894:
34:
795:
993:, in a 1981 MDAIK paper noted that the marks and inscriptions of the blocks from Khufu's boat pit seem to form a coherent collection relating to the different stages of the same building project realised by Djedefre's crews. Verner stresses that such marks and inscriptions usually pertained to the breaking of the blocks in the quarry, their transportation, their storage and manipulation in the building site itself: "In this context, the attribution of just a single inscription—and what is more, the only one with a date—on all the blocks from the boat pit to somebody other than Djedefra does not seem very plausible."
905:
883:
1015:
1327:
1045:
in later periods while "the king's statues smashed as late as the 2nd century AD." During the Roman period (c. 2000 years ago), Djedefre's pyramid was quarried for its stone and, as such, there is little left standing today. The 20th century has also not been kind to this monument – during the last century, it was used as a military camp and its proximity to
620:
570:
194:
1044:
While
Egyptologists previously assumed that his pyramid at this heavily denuded site was unfinished upon his death, more recent excavations from 1995 to 2005 have established that it was indeed completed. The most recent evidence indicates that its current state is the result of extensive plundering
1064:
Due to the poor condition of Abu Rawash, only small traces of his mortuary complex have been found. Only the rough ground plan of his mud brick mortuary temple was able to be traced—with some difficulty—"in the usual place on the east face of the pyramid." His pyramid causeway proved to run from
996:
Verner also notes that the French-Swiss team excavating
Djedefre's pyramid have discovered that this king's pyramid was really finished in his reign. According to Vallogia, Djedefre's pyramid largely made use of a natural rock promontory which represented around 45% of its core; the side of the
833:(“Eldest King's Son of His Body; Unique Servant of the King”) known from a scribe statue found in his father's pyramid complex. It is possible that he ruled for a short while after his father's death; an unfinished pyramid at Zawiyet el-Arian was started for a ruler whose name ends in
935:
notes that in the work crew's mason marks and inscriptions, "either
Djedefra's throne name or his Golden Horus name occur exclusively." Verner writes that the current academic opinion regarding the attribution of this date to Djedefre is disputed among Egyptologists:
985:
attribute this date to Khufu instead on the assumption "that the ceiling block with the date had been brought to the building site of the boat pit already in Khufu's time and placed in position as late as during the burial of the funerary boat in
Djedefre's time."
1005:
was annual, or 22 years if it was biennial; Verner, himself, supports the shorter, 11-year figure and notes that "the relatively few monuments and records left by
Djedefra do not seem to favour a very long reign" for this king.
1001:'s own pyramid. Therefore, the argument that Djedefre enjoyed a short reign because his pyramid was unfinished is somewhat discredited. This means that Djedefre likely ruled Egypt for a minimum of 11 years if the
931:. The anonymous year of the 11th count date presumably of Djedefre was found written on the underside of one of the massive roofing-block beams which covered Khufu's southern boat-pits by Egyptian work crews.
1052:
Some believe that the sphinx of his wife, Hetepheres II, which was part of
Djedefre's pyramid complex, was the first sphinx created. In 2004, evidence that Djedefre was responsible for the building of the
33:
843:(“King's Daughter of His Body; God's Wife”) is known from a statue fragment from Abu Rowash. Until recently, she was believed to be the mother of a pharaoh of the next dynasty, either
870:
Nikaudjedefre (“King's Son of His Body”) was buried in Tomb F15 in Abu Rowash; it is possible that he wasn't a son of
Djedefre but lived later and his title was only honorary.
4826:
1293:
4910:
817:, after Djedefre's death. Another queen, Khentetenka is known from statue fragments in the Abu Rowash mortuary temple. Known children of Djedefre are:
4841:
4836:
893:
4816:
4811:
997:
pyramid was 200 cubits long and its height was 125 cubits. The original volume of the monument of
Djedefre, hence, approximately equalled that of
4821:
4801:
4806:
4796:
2576:
2364:
789:
4785:
3546:
3262:
2130:
1390:
1364:
4905:
1090:
927:
credits him with a rule of eight years, but the highest known year referred to during this reign appears to be the year of his 11th
794:
1290:
494:
455:
421:
385:
904:
594:
547:
476:
473:
403:
351:
281:
253:
4920:
4038:
511:
316:
213:
99:
90:
4831:
4088:
3815:
3671:
597:
591:
550:
479:
470:
406:
400:
348:
346:
345:
278:
171:
142:
827:(“Eldest King's Son”) known from a statue base found in Djedefre's mortuary temple, depicting him with his wife Hetepheres.
