
1043:
5606:
1016:
73:
596:
950:
Deutsche Fauna, oder, Kurzgefasste
Naturgeschichte der Thiere Deutschlands. Erster Theil, Saugthiere und Vögel
1231:
Ormerod, S.; Tyler, S. (2020). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.).
2845:
1564:
1021:
860:
Despite threats to local populations, the conservation status of most dipper species is considered to be of
31:
5515:
885:
671:
greater than that of other birds, allowing them to remain underwater for 30 seconds or more, whilst their
612:
573:
563:
374:
774:
Dippers' calls are loud and high-pitched, being similar to calls made by other birds on fast rivers; the
5692:
600:
530:
508:(sometimes spelt "ousel") – ouzel originally meant the only distantly related but superficially similar
471:
291:
186:
5580:
5710:
1443:
J., Martens; Geduldig, G. (1990). "Acoustic adaptations of birds living close to
Himalayan torrents".
3022:
2007:
1530:
676:
672:
513:
150:
3802:
4125:
3630:
3432:
803:
555:
359:
837:
race of the white-throated dipper is extinct. In the Atlas
Mountains dippers are claimed to have
5733:
4363:
2808:
2675:
2499:
1557:
1328:
1250:
1213:
865:
644:
68:
5697:
3871:
2888:
2774:
1549:
3719:
2249:
5679:
5588:
4908:
4809:
3763:
2980:
1509:
1205:
1122:
1078:
989:
823:
1421:
1378:"First description of the nest and eggs of the red-throated dipper in northwestern Argentina"
1029:
5738:
5684:
4571:
2966:
1320:
1289:
1242:
1197:
926:
790:
509:
501:
913:
Voelker, Gary (2002). "Molecular phylogenetics and the historical biogeography of dippers (
5468:
4282:
3952:
3078:
2817:
2380:
2190:
1537:
1497:
1399:
850:
799:
775:
706:
628:
547:
337:
56:
1459:
627:
in the highlands of the
Americas, Europe and Asia. In Africa they are only found in the
5601:
5248:
5199:
4989:
4894:
4714:
4606:
4499:
4454:
4426:
3918:
3637:
3621:
3514:
3186:
2783:
2071:
2060:
48:
5727:
5553:
5461:
5433:
5302:
5266:
5157:
5101:
5073:
5059:
4647:
4624:
4536:
4412:
4384:
4311:
4291:
4167:
3973:
3887:
3784:
3370:
3363:
3321:
3314:
3071:
3015:
2973:
2754:
2648:
2606:
2521:
2450:
2443:
2371:
2351:
2297:
2259:
2120:
2080:
1915:
1839:
1814:
1666:
1501:
1377:
1293:
1254:
930:
861:
585:
577:
487:
261:
135:
1332:
973:. Vol. 9. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 374.
5419:
5396:
5364:
5350:
5336:
5255:
5241:
5108:
5094:
5087:
5029:
4998:
4971:
4943:
4936:
4885:
4860:
4737:
4675:
4550:
4543:
4440:
4433:
4419:
4302:
4262:
4097:
4090:
4067:
4035:
3880:
3825:
3749:
3699:
3692:
3676:
3658:
3535:
3473:
3384:
3269:
3227:
3144:
2959:
2790:
2765:
2747:
2726:
2705:
2666:
2485:
2457:
2401:
2387:
2320:
2179:
2140:
1924:
1860:
1786:
1779:
1765:
1751:
1717:
1217:
763:
702:
581:
539:
479:
306:
178:
5593:
1543:
450:, so-called because of their bobbing or dipping movements. They are unique among
1156:"Country diary: it looks like a songbird, but the dipper is aquatic to its bones"
1010:
5658:
5627:
5547:
5489:
5405:
5371:
5206:
5178:
5150:
5009:
4964:
4901:
4867:
4769:
4751:
4703:
4661:
4654:
4633:
4599:
4592:
4488:
4481:
4461:
4398:
4377:
4237:
4230:
4188:
4118:
4104:
3987:
3929:
3909:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3742:
3450:
3283:
3255:
3193:
3172:
3092:
3085:
2950:
2925:
2852:
2740:
2712:
2684:
2641:
2570:
2492:
2478:
2436:
2429:
2415:
2408:
2228:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2172:
2032:
1996:
1956:
1890:
1849:
1772:
1758:
1645:
968:
948:
838:
726:
660:
652:
5567:
737:
are also consumed, especially in winter when insect larvae are less available.
5440:
5412:
5322:
5313:
5275:
5213:
5192:
5143:
5122:
5066:
5052:
5038:
4957:
4915:
4744:
4730:
4668:
4508:
4370:
4339:
4271:
4244:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4146:
4083:
4007:
3980:
3959:
3945:
3791:
3756:
3685:
3644:
3609:
3549:
3521:
3487:
3439:
3398:
3377:
3356:
3342:
3307:
3220:
3203:
3179:
3158:
3113:
3036:
3008:
2987:
2904:
2866:
2831:
2733:
2691:
2530:
2471:
2464:
2360:
2313:
2306:
2270:
2149:
2129:
2089:
1976:
1945:
1931:
1828:
1821:
1737:
1687:
1676:
1047:
964:
734:
722:
520:
5538:
683:
feeds underwater when air temperatures drop below −55 °C (−67 °F).
