104:
473:
1253:
998:
possession of the Arpad dynasty. As a point of interest, it is precisely the smallest ones, those set into the cross on the chest, that are attributed to St. Stephen. About a tiny fragment of the True Cross, a
Russian chronicler recording King Geza IIâs campaigns wrote that it had been the holy kingâs property and, despite its small size, it was a relic of great force. We are, perhaps, not off the track when surmising that the Hungarian crown was holy because it had once been reinforced with a fragment of the victory-bringing relic. . . . we know quite few reliquary crowns. To mention but the most obvious example, let us cite Charles Iâs crown provided with a cross containing a thorn relic.â
461:
1265:
47:
1284:
481:
730:
1076:
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coat of arms. Since reliquary crosses frequently take such a double-barred form, the use of a patriarchal cross in the royal arms would be a direct reference to and representation of this royal relic. This association between the crown and this royal relic would also help to substantiate the theory that the Holy Crown was always intended to serve its historical role of legitimatizing the position of its wearer as the true divinely appointed king of
Hungary.
1119:
64:
965:
1396:
1011:
408:
280:
859:, around 1075. The gift was not a new crown, but rather an old crown designed for a woman that had to be selected from the Emperor's treasury and remodelled. The enamel pictures that become outdated were removed, since either represented earlier historical figures or were not appropriate for the Hungarian queen according to court protocol. It was in this form that the crown was sent to
2095:
748:
645:
902:("Latin Crown") is made of four 5.2-cm-wide gold strips welded to the edge of a square central panel (7.2 Ă 7.2 cm); the strips are usually assumed to have been originally made for some other object, and adapted for the crown. It is not an independent object, as it has no function alone. It was designed to be attached to the top rim of the
1103:
2118:
493:
1001:
Later, it was the Crown itself, rather than the St. Stephen's cross reliquary that came to be regarded as holy through its traditional association with St. Stephen. Ăva KovĂĄcs further notes in this regard the early use of the patriarchal or double-barred cross and crown in the ancient
Hungarian royal
1236:
Most current academic knowledge about
Hungarian royal garments originates from this modern research. Following substantial U.S. political debate, the agreement to return the jewels contained many conditions to ensure the people of Hungary, rather than its Communist government, took possession of the
844:
The enamel plaques on the circular band, the panel depicting Christ
Pantokrator, and the picture of Emperor Michael were all affixed to the crown using different techniques. The picture of the emperor could not be attached to the rim in the same way as the Pantokrator picture on the front. The frame
976:
The cross is attached to the crown in a rough manner, rising from the midriff of Christ in the central enamel plaque at the top of the crown. This addition might have been made during the 16th century. The cross was knocked crooked during the 17th century when the crown was damaged, possibly by the
1577:
Zombori, I, Cséfalvay, P., Maria
Antonietta De Angelis: A Thousand Years of Christianity in Hungary â Hungariae Christianae Millennium â Published by the Hungarian Catholic Episcopal Conference, Budapest, 2001, for the exhibition in the Musea of Vatican, Vatican City, 10 October 2001 â 12 January
911:
The inscription on the pictures of the saints and the style of their lettering suggest the date when they were made. Amidst the antique-style capital letters, the T in Thomas and the second U in Paulus are formed in the style characteristic of the Latin letters used on
Byzantine coins, a practice
993:
in 1551, she broke the cross off the crownâs peak for her son, John
Sigismund. According to a contemporary Polish chronicler, John Sigismund wore this cross on his chest till the end of his life, "... because he who possesses this cross will again come into possession of the missing parts which,
916:
of a book. It is also possible, although it cannot be verified, that IstvĂĄn I received a crown as a gift from one of the popes, reciprocating his – historically documented – gifts. The picture of the apostles, however, based on their style, cannot be dated to around
609:
The differing styles and techniques used in making the enamel pictures and the fact that the inscriptions on the diadem are in Greek and on the bands in Latin suggest that the two parts were probably made in two different periods. However, there are no known representations in which the crown is
997:
Later, the cross became the property of
Sigismund Bathory who, persuaded by his confessor, bestowed it on Emperor Rudolf II. This was reported by an Italian envoy in Prague who also told the Isabella-John Sigismund story.â She also notes that âSeveral small fragments of the True Cross were in
589:
However, the legend is not supported by historical evidence. Mieszko I did not live at the same time as St. Stephen I or Pope
Sylvester II. Also, the "Greater Legend" of St Stephen, written around 1083, makes no mention of the Crown's Roman provenance: "in the fifth year after the death of his
1045:, which probably came from the treasury of St. IstvĂĄn, at the time of the creation of the crown there existed further expectation that the coronation insignia would eventually include additional gold works that could be linked to the first, beatified Hungarian king, IstvĂĄn.
1335:
at the National Museum due to its delicate, faint condition. Unlike the crown and accompanying insignia, the originally red coloured mantle is considered to date back to Stephen I, and was made circa 1030. Old records describe the robe as handiwork of the queen and her
574:
arrived at Rome first. In a dream, the Pope saw an angel who told him: "There will be another envoy from an unknown folk, who will ask for a crown also. Give them the crown, as they deserve it." The next day Astrik arrived, and the Pope gave the crown to him.
984:
and that it was the presence of the True Cross in the Holy Crown which made it holy. She states that âSzabolcs Vajay called to my attention a strange incident in the crownâs history which had completely escaped everybodyâs attention. Before Queen
1229:) alongside the bulk of the United States' gold reserves and other priceless historical items. After undergoing extensive historical research to verify the crown as genuine, it was returned to the people of Hungary by order of U.S. President
832:
of Tourkia" (Hungary). As was customary in the hierarchy of the Byzantine state, clear differentiation is made between style of the emperors and that of the Hungarian king by using a hellenized form of the common South Slavic word for "king"
221:, which may have had another function. The Holy Crown has probably been remodelled using elements of different origins. The date assigned to the present configuration of the Holy Crown is most commonly put around the late 12th century. The
594:
archives have found no record of the granting of the crown, despite the prestige that would accrue from such a discovery. Another document giving doubtful evidence is by Thietmar von Merseburg (died 1018): he wrote that Holy Roman Emperor
951:
to transform this Byzantine open crown into a closed crown (i.e., the type of crown proper to the autocrat, the senior emperor or monarch in Byzantine imperial protocol) and to provide a base for the reliquary cross at its summit (see
1926:(exhibition catalogue, Stuttgartâ2000), p. 535 Nr. 27.01.09. Mechthild Schulze-Dörrlamm, "Schwerter des 10. Jahrhunderts als Herrschaftszeichen der Ottonen", Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums 59 (2012) 609â651 (p. 630).
1283:
920:
The intersecting bands are edged with beaded gold wire that close off the lower end of the bands and finish off the system of decoration. There are twelve pearls on the central panel and a total of seventy-two altogether on the
605:
The question to what extent the upper part of the Holy Crown belonged to the crown of King Stephen I remained open until 1978, when the coronation insignia was returned to Hungary and a thorough examination was carried out.
854:
with its pointed and arched plaques is identical to the form of the crowns of the Byzantine empresses â in other words it was a woman's crown. It was given by Emperor Michael Dukas VII to King GĂ©za's wife, known only as
1264:
944:
from a Greek monastery in Hungary. In order to get it to fit into its new role the apostles at the bottom of each of the four arms of this asterisk were cut off before it was very crudely attached to the inside of the
1252:
930:
The central panel is decorated with a square cloisonné enamel picture depicting Christ Pantokrator. Each band has two (altogether eight) pictures of standing apostles identical to the first eight listed in Acts 1.13.
845:
was folded upwards and the picture of the emperor was nailed to the edge. We can thus conclude that the picture of Michael VII was not originally designed for this crown, but was probably used first somewhere else.
977:
top of the iron chest housing the insignia being hastily closed without the crown having been placed in it properly. The cross has since been left in this slanted position, and is now typically depicted as such.