4384:
4174:
4106:
3971:
3838:
3748:
3561:
1679:
3956:
3893:
3176:
1192:
Miroslav Verner, Archaeological
Remarks on the 4th and 5th Dynasty Chronology, Archiv Orientální, Volume 69: 2001, p.375
4317:
3426:
3338:
2823:
2600:
2591:
4915:
4851:
4146:
3479:
3216:
3043:
2975:
1557:
4667:
2438:
2512:
2283:
2145:
886:
Cartouche name of
Djedefre in the Abydos-List - name shows honorific transposition, being written in the order
982:
4352:
4267:
4244:
2561:
2423:
2360:
2149:
1949:
1765:
745:
713:
4856:
4846:
4394:
4373:
4292:
3206:
3066:
2676:
2310:
2270:
2064:
2006:
1890:
1694:
1357:
4866:
4342:
4307:
4287:
4277:
4239:
2743:
2097:
1337:
769:
2839:
967:
1065:
north to south rather than the more conventional east to west, while no valley temple has been found.
856:
4367:
4322:
3695:
3323:
3258:
3111:
3106:
2813:
2808:
2661:
2087:
1875:
1754:
1331:
1054:
1002:
749:
702:
4357:
4332:
4297:
4234:
3609:
3584:
2788:
2783:
2207:
1638:
1023:
941:
698:
688:
58:
952:
535:
4647:
4634:
4211:
3221:
2793:
2768:
1835:
1610:
43:
4900:
4702:
4681:
4575:
4542:
4254:
3589:
3211:
3091:
2713:
2641:
2299:
2102:
2092:
2024:
1350:
1086:
937:
4881:
4708:
4536:
4302:
4056:
3639:
2936:
2832:
2773:
2197:
2177:
362:
1083:
The political Situation in Egypt during the second intermediate Period: c. 1800 - 1550 B.C.
972:
4653:
4623:
4582:
4518:
4262:
4192:
4062:
3401:
3056:
2778:
2172:
1810:
1778:
1617:
1297:
978:
932:
924:
1123:
861:
821:
Hornit (“Eldest King's Son of His Body”) known from a statue depicting him and his wife.
4861:
4749:
4547:
4508:
4226:
4182:
4051:
3135:
3061:
2891:
2763:
2723:
2471:
2323:
2288:
2278:
2212:
2167:
2049:
2044:
1624:
1603:
1569:
1035:
963:
830:
432:
957:
4894:
4428:
4327:
4159:
4129:
3805:
3660:
3517:
3386:
3226:
3201:
3151:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2738:
2545:
2476:
2466:
2328:
2082:
1830:
1773:
1726:
1563:
1522:
990:
824:
813:, who was sister to both of them, and who perhaps married a third brother of theirs,
810:
772:; his mother is not known for certain. He is the king who introduced the royal title
753:
737:
648:
4513:
4347:
4337:
4312:
4164:
4114:
4073:
3799:
3711:
3599:
3512:
3492:
3411:
3376:
3371:
3196:
2906:
2728:
2718:
2681:
2636:
2550:
2540:
2530:
2446:
2162:
2039:
1848:
1789:
1649:
1596:
1501:
1058:
946:
928:
882:
866:
found the names of two other possible children of Djedefre in the pyramid complex:
840:
776:(meaning “Son of Ra”) and the first to connect his cartouche name with the sun god
1014:
4617:
4562:
4413:
4362:
4282:
4154:
4046:
4028:
3986:
3897:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3732:
3716:
3689:
3654:
3644:
3579:
3532:
3522:
3507:
3497:
3444:
3406:
3381:
3361:
3351:
3117:
3101:
3076:
3071:
2871:
2798:
2708:
2691:
2646:
2621:
2555:
2535:
2520:
2502:
2232:
2227:
2034:
1861:
1841:
1655:
1589:
1580:
1464:
4734:
4688:
4641:
4596:
4568:
4389:
4272:
4197:
4124:
4013:
3828:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3738:
3726:
3706:
3679:
3649:
3629:
3574:
3527:
3502:
3434:
3396:
3366:
3356:
3096:
2896:
2886:
2656:
2651:
2616:
2525:
2497:
2318:
2222:
2217:
2202:
2187:
1995:
1989:
1903:
1631:
1449:
1386:
1038:
1027:
913:
873:
Hetepheres (“King's Daughter of His Body”) was mentioned on a statue fragment.
39:
4674:
4589:
4552:
4478:
4472:
4399:
4379:
4096:
4078:
4023:
4003:
3866:
3701:
3684:
3634:
3487:
3454:
3449:
3391:
3190:
3011:
2964:
2876:
2853:
2626:
2492:
2461:
2029:
1855:
1736:
1473:
652:
2916:
1326:
1022:
Djedefre continued the move north in the location of pyramids by building
662:
Setka, Baka, Hernet, Neferhetepes, Hetepheres ?, Nikaudjedefre ?
