31:
111:, tasked with capturing a scene in accordance with the director's vision. Relations between the cinematographer and director vary. In some instances, the director will allow the cinematographer complete independence, while in others, the director allows little to none, even going so far as to specify exact camera placement and lens selection. Such a level of involvement is less common when the director and cinematographer have become comfortable with each other. The director will typically convey to the cinematographer what is wanted from a scene visually and allow the cinematographer latitude in achieving that effect.
127:
349:
214:
384:
A creative and interpretive process that culminates in the authorship of an original work of art rather than the simple recording of a physical event. Cinematography is not a subcategory of photography. Rather, photography is but one craft that the cinematographer uses in addition to other physical,
30:
180:
There are a number of national associations of cinematographers that represent members (irrespective of their official titles) and are dedicated to the advancement of cinematography, including:
611:
199:
86:
working on such projects. They would normally be responsible for making artistic and technical decisions related to the image and for selecting the camera,
485:
507:
401:
271:
206:
185:
161:
833:
257:
250:
243:
169:
146:, in addition to technological advancements in optics, the technical aspects of cinematography necessitated a specialist in that area.
689:
433:
306:
278:
775:
601:
172:(BSC). Their aims include the recognition of the cinematographer's contribution to the art and science of motion picture making.
1605:
1590:
334:
341:
320:
327:
313:
168:, and was the first trade society for cinematographers. Similar societies were formed in other countries. For example, the
1536:
82:, television production, music video or other live-action piece. The cinematographer is the chief of the camera and light
45:
285:
236:
138:
and the person physically handling the camera. As the art form and technology evolved, a separation between director and
358:
192:
51:
223:
955:
860:
621:
590:
427:
264:
1531:
1336:
1184:
1595:
1483:
1341:
1313:
1005:
553:
497:
395:
1261:
1600:
1561:
1246:
975:
826:
606:
299:
292:
1251:
980:
726:
385:
organizational, managerial, interpretive and image-manipulating techniques to effect one coherent process.
165:
708:
230:
1516:
1256:
1149:
985:
713:
1440:
1351:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1010:
753:
616:
479:
95:
1204:
1194:
1060:
469:
1498:
1374:
1276:
1271:
1000:
990:
929:
819:
1435:
1410:
1226:
1038:
1020:
995:
807:
Association Française des directrices et directeurs de la photographie Cinématographique (AFC)
685:
540:
491:
463:
91:
1369:
1308:
1072:
1015:
906:
886:
797:
438:
154:
1470:
1455:
1266:
1162:
1102:
896:
801:
779:
757:
730:
563:
139:
640:
126:
1521:
1508:
1420:
1364:
1328:
1172:
1125:
1107:
1087:
967:
585:
544:
457:
405:
100:
40:
17:
772:
348:
1584:
1488:
1405:
1379:
1318:
1135:
1092:
934:
924:
914:
891:
881:
536:
517:
442:
135:
108:
1478:
1450:
1445:
1425:
1415:
1395:
1238:
1167:
1065:
919:
876:
559:
474:
421:
150:
115:
142:
emerged. With the advent of artificial lighting and faster (more light-sensitive)
1526:
1400:
1281:
1189:
1130:
1117:
1097:
1082:
523:
502:
446:
416:
35:
1556:
1460:
1221:
1030:
846:
596:
580:
143:
87:
785:
Italian
Society of Cinematography, AIC (Autori Italiani della Cinematografia)
114:
The scenes recorded by the cinematographer are passed to the film editor for
1177:
1077:
842:
677:
512:
134:
In the infancy of motion pictures, the cinematographer was usually also the
83:
38:
sets up for scenes to be filmed on the flight deck for the motion picture
1493:
1430:
1359:
1303:
1216:
1211:
1199:
901:
811:
451:
575:
213:
806:
767:
871:
723:
408:
awarded each year to a cinematographer for work on one particular
347:
212:
157:
and no dialogue, the films depended on lighting, acting, and set.
125:
29:
680:(2007). "Anamorphic Cinematography". In Burum, Stephen H. (ed.).
