1313:
1336:
1661:
1870:
1378:
1452:
1100:
1882:
1366:
1160:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1112:
1258:
1246:
1088:
33:
1405:
1196:
1148:
1124:
647:
1390:
866:); the upper garment is made of 4 panels of fabric representing the four seasons, and the lower garment is made of 12 panels of fabric which represents the time of the year. The wide cuff sleeves are round-shaped to symbolize the sky and the Confucian's scholars' deep knowledge and integration while the right-angled collar is square shaped to represents the earth warning Confucians that they should have integrity and kindness; together, the sleeves and the right-angled collar represents
1606:. However, the jeokui sent by the Ming dynasty did not correspond to those worn by the Ming empresses as Joseon was considered to be ranked two ranks lower than Ming. Instead the jeokui which was bestowed corresponded to the Ming women's whose husband held the highest government official posts. The jeokdui worn by the queen and crown princess was originally made of red silk; it then became blue in 1897 when the Joseon king and queen were elevated to the status of emperor and empress.
2616:
1136:
1184:
743:
1172:
2608:
1678:
1653:
3790:
1231:, an overdress and long-sleeved blouse. In the Ming dynasty, there are however different kinds of phoenix crowns depending on the ranks of its wearer: the one for the empresses is decorated with 9 dragons and 4 phoenixes, and the ones for the imperial concubines had 9 multicoloured pheasants and 4 phoenixes, and the other for the
1080:
patterns ornamenting the collar, sleeves and placket, with a belt worn around the waist; and while all the huiyi were depicted as being deep blue in colour, they differed in shades of dark blue showing variation. Instead of being in three lines as described in the Yuan dynasty's records, in the Song
1063:
bird patterns can decorate the black, red collar edge in 3 lines. There is also a belt which is divided into a large belt made of silk (which is dark blue in with red lining with the upper surface part made of red brocade while the lower part made of green brocade) and narrow leather belt (which is
1936:
Following Zhōu dynasty’s rites to honour the new Grand
Concubine’s coronation, in order to display the utmost appreciation of her services and to perfect the great ceremony. As for Huy Địch dress, the shining glories stay in the fine-grained texture, and this shall be continuously succeeded. The
1649:, which was worn by the titled court women of the first rank. The daesam was another garment which was bestowed by the Ming dynasty from the reign of King Munjong of early Joseon to the 36th year of King Seonjo's reign in 1603; it continued to be worn even after the fall of the Ming dynasty.
2285:
1312:
1071:
however does not always provide details (e.g. variations) which can be found in the Song dynasty court painting and some discrepancies can be found between the text and the paintings. From the several court portrait paintings of the Song dynasty, it is found that the
1668:
Following the fall of the Ming dynasty, Joseon established their own jeogui system. In the late Joseon, the daesam was modified to feature pheasant heads and a rank badge. In the Korea Empire, the blue jeokui was established for the Korea
Empress. An example of the
1335:
934:
in Zhou dynasty was worn by the
Empress as ceremonial clothing to pay respect during the ancestral shrine sacrifice which was the most important sacrificial event in which they could participate in. Following the Zhou dynasty, the subsequent dynasties perceived the
728:-bird pattern is symbolism for "brilliance"; and the bird itself is a type of divine birds of five colours which represents the Empress' virtue. These five colours (i.e. blue, red, black, yellow, white) also correspond to the five elements; and thus, the usage of
976:
was the highest form of ceremonial clothing worn by the
Empress; it was worn on important ceremonial occasions such as wedding, coronations, when holding court, and during ancestral shrine sacrifices. The Huiyi was made out of dark blue
1720:
of Ming; it continued to bestowed in Joseon until the early 17th century. It stopped being bestowed after the fall of the Ming dynasty. In the late Joseon, the jeokgwan was changed into a big wig, called daesu which consisted with a
1932:
Vậy xét theo phép của nhà Thành Chu, tôn phong bà làm bực Thái phi, để tỏ công phù trì, để hợp lễ thương kính. Than ôi, áo xiêm (chữ Hán: Vi Địch) dâng tiến, vinh quang chẳng cứ khi mất còn; nấm đất vun bồi, rực rỡ đến tận cõi minh
2261:
939:
as the highest form of ceremonial clothing. According to the Zhou dynasty rites, there were two types of black and blue clothing; however, there is currently no proof that the huiyi in the Zhou dynasty was black in colour.
876:
is composed of two fabrics which are vertically sewed together and the large waist belt represents the privileged classes and is a symbolism for uprightness and honesty; it also meant fairness held by those with power.