564:
241:
130:
4744:
4739:
4728:
4695:
4610:
4603:
4557:
4529:
4523:
4488:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4068:
4008:
3851:
3823:
3416:
3346:
3158:
3144:
3124:
3086:
2998:
2943:
2901:
2733:
2703:
2666:
2611:
2456:
2333:
2238:
2182:
2077:
1984:
1978:
1933:
1817:
1803:
1796:
1783:
1747:
1487:
998:
1244:
Michel Vallogia, Études sur l'Ancien Empire et la nécropole de Saqqara (
4721:
4660:
4503:
4187:
3998:
3992:
3980:
3861:
3856:
3793:
3772:
3617:
3569:
3469:
3459:
3184:
3081:
3051:
3033:
3022:
3005:
2957:
2950:
2881:
2803:
2451:
2259:
2245:
2157:
2108:
2014:
1957:
1908:
1741:
1731:
1711:
1644:
1494:
1373:
844:
761:
741:
51:
4628:
4498:
4135:
4018:
3623:
3594:
3464:
3439:
3231:
3165:
2991:
2984:
2911:
2866:
2860:
2686:
2606:
2192:
2019:
1972:
1926:
1898:
1824:
1702:
1661:
1543:
1508:
1480:
909:
898:
848:
814:
799:
81:
4714:
4493:
4483:
4461:
4119:
3028:
3016:
2929:
2846:
2697:
2631:
2293:
2115:
1962:
1920:
1914:
1706:
1665:
1536:
1529:
1515:
1046:
1013:
903:
892:
881:
806:
793:
765:
670:
111:
71:
4466:
4456:
3846:
3721:
2922:
2252:
2072:
2054:
1939:
1721:
1716:
1550:
1031:
4774:
3891:
3256:
2358:
1384:
1346:
2671:
1342:
798:
Statue of Setka inscribed with his name and titles, in the
777:
575:
264:
155:
764:. Djedefre was the son and immediate throne successor of
1057:
in the image of his father was reported by the French
1277:
1275:
583:
539:
447:
377:
337:
270:
245:
163:
134:
4427:
4412:
4253:
4225:
4210:
4173:
4145:
4105:
4087:
4037:
3970:
3955:
3922:
3913:
3837:
3814:
3747:
3670:
3608:
3560:
3545:
3478:
3425:
3337:
3322:
3287:
3278:
3175:
3134:
3042:
2974:
2822:
2590:
2575:
2511:
2485:
2437:
2422:
2389:
2380:
2309:
2269:
2144:
2129:
2063:
2005:
1948:
1889:
1874:
1764:
1693:
1678:
1579:
1463:
1448:
1415:
1406:
709:
694:
684:
676:
666:
658:
644:
510:
315:
212:
98:
77:
67:
57:
50:
21:
1030:, some 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the north of
27:Djedefra, Radjedef, Ratoises, Rhampsinit, Rhauosis
1308:
1306:
1265:
1263:
1200:
1198:
908:Quartzite feet of a statue of Djedefre, in the
1358:
8:
1085:, Museum Tusculanum Press, Copenhagen 1997,
1018:The ruined pyramid of Djedefre at Abu Rawash
1291:Could Djedefre's Pyramid Be A Solar Temple?
4771:
4424:
4222:
3967:
3919:
3910:
3888:
3557:
3334:
3284:
3275:
3253:
2587:
2434:
2386:
2377:
2355:
2141:
1886:
1690:
1460:
1412:
1403:
1381:
1365:
1351:
1343:
587:
543:
466:
458:
451:
396:
388:
381:
341:
274:
249:
167:
138:
95:
32:
18:
912:. The statue fragment also includes his
4911:Pharaohs of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
1074:
152:
1300:May 13, 2010, Archaeology News Network
1118:
1116:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1156:
1154:
1135:
1133:
1034:. It is the northernmost part of the
962:favour dating it to Djedefre whereas
897:Red granite head of Djedefre, in the
7:
1213:Dieter Arnold, MDAIK 37 (1981), p.28
919:, alongside a cartouche of his name.
63:10 to 14 years, c. 2566 – c. 2558 BC
1224:Baugraffiti der Ptahscepses-Mastaba
837:this could have been Setka or Baka.
790:Fourth Dynasty of Egypt family tree
16:Egyptian Pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty
1049:exposed it to modern development.
855:The French excavation team led by
14:
529:The son of Ra, he endures like Ra
1325:
618:
568:
192:
38:Quartzite head of Djedefre from
1169:Dodson & Hilton, pp.56, 58
1:
4385:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
805:Djedefre married his brother
733:
518:
323:
220:
106:
1097:(The Loeb classical Library)
4318:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
1093:; William Gillian Waddell:
4937:
3217:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
2601:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
2365:Second Intermediate Period
787:
752:. He is well known by the
609:
578:
291:
267:
231:Embodied in the Two Ladies
183:
158:
4879:
4781:
4770:
4668:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
4358:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
3909:
3887:
3274:
3263:Third Intermediate Period
3252:
2376:
2354:
1402:
1391:First Intermediate Period
1380:
1257:Vallogia, op. cit., p.418
1183:Dodson & Hilton, p.61
1160:Dodson & Hilton, p.58
1148:Dodson & Hilton, p.59
1139:Dodson & Hilton, p.55
582:
517:
322:
269:
219:
162:
105:
87:
31:
26:
4906:26th-century BC pharaohs
4380:Cleopatra VII Philopator
2637:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
1395: (<3150–2040 BC)
1024:his (now ruined) pyramid
4353:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
4268:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
2562:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
4921:26th-century BC deaths
4395:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
4374:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
4368:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
4323:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
4293:Arsinoe III Philopator
3207:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
2677:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
2617:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
2208:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
1124:"Riddle of the Sphinx"
1019:
920:
901:
890:
802:
334:The most golden falcon
4343:Ptolemy X Alexander I
4308:Ptolemy VI Philometor
4288:Ptolemy IV Philopator
4283:Berenice II Euergetes
4278:Ptolemy III Euergetes
4240:Philip III Arrhidaeus
2749:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
2744:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
2098:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
1017:
907:
896:
885:
797:
770:Great Pyramid of Giza
768:, the builder of the
4776:Dynastic genealogies
4400:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
3696:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
3610:High Priests of Amun
3112:Merankhre Mentuhotep
2814:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
2809:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
2662:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
2369: (2040–1550 BC)
2088:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
1338:Riddle of the Sphinx
1334:at Wikimedia Commons
1126:. December 23, 2009.