27:
Creative head of a motion picture's camera and lighting decisions
789:
409:
79:
953:
858:
815:
98:, etc. The study and practice of this field are referred to as
718:
415:
A number of cinematographers have become directors, including
217:
Cameraman along with the equipment for making cinematography.
750:
784:
745:
735:
612:
List of film director and cinematographer collaborations
364:
762:
740:
653:"IMAGO – International Federation of Cinematographers"
794:
652:
130:
Outdoor gear protects the camera operator and camera.
370:
the
Lithuanian Association of Cinematographers (LAC)
1549:
1507:
1469:
1388:
1350:
1327:
1237:
1148:
1116:
1051:
1029:
966:
78:) is the person responsible for the recording of a
1158:Cinematographer / director of photography
200:International Collective of Women Cinematographers
367:the Uruguayan Society of Cinematographers (S.C.U)
795:Lithuanian Association of Cinematographers, LAC
382:
724:The History of the Discovery of Cinematography
827:
763:European Federation of Cinematographers/IMAGO
8:
593:, a communication forum for cinematographers
107:The cinematographer is a subordinate of the
566:regularly moved between the two positions.
1504:
1113:
1026:
963:
950:
855:
834:
820:
812:
790:Netherlands Society of Cinematography, NSC
293:Western India Cinematographers Association
768:Australian Cinematographers Society (ACS)
335:South African Society of Cinematographers
751:Indian Society of Cinematographers (ISC)
741:The Guild of British Camera Technicians
633:
342:Spanish Society of Cinematography Works
321:Netherlands Society of Cinematographers
380:The A.S.C. defines cinematography as:
328:Association of Slovak Cinematographers
773:German Society of Cinematography, BVK
622:List of motion picture-related topics
508:Eternal Sunshine of The Spotless Mind
431:before winning an Emmy for directing
402:Academy Award for Best Cinematography
314:Malaysian Society of Cinematographers
7:
736:American Society of Cinematographers
719:International Cinematographers Guild
272:Filipino Society of Cinematographers
207:Canadian Society of Cinematographers
186:American Society of Cinematographers
162:American Society of Cinematographers
746:British Society of Cinematographers
682:The American Cinematographer Manual
477:, cinematographer on films such as
449:, cinematographer on films such as
286:Italian Society of Cinematographers
258:Australian Cinematographers Society
251:British Society of Cinematographers
244:Guild of British Camera Technicians
237:Finnish Society of Cinematographers
170:British Society of Cinematographers
551:, made his directorial debut with
359:Polish Society of Cinematographers
307:German Society of Cinematographers
300:Indian Society of Cinematographers
279:French Society of Cinematographers
193:Brazilian Cinematographers Society
149:Cinematography was key during the
25:
714:Cinematography Mailing List (CML)
352:Camera operator with support rig.
224:Czech Society of Cinematographers
176:Societies and trade organizations
602:Glossary of motion picture terms
558:whilst British cinematographers
265:Cinematographers Guild of Korea
153:era; with no sound apart from
1:
527:before directing episodes of
164:(ASC) was formed in 1919 in
591:Cinematography Mailing List
486:The Masque of the Red Death
1622:
1532:Computer-generated imagery
1337:Special effects supervisor
1185:Digital imaging technician
393:
1342:Visual effects supervisor
962:
949:
867:
854:
498:The Man Who Fell to Earth
396:Category:Cinematographers
1262:Utility sound technician
641:The ASC Vision Committee
70:(sometimes shortened to
1562:Unit still photographer
1247:Director of audiography
976:Unit production manager
607:Indian cinematographers
511:as well as a number of
68:director of photography
49:-class aircraft carrier
18:Director of Photography
1606:Filmmaking occupations
1591:Mass media occupations
1252:Production sound mixer
981:Production coordinator
390:Noted cinematographers
387:
353:
218:
131:
59:
1522:Visual effects editor
1517:VFX creative director
986:Production accountant
539:, cinematographer on