590:
father...they brought a Papal letter of blessing...and the Lordâs favoured one, Stephen, was chosen to be king, and was anointed with oil and auspiciously crowned with the diadem of royal honour". Moreover,
622:, which should be worn only on the occasion of a coronation, and for the rest of the time two crown guards (koronaĆr) guard it. Apart from this, there are only two other people who can touch it, the
3914:
1340:
and the mantle's middle back bears the king's only known portrait (which shows his crown was not the currently existing one). A circular inscription sewn in Latin identifies the coat as a bishop's
5252:
1025:-type crowns with closed tops, as introduced in the Byzantine Empire. The presence of multiple pictures is also typical of Byzantine crowns. When the intersecting bands were added to the
256:
The shape is elliptic (width 203.9 mm, length 215.9 mm) and is larger than a normal human head. During coronations, the king had to wear a leather 'kapa' liner inside the crown.
103:
5277:
1365:
The ceremonial straight sword kept in the Holy Crown collection is a 14th-century Italian product. However, what is said to be an original coronation sword of Stephen I has been in
4246:
652:
The Holy Crown was made of gold and decorated with nineteen enamel "pantokrator" pictures (Greek meaning "master of all") as well as semi-precious stones, genuine pearls, and
4759:
394:
1659). Under this doctrine, the crown itself is a legal person identical to the state of Hungary. It is superior to the ruling monarch, who rules "in the name of the crown".
236:, when Hungary needed a new monarch it did not seek a crown to inaugurate a king, but a king worthy of the Crown. He also said "the Holy Crown is for the Hungarians what the
3907:
769:(1071â1078) is depicted. Below it to the left is the half-length picture of "Kon. Porphyrogennetos", this probably being either Emperor Michael's brother and co-emperor
209:
on enamel plaques in the lower crown. However, in popular tradition the Holy Crown was thought to be older and of Papal provenance, dating to the time of the first King
5297:
980:Ăva KovĂĄcs suggests that the present plain cross on the top of the crown is a replacement of an original double-barred reliquary cross containing three pieces of the
2264:
472:
4447:
586:. Subsequently, the story of the crown sent by Sylvester II spread throughout the Christian world, and was published in 1613 by the crown guard PĂ©ter RĂ©vay.
5272:
4944:
3900:
912:
abandoned in the middle of the eleventh century. They may have decorated a reliquary box or a portable altar given to IstvĂĄn I by the pope, or possibly the
356:(queen). This consecration was supposed to empower the crown with divine force to help the future kings of Hungary under the "Doctrine of the Holy Crown" (
5292:
4239:
2460:
821:
4722:
4379:
3192:
460:
1114:(1916). To date, he is the last monarch to be crowned with St. Stephen's Crown. Notice the size difference between the crown and the king's head.
5176:
2907:
873:
1893:
1198:
1067:, the rulers are holding identically shaped sceptres. Such short-staffed sceptres ending in orbs were not in use as insignia earlier or later.
425:
297:
4452:
1237:
jewels. The majority of the Hungarian-American population opposed the decision to return the crown. On January 6, 1978, US Secretary of State
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2430:
2401:
1704:
1512:
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4232:
4186:
1726:
A. Gallus, "The structural aspect: towards a plural society", Quest for a new Central Europe, ed. J. VarsĂĄnyi, 1976, pp. 130-176, at p. 147
1597:. Corpus fontium historiae Byzantinae (New, revised ed.). Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. p. 65.
5247:
4661:
4613:
4603:
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2733:
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232:
The name "Holy Crown" was first used in 1256. By the 14th century it became the unique symbol of royal power. As written by Crown Guard
222:
164:
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3019:
3013:
3001:
2996:
1973:
1952:
1777:
1662:
1602:
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319:
147:
for most of its existence; kings were crowned with it since the twelfth century. The Crown symbolized the King's authority over the
1813:
1941:
BaĂĄn, IstvĂĄn (1997). "The Foundation of the Archbishopric of Kalocsa: The Byzantine Origin of the Second Archdiocese in Hungary".
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1130:
The Holy Crown has had a varied history; having been stolen, hidden, lost, recovered, and taken abroad several times. During the
4104:
3460:
3448:
2802:
2756:
2175:
1962:
BaĂĄn, IstvĂĄn (1999). "The Metropolitanate of Tourkia: The Organization of the Byzantine Church in Hungary in the Middle Ages".
990:
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while GĂ©za does not. The inscriptions of the emperorsâ names are in red, while the Hungarian king's is in dark blue or black.
46:
4535:
4165:
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2925:
2808:
2010:
648:
A sketch of the enamel icons of the Saints on the Holy Crown (top view, the crown's front side is on the bottom of the image)
535:, who was brought up in the Byzantine court and was briefly heir to the Byzantine throne. This was several decades after the
508:
429:
301:
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2407:
2383:
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2078:
Vajay Sz. "De Corona Regia. Corona. Regni, Sacra Corona: Königskronen und Kronensymbolik in mittelalterlichen Ungarn", in
1652:
1306:
1275:
624:
244:
180:
172:
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1922:, dated to the 10th century. A.âMerhautovĂĄ,âs.âv.â"SchwertâdesâheiligenâStephan", in: âA.âWieczorekâ/âH.-M.âHinzâ(eds.),
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3466:
3145:
2672:
1982:
BĂ rĂ ny-Oberschall, Magda de (1949), "Localization of the Enamels of the Upper Hemisphere of the Holy Crown of Hungary",
1167:
1060:
969:
838:
699:
496:
148:
4036:
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3551:
2710:
2678:
5242:
5171:
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5116:
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4628:
4530:
4255:
3792:
2965:
2597:
4437:
2971:
2959:
2615:
1347:
The sceptre is considered the artistically most valuable piece of the Hungarian royal inventory. It contains a solid
3820:
3666:
3581:
3571:
5237:
5048:
5041:
5007:
4732:
4671:
4639:
4550:
4098:
4056:
4049:
3949:
3561:
3389:
3278:
3175:
2687:
2668:
2282:
825:
3576:
3566:
2694:
2162:
2157:
418:
290:
4785:
4749:
4653:
4492:
4079:
2953:
2919:
2817:
2483:
2359:
2254:
1310:
1014:
218:
176:
2977:
2949:
2152:
5282:
5086:
4952:
4923:
4825:
4737:
4646:
4472:
3629:
3586:
3361:
3344:
3338:
3333:
3068:
2886:
2436:
2330:
2301:
1619:
723:
629:
539:
of Stephen I marked the beginning of Hungarian statehood, variously given as Christmas 1000 or 1 January 1001.
4305:
2796:
1029:
during the rule of BĂ©la III, who had been brought up in Constantinople, the bands were decorated just as the
5156:
5035:
5002:
4933:
4897:
4867:
4831:
4727:
4717:
4702:
4577:
4487:
4422:
4365:
4310:
4274:
4130:
4026:
3546:
3317:
2774:
2725:
2454:
2418:
2395:
1446:
1380:
claimed to have belonged to King Stephen I, and seen in the Mantle portrait, was reportedly obtained by the
1123:
1092:
1064:
817:
480:
213:
crowned 1000/1001. It is one of two known Byzantine crowns to survive, the other being the slightly earlier
4092:
1206:
1135:
547:
5287:
4997:
4467:
4112:
4042:
3825:
3596:
3524:
3135:
3125:
2854:
2585:
2270:
1328:
729:
599:
consented to Stephen's coronation, and that the Pope sent his blessings, but there is no mention a crown.
225:
regalia consists of the Holy Crown, the sceptre, the orb, and the mantle. The orb has the coat of arms of
156:
3312:
1696:
History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century: The So-called Tartars of Russia and Central Asia
5166:
5106:
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4962:
4697:
3994:
3987:
3976:
3959:
3944:
3129:
2768:
2609:
2550:
507:
According to the most accepted theory, in the publications of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the
333:
2591:
2170:
1075:
468:. All images of the crown before the mid-17th century show the cross in its original upright position.