703:Great Sphinx of Giza
4298:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
4235:Alexander the Great
3267: (1550–664 BC)
2789:Mershepsesre Ini II
2784:Merkawre Sobekhotep
2178:Neferkare IV Khendu
1226:, Praha 1992. p.184
989:The German scholar
699:Pyramid of Djedefre
689:Pyramid of Djedefre
120:Embodiment of Horus
4635:Trebonianus Gallus
3222:Senakhtenre Ahmose
2840:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
2794:Sewahenre Senebmiu
2769:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
2198:Neferkare V Tereru
2168:Neferkare III Neby
1836:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
1296:2020-11-19 at the
1020:
921:
902:
891:
803:
444:He endures like Ra
374:He endures like Ra
4916:Children of Khufu
4888:
4887:
4875:
4874:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4682:Claudius Gothicus
4576:Severus Alexander
4543:Septimius Severus
4408:
4407:
4206:
4205:
3951:
3950:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3590:Osorkon the Elder
3541:
3540:
3318:
3317:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3212:Nubkheperre Intef
3092:Sekhemre Shedwast
2714:Sehetepkare Intef
2642:Semenkare Nebnuni
2571:
2570:
2418:
2417:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2125:
2124:
2103:Netjerkare Siptah
2025:Neferirkare Kakai
1870:
1869:
1674:
1673:
1444:
1443:
1330:Media related to
1281:Clayton, pp.50-51
968:Anthony Spalinger
938:Rainer Stadelmann
756:form of his name
719:
718:
638:
637:
634:
633:
630:
629:
626:
625:
613:
612:
605:
604:
601:
600:
559:
558:
555:
554:
506:
505:
502:
501:
498:
497:
491:
490:
483:
482:
429:
428:
425:
424:
418:
417:
410:
409:
359:
358:
355:
354:
311:
310:
307:
306:
303:
302:
295:
294:
289:
288:
285:
284:
261:
260:
257:
256:
208:
207:
204:
203:
200:
199:
187:
186:
179:
178:
175:
174:
150:
149:
146:
145:
4928:
4882:List of pharaohs
4772:
4537:Pescennius Niger
4425:
4421:
4420:
4333:Ptolemy IX Soter
4303:Cleopatra I Syra
4223:
4219:
4218:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3920:
3911:
3904:
3903:
3889:
3640:Djedkhonsuefankh
3558:
3554:
3553:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3305:
3300:
3285:
3276:
3269:
3268:
3254:
2847:Qareh Khawoserre
2833:Yakbim Sekhaenre
2774:Mersekhemre Ined
2588:
2584:
2583:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2387:
2378:
2371:
2370:
2356:
2142:
2138:
2137:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1413:
1404:
1397:
1396:
1382:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1344:
1329:
1313:
1310:
1301:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1270:
1267:
1258:
1255:
1249:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1111:
1104:
1098:
1079:
976:
961:
950:
865:
857:Michel Valloggia
738:ancient Egyptian
736:2558 BC) was an
735:
622:
621:
588:
584:
576:
572:
571:
565:
544:
540:
536:
519:
467:
459:
452:
448:
397:
389:
382:
378:
363:Abydos King List
342:
338:
324:
275:
271:
265:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:
224:Kheper-im-nebti
221:
196:
195:
168:
164:
156:
139:
135:
131:
127:
126:
107:
96:
36:
19:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4871:
4777:
4754:
4654:Macrianus Minor
4583:Maximinus Thrax
4519:Marcus Aurelius
4418:
4417:
4416:
4404:
4263:Ptolemy I Soter
4249:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4202:
4169:
4141:
4101:
4083:
4063:Psammetichus IV
4033:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3947:
3925:
3916:
3905:
3902:(664 BC–313 AD)
3901:
3900:
3871:
3833:
3810:
3806:Menkheperre Ini
3743:
3666:
3604:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3537:
3474:
3421:
3402:Neferneferuaten
3328:
3327:
3326:
3314:
3313:
3303:
3298:
3297:Pharaohs
3290:
3281:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3236:
3171:
3130:
3057:Sobekhotep VIII
3038:
2970:
2818:
2779:Sewadjkare Hori
2581:
2580:
2579:
2567:
2507:
2481:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2414:
2392:
2383:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2338:
2305:
2265:
2173:Djedkare Shemai
2135:
2134:
2133:
2121:
2059:
2001:
1944:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1866:
1760:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1670:
1575:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1440:
1418:
1409:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1376:
1371:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1304:
1298:Wayback Machine
1289:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1268:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1131:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1106:Alan B. Lloyd:
1105:
1101:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1061:Vassil Dobrev.