1928:
Việt khảo Thành Chu chi di chế, nghi gia Thái phi chi tân phong, vu dĩ chương bảo hựu chi công, vu dĩ tận ai vinh chi lễ, ư hi huy địch mệnh phục, lưu huy vô gián kỳ tồn vong mã liệp lậu tuyền, bí sức hữu quang ư minh
2669:
1064:
cyan in colour decorated with white jade in pairs) is on top of the large silk belt. The socks are dark blue in colour; the shoes are also dark blue but decorated with gold ornaments.
2708:
1869:
1681:. The xiaolunhua (小輪花) motif are known as ihwa motif in Korea. The Korean ihwa motif were likely designed in 1750 when Joseon established their own jeokui system, and may have used
2838:
1974:
599:
1578:, from 1403 to the first half of the 17th century the Ming dynasty sent a letter, which confers the queen with a title along with the following items: jeokgwan, a vest called
2405:
1913:
According to the
Vietnam Centre, the diyi might have historically been worn by the Vietnamese empress in Vietnam due to the existence of this sole record so far:
1688:
The jeokgwan was the
Chinese crown decorated with pheasant motifs; it was worn by the queens and princesses of the Ming dynasty. The jeokgwan originated from the
2637:
1862:
It was also worn by the queens and princesses when they visited the Royal
Ancestors Shrine and when they were receiving morning visits from their retainers.
2701:
1212:
2661:
2324:. Xun Zhou, Chunming Gao, 周汛, Shanghai Shi xi qu xue xiao. Zhongguo fu zhuang shi yan jiu zu. San Francisco, CA: China Books & Periodicals. 1987.
1377:
1293:
1575:
2694:
1389:
3814:
2381:
1099:
828:
for women does not only represent its wearer's noble status but also represents the standard of being faithful to her spouse undo death. The
454:'phoenix crown') which is typically characterized by the absence of dangling string of pearls by the sides. It was first recorded as
1881:
1159:
1111:
1281:
1269:
1502:'s diyi. The jeokui was a ceremonial robe which was worn by the Joseon queens on the most formal occasions. It was worn together with
1087:
2147:"The Expression of Religious Elements and Factors of Religious Thoughts in the Empress's Ceremonial Costume "Hui Yi" of Song Dynasty"
2482:
2329:
1660:
1365:
1195:
1404:
1147:
1123:
1257:
1245:
1685:(大明會典) as reference. By the Korea Empire, the ihwa motif was revised and became one of the primary emblem of the Korean empire.
834:
was the most appropriate ceremonial clothing style of clothing for the
Empress due to its symbolic meaning: it represented the
489:
2552:
2525:
2460:
2438:
1847:
1814:
703:
297:
216:
126:
1135:
903:
849:
768:
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415:
379:
289:
247:
2858:
2843:
2199:
1451:
1183:
2899:
2498:
2353:
1906:
1171:
590:) which was dyed in black; they were all form of ritual clothing which was worn by royal women during ceremonies.
2740:
2732:
629:
1909:: Địch Y; 翟衣) was recorded as Huy Địch (褘翟) in Vietnam and was recorded in the book, Tang thương ngẫu lục 桑滄偶錄
1235:
was called a coloured coronet, which was not decorated with dragons or phoenixes but with pearls, feathers of
646:
478:
has been worn by empresses and other royal noblewomen (differs according to different dynasties) since the
3337:
3332:
3292:
610:
follows the traditional
Confucian standard system for dressing, which is embodied in its form through the
32:
2863:
2046:
3734:
2766:
1717:
1347:
1324:
375:
1211:
3755:
3520:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
2848:
2833:
2492:
2399:
2347:
2176:
2074:
2022:
2047:"What Hangs On a Hairpin: Inalienable Possession and Language Exchange in Two Marriage Romances"
1946:
3775:
3641:
3489:
3155:
2868:
2478:
2387:
2377:
2335:
2325:
2168:
2146:
2066:
2014:
1610:
1487:
3474:
3384:
3023:
2946:
2828:
2771:
2761:
2158:
2058:
1937:
imperial cemetery and bureaucracy, could glow even in the most remote and darkest of places.
1614:
1019:
1001:
792:
742:
685:
583:
563:
539:
531:
397:
367:
313:
149:
112:
82:
51:
2573:
1652:
3599:
3405:
3301:
3226:
3221:
3170:
3089:
2853:
2797:
2745:
2203:
1827:
1794:
1749:
1693:
1622:
1583:
1555:
1551:
1531:
1507:
1467:
1051:
986:
435:
261:
2638:"Weaving a Realm: Documenting Vietnam's Royal Costumes From the 15th Century | Saigoneer"
2475:
The King at the Palace Joseon Royal Court
Culture at the National Palace Museum of Korea
3750:
3530:
3461:
3008:
2909:
1733:
1713:
1077:
1076:
was cross-collar closing to the right, with large and wide sleeves, and with cloud and
1785:
was later changed into the (original) blue with red trim similar to its Chinese model.
