Knowledge (XXG)

Dolmens of the North Caucasus

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144:, these structures are equal to the great megaliths of Eurasia in terms of age and quality of architecture, but are still of an unknown origin. In spite of the variety of Caucasian monuments, they show strong similarities with megaliths from different parts of Eurasia, like the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Iran and India. A range of hypotheses has been put forward to explain these similarities and the building of megaliths on the whole, but still it remains unclear. 25: 191: 273: 164: 90: 180:
usually splays out, creating an area where rituals possibly took place. The court is usually outlined by large stone walls, sometimes over a meter high, which enclose the court. It is in this area that Bronze and Iron Age pottery has been found - which helped date these sites -, along with human remains, bronze tools and silver, gold and semi-precious stone ornaments.
151:, but more are constantly being found, while some are being destroyed. Today, many are in great disrepair and will be completely lost if they are not protected from vandals and general neglect. The North Caucasus Dolmens make up a lost city by the shore of the Black Sea. The dolmens could have been vaults of metal objects or jewelry that were pillaged by the invading 184:
lintel held up by two columns. Pairs of breasts, done in relief, have also been found on a few dolmens. These breasts usually appear above the two columns of the porthole decoration. Perhaps related to these are the stone plugs, which were used to block the porthole, and are found with almost every tomb. They are sometimes phallic-shaped.
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The repertoire of decoration for these megalithic structures is not extensive. Vertical and horizontal zigzags, hanging triangles and concentric circles are the most common motifs. One decorative motif that is quite common is found across the top of the porthole slab. It can best be described as a
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The central dolmen is rectangular in plan, 4 x 4 meters, while the two flanking dolmens are circular, 4 and 5 meters in diameter. The two round dolmens had been bulldozed - probably in the 1950s - in order to harvest the surrounding trees, but the main structure of the central dolmen had not been
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have a limited variety in their architecture. The floor plans are square, trapezoidal, rectangular and round. All of the dolmens are punctuated with a portal in the centre of the facade. While round portholes are the most common, square ones are also found. In front of the facade is a court that
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The Caucasian dolmens represent a unique type of prehistoric architecture, built with precisely dressed large stone blocks. The stones were, for example, shaped into 90-degree angles, to be used as corners or were curved to make a circle.
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Another (fourth) dolmen near the Zhane River has a secret entrance at the back of the chamber, and a façade, dummy entrance and courtyard at the front of the dolmen. There in addition to these pristine dolmens were some ruined dolmens.
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Boulygina, Eugenia; Tsygankova, Svetlana; Sharko, Fedor; Slobodova, Natalia; Gruzdeva, Natalia; Rastorguev, Sergey; Belinsky, Andrej; Härke, Heinrich; Kadieva, Anna; Demidenko, Sergej; Shvedchikova, Tatiana (2020-06-01).
222:. In this area there is a great concentration of all types of megalithic sites including settlements and dolmen cemeteries. Large stone mounds surrounded the two monuments. 54: 113:) and stone labyrinths dating between the end of the 4th millennium and the beginning of the 2nd millennium B.C. have been found (but little studied) throughout the 465: 272: 2125: 121:. Most of them are represented by rectangular structures made of stone slabs or cut in rocks with holes in their facade. These dolmens cover the 2135: 698: 769: 1383: 703: 2104: 1235: 76: 458: 245:. A genetic study in 2020 analysing samples from Klin-Yar communities, including the Koban culture, found one sample of paternal 1812: 1807: 1802: 1722: 155:
around the first millennium BC. The dolmens could have been of spiritual significance, and are becoming cherished again today.
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Some unusual items associated with dolmens are big round stone balls, double balls and animal sculptures.