394:Further information:
351:
216:
129:
44:with the crew of the
33:
1441:Intimacy coordinator
1011:Production assistant
617:List of film formats
1205:Lighting technician
1061:Production designer
434:The Handmaid's Tale
373:Cinematographers XX
231:Cinévore Madagascar
1499:Technical director
1272:Re-recording mixer
1001:Script coordinator
991:Assistant director
930:Executive producer
800:2021-12-07 at the
778:2017-12-05 at the
756:2020-04-06 at the
729:2020-10-05 at the
709:Cinematography.com
354:
219:
132:
60:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1545:
1544:
1436:Acting instructor
1411:Movement director
1200:Best boy electric
1144:
1143:
1047:
1046:
1039:Storyboard artist
996:Script supervisor
945:
944:
541:Christopher Nolan
489:(1964), directed
441:, originally the
16:(Redirected from
1613:
1596:Cinematographers
1505:
1309:Music supervisor
1114:
1073:Costume designer
1027:
1016:Location manager
1006:Casting director
964:
951:
887:Supporting actor
856:
836:
829:
822:
813:
696:
695:
674:
668:
667:
665:
664:
649:
643:
638:
503:Ellen Kuras, ASC
439:Barry Sonnenfeld
155:background music
21:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1566:
1541:
1503:
1471:Post-production
1465:
1456:Stunt performer
1384:
1346:
1329:Special effects
1323:
1267:Dialogue editor
1233:
1163:Camera operator
1140:
1112:
1103:Property master
1053:
1043:
1025:
958:
941:
913:
897:Character actor
863:
850:
840:
802:Wayback Machine
780:Wayback Machine
758:Wayback Machine
731:Wayback Machine
705:
700:
699:
692:
676:
675:
671:
662:
660:
651:
650:
646:
639:
635:
630:
572:
564:Freddie Francis
398:
392:
178:
140:camera operator
124:
64:cinematographer
54:Abraham Lincoln
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1619:
1617:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1601:Cinematography
1598:
1593:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1509:Visual effects
1502:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1365:Visual effects
1362:
1356:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1173:Clapper loader
1170:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1108:Weapons master
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1088:Make-up artist
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1057:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1021:Location scout
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
972:
970:
968:Pre-production
960:
959:
956:Below the line
954:
947:
946:
943:
942:
940:
939:
938:
937:
932:
922:
917:
911:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
868:
865:
864:
861:Above the line
859:
852:
851:
841:
839:
838:
831:
824:
816:
810:
809:
804:
792:
787:
782:
770:
765:
760:
748:
743:
738:
733:
721:
716:
711:
704:
703:External links
701:
698:
697:
691:978-0935578317
690:
684:(9 ed.).
669:
644:
632:
631:
629:
626:
625:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
588:
586:Cinematography
583:
578:
571:
568:
515:films such as
492:Don't Look Now
458:Basic Instinct
425:and Beyoncé's
410:motion picture
391:
388:
378:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
346:
345:
338:
331:
324:
317:
310:
303:
296:
289:
282:
275:
268:
261:
254:
247:
240:
233:
227:
211:
210:
203:
196:
189:
177:
174:
123:
120:
101:cinematography
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1618:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1416:Choreographer
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:Dialect coach
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1380:Layout artist
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:Boom operator
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1217:Best boy grip
1215:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1136:Scenic design
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1126:Matte painter
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:Set decorator
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1050:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
952:
948:
936:
935:Line producer
933:
931:
928:
927:
926:
925:Film producer