1055:(a knee covering) which hangs in the central region of the front skirt; the colour of
809:-bird pattern on the robe. The little flowers looks like a small wheel-shaped flower.
3808:
3793:
3278:
3247:
2983:
2978:
2807:
2180:
2078:
1964:
1737:
899:
800:
3426:
3160:
3114:
2904:
2884:
2686:
2003:"Empress Liu's "Icon of Maitreya": Portraiture and Privacy at the Early Song Court"
1499:
1440:
1430:
1220:
1038:
969:
957:
895:
625:
503:
499:
479:
461:
325:
321:
156:
89:
2544:
2517:
2452:
2430:
2062:
1793:
Princesses Consort on their marriage to the Crown Prince and on major ceremonies (
1490:, when Goryeo adopted the official ceremonial attire of the Ming dynasty. In the
981:(a kind of woven fabric). When empress wears the huiyi, she also needs to wear a
844:
consists of an upper garment and a lower garment which represents the concept of
3479:
3447:
3358:
3175:
3064:
2262:"Jeogui: The Most Formal Ceremonial Robe of the Joseon Queens | Curator's Picks"
1729:, following extensive reforms. The daesu was then worn until the end of Joseon.
953:
513:
2145:
Zhang, Shuhua; Shanat, Musdi bin Hj; Abdullah, Qistina Donna Lee (2021-03-31).
1645:
for short). The daesam is believed to be similar in form to the Ming dynasty's
3682:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3442:
3165:
3109:
2286:"The Rites of Zhou : 天官冢宰 - 褘衣、揄狄、闕狄、鞠衣、展衣、緣衣、素沙。 - Chinese Text Project"
2163:
799:), which originated from the Buddhism's Rotating King and from the era of the
2391:
2172:
2070:
2018:
1712:) which was worn from by the Chinese empresses. The jeokgwan was bestowed to
3469:
3262:
3257:
3190:
3074:
2823:
2339:
2196:
1772:, and is characterized as a predominant red outfit with a similarity to the
1646:
3615:
2371:
734:-bird pattern aligns with the traditional colour concept in Confucianism.
358:. It is a formal wear meant only for ceremonial purposes. It is a form of
3666:
3661:
3363:
3314:
3309:
3231:
3195:
3069:
3013:
2925:
2319:
1224:
982:
443:
38:
324:
and by the empresses and crown princesses (wife of crown prince) in the
3525:
3389:
3200:
2993:
2941:
2026:
2002:
2662:"ĐỊCH Y (PHEASANT ATTIRE)- The Most Solemn Attire of a Female Consort"
3729:
3724:
3719:
3583:
3551:
3504:
3368:
3185:
3180:
3150:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3028:
3003:
2998:
2988:
2889:
2220:
1969:
1826:
Queens Consort on their coronation ceremony and on major ceremonies (
1774:
1726:
1674:
1603:
1527:
1491:
1232:
1228:
1014:
921:
911:
857:
776:
624:
is itself the most orthodox style of clothing in traditional Chinese
613:
547:
423:
405:
387:
361:
179:
2221:"中国古代の「褘衣」に関する一試論 [Study on "hui yi (褘衣)" of Ancient China]"
1081:
paintings, the di bird pattern which decorates the belts is denser.
1045:
is described as being dark blue in colour and there are 12 lines of
920:). Huiyi was the highest of the empresses' six occasional clothing (
1859:
The King's subsequent Queens Consort on their marriage to the King.
3692:
3687:
3636:
3631:
3567:
3410:
3353:
3324:
3216:
3145:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3084:
3079:
2973:
2792:
2787:
2717:
1959:
1837:
1804:
1759:
1722:
1703:
1659:
1651:
1632:
1593:
1579:
1565:
1541:
1517:
1477:
1426:
1210:
990:
271:
193:
898:(c. 1046 BC – 256 BC). It was first recorded and codified in the
320:), is the historical Chinese attire worn by the empresses of the
3546:
2894:
2802:
1902:
1732:
2 variations of the diyi had been developed in Korea during the
1617:, the queen wore a plain red ceremonial robe with wide sleeves (
1236:
2690:
3252:
2609:"Hwanghu-jeogui(Empress' Ceremonial Attire) - Heritage Search"
2151:
International Journal of Service Management and Sustainability
1239:
and flower hairpins. The quedi is dyed in red instead of blue.
1219:
The Huiyi was also the ceremonial dress of the empress in the
2477:. Ro Myounggu, Park Suhee. 국립고궁박물관. 2015. pp. 118–122.
2839:
Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list)
870:
as the circle and the square of the world. The back of the
16:
Chinese ceremonial attire for empresses and crown princess
576:'pheasant garments') which was dyed in red, and
1664:
Korean pair of phesants motif, Joseon or Korean Empire.