1012:
1010:Pyramid complex
979:Jean Vercoutter
970:
955:
944:
933:Miroslav Verner
925:Turin King List
880:
859:
792:
786:
724:(also known as
640:
639:
619:
569:
551:
527:
523:
446:
442:
438:
436:
430:
376:
372:
368:
366:
360:
347:
336:
332:
328:
229:
225:
193:
118:
114:
93:
46:
44:Musée du Louvre
17:
12:
11:
5:
4934:
4932:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4893:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4775:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4750:Maximinus Daza
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4509:Antoninus Pius
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4433:
4431:
4422:
4419:(30 BC–313 AD)
4410:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4259:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4220:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4183:Artaxerxes III
4179:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4059:
4054:
4052:Petubastis III
4049:
4043:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3989:
3984:
3976:
3974:
3965:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3917:
3914:
3907:
3906:
3892:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3820:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3555:
3547:3 Intermediate
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3332:
3329:(1550–1070 BC)
3320:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3272:
3271:
3257:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3140:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3062:Neferhotep III
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2980:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2892:Sewadjkare III
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2861:Maaibre Sheshi
2857:
2854:'Ammu Ahotepre
2850:
2843:
2836:
2828:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2764:Merhotepre Ini
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2724:Sobekhotep III
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2596:
2594:
2585:
2582:(1802–1550 BC)
2577:2 Intermediate
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2472:Mentuhotep III
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2441:
2432:
2429:(2040–1802 BC)
2424:Middle Kingdom
2420:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2374:
2373:
2361:Middle Kingdom
2359:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2324:Neferkare VIII
2321:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2296:
2291:
2289:Nebkaure Khety
2286:
2281:
2279:Meryibre Khety
2275:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2213:Neferkamin Anu
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2139:
2136:(2181–2040 BC)
2131:1 Intermediate
2127:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2050:Djedkare Isesi
2047:
2045:Menkauhor Kaiu
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1918:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1881:(2686–2181 BC)
1872:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1688:
1685:(3150–2686 BC)
1680:Early Dynastic
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1659:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1469:
1467:
1458:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1400:
1399:
1385:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1321:
1320:External links
1318:
1315:
1314:
1302:
1283:
1271:
1259:
1250:
1237:
1228:
1215:
1206:
1194:
1185:
1171:
1162:
1150:
1141:
1129:
1112:
1099:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1055:Sphinx at Giza
1011:
1008:
964:Wolfgang Helck
879:
876:
875:
874:
871:
853:
852:
838:
828:
822:
785:
782:
760:(Ῥατοίσης) by
717:
716:
711:
707:
706:
696:
692:
691:
686:
682:
681:
678:
674:
673:
668:
664:
663:
660:
656:
655:
646:
642:
641:
636:
635:
632:
631:
628:
627:
624:
623:
616:
614:
611:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
599:
598:
595:
592:
580:
579:
573:
562:
560:
557:
556:
553:
552:
548:
532:
531:
515:
514:
508:
507:
504:
503:
500:
499:
496:
495:
492:
489:
488:
485:
484:
481:
480:
477:
474:
471:
463:
462:
456:
433:Saqqara Tablet
427:
426:
423:
422:
419:
416:
415:
412:
411:
408:
407:
404:
401:
393:
392:
386:
357:
356:
353:
352:
349:
320:
319:
313:
312:
309:
308:
305:
304:
301:
300:
298:
296:
293:
292:
290:
287:
286:
283:
282:
279:
268:
262:
259:
258:
255:
254:
234:
233:
217:
216:
210:
209:
206:
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:
190:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
173:
172:
160:
159:
153:
151:
148:
147:
144:
143:
123:
122:
103:
102:
94:
91:Royal titulary
89:
88:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
61:
55:
54:
48:
47:
37:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4933:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4883:
4878:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4773:
4769:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4415:
4411:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4328:Cleopatra III