465:
5131:
4992:
4938:
4892:
4771:
4707:
4633:
4623:
4591:
4412:
4346:
3965:
3732:
2789:
2639:
2579:
2562:
2556:
2424:
2377:
2201:
1633:
1107:
752:
337:
226:
210:
202:
168:
136:
698:
The two aquamarine stones with cut surfaces on the back of the diadem were added as replacements by
5012:
4872:
4685:
4608:
4179:
4125:
4086:
3981:
3971:
3591:
3495:
3489:
3151:
2943:
2780:
2448:
2276:
1370:
941:
829:
711:
707:
571:
551:
237:
4540:
1736:
1131:
816:
The contemporary Byzantine name for the Hungarians was "Turks", while the Hungarian branch of the
5195:
5151:
5126:
5093:
5027:
4977:
4882:
4857:
4820:
4808:
4618:
4567:
4525:
4507:
4400:
4135:
4031:
4009:
3939:
3660:
3518:
3512:
3182:
3139:
2862:
2843:
2749:
2718:
2655:
2632:
2231:
1419:
1381:
1302:
1294:
1202:
986:
770:
766:
734:
703:
602:
There are also more romantic theories putting the origin of the crown into the far past in Asia.
357:
349:
198:
160:
144:
116:
3090:
2505:
332:
As with all European Christian crowns, the Holy Crown symbolizes a halo signifying the wearer's
5066:
5061:
4957:
4844:
4560:
4477:
4158:
4145:
4119:
3724:
3713:
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2897:
2603:
2533:
2371:
2307:
2134:
2006:
1969:
1948:
1773:
1700:
1658:
1598:
1508:
1359:
1355:
caliphate. Its handle contains a wooden rod surrounded by very fine wrought silver ornaments.
583:
367:
340:
held up the crown before his death (in the year 1038) to consecrate it and his kingdom to the
233:
195:
5262:
5211:
5141:
5136:
5017:
4928:
4849:
4341:
4151:
4015:
3856:
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3648:
3442:
2872:
2662:
2365:
2324:
2110:
1984:
1758:
translated by Peter Balban; translated and revised by Mary and Andras Boros-Kazai, pp. 79-80
1694:
1290:
913:
633:
619:
528:
214:
187:
140:
464:
The oldest authentic representation of the Holy Crown from 1555. The crown depicted in the
5146:
5101:
5079:
4572:
4545:
4462:
4315:
4269:
3787:
3424:
3383:
3257:
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3227:
3222:
3210:
3085:
2880:
2194:
1462:
1438:
1409:
1318:
1271:
1111:
810:
778:
579:
152:
31:
17:
3472:
1817:
1556:"De sacra corona regni Hungariae ortu, virtuti, victoria, fortuna... brevis commentarius
1118:
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1401:
1155:
964:
786:
485:
206:
191:
124:
63:
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of Hungary, the highest ecclesiastical title), who places it on the head of the king.
628:(the highest secular title), who puts it onto a pillow during the coronation, and the
5231:
5056:
3871:
3851:
3436:
3418:
3412:
3270:
3216:
3102:
2740:
2351:
2248:
2114:
1163:
1096:
550:, in which the "Pope" sent King Stephen I "his blessings and a crown". According to "
1059:
with the orb at the end can also be dated to the time of St IstvĂĄn. On the seals of
3927:
3881:
3846:
3768:
1919:
1414:
1230:
1210:
1190:
1186:
1182:). They were subsequently dug up and returned to the royal castle in Buda in 1853.
1171:
715:
671:) dangling from chains on each side of the diadem and one in the back. There is no
591:
1201:. The crown jewels were transported to Western Europe and eventually given to the
1095:
in 1990. The National Assembly chose the pre-war coat of arms over the crown-less
1052:
indicates with all certainty that IstvĂĄn I and Queen Gizella had it made in 1031.
1010:
4070:
1963:
1942:
1592:
1305:
has survived. On 1 January 2000, the Holy Crown of Hungary was moved to the
4209:
3810:
3096:
2931:
2389:
1866:
1629:
1238:
1143:
1139:
1022:
532:
407:
341:
279:
243:
Since 2000, the Holy Crown has been on display in the central Domed Hall of the
2096:"The Social Life of the Byzantine Gift: The Royal Crown of Hungary Re-Invented"
1845:
876:. This view is confirmed by the fact that Grand Prince GĂ©za is depicted on the
4972:
4224:
3841:
3119:
2913:
1391:
1325:
1147:
981:
536:
262:
The gold-silver alloys in the upper and the lower parts differ in alloy ratio.
2138:
1625:
1332:
1222:
1166:
took the crown and the coronation jewels with him after the collapse of the
1159:
1080:
653:
559:
391:
4331:
1175:
802:
782:
706:. On the rim to the right and left of Jesus are pictures of the archangels
1293:
banknote, issued in 2000, the millennium anniversary of the coronation of
4417:
3866:
3815:
2988:
2517:
1341:
1226:
1214:
856:
668:
596:
379:
1134:(1000â1301), the coronation insignia was kept in the coronation city of
747:
644:
4388:
4279:
3923:
3876:
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2293:
2048:
1989:
1352:
1351:
ball decorated with engraved lions, a rare product of the 10th-century
1314:
1194:
1179:
860:
543:
432: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
304: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
79:
3187:
3170:
1366:
1348:
1337:
1258:
The portrayal of Stephen I on the Hungarian coronation pall from 1031
796:
695:("Greek Crown") is 5.2 cm wide with a diameter of 20.5 cm.
555:
1102:
1033:
was, perhaps with the intention of imitating the Byzantine pattern.
527:; and the uppermost cross, tilted at an angle. It was created under
492:
30:"Hungarian crown" redirects here. For the Polish royal regalia, see
4357:
1170:
and buried them in a wooden box in a willow forest, near Orsova in
4336:
3743:
3202:
3162:
2500:
2217:
2043:
LĂĄszlĂł PĂ©ter, "The Holy Crown of Hungary, Visible and Invisible",
1377:
1117:
1101:
1074:
1009:
963:
834:
806:
746:
728:
672:
500:
491:
479:
471:
459:
102:
1083:
Castle commemorating the guarding of the Crown there in 1805â1806
542:
Another version of the origin of the crown was written by bishop
2024:
Denkschriften der Ăsterreichsischen akademie d. Wiss. Phil.hist.
1996:
Die Sankt Stephans-Krone und die Insinien des Königreichs Ungarn
1154:. In 1805â1806 the Crown was kept for about three months in the
1151:
582:
and breviaries in Hungary around 1200, naming the then-existing
567:
563:
4361:
4228:
3896:
2190:
1867:"Returning the Crown of Saint Stephen to post-Cold War Hungary"
401:
273:
1754:, Eva Kovacs and Zsuzsa Lovag Budapest: Corvina Kiado, 1980;
790:
1321:
and the coronation sword were also moved to the Parliament.
1110:, taking his coronation oath at Holy Trinity Column outside
927:, symbolising the number of Christ's disciples (Acts 10.1).
2029:
FĂŒgedi E., "Medieval Coronations in Hungary in Studies" in
1594:
De Administrando Imperio by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus
994:
subjected to the power of the cross, had belonged to it".
570:", who is not named. Despite Astrik's haste, the envoy of
2186:
1616:
According to Constantine Porphyrogenitus, writing in his
1138:. Later, the crown was housed in one of three locations:
1676:
1674:
1578:
2002 â under the auspices of Prime Minister Viktor OrbĂĄn
781:. To the right there is a picture of the Hungarian King
1021:
The form of the Holy Crown is identical to that of the
376:
Explanation of the Holy Crown of the Kingdom of Hungary
370:, a Crown Guard, expounded this doctrine in his works
1568:
NĂ©meth Zsolt: A magyar Szent Korona, BKL KiadĂł, 2007.
1301:
Uniquely in Europe, most of the medieval ensemble of
702:(1608â1619). The enamel picture on the front depicts
2005:, Penguin History of Art (now Yale), 2nd edn. 1979,
882:
without a crown, although carrying a royal sceptre.
866:
There is another view that the GĂ©za depicted on the
511:, the Holy Crown consists of three parts: the lower
5253:
11th-century establishments in the Byzantine Empire
5026:
4910:
4807:
4684:
4590:
4399:
4324:
4288:
4262:
3834:
3801:
3778:
3761:
3742:
3723:
3688:
3641:
3605:
3534:
3505:
3482:
3399:
3370:
3354:
3326:
3305:
3288:
3269:
3201:
3161:
3112:
3078:
3055:
2987:
2896:
2871:
2853:
2836:
2625:
2572:
2543:
2526:
2493:
2476:
2350:
2317:
2292:
2241:
2224:
1918:The sword has a walrus-tooth hilt decorated in the
93:
85:
75:
70:
56:
39:
2047:, Vol. 81, No. 3 (Jul., 2003), pp. 421â510,
1968:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 45â53.