1439:
was found as a textile within the formal attire of the
492:, Sui, Tang, Song, Ming dynasties under various names:
1917:
1059:
has the same colour as the bottom of the lower skirt.
334:
also had different names based on its colour, such as
1434:
1223:. In the Ming dynasty, the huiyi was composed of the
894:
is an ancient system which was first recorded in the
871:
839:
829:
823:
813:
804:
786:
762:
752:
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729:
723:
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359:
352:
344:
336:
329:
306:
282:
240:
161:
94:
1975:
Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing
1851:
1818:
1494:, the official dress worn by queens was wearing the
600:
Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing
221:
3768:
3743:
3712:
3705:
3675:
3624:
3608:
3592:
3576:
3560:
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2966:
2959:
2934:
2918:
2877:
2816:
2780:
2754:
2731:
2724:
2597:
In the event that the first Queen Consort had died.
2225:
Research Bulletin of Osaka Shoin Women's University
215:
210:
192:
178:
173:
155:
148:
143:
125:
111:
106:
88:
81:
76:
64:
50:
45:
21:
1744:During the Joseon dynasty, the diyi was known as "
989:, with blue socks and shoes, along with a pair of
1067:The literature which describes the Song dynasty
2613:Cultural Heritage Administration - English Site
2376:. Han'guk Kukche Kyoryu Chaedan. Seoul, Korea.
1915:
1049:birds which stand together in pair. There is a
1875:Restoration of Korean queen's jeogui and daesu
2702:
131:
117:
56:
8:
1841:
1831:
1808:
1798:
1763:
1753:
1707:
1697:
1656:Korean ihwa motifs, Joseon or Korean Empire.
1636:
1626:
1597:
1587:
1569:
1559:
1545:
1535:
1521:
1511:
1481:
1471:
275:
265:
198:
184:
571:
449:
255:
3789:
3709:
3494:
3297:
2963:
2728:
2709:
2695:
2687:
2404:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1683:The Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty
1035:Records of Chariots and Horses and Clothes
207:
140:
73:
2162:
1026:), being deep blue and is decorated with
710:). The pattern of paired pheasant on the
2373:Hanbok : Timeless fashion tradition
1679:Cultural Heritage Administration website
1450:
836:harmony between Heaven, earth, and space
741:
645:
1986:
1865:
1526:) in the late Goryeo and early Joseon,
1361:
1308:
1241:
1083:
985:, a blue inner garment and a dark blue
803:. They are placed between each pair of
2490:
2397:
2345:
1486:) in 1370 AD under the final years of
18:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2425:
2423:
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2419:
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2415:
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2306:
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2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2040:
2038:
2036:
374:), and is embroidered with long-tail
7:
2365:
2363:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2214:
2212:
2192:
2190:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1740:. The developments were as follows:
1395:Restoration of Ming dynasty empress
761:The small circular flowers known as
2549:Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture
2522:Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture
2457:Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture
2435:Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture
1919:粵考成周之遺制、宜加太妃之新封、于以彰保佑之功、于以盡哀榮之禮。於戲，
1609:In early Joseon, from the reign of
1345:(褘衣) from the Chinese encyclopedia
1322:(褘衣) from the Chinese encyclopedia
594:Cultural significance and symbolism
2607:Cultural Heritage Administration.
1462:Korean queens started to wear the
1215:Empress wearing diyi, Ming dynasty
14:
2878:Belief system and social movement
1901:(Dệt nên triều đại) published by
3788:
2718:Traditional Han Chinese clothing
2555:from the original on 2021-12-22.
2528:from the original on 2021-12-22.
2463:from the original on 2021-12-22.
2441:from the original on 2021-12-22.
2206:, XICI.net, Retrieved 2009-12-08
1880:
1868:
1673:worn by the Korean empresses in
1403:
1388:
1376:
1364:
1334:
1318:Illustration of a woman wearing
1311:
1292:
1280:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1194:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1146:
1134:
1122:
1110:
1098:
1086:
684:-bird pattern forms part of the
674:) of the Song and Ming dynasties
524:also has several forms, such as
31:
2672:from the original on 2021-07-09
2619:from the original on 2021-12-09
1299:Empress xiaoduan wearing quedi.
490:Northern and Southern dynasties
2321:5000 years of Chinese costumes
1842:
1832:
1809:
1799:
1781:During the Korean Empire, the
1764:
1754:
1708:
1698:
1637:
1627:
1598:
1588:
1570:
1560:
1546:
1536:
1522:
1512:
1482:
1472:
926:
916:
907:
862:
853:
781:
772:
757:of the Song and Ming dynasties
707:
699:
552:
482:. Since the Zhou dynasty, the
428:
419:
410:
392:
383:
301:
293:
276:
266:
251:
222:
162:
132:
118:
95:
57:
1:
2370:Lee, Samuel Songhoon (2013).
