416:. The motivation to build the interconnector was the power shortage in Southern Queensland and surplus capacities in New South Wales. It was developed as an Independent Transmission Project. It was commissioned in December 1999 and it started operations in April 2000. It was the first time that transmission systems of New South Wales and Queensland were linked. The construction cost US$ 70 million.
466:
for a limited time period the interconnector has operated in an overloading mode for up to 250 MW. The limiting factor for flow in the New South Wales direction is the thermal ratings of the
Terranora–Mudgeeraba 110 kV lines and Mullumbimby–Dunoon 132 kV lines, and for flow in the Queensland direction is the thermal ratings of the Lismore–Dunoon 132 kV lines.
465:
The total rating of the interconnector is 180 MW. The maximum net transfer minus losses is around 170 MW. If one pair of cables malfunctions, the available capacity is around 115 MW. If two pairs of cables are out of service, the capacity is around 57 MW. However, in some cases
772:
616:
426:
Originally, the interconnector operated as a non-regulated market network service. However, on 6 May 2004 an application to convert it to a regulated network service was submitted. The application was approved by the
504:
333:
545:
896:
241:
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at each station connected by three pairs of transmission cables. Each pair of cables operates at +/-80 kV and transmits 60 MW. In New South Wales it is connected to a 132 kV
964:
954:
438:) was transferred to the Energy Infrastructure Investments Group, while the APA Group continued as the operator. The ownership of EII is allocated as APA with 19.9%, Japan-based
969:
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Electricity
Transmission Network Service Providers - Directlink and Murraylink amended Cost Allocation Methodologies - March 2010
484:
modules are rated at 2.5 kV and 500 A, with multiple units connected in series to achieve the required voltage rating.
800:
585:
454:
Directlink (Terranora) interconnector is a 59-kilometre (37 mi) HVDC land cable route. The system has three 65 MVA
378:. The DC cables alternate between above ground in a galvanised steel trough and below ground with depths up to 1 metre.
840:
279:
80:
779:
773:"Electricity Transmission Network Service Providers Directlink & Murraylink Amended Cost Allocation Methodologies"
746:
469:
428:
235:
177:
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was chosen for this project for reasons of low environmental impact of the transmission route and the ability of the
419:
In
December 2006, it was announced that Directlink would be purchased by Australian Pipeline Trust (APT, a part of
412:
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989:
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transmission grid and in
Queensland to 110 kV alternating current transmission grid.
383:
62:
407:
403:
938:
505:"Development of Electricity Supply to the NSW Far North Coast. Supplementary Report"
688:
595:
652:
HVDC and FACTS controllers: applications of static converters in power systems
435:
387:
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423:) for US$ 133 million. The transaction was completed in February 2007.
375:
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17:
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The interconnector was developed by a joint venture of NorthPower (later
382:
It is one of the two interconnections used to trade electricity between
720:
238:(HVDC) electricity transmission cable route from near Lavertys Gap (
617:"Network Interconnection: Murraylink: the underground connection"
546:"Directlink Project Queensland – New South Wales in Australia"
476:
converter stations at each end to accurately control both
234:
is a mixed buried and above ground 59 kilometre (37 mi)
813:"electricity transmission interconnectors - APA Group"
434:
In
December 2008, ownership of Directlink (as well as
743:"AER final decision approves Directlink conversion"
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361:Essential Energy - Terranora Electrical Substation
322:) & connected via a 3.5 km (2.2 mi)
203:110 kV (Bungalora), 132 kV (Mullumbimby)
865:Arrillaga, J.; Liu, Y. H.; Watson, N. R. (2007).
38:Location of Directlink (Terranora) Interconnector
965:Electric power infrastructure in New South Wales
955:Electric power transmission systems in Australia
681:"Electric/Gas Utilities Could Threaten Telecoms"
912:. 17 September 2010. p. 5. Archived from
269:Directlink - Mullumbimby Static Inverter Plant
868:Flexible power transmission: the HVDC options
716:"APA Group H1 profit rises, upgrades outlook"
579:
577:
8:
313:Directlink - Bungalora Static Inverter Plant
970:Electric power infrastructure in Queensland
499:
497:
392:Queensland – New South Wales Interconnector
390:(the other is the 330 kV Dual Circuit
278:), 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) Southwest of
644:
642:
975:Energy infrastructure completed in 2000
897:"Review of Last Resort Planning Powers"
841:"Terranora interconnector (Directlink)"
835:
833:
584:Grant-Taylor, Tony (20 December 2016).