1894:"Crown of St.Stephen Formally Returned to Hungary"
1041:Beside the using of the intersecting bands of the
1017:crowned with the Holy Crown as the King of Hungary
828:" (Hungary), and the head of this church was the "
610:separated: the Holy Crown is always shown as one.
1988:, Vol. 31, No. 2 (Jun., 1949), pp. 121â126,
1871:Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training
1586:
1584:
837:) for GĂ©za. The saints and the Greek rulers have
531:influence during the reign of the Hungarian King
1836:
1834:
1814:"Jimmy Carter Library: The Crown of St. Stephen"
1646:
1644:
1642:
1037:Links to the first Hungarian king, Saint Stephen
664:), and the cross on the top tilted at an angle.
186:The enamels on the crown are mainly or entirely
3679:Crown of the Virgin of the Tabernacle of Toledo
891:
714:, followed by half-length images of the Saints
684:
765:In the arched frame on the back of the diadem
259:The weight is 2056 g. (4 lb 8.52 oz)
5278:Crowns of the coat of Arms of Austria-Hungary
4373:
4240:
3908:
3339:Imperial Crown of Mexico (2nd Mexican Empire)
3334:Imperial Crown of Mexico (1st Mexican Empire)
2202:
2071:Tóth E. "Das ungarische Krönungspectrum", in
1944:Early Christianity in Central and East Europe
934:Ăva KovĂĄcs and Zsuzsa Lovag suggest that the
656:. It has three parts: "abroncs" (rim, hoop) (
194:in the 1070s. The crown was presented by the
8:
1362:instead of a simple cross, as on the crown.
384:De monarchia et Sacra Corona Regni Hungariae
372:Commentarius De Sacra Regni Hungariae Corona
344:. After this, Mary was depicted not only as
171:in 1916. The only kings not so crowned were
3821:Crown of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Sri Lanka
3793:Silver Crown of Emperor Tewodros (Ethiopia)
2022:Deér J., "Die Heilige Krone Ungarnsin", in
1636:), and is four days distant from Tourkia ."
1617:
1554:
1241:returned the Crown to Hungary in Budapest.
946:
935:
922:
903:
897:
877:
867:
849:
756:
738:
690:
27:Coronation crown used by Hungarian monarchs
4916:
4813:
4690:
4596:
4405:
4380:
4366:
4358:
4247:
4233:
4225:
3915:
3901:
3893:
2209:
2195:
2187:
45:
2461:Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
1747:
1745:
1289:The Holy Crown on the commemorative 2000
448:Learn how and when to remove this message
388:On the Monarchy and Holy Crown of Hungary
336:to rule. According to popular tradition,
320:Learn how and when to remove this message
3673:Crown of the Crowned Virgin of the Kings
3193:Imperial Crown of Empress Go-Sakuramachi
2337:Coronet of the Imperial Prince of Brazil
1794:"Hungary: Recovery of Crown Jewels 1945"
1770:Reflections on the Holy Crown of Hungary
1624:(ca. 950 AD) "Patzinakia, the
1091:, the crown was reincorporated into the
972:, showing the cross in vertical position
643:
546:around 1100â1110 at the request of King
2908:Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire
2809:Funeral Crown of Augustus II the Strong
2182:Exhibition of the Holy Crown of Hungary
1739:, Hungarian Institute, 1978, pp. 13-115
1657:. Oxford University Press. p. 51.
1507:. Penguin Random House UK. p. 79.
1495:
1431:
1248:
1150:(present-day Bratislava, Slovakia); or
509:Hungarian Catholic Episcopal Conference
36:
3246:Gold Crown of Geumnyeongchong Tumulus
2431:Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria
2402:Coronet of Frederick, Prince of Wales
2342:Coronet of Laurels of Princess Isabel
2045:The Slavonic and East European Review
1756:The Hungarian crown and other regalia
1591:Jenkins, Romilly James Heald (1967).
1197:, Austria, on 4 May 1945 by the
1048:The inscription embroidered onto the
205:; both are depicted and named in the
7:
3655:Royal Crown of Spain (Tumular Crown)
2763:Crown of Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
2261:Brilliant Crown of Empress Elisabeth
1947:. Warszawa: Semper. pp. 67â74.
1680:
660:), "keresztpĂĄntok" (cross straps) (
640:Structure of the crown and its icons
430:adding citations to reliable sources
302:adding citations to reliable sources
190:work, presumed to have been made in
5273:National symbols of Austria-Hungary
3409:(destroyed; replica: StarĂĄ ÄœubovĆa)
2938:Reliquary Crown of John the Baptist
2467:Coronet of Charles, Prince of Wales
1965:Byzanz und Ostmitteleuropa 950-1453
5298:Byzantine EmpireâHungary relations
3252:Gold Crown of Seobongchong Tumulus
2443:Coronet of George, Prince of Wales
2153:The Holy Crown of Hungary (images)
2066:The Coronational Cloak and Sceptre
25:
3826:Great Crown of Victory (Thailand)
3557:Cap of Monomakh of the second set
3552:Crown of Tsar Michael Fyodorovich
2711:Ducal Crown of Brunswick-LĂŒneburg
2679:Crown of Queen Therese of Bavaria
2031:Mediaeval and Renaissance History
2003:Early Christian and Byzantine Art
1892:Hofmann, Paul (January 7, 1978).
940:was originally a large Byzantine
667:There are four hanging pendants (
5293:Material culture of royal courts
3378:Norwegian Crown Prince's Coronet
2115:10.1111/j.1467-8365.2008.00634.x
1994:BĂĄrĂĄny-Oberscall M. von (1974),
1394:
1282:
1263:
1251:
1219:United States Bullion Depository
908:and provides a dome-shaped top.
824:'s jurisdiction, was named the "
798:GeĆbitzas pistĂłs krĂĄlÄs TourkĂas
792:ÎÎΩÎÎ΀ÎÎÏč Î ÎΣ΀ÎÏč ÎÎĄÎÎÎÏč ΀Î΄ΥÎÎÎÏč
406:
278:
62:
2972:Salian Funeral Crowns of Spires
2960:Lily Crown of Empress Cunigunde
2803:Crown of Augustus II the Strong
2131:The Holy Crown of Hungary, Rome
1628:, stretches west as far as the
1358:The orb is unusual in having a
554:", St. Stephen sent Archbishop
476:The Holy Crown of Hungary, 1857
417:needs additional citations for
289:needs additional citations for
3667:Crown of Isabella I of Castile
3582:Crown of Empress Anna Ivanovna
3572:Altabas crown of the third set
3345:Funerary crown of Maximilian I
3240:Gold Crown of Hwangnamdaechong
2944:Reliquary Crown of Charlemagne
2926:Imperial Crowns of Charles VII
2038:Die Ungarischen Krönungsingien
1651:Carter Vaughn Findley (2004).
1270:The Crown, Sword, Sceptre and
1:
3562:Diamond Crown of Tsar Peter I
3407:Crown of BolesĆaw I the Brave
2669:Crown of the Queen of Bavaria
2408:Coronation Crown of George IV
2384:State Crown of Mary of Modena
2129:Kelleher, Patrick J. (1951).
1307:Hungarian Parliament Building
1276:Hungarian Parliament Building
578:Hartvikâs legend appeared in
566:to acquire a crown from the "
265:The lower part is asymmetric.
245:Hungarian Parliament Building
167:with it, with the last being
163:, more than fifty kings were
4448:Principality of Transylvania
4301:Coat of arms of Transylvania
3577:Crown of Empress Catherine I
3567:Diamond Crown of Tsar Ivan V
3455:Funeral Crown of Augustus II
3390:Crown of the Queen of Norway
3152:Crown of Constance of Sicily
3146:Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany
3014:Tiara of Pope Pius IX (1846)
2695:Electoral Hat of Brandenburg
2176:Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints
2133:. American Academy in Rome.