580:
genes. It found that the Eurasian white-throated dipper and brown dipper are
5482:
5378:
5286:
5185:
5080:
4950:
4929:
4825:
4789:
4758:
4723:
4696:
4682:
4640:
4613:
4578:
4564:
4557:
4318:
4216:
4139:
4132:
4111:
4056:
4049:
4021:
3998:
3938:
3818:
3710:
3651:
3556:
3542:
3466:
3335:
3300:
3293:
3276:
3241:
3135:
3120:
3064:
3050:
3029:
2939:
2859:
2824:
2797:
2719:
2655:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2550:
2394:
2286:
2053:
2044:
1897:
1881:
1870:
1800:
1744:
1633:
1618:
1581:
1201:
819:
807:
758:
718:
494:
that was used to describe small tail-wagging birds that resided near water.
451:
125:
85:
1246:
1209:
199:
1266:
The text is identical to Volume 10 of the print edition published in 2005.
5532:
5454:
5357:
5343:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5164:
5129:
5115:
5018:
4978:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4689:
4529:
4472:
4346:
4332:
4325:
4181:
4174:
4160:
4028:
3966:
3770:
3735:
3665:
3577:
3507:
3498:
3459:
3416:
3262:
3248:
3151:
3106:
3099:
3057:
3043:
3001:
2994:
2897:
2838:
2698:
2579:
2539:
2506:
2422:
2331:
2163:
1708:
1655:
1600:
854:
842:
105:
519:). Ouzel also survives as the name of a relative of the blackbird, the
5619:
5385:
5329:
5295:
5136:
5045:
4922:
4874:
4818:
4798:
4778:
4447:
4391:
4353:
4251:
3894:
3811:
3777:
3563:
3405:
3391:
3349:
3234:
3165:
2932:
2918:
2911:
2873:
2599:
2590:
2559:
2279:
2100:
1938:
1807:
1728:
1697:
1612:
1184:
Goodge, W.R. (1960). "Adaptations for amphibious vision in the Dipper (
846:
830:
811:
730:
680:
648:
632:
624:
17:
5475:
5426:
4405:
4223:
4153:
4076:
4014:
3728:
3570:
3528:
3480:
3328:
3210:
1594:
1324:
834:
714:
697:
668:
95:
5632:
5509:
953:(in German). Frankfurt am Main: Varrentrapp und Wenner. p. 300.
1276:
Murrish, David E. (1970). "Responses to temperature in the dipper,
864:. The one exception, the rufous-throated dipper, is classified as
5447:
4585:
4522:
4515:
4042:
2634:
2340:
2109:
1904:
1793:
1606:
789:
710:
664:
595:
1233:
5171:
750:
749:
Dipper nests are usually large, round, domed structures made of
443:
115:
5513:
3607:
2030:
1631:
1553:
1348:"The Yungas of Argentina: in search of Rufous-throated Dippers
794:
The rufous-throated dipper is considered Vulnerable by the IUCN
815:
779:
833:
or otherwise persecuted by humans for various reasons. The
1077:(4th ed.). London: British Museum Natural History.
576:
study of the dippers looked at the DNA sequences of two
1540:
in nature photographer Janne Heimonen's photo gallery
4359:
3428:
3289:
3216:
3199:
2255:
2245:
2160:
1447:. Bonn: Current Topics Avian Biol. pp. 123–131.
5522:
5395:
5312:
5285:
5265:
5028:
5008:
4988:
4884:
4808:
4788:
4768:
4713:
4623:
4498:
4471:
4301:
4281:
4261:
4066:
3997:
3928:
3908:
3870:
3801:
3718:
3709:
3675:
3620:
3497:
3449:
3415:
3134:
2949:
2887:
2807:
2773:
2764:
2674:
2665:
2589:
2569:
2549:
2529:
2520:
2370:
2350:
2330:
2296:
2269:
2236:
2227:
2189:
2159:
2139:
2119:
2099:
2079:
2070:
2043:
1995:
1975:
1955:
1914:
1880:
1859:
1838:
1727:
1707:
1686:
1665:
1644:
1311:) overwintering at −65°C in Northeastern Siberia".
1232:
1141:Robbins, C.S.; Bruun, B.; & Zim, H.S. (1966).
1009:
1117:Tyler, Stephanie J.; Ormerod, Stephen J. (1994).
1307:Dinets, V.; Sanchez, M. (2017). "Brown Dippers (
762:conditions allow. The maximum recorded age from
454:for their ability to dive and swim underwater.
1474:International Union for Conservation of Nature
988:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 107.