2063:10.1080/0147037X.2021.1896866
618:system. The garment known as
3815:Chinese traditional clothing
2859:Chinese ornamental gold silk
2817:Textile decoration and craft
2045:Wang, Yuanfei (2021-07-03).
1008:) shows illustration of the
538:) which was dyed in indigo (
488:continued to be worn in the
260:'pheasant garment';
3637:Xiangnang (fragrant sachet)
2900:Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)
2733:Garment and neckline (list)
1852:
1819:
1498:which was adopted from the
1435:
872:
840:
830:
824:
814:
805:
787:
763:
753:
747:
730:
724:
718:
712:
690:
680:
670:
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612:
606:
578:
558:
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508:
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484:
474:
456:
442:
434:
360:
353:
345:
337:
330:
307:
283:
241:
3831:
1918:
1416:Influences and derivatives
993:and other jade ornaments.
597:
3784:
2164:10.24191/ijsms.v6i1.12880
1943:Tang thương ngẫu lục 桑滄偶錄
1352:between 1700 and 1725 AD.
1329:between 1700 and 1725 AD.
1023:
1005:
960:was also blue in colour.
796:
587:
567:
543:
535:
401:
371:
317:
233:
206:
199:
185:
139:
72:
30:
26:
2266:NATIONAL MUSEUM OF KOREA
2219:Mizuko, Natsuko (2019).
1923:命服，流輝無間其存亡，馬鬣漏泉、賁飭有光於溟漠。
1410:Quedi, red coloured diyi
662:; illustration from the
638:-pheasant bird pattern.
414:) and circular flowers (
280:), also called known as
127:Traditional Chinese
1897:According to the book,
996:The early Song dynasty
630:concept of five colours
3338:Song official headwear
3333:Tang official headwear
3210:Inner and undergarment
2497:: CS1 maint: others (
2352:: CS1 maint: others (
1951:
1665:
1657:
1459:
1429:, the features of the
1216:
758:
738:Small circular flowers
675:
2292:(in Chinese (Taiwan))
1663:
1655:
1454:
1214:
745:
649:
468:Terminology and forms
3713:Traditional clothing
2001:Liu, Heping (2003).
1981:Notes and references
1574:). According to the
1443:Japanese empresses.
1165:Empress of Ningzong.
1117:Empress of GuangZong
944:Sui and Tang dynasty
217:Revised Romanization
3744:Performance costume
3735:Vietnamese clothing
3706:Influenced clothing
2767:Chinese button knot
1789:Diyi were worn by:
1736:, and later in the
1677:can be seen in the
1641:, also referred as
1348:Gujin Tushu Jicheng
1325:Gujin Tushu Jicheng
1201:Empress of Gaozong.
1141:Empress of Zhenzong
1093:Empress of Shenzong
1041:, the Song dynasty
1012:as being a form of
704:traditional Chinese
688:and is referred as
656:motif are known as
628:; its usage of the
432:). It is worn with
298:traditional Chinese
37:Diyi worn with the
3490:Accessories (list)
3272:Religious clothing
2849:Lishui (sea-waves)
2834:Chinese embroidery
2578:academic.naver.com
2202:2011-07-16 at the
1716:in late Goryeo by
1666:
1658:
1460:
1358:Modern Restoration
1217:
1189:Empress of Renzong
1177:Empress of Qinzong
1153:Empress of Huizong
1129:Empress of Qinzong
759:
696:simplified Chinese
676:
290:simplified Chinese
3802:
3801:
3764:
3763:
3701:
3700:
3652:Yufu (fish tally)
3642:Hu (ritual baton)
3609:Ribbons and knots
3456:
3455:
3287:
3286:
2955:
2954:
2869:Chinese patchwork
2793:Shangjian xiafeng
2383:978-1-62412-056-5
1488:Gongmin of Goryeo
1383:Rear view of diyi
1371:Side view of diyi
785:), also known as
632:, and the use of
574:
452:
258:
237:
236:
229:
228:
169:
168:
150:Standard Mandarin
102:
101:
83:Standard Mandarin
3822:
3792:
3791:
3710:
3657:Yudai (fish bag)
3495:
3475:Tiger-head shoes
3298:
3024:Zaju chuishao fu
2964:
2947:Ji Li (ceremony)
2829:Chinese knotting
2729:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2688:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2589:
2588:
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2570:
2557:
2556:
2541:
2530:
2529:
2514:
2503:
2502:
2496:
2488:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2427:
2410:
2409:
2403:
2395:
2367:
2358:
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2316:
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2298:
2297:
2282:
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2258:
2233:
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2216:
2207:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2166:
2142:
2083:
2082:
2042:
2031:
2030:
1998:
1949:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1887:Chijeok-ui (赤翟衣)
1884:
1872:
1855:
1845:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1822:
