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imminent end of
Tsarism, but Khilkov's hopes of a general uprising were not to be. At the end of the year he returned to Russia under the general amnesty and finally left the Socialist Revolutionary Party, repelled by the hypocrisy of its leaders and the infiltration of provocateurs. His deep concern for the peasants remained and during 1905–1906 he participated in the active peasant movement in
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66:. Before long, however, this movement was suppressed and the revolutionary momentum in Russia stalled by government reaction. It became clear to Khilkov that the path of revolution offered no hope and the direction of his life once more began to change. From 1907 he began to abandon his radical views and was drawn increasingly towards the
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In July 1899 Khilkov returned to Europe, and to
Switzerland where his family were then living. Initially working closely with Biriukov and the Tolstoyans, Dmitrii was soon to renounce his former pacifism and by 1902 was advocating mass terrorism in Russia to overthrow the Tsarist regime. He became
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in 1903. His chief activity at this time was the publication and distribution of revolutionary literature particularly aimed at persecuted sectarians in Russia. He urged also the formation of armed fighting squads to lead the revolutionary struggle. The
Revolution of 1905 appeared to signal the
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who was exiled by the government and had his children taken away from him for following
Tolstoy's teachings. Like Tolstoy, Khilkov became involved with emigration of the
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31:, sometimes also Hilkov or Hilkoff) (1858–1914) went from being an officer in the Czar's Army to a
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89:, Dmitrii Khilkov was killed by a single shot. His body was returned and buried at Pavlovki.
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in Russia to Canada, and he was part of an 1898 settlement exploratory delegation to Canada.
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From
Tolstoyan to terrorist: the revolutionary career of Prince D. A. Khilkov, 1900-1905
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The military threat to Russia stirred
Dmitrii to volunteer to rejoin his old
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acquainted with leaders of the revolutionary movement, finally joining the
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135:. Revolutionary Russia, 12 (1). pp. 1-43. ISSN 0954-6545
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Prince Dmitry
Khilkov was an aristocratic disciple of
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