1565:
1376:Salvador, S.; Narosky, S.; Fraga, R. (1986).
1179:
1177:
1048:"Dippers, leafbirds, flowerpeckers, sunbirds"
8:
814:. River regulation through the creation of
778:lying within a narrow range of 4.0–6.5
1422:"Longevity Records of North American Birds"
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
849:, until the beginning of the 20th century,
5510:
3715:
3617:
3604:
3421:
2770:
2671:
2526:
2233:
2076:
2040:
2027:
1641:
1628:
1572:
1558:
1550:
826:, can degrade and destroy dipper habitat.
198:
47:
38:
908:
906:
623:Dippers are found in suitable freshwater
1239:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
986:Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
729:, as well as small fish and fish eggs.
466:was introduced by the German naturalist
1282:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
1145:. Western Publishing Company: New York.
877:
967:; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1960).
1054:. International Ornithologists' Union
7:
5607:55d3a336-f623-400a-9d41-c0de4dabec5e
1030:participating institution membership
1469:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
352:
330:
284:
277:
254:
247:
25:
1424:. United States Geological Survey
892:. The Trust for Avian Systematics
526:The genus contains five species:
1075:Popular Handbook of Indian Birds
970:Check-list of Birds of the World
931:10.1046/j.1474-919X.2002.00084.x
72:
1546:on the Internet Bird Collection
1458:BirdLife International (2017).
1046:; Donsker, David, eds. (2019).
667:gives them a capacity to store
1:
1313:Wilson Journal of Ornithology
1400:"European Longevity Records"
1294:10.1016/0010-406X(70)91009-1
236: Rufous-throated dipper
1445:Proc. Int. 100 DO-G Meeting
1052:World Bird List Version 9.1
829:Dippers are also sometimes
468:Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen
212: White-throated dipper
5755:
984:Jobling, James A. (2010).
29:
3616:
3603:
3424:
2039:
2026:
1640:
1627:
1589:
1017:Oxford English Dictionary
841:properties. In parts of
500:is the only genus in the
436:are members of the genus
427:Phylogeny of the dippers
372:
357:
350:
335:
328:
304:
289:
282:
275:
259:
252:
230: White-capped dipper
206:
197:
184:
177:
69:Scientific classification
67:
55:
46:
41:
1584:and their extinct allies
1460:"Rufous-throated Dipper
677:Suntar-Khayata Mountains
619:Distribution and habitat
1202:10.1002/jmor.1051070106
1073:Whistler, Hugh (2007).
1022:Oxford University Press
663:concentration in their
651:is dense, with a large
32:Dipper (disambiguation)
1247:10.2173/bow.cincli1.01
1143:Birds of North America
795:
613:rufous-throated dipper
608:
574:molecular phylogenetic
564:Rufous-throated dipper
375:rufous-throated dipper
5693:Paleobiology Database
1234:"Dippers (Cinclidae)"
1190:Journal of Morphology
793:
601:White-throated dipper
599:
559:Cinclus leucocephalus
531:White-throated dipper
472:white-throated dipper
292:white-throated dipper
224: American dipper
5602:Fauna Europaea (new)
1346:Tyler, S.J. (1994).
890:aviansystematics.org
673:basal metabolic rate
533:or European dipper,
30:For other uses, see
1502:Ormerod, Stephen J.
1498:Tyler, Stephanie J.
1160:www.theguardian.com
1020:(Online ed.).
556:White-capped dipper
360:white-capped dipper
187:Cinclus hydrophilus
1536:2012-03-04 at the
1121:. London: Poyser.
796:
609:
510:Eurasian blackbird
218: Brown dipper
5721:
5720:
5680:Open Tree of Life
5516:Taxon identifiers
5507:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5498:
4810:Paradoxornithidae
3904:
3903:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3130:
3129:
2883:
2882:
2516:
2515:
2223:
2222:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2017:
1508:(Poyser, London)
1278:Cinclus mexicanus
1241:. Lynx Edicions.