2094:Hilsdale, Cecily J. (2008).
2062:A koronĂĄzĂĄsi palĂĄst Ă©s jogar
2055:Die heilige Krone von Ungarn
1693:Henry Hoyle Howorth (2008).
1634:Eastern Carpathian Mountains
1168:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
1061:Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
797:
761:of the Holy Crown of Hungary
743:of the Holy Crown of Hungary
155:), and it was a key mark of
149:Lands of the Hungarian Crown
5268:State ritual and ceremonies
5258:National symbols of Hungary
4483:Interwar Kingdom of Hungary
4256:National symbols of Hungary
3228:Gold Crown of Geumgwanchong
2966:Reliquary Crown of Henry II
2308:Crown of the Ćroda Treasure
2017:Tausend Jahre Stephanskrone
1752:Magyar koronazasi jelvenyek
1450:
1199:U.S. 86th Infantry Division
1089:Hungarian People's Republic
1071:The regalia in modern times
989:handed over the regalia to
251:Specifications of the Crown
240:is for the Jewish people".
135:, named in honour of Saint
5314:
5248:11th-century introductions
3714:Crown of the Heir Apparent
3279:Ducal hat of Liechtenstein
3234:Gold Crown of Cheonmachong
2978:Reliquary Crown of Otto II
2950:Crown of Empress Cunigunde
2825:Royal Crown of WĂŒrttemberg
2647:Grand Ducal Crown of Baden
2283:Archducal hat of Joseph II
1898:United Press International
1699:. Cosimo, Inc. p. 3.
1654:The Turks in World History
1217:the crown was held at the
1162:(now Mukachevo, Ukraine).
1126:with the Holy Crown on top
953:
826:Metropolitanate of Tourkia
791:
767:Emperor Michael VII Doukas
89:2,056 grams (72.5 oz)
29:
18:Doctrine of the Holy Crown
5189:
4945:Universities and colleges
4919:
4816:
4693:
4599:
4516:
4408:
4198:
3935:
3281:(missing; replica: Vaduz)
2887:Crown of Queen Kapiʻolani
2484:Diamond Crown of Bulgaria
2366:Crown of Margaret of York
2360:Crown of Princess Blanche
2255:Imperial Crown of Austria
2163:The crown jewels (images)
1737:The Holy Crown of Hungary
1311:Hungarian National Museum
1209:for safekeeping from the
219:Hungarian National Museum
61:
44:
4924:Anti-Hungarian sentiment
4604:Administrative divisions
4306:Coat of arms of Slavonia
3708:Crown of Queen Christina
3630:Crown of Stephen Bocskai
3624:Crown of Stefan UroĆĄ III
3362:Crown of the Netherlands
3069:Crown of Stephen Bocskai
3038:Tiara of Pope John XXIII
2616:Crown of Empress Eugénie
2437:Crown of Queen Alexandra
2331:Imperial Crown of Brazil
2302:Crown of Saint Wenceslas
2249:Archducal hat of Austria
2082:7, 1976m pp. 37â64.
1768:McGrath, Robert (2014).
1620:De Administrando Imperio
1536:BĂ rĂ ny-Oberschall (1949)
1245:Other coronation regalia
1233:on 6 January 1978.
4832:Hungarian National Bank
4463:Austro-Hungarian Empire
4311:Coat of arms of Croatia
3318:Crown of Ranavalona III
2797:Electoral Hat of Saxony
2455:Imperial Crown of India
2419:Crown of Queen Adelaide
2396:State Crown of George I
1124:coat of arms of Hungary
1065:Rudolph III of Burgundy
872:is not King GĂ©za I but
818:Eastern Orthodox Church
773:or of his son and heir
630:Archbishop of Esztergom
51:Front of the Holy Crown
4988:International rankings
4863:Science and technology
4743:Chief of General Staff
4438:OttomanâHungarian wars
3547:Crown of Kazan Tzardom
3525:Steel Crown of Romania
3467:Crown of Maria Josepha
2881:Crown of King KalÄkaua
2775:Crown of Queen Augusta
2726:Royal Crown of Hanover
2663:Royal Crown of Bavaria
2271:Archducal hat of Tyrol
2053:Tóth E., Szelényi K.,
1924:Europasâ Mitteâumâ1000
1618:
1555:
1466:
1458:
1451:Kruna svetoga Stjepana
1442:
1127:
1115:
1087:After the fall of the
1084:
1018:
973:
970:Matthias II of Hungary
947:
936:
923:
904:
898:
892:
878:
868:
850:
785:(1074â1077), with the
762:
757:
744:
739:
691:
685:
649:
504:
497:Matthias II of Hungary
489:
477:
469:
361:
348:(patron saint) of the
177:John Sigismund ZĂĄpolya
133:Crown of Saint Stephen
128:
120:
108:
107:Back of the Holy Crown
4433:Late Medieval Kingdom
4428:High Medieval Kingdom
4208:Former or historical
4202:Extant monarchies in
3461:Crown of Augustus III
3176:Emperor KĆmei Variant
3063:Holy Crown of Hungary
3044:Tiara of Pope Paul VI
3028:(Notre Dame, Indiana)
3026:Tiara of Pope Pius IX
2783:(Hohenzollern Castle)
2610:Crown of Napoleon III
2551:Crown of Christian IV
2036:KovĂĄcs Ă.-Lovag Zs.,
1842:"The Hungarian Crown"
1503:Rady, Martin (2020).
1467:SvÀtoƥtefanskå koruna
1207:Hungarian Crown Guard
1121:
1105:
1093:national coat of arms
1078:
1013:
967:
750:
732:
647:
495:
483:
475:
463:
131:), also known as the
113:Holy Crown of Hungary
106:
40:Holy Crown of Hungary
5177:World Heritage Sites
5049:Palaces and mansions
4413:Hungarian prehistory
3811:Raven Crown (Bhutan)
3649:Royal Crown of Spain
3597:Small Imperial Crown
3587:Great Imperial Crown
3449:Crown of Augustus II
3136:Crown of Theodelinda
3126:Royal Crown of Savoy
2757:Crown of Frederick I
2586:Crown of Saint Louis
2580:Crown of Charlemagne
2557:Crown of Christian V
2425:Imperial State Crown
2232:Helmet of Skanderbeg
2171:Stephan I of Hungary
2026:Kl, 91, Vienna 1966.
1998:, Vienna-Munich 1974
1900:. The New York Times
1848:on February 20, 2012
1006:The crown as a whole
523:(cross straps), the
426:improve this article
298:improve this article
223:Hungarian coronation
211:Stephen I of Hungary
137:Stephen I of Hungary
3496:Diadem of the Stars
3313:Crown of Madagascar
2781:Crown of Wilhelm II
2604:Crown of Napoleon I
2449:Crown of Queen Mary
2277:Ducal hat of Styria
2015:Benda K.-FĂŒgedi E.
1873:. December 29, 2014
1371:St. Vitus Cathedral
1331:remains in a glass
1274:of Hungary, in the
942:liturgical asterisk
874:St Stephen's father
777:, both having been
572:Mieszko I of Poland
503:with the Holy Crown
57:Heraldic depictions
5243:Kingdom of Hungary
5127:Hungarian language
4978:Hungarian diaspora
4878:Telecommunications
4503:Revolution of 1956
4458:Revolution of 1848
4347:Stephen of Hungary
3702:Crown of the Queen
3661:Crown of Sancho IV
3613:KaraÄorÄeviÄ Crown
3513:Crown of Elisabeta
3046:(Washington, D.C.)