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4213:
4209:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4131:
4130:Nepherites II
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3958:
3954:
3944:
3941:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3921:
3918:
3912:
3908:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3886:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3661:Psusennes III
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3552:(1069–664 BC)
3548:
3544:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3518:Ramesses VIII
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3387:Amenhotep III
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3325:
3321:
3310:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3277:
3273:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3227:Seqenenre Tao
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3202:Sobekemsaf II
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3152:Wepwawetemsaf
3149:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2759:Merneferre Ay
2757:
2755:
2754:Wahibre Ibiau
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2739:Sobekhotep IV
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2546:Amenemhat III
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2477:Mentuhotep IV
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2467:Mentuhotep II
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2379:
2375:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2329:Wahkare Khety
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2284:Neferkare VII
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:Seth-Peribsen
1829:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1774:Hotepsekhemwy
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1564:Double Falcon
1562:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1455:(pre-3150 BC)
1451:
1450:Protodynastic
1447:
1437:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1401:
1392:
1388:
1387:Protodynastic
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1312:Clayton, p.50
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1269:Verner, p.377
1266:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1248:) 1997. p.418
1247:
1241:
1238:
1235:Verner, p.376
1232:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1204:Verner, p.375
1201:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:87-7289-421-0
1088:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1016:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1000:
994:
992:
991:Dieter Arnold
987:
984:
980:
974:
969:
965:
959:
954:
948:
943:
942:Vassil Dobrev
939:
934:
930:
926:
918:
915:
911:
906:
900:
895:
889:
884:
877:
872:
869:
868:
867:
863:
858:
850:
846:
842:
839:
836:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
819:
818:
816:
812:
811:Hetepheres II
808:
801:
796:
791:
783:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
731:
727:
723:
715:
712:
708:
704:
700:
697:
693:
690:
687:
683:
679:
675:
672:
669:
665:
661:
657:
654:
650:
649:Hetepheres II
647:
643:
617:
615:
608:
596:
593:
590:
589:
586:
585:
581:
577:
574:
567:
566:
563:
561:
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
530:
526:
525:Sȝ Rˁ ḏd.f Rˁ
521:
520:
516:
513:
509:
493:
487:
486:
478:
475:
472:
469:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
457:
454:
453:
450:
449:
445:
441:
435:
434:
420:
414:
413:
405:
402:
399:
398:
395:
394:
391:
390:
387:
384:
383:
380:
379:
375:
371:
365:
364:
350:
344:
343:
340:
339:
335:
331:
326:
325:
321:
318:
314:
299:
297:
280:
277:
276:
273:
272:
266:
263:
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
228:
223:
222:
218:
215:
211:
191:
189:
182:
170:
169:
166:
165:
161:
157:
154:
141:
140:
137:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
108:
104:
101:
97:
92:
86:
83:
80:
76:
73:
70:
66:
62:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
35:
30:
25:
20:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4652:
4640:
4633:
4616:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4567:
4535:
4528:
4514:Lucius Verus
4471:
4372:
4348:Berenice III
4338:Cleopatra IV
4313:Cleopatra II
4245:Alexander IV
4165:Nectanebo II
4134:
4115:Nepherites I
4074:Artaxerxes I
4061:
3991:
3979:
3962:(664–332 BC)
3942:
3898:Roman Period
3800:Shoshenq VII
3798:
3771:
3731:
3712:Shoshenq III
3694:
3659:
3622:
3600:Psusennes II
3513:Ramesses VII
3493:Ramesses III
3377:Amenhotep II
3372:Thutmose III
3308:
3197:Sobekemsaf I
3189:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3123:
3116:
3021:
3004:
2999:'Aper-'Anati
2997:
2990:
2983:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2907:Sekheperenre
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2729:Neferhotep I
2719:Seth Meribre
2696:
2682:Djedkheperew
2599:
2560:
2551:Amenemhat IV
2541:Senusret III
2531:Amenemhat II
2447:Mentuhotep I
2409:
2298:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2163:Neferkare II