1186:Cinclus mexicanus
1084:978-1-4067-4576-4
1028:(Subscription or
995:978-1-4081-2501-4
551:Cinclus mexicanus
470:in 1797 with the
431:
430:
421:
420:
412:
411:
403:
402:
394:
393:
385:
384:
317:
316:
241:
240:
207:Distribution map
173:
154:
61:Cinclus mexicanus
16:(Redirected from
5746:
5714:
5713:
5701:
5700:
5688:
5687:
5675:
5674:
5662:
5661:
5659:NHMSYS0000530288
5649:
5648:
5636:
5635:
5623:
5622:
5610:
5609:
5597:
5596:
5584:
5583:
5571:
5570:
5558:
5557:
5556:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5511:
4361:
3716:
3618:
3605:
3430:
3422:
3291:
3218:
3201:
2771:
2672:
2527:
2257:
2247:
2234:
2162:
2077:
2041:
2028:
1642:
1629:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1551:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1462:Cinclus schulzii
1455:
1449:
1448:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1325:10.1676/16-071.1
1304:
1298:
1297:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1236:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1181:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1152:
1146:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1114:
1089:
1088:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1013:
1006:
1000:
999:
981:
975:
974:
961:
955:
954:
941:
935:
934:
910:
901:
900:
898:
897:
882:
776:call frequencies
567:Cinclus schulzii
543:Cinclus pallasii
353:
331:
285:
278:
255:
248:
243:
242:
235:
229:
223:
217:
211:
202:
192:Borkhausen, 1797
168:
149:
77:
76:
51:
39:
21:
5754:
5753:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5717:
5709:
5704:
5696:
5691:
5683:
5678:
5670:
5665:
5657:
5652:
5644:
5639:
5631:
5626:
5618:
5613:
5605:
5600:
5592:
5587:
5579:
5574:
5566:
5561:
5552:
5551:
5546:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5518:
5508:
5495:
5469:Tephrozosterops
5391:
5308:
5281:
5261:
5024:
5004:
4984:
4880:
4804:
4784:
4764:
4709:
4619:
4494:
4467:
4297:
4283:Erythrocercidae
4277:
4257:
4062:
3993:
3953:Cryptosylvicola
3924:
3900:
3866:
3797:
3705:
3671:
3612:
3583:
3493:
3445:
3411:
3126:
2945:
2879:
2803:
2760:
2661:
2585:
2565:
2545:
2512:
2381:Campylorhynchus
2366:
2346:
2326:
2292:
2265:
2219:
2191:Ptiliogonatidae
2185:
2155:
2135:
2115:
2095:
2066:
2035:
2014:
1991:
1971:
1951:
1910:
1876:
1855:
1834:
1723:
1703:
1682:
1661:
1636:
1623:
1585:
1578:
1538:Wayback Machine
1531:Dipper pictures
1522:
1494:
1492:Further reading
1489:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1354:
1350:Cinclus schulzi
1345:
1344:
1340:
1309:Cinclus pallasi
1306:
1305:
1301:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1259:
1257:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1165:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1116:
1115:
1092:
1085:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1008:
1007:
1003:
996:
983:
982:
978:
963:
962:
958:
943:
942:
938:
912:
911:
904:
895:
893:
884:
883:
879:
874:
800:water pollution
788:
772:
743:
694:
689:
641:
629:Atlas Mountains
621:
594:
548:American dipper
535:Cinclus cinclus
476:Cinclus cinclus
460:
422:
413:
404:
395:
386:
338:American dipper
318:
237:
233:
231:
227:
225:
221:
219:
215:
213:
209:
193:
190:
167:
148:
71:
57:American dipper
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5752:
5750:
5742:
5741:
5736:
5726:
5725:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5702:
5689:
5676:
5663:
5650:
5637:
5624:
5611:
5598:
5585:
5572:
5559:
5544:
5528:
5526:
5520:
5519:
5514:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5486:
5479:
5472:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5437:
5430:
5423:
5416:
5409:
5401:
5399:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5382:
5375:
5368:
5361:
5354:
5347:
5340:
5333:
5326:
5318:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5299:
5291:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5271:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5252:
5249:Thescelocichla
5245:
5238:
5231:
5224:
5217:
5210:
5203:
5200:Phyllastrephus
5196:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5126:
5119:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5049:
5042:
5034:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5014:
5012:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4994:
4992:
4990:Phylloscopidae
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4933:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4898:
4895:Gampsorhynchus
4890:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4814:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4794:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4774:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4719:
4717:
4715:Macrosphenidae
4711:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4644:
4637:
4629:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4610:
4607:Trochalopteron
4603:
4596:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4504:
4502:
4500:Leiothrichidae
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4485:
4477:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4458:
4455:Stelgidopteryx
4451:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4427:Pseudochelidon
4423:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4307:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4287:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4267:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4072:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4003:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3934:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3914:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3876:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3807:
3805:
3803:Certhilaudinae
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3724:
3722:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3681:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3638:Calamonastides
3634:
3626:
3624:
3622:Acrocephalidae
3614:
3613:
3608:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3515:Chlamydochaera
3511:
3503:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3455:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3436:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3214:
3207:
3197:
3190:
3187:Cinnyricinclus
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3140:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2955:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2813:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2779:
2777:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2680:
2678:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2575:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2555:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2535:
2533:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2376:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2356:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2302:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2275:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2253:
2242:
2240:
2238:incertae sedis
2231:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2195:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2168:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2145:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2125:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2085:
2083:
2074:
2072:Bombycilloidea
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2057:
2049:
2047:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1920:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1886:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1864:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1845:
1843:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1713:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1693:
1691:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1670:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1649:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1541:
1528:
1526:ITIS – Cinclus
1521:
1520:External links
1518:
1517:
1516:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1450:
1435:
1413:
1391:
1368:
1338:
1319:(2): 397–400.
1299:
1288:(4): 859–869.