3002:Papier-mùché Tiara
2920:Crown of Rudolf II
2863:Crown of Faustin I
2769:Crown of Wilhelm I
2704:Brunswick-LĂŒneburg
2633:German State Crown
2563:Crown of the Queen
2073:Folia Archaeologia
1420:Holy Crown Society
1382:Holy Roman Emperor
1303:coronation regalia
1295:King Saint Stephen
1213:. For much of the
1203:United States Army
1193:were recovered in
1185:At the end of the
1128:
1116:
1085:
1057:coronation sceptre
1019:
974:
779:born in the purple
775:Constantine Doukas
771:Konstantios Doukas
763:
745:
735:Michael VII Doukas
733:Byzantine Emperor
704:Christ Pantokrator
650:
505:
490:
478:
470:
350:Kingdom of Hungary
199:Michael VII Doukas
161:history of Hungary
145:Kingdom of Hungary
109:
5238:Individual crowns
5225:
5224:
5185:
5184:
4968:Human trafficking
4906:
4905:
4803:
4802:
4767:Political parties
4713:Foreign relations
4680:
4679:
4586:
4585:
4498:People's Republic
4478:Treaty of Trianon
4355:
4354:
4222:
4221:
4016:Holy Roman Empire
3890:
3889:
3696:Crown of Eric XIV
3542:"Cap of Monomakh"
2598:Crown of Louis XV
2592:Crown of Henry IV
2534:Crown of Zvonimir
2378:St Edward's Crown
2372:Crown of Scotland
1706:978-1-60520-134-4
1514:978-0-241-33262-7
1360:patriarchal cross
1050:coronation mantle
811:land of the Turks
724:Cosmas and Damian
584:Pope Sylvester II
515:(rim, hoop), the
458:
457:
450:
330:
329:
322:
270:Holiness doctrine
203:GĂ©za I of Hungary
196:Byzantine Emperor
101:
100:
16:(Redirected from
5305:
5205:
5198:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5051:
5044:
4947:
4917:
4854:
4834:
4814:
4793:
4779:
4691:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4614:Cities and towns
4597:
4443:Habsburg Kingdom
4406:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4359:
4342:Lady of Hungaria
4249:
4242:
4235:
4226:
4210:sovereign states
3917:
3910:
3903:
3894:
3857:Heir presumptive
3816:Shripech (Nepal)
3490:Crown of JoĂŁo VI
2325:Crown of Pedro I
2251:(Klosterneuburg)
2211:
2204:
2197:
2188:
2158:Sceptre (images)
2142:
2125:
2124:on 7 April 2016.
2123:
2117:. Archived from
2100:
2057:, Budapest 2000.
2040:, Budapest 1980.
2019:, Budapest 1988.
2001:Beckwith, John,
1985:The Art Bulletin
1979:
1958:
1927:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1844:. Archived from
1838:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1816:. Archived from
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1765:
1759:
1749:
1740:
1735:Anthony Endrey,
1733:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1690:
1684:
1683:, p. 45-53.
1678:
1669:
1668:
1648:
1637:
1623:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1588:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1500:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1436:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1286:
1267:
1255:
1187:Second World War
968:An engraving of
950:
939:
926:
914:treasure binding
907:
901:
895:
881:
871:
853:
800:
794:
793:
760:
742:
700:King Matthias II
694:
688:
620:coronation crown
580:liturgical books
552:Hartvikâs legend
466:Fugger Chronicle
453:
446:
442:
439:
433:
410:
402:
325:
318:
314:
311:
305:
282:
274:
215:Monomachus Crown
153:Carpathian Basin
141:coronation crown
66:
49:
37:
21:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5302:
5283:Medieval crowns
5228:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5181:
5092:
5085:
5078:
5071:
5047:
5040:
5022:
5008:Public holidays
4943:
4902:
4852:
4830:
4799:
4791:
4777:
4733:Law enforcement
4676:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4582:
4512:
4493:Second Republic
4395:
4386:
4356:
4351:
4320:
4316:Sword of Attila
4284:
4258:
4253:
4223:
4218:
4194:
3931:
3921:
3891:
3886:
3830:
3797:
3788:Crowns of Egypt
3774:
3757:
3738:
3733:Crown of Tahiti
3719:
3684:
3637:
3619:NemanjiÄ Crowns
3601:
3530:
3501:
3478:
3425:Hungarian Crown
3395:
3384:Crown of Norway
3366:
3350:
3322:
3301:
3284:
3265:
3223:Crowns of Silla
3211:Crown of Baekje
3197:
3157:
3108:
3091:Empress's Crown
3086:Sasanian crowns
3074:
3051:
2983:
2980:(Halle (Saale))
2899:
2892:
2867:
2849:
2844:Crown of Greece
2832:
2621:
2568:
2539:
2522:
2489:
2472:
2346:
2313:
2288:
2237:
2220:
2215:
2149:
2128:
2121:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2088:Further reading
2085:
2080:Ungarn Jahrbuch
2068:), Szeged 2000.
1976:
1961:
1955:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1823:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1750:
1743:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1650:
1649:
1640:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1410:Hungarian Crown
1400:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1333:inert gas vault
1324:The very large
1297:
1287:
1278:
1272:Globus Cruciger
1268:
1259:
1256:
1247:
1112:Matthias Church
1073:
1039:
1008:
962:
896:(cross straps)
888:
751:Hungarian King
681:
642:
618:The Crown is a
616:
454:
443:
437:
434:
423:
411:
400:
362:Szentkorona-tan
326:
315:
309:
306:
295:
283:
272:
253:
52:
35:
32:Hungarian Crown
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5311:
5309:
5301:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5230:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5207:
5206:
5199:
5191:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5045:
5032:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4920:
4914:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4868:Stock exchange
4865:
4860:
4855:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4823:
4817:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4786:Prime Minister
4783:
4782:
4781:
4769:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4752:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4694:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4667:National parks
4664:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4650:
4643:
4631:
4626:
4624:Extreme points
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4508:Third Republic
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4473:First Republic
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4409:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4362:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4263:Constitutional
4260:
4259:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4229:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4206:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4183:
4173:United Kingdom
4169:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4095:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4012:
4007:
4006:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3897:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3752:Crown of Tonga
3748:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3729:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3627:
3616:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3522:
3519:Crown of Maria
3516:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3493:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3431:Homagial Crown
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3296:Gediminas' Cap
3292:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3220:
3214:
3207:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3133:
3123:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3066:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3034:(Vatican City)
3032:Palatine Tiara
3029:
3023:
3022:(Vatican City)
3017:
3016:(Vatican City)
3011:
3010:(Vatican City)
3008:Napoleon Tiara
3005:
3004:(Vatican City)
2993:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2904:
2902:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2884:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2676:
2666:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2636:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2414:Diamond Diadem
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2356:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2310:(Ćroda ĆlÄ
ska)
2305:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2258:
2252:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2147:External links
2145:
2144:
2143:
2126:
2109:(5): 602â631.
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2058:
2051:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
1999:
1992:
1980:
1974:
1959:
1953:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1911:
1884:
1858:
1830:
1805:
1785:
1778:
1772:. p. 59.
1760:
1741:
1728:
1719:
1705:
1685:
1670:
1663:
1638:
1626:Pecheneg realm
1603:
1580:
1570:
1561:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1513:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1470:
1447:Serbo-Croatian
1430:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1402:Hungary portal
1389:
1386:
1299:
1298:
1288:
1281:
1279:
1269:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1156:Palanok Castle
1136:Székesfehérvår
1099:arms of 1849.
1072:
1069:
1038:
1035:
1015:Franz Joseph I
1007:
1004:
961:
958:
887:
884:
822:Constantinople
680:
677:
641:
638:
615:
612:
548:Könyves Kålmån
456:
455:
414:
412:
405:
399:
396:
352:, but also as
328:
327:
286:
284:
277:
271:
268:
267:
266:
263:
260:
257:
252:
249:
229:(1310â1342).