1812:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1767:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1711:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1640:
1639:
1630:
1629:
1613:to the reign of
1601:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1576:Annals of Joseon
1573:
1572:
1563:
1562:
1549:
1548:
1539:
1538:
1525:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1485:
1484:
1475:
1474:
1438:
1407:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1341:Illustration of
1338:
1315:
1296:
1287:Empress Xiaoduan
1284:
1275:Empress Xiaoding
1272:
1260:
1248:
1198:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1138:
1126:
1114:
1102:
1090:
1025:
1007:
928:
918:
909:
875:
864:
855:
846:Heaven and Earth
843:
833:
827:
817:
808:
798:
790:
783:
774:
766:
756:
750:
733:
727:
721:
715:
709:
701:
693:
686:Twelve Ornaments
683:
673:
667:
661:
655:
642:Pheasant pattern
637:
623:
617:
609:
589:
581:
575:
572:
569:
561:
554:
545:
537:
529:
523:
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403:
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373:
365:
356:
348:
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333:
319:
310:
303:
295:
286:
279:
278:
269:
268:
259:
256:
253:
244:
225:
224:
208:
202:
201:
188:
187:
165:
164:
141:
135:
134:
121:
120:
98:
97:
74:
68:Pheasant garment
60:
59:
35:
19:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3780:
3760:
3739:
3697:
3671:
3620:
3604:
3588:
3572:
3556:
3535:
3509:
3484:
3462:Footwear (list)
3452:
3431:
3415:
3406:Chinese hairpin
3394:
3373:
3342:
3319:
3293:Headwear (list)
3283:
3267:
3236:
3205:
3171:Panling Lanshan
3119:
3033:
2951:
2935:Related rituals
2930:
2914:
2873:
2854:Mandarin square
2812:
2776:
2750:
2746:Mandarin collar
2741:Jiaoling youren
2725:Characteristics
2720:
2715:
2685:
2684:
2675:
2673:
2660:
2659:
2655:
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2369:
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2344:
2332:
2318:
2317:
2304:
2295:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2270:
2268:
2260:
2259:
2236:
2218:
2217:
2210:
2204:Wayback Machine
2195:
2188:
2144:
2143:
2086:
2044:
2043:
2034:
2000:
1999:
1988:
1983:
1956:
1950:
1941:
1920:
1907:Sino-Vietnamese
1899:Weaving a Realm
1895:
1888:
1885:
1876:
1873:
1449:
1423:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1399:
1393:
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1199:
1190:
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1166:
1163:
1154:
1151:
1142:
1139:
1130:
1127:
1118:
1115:
1106:
1103:
1094:
1091:
1037:written in the
1030:bird patterns.
966:
946:
888:
883:
820:
751:motif from the
740:
644:
602:
596:
470:
65:Literal meaning
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3828:
3826:
3818:
3817:
3807:
3806:
3800:
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3797:
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3722:
3716:
3714:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3683:Longevity lock
3679:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
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3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3531:Fangxingquling
3528:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3501:
3499:
3492:
3486:
3485:
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3472:
3466:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
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3437:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3416:
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3408:
3402:
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3396:
3395:
3393:
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3387:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3224:
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3213:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
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3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3009:Tongtianguanfu
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2919:Sumptuary laws
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2910:Hanfu movement
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2820:
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2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2691:
2683:
2682:
2666:Vietnam Centre
2653:
2629:
2599:
2590:
2558:
2531:
2504:
2483:
2466:
2444:
2411:
2382:
2359:
2330:
2302:
2277:
2234:
2208:
2186:
2084:
2032:
2013:(2): 129–190.