1268:
1223:
1173:
1162:. 7 April 2018
1147:
1134:
1127:
1090:
1083:
1065:
1035:
1001:
994:
976:
956:
936:
925:(4): 577–584.
902:
876:
875:
873:
870:
824:channelization
787:
784:
771:
768:
742:
739:
693:
690:
688:
685:
640:
637:
620:
617:
593:
590:
582:sister species
570:
569:
561:
553:
545:
537:
459:
456:
429:
428:
424:
423:
419:
418:
415:
414:
410:
409:
406:
405:
401:
400:
397:
396:
392:
391:
388:
387:
383:
382:
379:
378:
371:
368:
367:
364:
363:
356:
351:
349:
346:
345:
342:
341:
334:
329:
327:
324:
323:
320:
319:
315:
314:
311:
310:
303:
300:
299:
296:
295:
288:
283:
281:
276:
274:
270:
269:
266:
265:
258:
253:
251:
246:
239:
238:
232:
226:
220:
214:
208:
204:
203:
195:
194:
191:
182:
181:
175:
174:
160:
156:
155:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
65:
64:
53:
52:
44:
43:
27:Genus of birds
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5751:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5712:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5564:
5560:
5555:
5549:
5545:
5540:
5534:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5512:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5462:Sterrhoptilus
5459:
5457:
5456:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5434:Megazosterops
5431:
5429:
5428:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5267:Scotocercidae
5264:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5102:Calyptocichla
5099:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5074:Arizelocichla
5071:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5060:Altimastillas
5057:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4892:
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4648:Cincloramphus
4645:
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4642:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4631:
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4628:
4626:
4625:Locustellidae
4622:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4609:
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4601:
4597:
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4537:Grammatoptila
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4413:Psalidoprocne
4410:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4389:
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4385:Petrochelidon
4382:
4380:
4379:
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4330:
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4312:Alopochelidon
4309:
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4300:
4294:
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4292:Erythrocercus
4289:
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4280:
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4264:
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4168:Micromacronus
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3888:Heteromirafra
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3808:
3806:
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3800:
3794:
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3785:Melanocorypha
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3437:
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3433:Meridiocichla
3427:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3408:
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3401:
3400:
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3371:Speculipastor
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3364:Scissirostrum
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3333:
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3326:
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3319:
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3315:Onychognathus
3312:
3310:
3309:
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3298:
3296:
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3288:
3286:
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3072:Myrmecocichla
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3059:
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3016:Heteroxenicus
3013:
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3006:
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2999:
2997:
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2992:
2990:
2989:
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2974:Campicoloides
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2755:Xenocopsychus
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2522:Muscicapoidea
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2372:Troglodytidae
2369:
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2298:Polioptilidae
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2260:Kischinskinia
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2138:
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2121:Hylocitreidae
2118:
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2111:
2107:
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2098:
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2081:Bombycillidae
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862:least concern
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839:aphrodisiacal
836:
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822:, as well as
821:
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804:acidification