2114:
2107:
2040:Nyuserre Ini
1994:
1977:
1967:
1932:
1925:
1913:
1854:
1849:Neferkasokar
1847:
1840:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1753:
1746:
1654:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1597:Finger Snail
1595:
1588:
1568:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1435:
1286:
1253:
1245:
1240:
1231:
1223:
1218:
1209:
1188:
1165:
1144:
1107:
1102:
1094:
1082:
1081:Kim Ryholt:
1077:
1063:
1059:Egyptologist
1051:
1043:
1021:
1003:cattle count
995:
988:
953:Peter Jánosi
929:cattle count
922:
916:
887:
854:
841:Neferhetepes
834:
804:
773:
757:
729:
725:
721:
720:
528:
524:
443:
439:
431:
373:
369:
361:
333:
329:
317:Golden Horus
230:
226:
119:
115:
4618:Gordian III
4563:Diadumenian
4363:Cleopatra V
4217:(332–30 BC)
4212:Hellenistic
4155:Nectanebo I
4047:Cambyses II
4029:Psamtik III
3987:Tefnakht II
3789:Takelot III
3784:Osorkon III
3779:Shoshenq VI
3733:Pedubast II
3717:Shoshenq IV
3690:Shoshenq II
3655:Pinedjem II
3645:Menkheperre
3580:Psusennes I
3533:Ramesses XI
3523:Ramesses IX
3508:Ramesses VI
3498:Ramesses IV
3445:Ramesses II
3407:Tutankhamun
3382:Thutmose IV
3362:Thutmose II
3352:Amenhotep I
3324:New Kingdom
3259:New Kingdom
3118:Senusret IV
3102:Dedumose II
3077:Nebiriau II
3072:Nebiryraw I
3067:Mentuhotepi
2872:Khakherewre
2799:Merkheperre
2709:Imyremeshaw
2692:Sedjefakare
2647:Sehetepibre
2622:Ameny Qemau
2556:Sobekneferu
2536:Senusret II
2521:Amenemhat I
2503:Iyibkhentre
2233:Neferirkare
2228:Neferkauhor
2035:Shepseskare
1876:Old Kingdom
1862:Khasekhemwy
1842:Neferkara I
1811:Weneg-Nebty
1656:Scorpion II
1222:M. Verner,
971: [
956: [
945: [
860: [
750:Old Kingdom
748:during the
746:4th Dynasty
714:4th Dynasty
330:Bjk.jw-nb.w
327:Bikju-nebu
227:Ḫpr-m-nb.tj
68:Predecessor
4895:Categories
4735:Diocletian
4689:Quintillus
4642:Aemilianus
4597:Gordian II
4569:Elagabalus
4390:Arsinoe IV
4273:Arsinoe II
4198:Darius III
4125:Psammuthes
4014:Psamtik II
3829:Bakenranef
3767:Pedubast I
3762:Takelot II
3757:Harsiese A
3739:Osorkon IV
3727:Shoshenq V
3707:Osorkon II
3680:Shoshenq I
3650:Smendes II
3630:Pinedjem I
3575:Amenemnisu
3528:Ramesses X
3503:Ramesses V
3455:Amenmesses
3435:Ramesses I
3397:Smenkhkare
3367:Hatshepsut
3357:Thutmose I
3107:Montuemsaf
3097:Dedumose I
2897:Nebdjefare
2887:Merdjefare
2657:Nedjemibre
2652:Sewadjkare
2526:Senusret I
2498:Qakare Ini
2319:Meryhathor
2223:Neferkaure
2218:Qakare Iby
2203:Neferkahor
2188:Neferkamin
1996:Thamphthis
1990:Shepseskaf
1904:Sekhemkhet
1755:Horus Bird
1632:Scorpion I
1110:, book II.
1069:References
1039:necropolis
1028:Abu Rawash
983:W.S. Smith
914:Horus name
888:Ra-Djed-Ef
809:'s widow,
788:See also:
754:Hellenized
680:c. 2558 BC
214:Nebty name
100:Horus name
40:Abu Rawash
4867:Ptolemaic
4675:Gallienus
4590:Gordian I
4553:Caracalla
4479:Vespasian
4473:Vitellius
4255:Ptolemaic
4097:Amyrtaeus
4079:Darius II
4024:Ahmose II
4004:Psamtik I
3943:uncertain
3931:Pharaohs
3867:Tanutamun
3702:Takelot I
3685:Osorkon I
3635:Masaharta
3585:Amenemope
3488:Setnakhte
3450:Merneptah
3392:Akhenaten
3309:uncertain
3191:Nebmaatre
3012:Sakir-Har
2965:Yaqub-Har
2877:Nebefawre
2627:Hotepibre
2493:Segerseni
2462:Intef III
2410:uncertain
2398:Pharaohs
2030:Neferefre
1856:Hudjefa I
1737:Semerkhet
1474:Hedju Hor
1436:uncertain
1424:Pharaohs
1108:Herodotus
758:Rhatoisēs
744:) of the
695:Monuments
653:Khentetka
78:Successor
4901:Djedefre
4827:21 to 23
4745:Galerius
4740:Maximian
4729:Numerian
4696:Aurelian
4648:Valerian
4611:Balbinus
4604:Pupienus
4558:Macrinus
4530:Pertinax
4524:Commodus
4489:Domitian
4452:Claudius
4447:Caligula
4442:Tiberius
4437:Augustus
4057:Darius I
4009:Necho II
3852:Shebitku
3824:Tefnakht
3417:Horemheb
3347:Ahmose I
3159:Pantjeny
3145:Senebkay
3125:Pepi III
3087:Bebiankh
2944:Shenshek
2902:Nebsenre
2734:Sihathor
2704:Khendjer
2667:Renseneb
2612:Nerikare
2457:Intef II
2334:Merykare
2239:Wadjkare
2183:Merenhor
2078:Userkare
1985:Menkaure
1979:Bikheris
1968:Djedefre
1934:Qahedjet
1818:Wadjenes
1804:Horus Sa
1797:Nubnefer
1784:Nynetjer
1748:Sneferka
1488:Ni-Neith
1374:Pharaohs
1332:Djedefra
1294:Archived
1246:Fs Lauer
1036:Memphite
999:Menkaura
730:Radjedef
726:Djedefra
722:Djedefre
659:Children
522:Djedefre
437:Djedefre
367:Djedefre
22:Djedefre
4722:Carinus
4703:Tacitus
4661:Quietus
4504:Hadrian
4188:Khabash
4019:Wahibre
3999:Necho I
3993:Nekauba
3981:Ammeris
3924:Dynasty
3862:Taharqa
3857:Shabaka
3794:Rudamun
3773:Iuput I
3618:Herihor
3570:Smendes
3470:Twosret
3460:Seti II
3304:female)
3289:Dynasty
3185:Rahotep
3082:Semenre
3052:Djehuti
3034:Khamudi
3023:Yanassi
3006:Salitis
2958:Yakareb
2951:Khamure
2882:Sehebre
2804:Merkare
2452:Intef I
2391:Dynasty
2300:Imhotep
2260:Iytjenu
2246:Khuiqer
2158:Menkare
2109:Neferka
2093:Pepi II
2015:Userkaf
1909:Sanakht
1732:Anedjib
1712:Hor-Aha
1645:Iry-Hor
1639:Shendjw
1611:Pen-Abu
1495:Hat-Hor
1417:Dynasty
1095:Manetho
845:Userkaf
762:Manetho
742:pharaoh
732:; died
710:Dynasty
705: ?