1985:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1955:
1952:
1939:
1903:Vietnam Centre
1894:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1824:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1734:Joseon dynasty
1714:Princess Noguk
1619:daehong daesam
1492:Joseon dynasty
1448:
1445:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1402:
1400:
1394:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1340:
1333:
1331:
1317:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1263:Empress Xiaoke
1262:
1255:
1253:
1251:Empress Xiaohe
1250:
1243:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1085:
965:
962:
958:Tang dynasties
945:
942:
887:
884:
882:
879:
819:
811:
801:Maurya dynasty
739:
736:
643:
640:
595:
592:
469:
466:
235:
234:
231:
230:
227:
226:
219:
213:
212:
211:Transcriptions
204:
203:
196:
190:
189:
182:
176:
175:
171:
170:
167:
166:
159:
153:
152:
146:
145:
144:Transcriptions
137:
136:
129:
123:
122:
115:
109:
108:
104:
103:
100:
99:
92:
86:
85:
79:
78:
77:Transcriptions
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
54:
48:
47:
43:
42:
36:
28:
27:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3827:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3795:
3794:List of Hanfu
3787:
3786:
3783:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3279:Daojiao fushi
3277:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:Lower garment
3239:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:Upper garment
3036:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2984:Qixiong ruqun
2982:
2980:
2979:Tanling ruqun
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:Set of attire
2965:
2962:
2958:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2808:List of hanfu
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2712:
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980:
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943:
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900:Rites of Zhou
897:
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3018:
2905:Yin and Yang
2885:Confucianism
2674:. Retrieved
2665:
2656:
2645:. Retrieved
2641:
2632:
2621:. Retrieved
2612:
2602:
2593:
2582:. Retrieved
2577:
2548:
2545:"Daesam(大衫)"
2521:
2518:"Jeogui(翟衣)"
2474:
2469:
2456:
2447:
2434:
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2320:
2294:. Retrieved
2289:
2280:
2269:. Retrieved
2265:
2228:
2224:
2154:
2150:
2057:(84): 3–28.
2054:
2051:Ming Studies
2050:
2010:
2006:
1942:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1916:
1910:
1905:, the diyi (
1898:
1896:
1788:
1782:
1773:
1769:
1745:
1731:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1670:
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1611:King Munjong
1608:
1503:
1500:Ming dynasty
1495:
1463:
1461:
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1431:Tang dynasty
1424:
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1305:Qing dynasty
1233:titled women
1221:Ming dynasty
1218:
1207:Ming dynasty
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949:
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891:
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886:Zhou dynasty
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626:Confucianism
603:
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480:Zhou dynasty
471:
462:Zhou dynasty
427:
409:
391:
351:
343:
335:
326:Ming Dynasty
322:Song dynasty
305:
281:
239:
238:
157:Hanyu Pinyin
90:Hanyu Pinyin
46:Chinese name
3662:Folding fan
3480:Lotus shoes
3161:Yuanlingpao
2788:Baoyi bodai
2580:(in Korean)
1850::
1840::
1830::
1817::
1807::
1797::
1762::
1752::
1706::
1696::
1635::
1625::
1615:King Seonjo
1596::
1586::
1568::
1558::
1544::
1534::
1520::
1510::
1480::
1470::
822:The use of
514:Han dynasty
274::
264::
174:Korean name
3647:Fu (tally)
3443:Honggaitou
3166:Fanlingpao
3110:Shuitianyi
2676:2021-07-01
2647:2021-07-01
2623:2021-02-19
2584:2021-12-21
2574:"네이버 학술정보"
2453:"Hapi(霞帔)"
2431:"Jeokgwan"
2296:2021-06-15
2271:2021-12-22
2197:历代皇后最典型的翟衣
1783:chijeok-ui
1746:Chijeok-ui
1718:Empress Ma
1237:wild fowls
782:Xiǎolúnhuā
764:xiaolunhua
748:Xiaolunhua
716:is called
598:See also:
429:xiǎolúnhuā
3769:Cosmetics
3676:Jewellery
3540:Shoulders
3470:Xiuhuaxie
3263:Mamianqun
3258:Baidiequn
3075:Daxiushan
2755:Fastening
2493:cite book
2400:cite book
2392:944510449
2348:cite book
2290:ctext.org
2231:: 95–100.
2181:233598733
2173:2550-1569
2079:237435511
2071:0147-037X
2019:0004-3648
1853:daeryebok
1820:daeryebok
1647:daxiushan
1602:), and a
440:known as
376:pheasants
3809:Category
3756:Guzhuang
3667:Tuanshan
3625:Portable
3364:Liangmao
3315:Fengguan
3310:Mianguan
3232:Maweiqun
3070:Baijiayi
3065:Chang'ao
3014:Xuanduan
2960:Garments
2926:Tifayifu
2864:Goldwork
2844:Xiangyun
2670:Archived
2617:Archived
2553:Archived
2526:Archived
2461:Archived
2439:Archived
2340:19814728
2200:Archived
1954:See also
1940:—
1690:bonggwan
1504:jeokgwan
979:zhicheng
788:falunhua
691:huachong
653:huachong
650:Pair of
444:fengguan
39:fengguan
3776:Huadian
3526:Yunjian
3521:Yingluo
3399:Hairpin
3390:Wangjin
3227:Moxiong
3201:Feiyufu
3176:Longpao
3105:Hechang
2994:Xiuhefu
2942:Guan Li
2824:Diancui
2772:Zimukou
2027:3249683
1893:Vietnam
1552:pyeseul
1457:jeokui.