207:Greek language
192:Constantinople
159:. Through the
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
68:
67:
59:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5310:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5288:Byzantine art
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
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5145:
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5140:
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5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
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5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5095:
5091:
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5084:
5081:
5077:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4953:Family policy
4951:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
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4827:
4824:
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4818:
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4806:
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4787:
4784:
4780:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4751:
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4744:
4741:
4740:
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4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
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4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4673:
4670:
4668:
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4663:
4660:
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4651:
4648:
4644:
4641:
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4607:
4605:
4602:
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4598:
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4589:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4541:ĂrpĂĄd dynasty
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4515:
4509:
4506:
4504:
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4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
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4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4453:RĂĄkĂłczi's War
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
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4411:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4378:
4376:
4371:
4369:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4325:Other symbols
4323:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4287:
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4268:
4267:
4265:
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4023:
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4018:
4017:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
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3911:
3906:
3904:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3852:Heir apparent
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:Maltese Crown
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3443:Queen's Crown
3441:
3438:
3437:Funeral Crown
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3419:Muscovy Crown
3417:
3414:
3413:Swedish Crown
3411:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3271:Liechtenstein
3268:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3217:Crown of Gaya
3215:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3104:
3103:Pahlavi Crown
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3020:Spanish Tiara
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2895:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2741:Wendish Crown
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2352:British Isles
2349:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1975:9783447041461
1971:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1956:
1954:9788386951338
1950:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1820:on 2017-06-01
1819:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1779:9781312515192
1775:
1771:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1708:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1664:9780195177268
1660:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1632:(or even the
1631:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1606:
1604:0-88402-021-5
1600:
1596:
1595:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1527:Beckwith, 214
1524:
1521:
1516:
1510:
1506:
1505:The Habsburgs
1499:
1496:
1489:
1484:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1443:Stephanskrone
1440:
1435:
1432:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1261:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:Lajos Kossuth
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:ĂrpĂĄd dynasty
1125:
1120:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1043:corona latina
1036:
1034:
1032:
1031:corona graeca
1028:
1027:corona graeca
1024:
1016:
1012:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
992:
988:
983:
978:
971:
966:
959:
957:
955:
949:
948:corona graeca
943:
938:
937:corona latina
932:
928:
925:
924:corona latina
918:
915:
909:
906:
905:corona graeca
900:
899:corona latina
894:
893:keresztpĂĄntos
886:Corona Latina
885:
883:
880:
879:corona gracea
875:
870:
869:corona graeca
864:
862:
858:
852:
851:corona graeca
846:
842:
840:
836:
831:
827:
823:
819:
814:
812:
808:
804:
799:
789:inscription:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
759:
758:corona graeca
754:
749:
741:
740:corona graeca
736:
731:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
693:
692:corona graeca
687:
679:Corona graeca
678:
676:
674:
670:
665:
663:
662:corona latina
659:
658:corona graeca
655:
646:
639:
637:
635:
631:
627:
626:
621:
613:
611:
607:
603:
600:
598:
593:
587:
585:
581:
576:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
525:corona latina
522:
521:keresztpĂĄntok
518:
517:corona graeca
514:
510:
502:
498:
494:
487:
482:
474:
467:
462:
452:
449:
441:
431:
427:
421:
420:
415:This section
413:
409:
404:
403:
397:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
324:
321:
313:
303:
299:
293:
292:
287:This section
285:
281:
276:
275:
269:
264:
261:
258:
255:
254:
250:
248:
246:
241:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
197:
193:
189:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
105:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
78:
74:
69:
65:
60:
55:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
5036:Architecture
5003:Prostitution
4934:Demographics
4898:Unemployment
4888:Trade unions
4723:Intelligence
4718:Human rights
4703:Constitution
4578:Coat of arms
4555:
4536:List of wars
4521:Christianity
4488:World War II
4423:Principality
4296:Crown jewels
4295:
4275:Coat of arms
4213:
4203:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4118:
4111:
4097:
4085:
4078:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4021:
4014:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3964:
3928:crown jewels
3882:Royal family
3847:Crown jewels
3802:
3779:
3769:Crown of Rus
3754:(Nukuʻalofa)
3473:PĆock Diadem
3258:Silver Crown
3062:
2997:Papal tiaras
2816:
2788:
2748:
2732:
2717:
2702:
2686:
2654:
2638:
2565:(Copenhagen)
2559:(Copenhagen)
2553:(Copenhagen)
2513:Tongtianguan
2333:(PetrĂłpolis)
2327:(PetrĂłpolis)
2273:(Mariastein)
2174:
2130:
2119:the original
2106:
2102:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2002:
1995:
1983:
1964:
1943:
1923:
1920:Mammen style
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1897:
1887:
1875:. Retrieved
1870:
1861:
1850:. Retrieved
1846:the original
1822:. Retrieved
1818:the original
1808:
1797:. Retrieved
1788:
1769:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1731:
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1695:
1688:
1653:
1608:. Retrieved
1593:
1573:
1564:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1504:
1498:
1473:
1459:Sacra Corona
1434:
1415:Crown jewels
1384:circa 1100.
1375:
1373:since 1368.
1364:
1357:
1349:rock crystal
1346:
1323:
1300:
1235:
1231:Jimmy Carter
1211:Soviet Union
1191:crown jewels
1184:
1172:Transylvania
1129:
1086:
1079:A plaque at
1056:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1000:
996:
979:
975:
954:§ Cross
933:
929:
919:
910:
889:
865:
847:
843:
830:Metropolitan
815:
764:
697:
689:(rim, hoop)
682:
666:
661:
657:
651:
623:
617:
608:
604:
601:
588:
577:
541:
524:
520:
519:; the upper
516:
512:
506:
444:
438:January 2013
435:
424:Please help
419:verification
416:
387:
383:
375:
371:
366:
353:
345:
338:St Stephen I
334:divine right
331:
316:
310:January 2013
307:
296:Please help
291:verification
288:
242:
231:
201:to the King
185:
143:used by the
132:
129:Sacra Corona
121:Szent Korona
112:
110:
5152:Spa culture
4983:Irredentism
4821:Agriculture
4750:Nationality
4468:World War I
4099:Netherlands
4002:WĂŒrttemberg
3716:(Stockholm)
3710:(Stockholm)
3704:(Stockholm)
3698:(Stockholm)
3527:(Bucharest)
3521:(Bucharest)
3515:(Bucharest)
3445:(destroyed)
3433:(destroyed)
3427:(destroyed)
3421:(destroyed)
3415:(destroyed)
3392:(Trondheim)
3386:(Trondheim)
3380:(Trondheim)
3355:Netherlands
3341:(destroyed)
3097:Kiani Crown
2932:Essen Crown
2827:(Stuttgart)
2818:WĂŒrttemberg
2734:Mecklenburg
2688:Brandenburg
2649:(Karlsruhe)
2612:(destroyed)
2594:(destroyed)
2588:(destroyed)
2582:(destroyed)
2392:(destroyed)
2390:Tudor Crown
2374:(Edinburgh)
2267:) (missing)
2103:Art History
1630:Siret River
1545:LĂĄszlĂł, 425
1239:Cyrus Vance
1144:Pest county
1023:kamelaukion
805:, faithful
801:, meaning "
368:PĂ©ter RĂ©vay
342:Virgin Mary
234:PĂ©ter RĂ©vay
173:Wladyslaw I
5232:Categories
5167:Television
5132:Literature
5122:Inventions
4973:Hungarians
4963:Healthcare
4853:(currency)
4755:Parliament
4556:Holy Crown
4289:Historical
4093:Montenegro
3930:by country
3842:Coronation
3735:(Punaauia)
3651:(heraldic)
3615:(Belgrade)
3306:Madagascar
3260:(Gyeongju)
3254:(Gyeongju)
3236:(Gyeongju)
3230:(Gyeongju)
3120:Iron Crown
3065:(Budapest)
2956:) (Munich)
2914:Iron Crown
2898:Holy Roman
2889:(Honolulu)
2883:(Honolulu)
2743:(heraldic)
2675:) (Munich)
2635:(heraldic)
2506:Yishanguan
2011:0140560335
1852:2009-08-27
1824:2016-12-12
1799:2008-12-17
1485:References
1326:coronation
982:True Cross
625:nĂĄdorispĂĄn
382:1613) and
157:legitimacy
139:, was the
5112:Festivals
4993:Languages
4939:Education
4893:Transport
4840:Companies
4772:President
4708:Elections
4662:Mountains
4634:Hydrology
4592:Geography
4212:shown in
4105:Jewellery
3771:(missing)
3675:(Seville)
3669:(Granada)
3626:(Cetinje)
3457:(Dresden)
3451:(Dresden)
3439:(missing)
3298:(missing)
3289:Lithuania
3154:(Palermo)
3148:(missing)
3142:) (Monza)
3132:) (Turin)
3040:(Bergamo)
2811:(Dresden)
2805:(Dresden)
2799:(Dresden)
2777:(missing)
2771:(missing)
2536:(missing)
2486:(missing)
2173:" in the
2139:603872168
2075:47, 2000.