645:Consort
440:Ḏḏ.f Rˁ
370:Ḏd.f Rˁ
52:Pharaoh
4862:Argead
4709:Probus
4629:Decius
4624:Philip
4499:Trajan
4227:Argead
4136:Muthis
4089:XXVIII
4069:Xerxes
3937:female
3915:Period
3624:Piankh
3595:Siamun
3465:Siptah
3440:Seti I
3280:Period
3232:Kamose
3166:Snaaib
3136:Abydos
2992:Semqen
2985:Sharek
2937:Sheneh
2917:'Apepi
2912:Bebnum
2867:Nehesy
2687:Sebkay
2607:Sonbef
2404:female
2382:Period
2193:Nikare
2083:Pepi I
2020:Sahure
1973:Khafre
1958:Snefru
1927:Sedjes
1899:Djoser
1825:Senedj
1703:Narmer
1662:Narmer
1544:Wazner
1509:Hsekiu
1481:Ny-Hor
1430:female
1408:Period
1089:
917:Kheper
910:Louvre
899:Louvre
849:Sahure
815:Khafre
800:Louvre
784:Family
740:king (
685:Burial
667:Father
116:Ḥr-ḫpr
112:Kheper
82:Khafre
4715:Carus
4494:Nerva
4484:Titus
4462:Galba
4429:XXXIV
4414:Roman
4193:Arses
4120:Hakor
4039:XXVII
3749:XXIII
3339:XVIII
3299:(male
3029:Apepi
3017:Khyan
2930:Wazad
2698:Wegaf
2632:Iufni
2486:Nubia
2294:Setut
2116:Nefer
1963:Khufu
1921:Khaba
1915:Nebka
1779:Nebra
1707:Menes
1666:Menes
1618:Stork
1581:Upper
1537:Neheb
1530:Thesh
1516:Khayu
1465:Lower
1047:Cairo
975:]
960:]
949:]
878:Reign
864:]
831:Setka
807:Kawab
774:Sa-Rê
766:Khufu
671:Khufu
512:Nomen
72:Khufu
59:Reign
4548:Geta
4467:Otho
4457:Nero
4175:XXXI
4160:Teos
4107:XXIX
3972:XXVI
3957:Late
3934:male
3894:Late
3847:Piye
3816:XXIV
3722:Pami
3672:XXII
3261:and
3177:XVII
2923:Nuya
2592:XIII
2401:male
2363:and
2253:Khui
2150:VIII
2073:Teti
2055:Unas
1940:Huni
1742:Qa'a
1722:Djet
1717:Djer
1625:Bull
1604:Fish
1570:Wash
1551:Mekh
1427:male
1087:ISBN
1032:Giza
981:and
923:The
825:Baka
728:and
677:Died
110:Hor-
4147:XXX
3896:to
3839:XXV
3562:XXI
3427:XIX
3044:XVI
2824:XIV
2672:Hor
2513:XII
2146:VII
1891:III
1727:Den
1523:Tiu
1389:to
1026:at
847:or
835:ka;
4897::
4857:31
4852:30
4847:27
4842:26
4837:25
4832:24
4822:20
4817:19
4812:18
4807:12
4802:11
3480:XX
3412:Ay
2976:XV
2439:XI
2271:IX
2065:VI
1950:IV
1790:Ba
1766:II
1705:/
1664:/
1650:Ka
1502:Pu
1305:^
1274:^
1262:^
1197:^
1174:^
1153:^
1132:^
1115:^
1041:.
977:,
973:de
966:,
958:de
951:,
947:fr
940:,
862:fr
780:.
778:Ra
734:c.
701:,
651:,
42:,
4797:4
4793:3
4790:2
4786:1
2311:X
2148:/
2007:V
1695:I
1590:A
1558:A
1366:e
1359:t
1352:v
851:.
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