801:
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770:Communication
769:
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294:
293:
287:
286:
280:
279:
272:
271:
268:
267:
264:
263:
257:
256:
250:
249:
245:
244:
205:
201:
196:
189:
188:
183:
180:
176:
171:
166:
165:
161:
158:
157:
152:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
136:Muscicapoidea
134:
132:Superfamily:
131:
130:
127:
126:Passeriformes
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
75:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5523:
5488:
5481:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5425:
5420:Dasycrotapha
5418:
5411:
5404:
5397:Zosteropidae
5384:
5377:
5370:
5365:Pomatorhinus
5363:
5356:
5351:Melanocichla
5349:
5342:
5337:Erythrogenys
5335:
5328:
5321:
5301:
5294:
5274:
5256:Tricholestes
5254:
5247:
5242:Stelgidillas
5240:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5198:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5135:
5128:
5121:
5114:
5109:Chlorocichla
5107:
5100:
5095:Brachypodius
5093:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5030:Pycnonotidae
5017:
4999:Phylloscopus
4997:
4977:
4972:Schoeniparus
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4944:Malacopteron
4942:
4937:Malacocincla
4935:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4886:Pellorneidae
4873:
4866:
4861:Paradoxornis
4859:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4797:
4777:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4738:Macrosphenus
4736:
4729:
4722:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4660:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4551:Ianthocincla
4549:
4544:Heterophasia
4542:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4487:
4480:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4441:Pygochelidon
4439:
4434:Ptyonoprogne
4432:
4425:
4420:Pseudhirundo
4418:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4303:Hirundinidae
4290:
4270:
4263:Donacobiidae
4250:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4098:Calamonastes
4096:
4091:Bathmocercus
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:Cisticolidae
4055:
4048:
4041:
4036:Phyllergates
4034:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3917:
3893:
3886:
3881:Calendulauda
3879:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3826:Ammomanopsis
3824:
3817:
3810:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3750:Chersophilus
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3700:Psaltriparus
3698:
3693:Leptopoecile
3691:
3684:
3677:Aegithalidae
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3631:Acrocephalus
3629:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3536:Entomodestes
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3486:
3479:
3474:Neocossyphus
3472:
3465:
3458:
3438:
3431:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3385:Streptocitta
3383:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3282:
3275:
3270:Lamprotornis
3268:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3228:Goodfellowia
3226:
3219:
3209:
3202:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3145:Acridotheres
3143:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2960:Brachypteryx
2958:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2796:
2791:Cercotrichas
2789:
2782:
2766:Muscicapinae
2753:
2748:Swynnertonia
2746:
2739:
2732:
2727:Pogonocichla
2725:
2718:
2711:
2706:Cossyphicula
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2667:Muscicapidae
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2578:
2558:
2538:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2486:Thryorchilus
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2458:Pheugopedius
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2402:Cinnycerthia
2400:
2393:
2388:Cantorchilus
2386:
2379:
2359:
2339:
2321:Ramphocaenus
2319:
2312:
2305:
2285:
2278:
2258:
2248:
2237:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2178:
2171:
2148:
2141:Hypocoliidae
2128:
2108:
2088:
2059:
2052:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1925:Chelidorhynx
1923:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1869:
1861:Promeropidae
1848:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1787:Pardaliparus
1785:
1780:Melanochlora
1778:
1771:
1766:Machlolophus
1764:
1757:
1752:Cephalopyrus
1750:
1743:
1736:
1716:
1696:
1675:
1654:
1617:Infraorder:
1505:
1477:. Retrieved
1467:
1461:
1453:
1444:
1438:
1426:. Retrieved
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1394:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1341:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1258:. Retrieved
1238:
1226:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1164:. Retrieved
1159:
1150:
1142:
1137:
1118:
1074:
1068:
1056:. Retrieved
1051:
1038:
1015:
1004:
985:
979:
969:
959:
949:
939:
922:
918:
914:
894:. Retrieved
889:
880:
859:
828:
797:
786:Conservation
773:
755:
748:
744:
705:such as the
695:
658:
642:
622:
610:
604:
588:, Turdidae.
571:
566:
558:
550:
542:
540:Brown dipper
534:
525:
516:
505:
497:
496:
491:
486:is from the
483:
480:type species
475:
463:
461:
447:
438:
437:
433:
432:
373:
358:
336:
307:brown dipper
305:
290:
260:
185:
179:Type species
163:
162:
145:
60:
36:
5628:iNaturalist
5548:Wikispecies
5490:Zosterornis