1455:Korean
1433:-style
1078:dragons
1033:In the
1020:Chinese
1002:Chinese
998:sanlitu
968:In the
930:). The
904:Chinese
881:History
863:Liangyi
850:Chinese
793:Chinese
769:Chinese
584:Chinese
564:Chinese
540:Chinese
532:Chinese
460:in the
416:Chinese
398:Chinese
380:Chinese
368:Chinese
314:Chinese
248:Chinese
113:Chinese
52:Chinese
3730:Ryusou
3725:Hanbok
3720:Kimono
3616:Lào zi
3584:Yaoqun
3552:Xiapei
3505:Lingzi
3369:Weimao
3196:Zhisun
3181:Mangfu
3156:Zhiduo
3151:Daopao
3131:Shenyi
3100:Pifeng
3029:Shanku
3004:Bianfu
2999:Mianfu
2989:Qungua
2890:Taoism
2781:Styles
2762:Pankou
2481:
2390:
2380:
2338:
2328:
2179:
2171:
2077:
2069:
2025:
2017:
1970:Shenyi
1947:Page 5
1846:;
1836:;
1828:Korean
1813:;
1803:;
1795:Korean
1775:wonsam
1770:jeokui
1758:;
1750:Korean
1727:binyeo
1702:;
1694:Korean
1675:Joseon
1671:jeokui
1643:daesam
1631:;
1623:Korean
1592:;
1584:Korean
1564:;
1556:Korean
1540:;
1532:Korean
1516:;
1508:Korean
1496:jeokui
1476:;
1468:Korean
1464:jeokui
1229:xiapei
1227:, the
1022::
1015:shenyi
1004::
972:, the
924::
922:pinyin
917:Zhouli
914::
912:pinyin
906::
873:shenyi
860::
858:pinyin
852::
841:shenyi
838:. The
831:shenyi
825:shenyi
818:system
815:Shenyi
795::
779::
777:pinyin
771::
722:. The
719:yaohui
706::
698::
659:yaohui
621:shenyi
614:shenyi
586::
566::
550::
548:pinyin
542::
534::
509:miaofu
506:, and
426::
424:pinyin
418::
408::
406:pinyin
400::
390::
388:pinyin
382::
370::
362:shenyi
350:, and
328:. The
316::
308:miaofu
304:) and
300::
292::
270:;
262:Korean
250::
223:Jeogui
180:Hangul
3693:Jinbu
3688:Yupei
3632:Hebao
3577:Waist
3568:Yajin
3561:Chest
3427:Shubi
3411:Buyao
3385:Fujin
3359:Damao
3354:Humao
3325:Futou
3217:Dudou
3186:Tieli
3146:Paofu
3136:Zhiju
3095:Beizi
3085:Banbi
3080:Bijia
2974:Ruqun
2798:Fuyao
2177:S2CID
2075:S2CID
2023:JSTOR
1960:Hanfu
1838:Hanja
1805:Hanja
1768:) or
1760:Hanja
1723:gache
1704:Hanja
1633:Hanja
1594:Hanja
1580:baeja
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1478:Hanja
1447:Korea
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1436:huiyi
1427:Japan
1421:Japan
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1320:huiyi
1074:huiyi
1069:huiyi
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1010:huiyi
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937:huiyi
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272:Hanja
194:Hanja
163:Huīyī
107:Huiyi
3751:Xifu
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3547:Pibo
3514:Neck
3498:Head
3448:Mili
3436:Veil
3420:Comb
3302:Guan
3222:Hezi
3191:Yesa
3141:Quju
3124:Robe
3090:Dahu
3055:Shan
3019:Diyi
2895:Wufu
2803:Hufu
2499:link
2479:ISBN
2406:link
2388:OCLC
2378:ISBN
2354:link
2336:OCLC
2326:ISBN
2169:ISSN
2067:ISSN
2055:2021
2015:ISSN
1945:（卷下）
1933:mạc.
1929:mạc.
1725:and
1638:大紅大衫
1628:대홍대삼
1604:hapi
1528:hapi
1397:diyi
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987:bixi
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890:The
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713:diyi
678:The
665:diyi
607:diyi
604:The
573:lit.
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527:yudi
521:Diyi
502:and
500:Zhou
485:diyi
475:diyi
472:The
451:lit.
436:guan
338:yudi
331:diyi
257:lit.
242:Diyi
96:Díyī
22:Diyi
3593:Lap
3378:Jin
3347:Mao
3253:Qun
2159:doi
2059:doi
1843:大禮服
1833:대례복
1810:大禮服
1800:대례복
1765:雉翟衣
1755:치적의
1748:" (
1550:),
1425:In
1006:三礼图
954:Sui
952:in
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773:小輪花
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411:hui
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1024:深衣
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908:周礼
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