923:
921:
918:
916:
915:Film director
912:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
892:Ensemble cast
890:
888:
885:
883:
882:Leading actor
880:
878:
875:
874:
873:
870:
869:
866:
862:
857:
853:
848:
844:
837:
832:
830:
825:
823:
818:
817:
814:
808:
805:
803:
799:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
777:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
755:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
728:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
706:
702:
693:
687:
683:
679:
673:
670:
658:
654:
648:
645:
642:
637:
634:
627:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
573:
569:
567:
565:
561:
557:
555:
554:Transcendence
550:
548:
542:
538:
537:Wally Pfister
534:
530:
526:
525:
520:
519:
518:Summer of Sam
514:
510:
509:
505:photographed
504:
500:
499:
494:
493:
488:
487:
482:
481:
480:The Caretaker
476:
472:
471:
466:
465:
460:
459:
454:
453:
448:
444:
443:Coen brothers
440:
436:
435:
430:
429:
424:
423:
418:
413:
411:
407:
406:Academy Award
403:
397:
389:
386:
381:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
356:
355:
350:
343:
339:
336:
332:
329:
325:
322:
318:
315:
311:
308:
304:
301:
297:
294:
290:
287:
283:
280:
276:
273:
269:
266:
262:
259:
255:
252:
248:
245:
241:
238:
234:
232:
228:
225:
221:
220:
215:
208:
204:
201:
197:
194:
190:
187:
183:
182:
181:
175:
173:
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
147:
145:
141:
137:
128:
121:
119:
117:
112:
110:
105:
103:
102:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
57:
55:
50:
48:
43:
42:
37:
32:
19:
1484:Sound editor
1451:Stunt double
1446:Stage combat
1426:Talent agent
1396:Acting coach
1319:Orchestrator
1314:Music editor
1277:Foley artist
1168:Focus puller
1157:
1066:Art director
920:Screenwriter
681:
672:
661:. Retrieved
659:. 2023-09-26
656:
647:
636:
560:Jack Cardiff
552:
546:
532:
528:
522:
516:
506:
496:
490:
484:
478:
475:Nicolas Roeg
468:
462:
456:
450:
432:
426:
422:Frozen River
420:
414:
399:
383:
379:
376:Illuminatrix
179:
159:
151:silent movie
148:
133:
113:
106:
99:
75:
71:
67:
63:
61:
53:
46:
39:
1479:Film editor
1401:Body double
1282:Voice foley
1190:Second unit
1150:Photography
1131:Illustrator
1118:Visual arts
1098:Set dresser
1083:Hairdresser
1052:Production
907:Cameo actor
877:Voice actor
524:He Got Game
495:(1973) and
483:(1963) and
461:, directed
447:Jan de Bont
419:who lensed
417:Reed Morano
144:film stocks
36:camera crew
1585:Categories
1557:Swing gang
1527:Compositor
1461:Under-five
1222:Dolly grip
1031:Storyboard
847:filmmaking
678:Hora, John
663:2023-10-02
628:References
597:Filmmaking
581:Camerimage
337:(S.A.S.C.)
295:(W.I.C.A.)
246:(G.B.C.T.)
88:film stock
1537:Rendering
1352:Animation
1299:Subtitles
1178:Steadicam
1078:Greensman
902:Bit actor
843:Film crew
657:imago.org
535:In 2014,
513:Spike Lee
166:Hollywood
1494:Animator
1489:Colorist
1431:Stand-in
1370:Modeling
1360:Animator
1304:Composer
1212:Key grip
798:Archived
776:Archived
754:Archived
727:Archived
570:See also
501:(1976).
452:Die Hard
428:Lemonade
302:(I.S.C.)
288:(A.I.C.)
281:(A.F.C.)
274:(F.S.C.)
267:(C.G.K.)
260:(A.C.S.)
253:(B.S.C.)
239:(F.S.C.)
209:(C.S.C.)
195:(A.B.C.)
188:(A.S.C.)
136:director
109:director
56:(CVN-72)
1375:Rigging
1289:Dubbing
576:3D film
470:Twister
344:(A.E.C)
122:History
116:editing
96:filters
41:Stealth
1389:Talent
1195:Gaffer
1054:design
688:
547:Batman
545:three
533:Ozark.
529:Legion
445:' DP;
404:is an
316:(MySC)
202:(ICFC)
92:lenses
47:Nimitz
1550:Other
1421:Extra
1239:Sound
872:Actor
549:films
464:Speed
361:(PSC)
330:(ASK)
323:(NSC)
309:(BVK)
226:(AÄŚK)
84:crews
1227:Grip
686:ISBN
562:and
531:and
521:and
467:and
455:and
400:The
357:the
340:the
333:the
326:the
319:the
312:the
305:the
298:the
291:the
284:the
277:the
270:the
263:the
256:the
249:the
242:the
235:the
229:the
222:the
205:the
198:the
191:the
184:the
160:The
80:film
62:The
52:USS
1294:ADR
543:'s
76:DOP
74:or
66:or
1587::
655:.
473:.
437:.
412:.
118:.
104:.
94:,
90:,
72:DP
34:A
849:)
845:(
835:e
828:t
821:v
694:.
666:.
556:,
58:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.