5406:Apalopteron
5372:Spelaeornis
5207:Poliolophus
5179:Microtarsus
5010:Pnoepygidae
4965:Ptilocichla
4902:Graminicola
4868:Rhopophilus
4770:Nicatoridae
4752:Sphenoeacus
4704:Schoenicola
4662:Helopsaltes
4655:Elaphrornis
4634:Bradypterus
4600:Pterorhinus
4593:Montecincla
4489:Pholidornis
4462:Tachycineta
4399:Phedinopsis
4378:Orochelidon
4364:Miochelidon
4238:Schistolais
4231:Scepomycter
4189:Oreophilais
4119:Drymocichla
4105:Camaroptera
3988:Xanthomixis
3930:Bernieridae
3910:Alcippeidae
3861:Ramphocoris
3854:Pinarocorys
3847:Eremopterix
3840:Chersomanes
3833:Certhilauda
3743:Calandrella
3451:Myadestinae
3256:Hartlaubius
3194:Creatophora
3173:Arizelopsar
3093:Pinarochroa
3086:Phoenicurus
2951:Saxicolinae
2926:Leucoptilon
2853:Melaenornis
2809:Muscicapini
2741:Stiphrornis
2713:Dessonornis
2685:Chamaetylas
2676:Erithacinae
2642:Oreoscoptes
2571:Elachuridae
2500:Troglodytes
2493:Thryothorus
2479:Thryophilus
2437:Hylorchilus
2430:Henicorhina
2416:Cyphorhinus
2409:Cistothorus
2229:Certhioidea
2214:Ptiliogonys
2207:Phainoptila
2200:Phainopepla
2173:Chaetoptila
2033:Muscicapida
2008:Passeroidea
1997:Passeroidea
1986:See below ↓
1966:See below ↓
1957:Muscicapida
1891:Anthoscopus
1850:Picathartes
1773:Melaniparus
1759:Lophophanes
1646:Chaetopidae
1506:The Dippers
1479:13 February
1428:13 February
1406:13 February
1260:11 February
1119:The Dippers
1044:Gill, Frank
965:Mayr, Ernst
886:"Cinclidae"
735:crustaceans
727:caddisflies
661:haemoglobin
653:preen gland
645:webbed feet
639:Adaptations
592:Description
514:Old English
506:water ouzel
482:. The name
5728:Categories
5441:Parayuhina
5413:Cleptornis
5323:Cyanoderma
5314:Timaliidae
5276:Scotocerca
5214:Pycnonotus
5144:Hypsipetes
5123:Euptilotus
5067:Andropadus
5053:Alophoixus
5039:Acritillas
4958:Pellorneum
4916:Illadopsis
4909:Gypsophila
4745:Melocichla
4731:Cryptillas
4669:Locustella
4509:Actinodura
4371:Neophedina
4340:Cheramoeca
4272:Donacobius
4245:Spiloptila
4210:Phyllolais
4203:Phragmacia
4196:Orthotomus
4147:Hypergerus
4084:Artisornis
4008:Abroscopus
3981:Thamnornis
3960:Hartertula
3946:Crossleyia
3872:Mirafrinae
3792:Spizocorys
3764:Eremophila
3757:Eremalauda
3686:Aegithalos
3645:Chloropeta
3610:Sylvioidea
3550:Hylocichla
3522:Cichlopsis
3488:Stizorhina
3440:Pinarornis
3399:Sturnornis
3378:Spodiopsar
3357:Saroglossa
3343:Rhabdornis
3308:Notopholia
3221:Fregilupus
3204:Cryptopsar
3180:Basilornis
3159:Ampeliceps
3114:Thamnolaea
3037:Leonardina
3009:Heinrichia
2988:Emarginata
2981:Cinclidium
2905:Cyanoptila
2889:Niltavinae
2867:Namibornis
2832:Empidornis
2775:Copsychini
2734:Sheppardia
2692:Cichladusa
2531:Buphagidae
2472:Thryomanes
2465:Salpinctes
2361:Tichodroma
2314:Polioptila
2307:Microbates
2271:Certhiidae
2150:Hypocolius
2130:Hylocitrea
2090:Bombycilla
1977:Sylvioidea
1946:Stenostira
1932:Culicicapa
1829:Sylviparus
1822:Sittiparus
1738:Baeolophus
1688:Hyliotidae
1677:Chloropsis
1611:Suborder:
1582:passerides
1580:Genera of
1166:22 October
1058:9 February
1032:required.)
945:Borkhausen
896:2023-07-15
872:References
866:vulnerable
820:reservoirs
810:caused by
723:stoneflies
719:blackflies
605:C. cinclus
521:ring ouzel
462:The genus
452:passerines
273:Cinclidae
170:Borkhausen
5734:Cinclidae
5483:Zosterops
5379:Stachyris
5287:Sylviidae
5186:Neolestes
5081:Baeopogon
4951:Napothera
4930:Laticilla
4826:Chrysomma
4790:Panuridae
4759:Sylvietta
4724:Achaetops
4697:Robsonius
4683:Megalurus
4641:Catriscus
4614:Turdoides
4579:Liocichla
4572:Leiothrix
4565:Leioptila
4558:Laniellus
4319:Atronanus
4217:Poliolais
4140:Euryptila
4133:Eremomela
4112:Cisticola
4057:Urosphena
4050:Tickellia
4022:Hemitesia
3999:Cettiidae
3939:Bernieria
3819:Ammomanes
3720:Alaudinae
3711:Alaudidae
3652:Hippolais
3557:Ridgwayia
3543:Geokichla
3467:Myadestes
3336:Poeoptera
3301:Neocichla
3294:Necropsar
3277:Leucopsar
3242:Gracupica
3136:Sturnidae
3121:Vauriella
3065:Myophonus
3051:Monticola
3030:Larvivora
2940:Sholicola
2860:Muscicapa
2846:Humblotia
2825:Bradornis
2798:Copsychus
2720:Erithacus
2656:Toxostoma
2628:Melanotis
2621:Margarops
2614:Dumetella
2551:Cinclidae
2395:Catherpes
2287:Salpornis
2250:Certhiops
2054:Corthylio
2045:Regulidae
1898:Auriparus
1882:Remizidae
1871:Promerops
1801:Periparus
1745:Cyanistes
1634:Passerida
1619:Passerida
1593:Kingdom:
1255:242827109
1196:: 79–91.
855:salmonids
808:turbidity
759:altricial
687:Behaviour
659:The high
478:) as the
448:Cinclidae
151:Sundevall
146:Cinclidae
92:Kingdom:
86:Eukaryota
5533:Wikidata
5455:Staphida
5358:Mixornis
5344:Macronus
5235:Spizixos
5228:Setornis
5221:Rubigula
5165:Ixonotus
5130:Eurillas
5116:Criniger
5019:Pnoepyga
4979:Turdinus
4854:Myzornis
4847:Moupinia
4840:Lioparus
4833:Fulvetta
4690:Poodytes
4530:Garrulax
4473:Hyliidae
4347:Delichon
4333:Cecropis
4326:Atticora
4182:Oreolais
4175:Neomixis
4161:Malcorus
4029:Horornis
3967:Oxylabes
3771:Galerida
3736:Alaudala
3666:Nesillas
3578:Zoothera
3508:Catharus
3499:Turdinae
3460:Grandala
3417:Turdidae
3263:Hylopsar
3249:Grafisia
3152:Agropsar
3107:Tarsiger
3100:Saxicola
3079:Oenanthe
3058:Myiomela
3044:Luscinia
3002:Ficedula
2995:Enicurus
2967:Calliope
2898:Anthipes
2839:Fraseria
2818:Agricola
2699:Cossypha
2580:Elachura
2540:Buphagus
2507:Uropsila
2423:Ferminia
2332:Sittidae
2164:Mohoidae
1709:Irenidae
1656:Chaetops
1601:Chordata
1599:Phylum:
1595:Animalia
1534:Archived
1402:. Euring
1388:: 63–66.