2060:TĂłth E.,
1904:7 January
1877:7 January
1681:BaĂĄn 1999
1610:28 August
1490:Citations
1309:from the
1223:Fort Knox
1108:Charles I
991:Ferdinand
720:Demetrius
654:almandine
560:Esztergom
529:Byzantine
488:from 1613
486:Engraving
392:Frankfurt
358:Hungarian
227:Charles I
188:Byzantine
181:Joseph II
169:Charles I
117:Hungarian
5212:Category
5117:Folklore
5094:Sausages
5013:Religion
4873:Taxation
4858:Industry
4738:Military
4686:Politics
4609:Counties
4568:Nobility
4551:Monarchs
4531:Military
4526:Economic
4418:Pannonia
4393:articles
4180:Scotland
4166:Thailand
4131:Portugal
4087:Malaysia
4043:Lombardy
3955:Bulgaria
3867:Monarchy
3835:See also
3681:(Toledo)
3663:(Toledo)
3657:(Madrid)
3632:(Vienna)
3498:(Lisbon)
3492:(Lisbon)
3483:Portugal
3469:(Warsaw)
3463:(Warsaw)
3347:(Vienna)
3219:(Yongin)
3213:(Gongju)
3105:(Tehran)
3099:(Tehran)
3093:(Tehran)
3071:(Vienna)
2989:Holy See
2974:(Speyer)
2968:(Munich)
2962:(Munich)
2946:(Aachen)
2940:(Aachen)
2928:(Munich)
2922:(Vienna)
2910:(Vienna)
2846:(Athens)
2765:(Berlin)
2759:(Berlin)
2697:(Berlin)
2681:(Munich)
2665:(Munich)
2518:Mianguan
2477:Bulgaria
2469:(London)
2463:(London)
2457:(London)
2451:(London)
2445:(London)
2439:(London)
2433:(London)
2427:(London)
2421:(London)
2410:(London)
2404:(London)
2398:(London)
2386:(London)
2380:(London)
2368:(Aachen)
2362:(Munich)
2304:(Prague)
2285:(Vienna)
2257:(Vienna)
2234:(Vienna)
2033:3, 1981.
1388:See also
1342:chasuble
1227:Kentucky
1215:Cold War
1174:(today
1140:VisegrĂĄd
987:Isabella
857:Synadene
820:, under
669:pendilia
597:Otto III
537:crowning
533:BĂ©la III
380:Augsburg
238:Lost Ark
5263:Regalia
5196:Outline
5172:Theatre
5162:Symbols
5107:Fashion
5067:Cuisine
5042:Castles
5028:Culture
4912:Society
4883:Tourism
4850:Forint
4809:Economy
4760:Speaker
4698:Cabinet
4672:Regions
4640:Islands
4629:Geology
4619:Climate
4401:History
4389:Hungary
4214:italics
4136:Romania
4113:Nigeria
4064:Tuscany
4032:Ireland
4022:Hungary
3995:Prussia
3988:Bavaria
3982:Germany
3977:Georgia
3966:Denmark
3960:Czechia
3945:Austria
3940:Albania
3924:Regalia
3877:Regalia
3762:Ukraine
3506:Romania
3475:(PĆock)
3248:(Seoul)
3242:(Seoul)
3183:Kanmuri
3122:(Monza)
3056:Hungary
2934:(Essen)
2916:(Monza)
2750:Prussia
2719:Hanover
2656:Bavaria
2626:Germany
2618:(Paris)
2606:(Paris)
2600:(Paris)
2544:Denmark
2527:Croatia
2294:Bohemia
2242:Austria
2225:Albania
1934:Sources
1712:15 June
1559:, 1613.
1477:missing
1353:Fatimid
1338:sisters
1315:sceptre
1205:by the
1195:Mattsee
1180:Romania
1160:MunkĂĄcs
1148:Pozsony
1097:Kossuth
1081:MunkĂĄcs
861:Hungary
809:of the
755:on the
737:on the
712:Gabriel
708:Michael
686:abroncs
634:primate
592:Vatican
544:Hartvik
513:abroncs
346:patrona
217:in the
165:crowned
80:Hungary
76:Country
71:Details
5217:Portal
5087:Dishes
5062:Cinema
4958:Health
4845:Energy
4654:Rivers
4561:Regent
4391:
4332:SzĂłzat
4280:Anthem
4159:Sweden
4146:Serbia
4141:Russia
4126:Poland
4120:Norway
4071:Venice
4057:Sicily
4050:Naples
4010:Greece
3972:France
3950:Brazil
3780:Africa
3725:Tahiti
3689:Sweden
3606:Serbia
3535:Russia
3400:Poland
3371:Norway
3327:Mexico
3188:Raikan
3171:Benkan
2900:Empire
2873:Hawaii
2837:Greece
2790:Saxony
2573:France
2318:Brazil
2279:(Graz)
2218:Crowns
2137:
2009:
1972:
1951:
1776:
1703:
1661:
1601:
1511:
1463:Slovak
1439:German
1367:Prague
1329:mantle
1313:. The
1176:OrĆova
1063:, and
917:1000.
803:GĂ©za I
783:GĂ©za I
753:GĂ©za I
722:, and
716:George
556:Astrik
398:Origin
354:regina
179:, and
94:Arches
86:Weight
5203:Index
5157:Sport
5147:Names
5142:Music
5137:Media
5102:Dance
5018:Women
4929:Crime
4826:Banks
4647:Lakes
4337:Turul
4187:Wales
4152:Spain
4080:Japan
4037:Italy
3872:Queen
3744:Tonga
3642:Spain
3203:Korea
3163:Japan
3113:Italy
2855:Haiti
2640:Baden
2501:Futou
2494:China
2122:(PDF)
2099:(PDF)
2049:JSTOR
1990:JSTOR
1455:Latin
1426:Notes
1378:lance
1106:King
960:Cross
839:halos
835:Kralj
813:").
807:kralj
787:Greek
673:monde
501:medal
499:on a
151:(the
125:Latin
5080:Beer
5073:Wine
4998:LGBT
4792:list
4778:list
4573:Flag
4546:King
4270:Flag
4204:bold
4027:Iran
3926:and
3862:King
3803:Asia
3079:Iran
2135:OCLC
2007:ISBN
1970:ISBN
1949:ISBN
1906:2020
1879:2020
1774:ISBN
1714:2013
1701:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1612:2013
1599:ISBN
1509:ISBN
1189:the
1152:Buda
1142:(in
1122:The
1055:The
890:The
848:The
718:and
710:and
683:The
614:Type
568:Pope
564:Rome
111:The
5057:Art
4728:Law
2111:doi
1369:'s
1319:orb
1291:HUF
1158:at
1146:);
956:).
562:to
558:of
484:An
428:by
364:).
300:by
5234::
3140:it
3130:it
2954:de
2821::
2793::
2753::
2737::
2722::
2707::
2691::
2673:de
2659::
2643::
2265:de
2107:31
2105:.
2101:.
1896:.
1869:.
1833:^
1744:^
1673:^
1641:^
1583:^
1465::
1461:;
1457::
1453:;
1449::
1445:;
1441::
1376:A
1344:.
1317:,
1225:,
1178:,
863:.
726:.
675:.
390:,
378:,
360::
247:.
183:.
175:,
127::
123:,
119::
4381:e
4374:t
4367:v
4248:e
4241:t
4234:v
3916:e
3909:t
3902:v
3138:(
3128:(
2952:(
2671:(
2263:(
2210:e
2203:t
2196:v
2169:"
2141:.
2113::
2064:(
1978:.
1957:.
1908:.
1881:.
1855:.
1827:.
1802:.
1782:.
1716:.
1667:.
1614:.
1517:.
1221:(
833:(
795:(
632:(
451:)
445:(
440:)
436:(
422:.
386:(
374:(
323:)
317:(
312:)
308:(
294:.
115:(
97:4
34:.
20:)
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