493:
105:Energy Infrastructure Investments (EII)
28:
685:Transmission & Distribution World
540:
538:
536:
514:. May 2010. p. 7. Archived from
32:Directlink (Terranora) Interconnector
7:
25:
691:. 1 February 1999. Archived from
945:2000 establishments in Australia
714:Wong, Fayen (25 February 2008).
406:), TransÉnergie–a subsidiary of
749:. 10 March 2006. Archived from
328:Terranora Electrical Substation
125:Manufacturer of conductor/cable
216:
1:
324:AC Overhead Transmission Line
442:Corporation with 49.9%, and
280:Mullumbimby, New South Wales
429:Australian Energy Regulator
236:High Voltage Direct Current
135:Manufacturer of substations
1006:
586:"APT buys DirectLink line"
480:. Individual water-cooled
372:Terranora, New South Wales
456:Voltage Source Converters
36:
350:28.241194°S 153.503528°E
326:to the NorthEast to the
120:Construction information
950:HVDC transmission lines
649:Sood, Vijay K. (2004).
478:real and reactive power
413:Fonds de solidarité FTQ
187:63 km (39 mi)
355:-28.241194; 153.503528
302:28.25556°S 153.47222°E
258:28.57083°S 153.45222°E
229:Directlink (Terranora)
148:TransÉnergie Australia
873:John Wiley & Sons
659:. pp. 172, 174.
450:Technical description
161:Technical information
97:Ownership information
905:Sinclair Knight Merz
695:on 28 September 2011
625:PennWell Corporation
307:-28.25556; 153.47222
263:-28.57083; 153.45222
621:Power-Gen Worldwide
460:alternating current
345: /
297: /
253: /
169:Land cable (buried)
431:on 10 March 2006.
882:978-0-470-05688-2
745:(Press release).
666:978-1-4020-7890-3
562:on 20 August 2011
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69:General direction
16:(Redirected from
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753:on 25 March 2012
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919:on 6 March 2016
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174:Type of current
63:New South Wales
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817:www.apa.com.au
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404:Country Energy
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232:Interconnector
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340:153°30′12.7″E
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960:Hydro-Québec
921:. Retrieved
914:the original
903:
891:
867:
860:
848:. Retrieved
820:. Retrieved
816:
807:
796:
784:. Retrieved
782:. March 2010
767:
755:. Retrieved
751:the original
737:
725:. Retrieved
719:
709:
697:. Retrieved
693:the original
689:Penton Media
684:
675:
651:
629:. Retrieved
627:. 1 May 2001
620:
611:
599:. Retrieved
596:News Limited
589:
564:. Retrieved
557:the original
523:. Retrieved
516:the original
468:
464:
453:
446:with 30.2%.
433:
425:
418:
411:
408:Hydro-Québec
401:
381:
337:28°14′28.3″S
231:
228:
227:
192:Power rating
184:Total length
153:Commissioned
26:
985:Tweed Shire
980:Byron Shire
822:30 December
374:in Eastern
353: /
305: /
292:153°28′20″E
261: /
219:of circuits
211:±80 kV
195:180 MW
145:Contractors
81:Mullumbimby
72:south-north
939:Categories
488:References
436:Murraylink
388:Queensland
359: (
311: (
289:28°15′20″S
267: (
248:153°27′8″E
245:28°34′15″S
208:DC voltage
200:AC voltage
18:Directlink
512:TransGrid
444:Osaka Gas
421:APA Group
376:Australia
114:APA Group
91:Bungalora
53:Australia
657:Springer
470:HVDC VSC
440:Marubeni
394:(QNI)).
178:HVDC VSC
110:Operator
44:Location
923:12 June
786:12 June
757:12 June
727:12 June
721:Reuters
699:12 June
601:12 June
525:12 June
398:History
49:Country
879:
850:9 June
663:
631:8 June
566:9 June
410:, and
917:(PDF)
900:(PDF)
776:(PDF)
560:(PDF)
549:(PDF)
519:(PDF)
508:(PDF)
102:Owner
59:State
925:2011
910:AEMC
877:ISBN
852:2011
824:2018
788:2011
759:2011
729:2011
701:2011
661:ISBN
633:2011
603:2011
568:2011
527:2011
482:IGBT
474:IGBT
386:and
370:) @
166:Type
156:2000
77:From
845:ABB
780:AER
747:AER
553:ABB
217:No.
139:ABB
129:ABB
941::
908:.
902:.
871:.
843:.
832:^
815:.
778:.
718:.
687:.
683:.
655:.
641:^
623:.
619:.
594:.
588:.
576:^
551:.
535:^
510:.
496:^
87:To
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885:.
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761:.
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703:.
669:.
635:.
605:.
570:.
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363:)
330:(
315:)
271:)
222:3
20:)
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