1365:: 38–41.
1333:91058122
1210:13707012
947:(1797).
851:bounties
843:Scotland
741:Breeding
731:Molluscs
715:mayflies
696:Dippers
625:habitats
458:Taxonomy
262:Turdidae
142:Family:
106:Chordata
102:Phylum:
96:Animalia
82:Domain:
42:Dippers
5739:Cinclus
5711:1437134
5620:2495086
5568:Cincius
5554:Cinclus
5539:Q192575
5524:Cinclus
5386:Timalia
5330:Dumetia
5296:Curruca
5137:Hemixos
5046:Alcurus
4923:Kenopia
4875:Suthora
4819:Chamaea
4799:Panurus
4779:Nicator
4448:Riparia
4392:Phedina
4354:Hirundo
4252:Urolais
3919:Alcippe
3895:Mirafra
3812:Alaemon
3778:Lullula
3564:Ixoreus
3406:Sturnus
3392:Sturnia
3350:Sarcops
3235:Gracula
3166:Aplonis
2933:Niltava
2919:Eumyias
2912:Cyornis
2874:Sigelus
2600:Allenia
2591:Mimidae
2560:Cinclus
2280:Certhia
2101:Dulidae
2061:Regulus
1939:Elminia
1808:Poecile
1729:Paridae
1698:Hyliota
1613:Passeri
1605:Class:
1504:(1994)
1382:Gerfaut
1359:Cotinga
1218:7227306
1011:"ouzel"
915:Cinclus
847:Germany
812:erosion
681:Siberia
649:plumage
633:Morocco
572:A 2002
498:Cinclus
492:kinklos
484:cinclus
464:Cinclus
446:family
442:in the
439:Cinclus
434:Dippers
164:Cinclus
159:Genus:
122:Order:
112:Class:
18:Dippers
5698:368980
5685:267845
5672:127874
5646:178535
5476:Yuhina
5427:Heleia
5303:Sylvia
5158:Ixodia
4406:Progne
4224:Prinia
4154:Incana
4126:Eminia
4077:Apalis
4015:Cettia
3974:Randia
3729:Alauda
3571:Turdus
3529:Cochoa
3481:Sialia
3329:Pholia
3322:Pastor
3211:Enodes
3023:Irania
2784:Alethe
1512:
1500:&
1331:
1253:
1216:
1208:
1125:
1081:
992:
835:Cyprus
831:hunted
711:larvae
707:nymphs
698:forage
669:oxygen
502:family
234:
228:
222:
216:
210:
172:, 1797
153:, 1836
5706:WoRMS
5448:Rukia
5088:Bleda
4676:Malia
4586:Minla
4523:Cutia
4516:Argya
4482:Hylia
4043:Tesia
3659:Iduna
2635:Mimus
2341:Sitta
2110:Dulus
1905:Remiz
1794:Parus
1718:Irena
1355:(PDF)
1329:S2CID
1251:S2CID
1214:S2CID
1026:
665:blood
490:word
5667:NCBI
5641:ITIS
5633:7641
5615:GBIF
5594:3PYJ
5581:4726
5576:BOLD
5172:Ixos
5151:Iole
3284:Mino
2180:Moho
2006:See
1607:Aves
1510:ISBN
1481:2019
1430:2019
1408:2019
1262:2019
1206:PMID
1188:)".
1168:2023
1123:ISBN
1079:ISBN
1060:2019
990:ISBN
919:Ibis
917:)".
845:and
818:and
816:dams
806:and
751:moss
733:and
725:and
692:Food
517:osle
444:bird
116:Aves
5654:NBN
5589:CoL
5563:AFD
5193:Nok
1321:doi
1317:129
1290:doi
1280:".
1243:doi
1198:doi
1194:107
927:doi
923:144
780:kHz
713:of
709:or
679:of
631:of
5730::
5708::
5695::
5682::
5669::
5656::
5643::
5630::
5617::
5604::
5591::
5578::
5565::
5550::
5535::
1472:.
1466:.
1386:76
1384:.
1380:.
1361:.
1357:.
1327:.
1315:.
1286:34
1284:.
1249:.
1237:.
1212:.
1204:.
1192:.
1176:^
1158:.
1093:^
1050:.
1014:.
921:.
905:^
888:.
857:.
802:,
721:,
717:,
523:.
63:)
4360:†
3429:†
3290:†
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