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Other important megalithic sites of Russia have been found along Russia’s northern shores with the
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on both sides of the mountain ridge, in an area of approximately 12,000 square kilometres of
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complexes – group of three dolmens - stands in a row on a hill above
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Approximately 3,000 of these megalithic monuments are known in the
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Archived from 271: 23: 1723:List of recumbent stone circles 2126:Megalithic monuments in Europe 801:List of multiple-stone circles 288:Other Russian megalithic sites 280:Moscow State Historical Museum 194:Dolmen pyramid in Mamed Canyon 1: 2100:Photographs of stone circles 418:10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102357 198:One of the most interesting 2136:Archaeology of the Caucasus 1251:Vale Maria do Meio Cromlech 1221:Barreira Megalithic Complex 719:Route of Megalithic Culture 93:Dolmen near the Zhane river 2167: 1571:Long Meg and Her Daughters 1369:Dolmen del prado de Lácara 1216:Great Dolmen of Zambujeiro 796:List of five-stone circles 770:La Gran'mère du Chimquière 372:"home page - dolmens.land" 110: 1989:St Lythans burial chamber 1272:Dolmens of North Caucasus 1166:Anta do Alto da Toupeira‎ 816:Ardristan standing stones 253:. Other haplogroups were 2105:Middle Eastern megaliths 2004:Tŷ Newydd Burial Chamber 1201:Anta da Pedra dos Mouros 931:Templebryan Stone Circle 831:Brennanstown Portal Tomb 583:Broken Menhir of Er Grah 319:List of megalithic sites 32:This article includes a 2055:Concentric stone circle 1339:Chabola de la Hechicera 1206:Anta das Pedras Grandes 1196:Antas do Olival da Pêga 856:Castlenalacht Stone Row 689:Lancken-Granitz dolmens 588:Dolmen de Mané-Kerioned 282:, 3rd-2nd millennium BC 61:more precise citations. 2095:Recumbent stone circle 1491:Burnmoor stone circles 1334:Antequera Dolmens Site 1282:Megaliths in the Urals 709:Oldendorfer Totenstatt 623:Locmariaquer megaliths 573:Menhir de Champ-Dolent 195: 172: 94: 2141:Archaeology of Russia 1949:Lligwy Burial Chamber 1601:Nine Stones, Altarnun 1405:Obelisk of Theodosius 1354:Dolmen of Guadalperal 1226:Dolmen of Cunha Baixa 1083:Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum 876:Gaulstown Portal Tomb 866:Creevykeel Court Tomb 193: 166: 92: 1924:Carreg Coetan Arthur 1364:Dolmen de la Pastora 1231:Dolmen of Carapito I 1191:Anta do Monte Abraão 821:Beltany stone circle 653:Verziau of Gargantua 1974:Parc Cwm long cairn 1884:Barclodiad y Gawres 1088:Xagħra Stone Circle 886:Grange stone circle 861:Castlestrange Stone 338:on 25 February 2007 247:Haplogroup D-Z27276 233:Associated cultures 2045:Axial stone circle 1813:Loanhead of Daviot 1808:Kirkton of Bourtie 1803:Easter Aquhorthies 1481:Brown Willy Cairns 1384:La Torre–La Janera 1211:Anta da Vidigueira 1176:Anta de Carcavelos 1151:Almendres Cromlech 978:Megalithic Temples 941:Uragh Stone Circle 921:Poulnabrone dolmen 724:Sieben Steinhäuser 241:community and the 196: 173: 115:Caucasus Mountains 97:Concentrations of 95: 34:list of references 2113: 2112: 2033: 2032: 1728:Auld Bourtreebush 1606:Nine Stones Close 1349:Dolmen de Axeitos 1241:Menhir of Outeiro 1171:Antas do Barrocal 1156:Anta de Adrenunes 1027:Qortin l-Imdawwar 836:Brownshill dolmen 755:Le Creux ès Faïes 643:Tombeau de Merlin 578:Dolmen de Bagneux 558:Tumulus of Bougon 358:on 6 January 2007 259:Haplogroup G-M285 87: 86: 79: 2158: 2131:Stone Age Europe 1914:Bryn Gwyn stones 1904:Bryn Cader Faner 1783:Clach an Trushal 1670:Northern Ireland 1621:Rudston Monolith 1436: 1287:Russian geoglyph 1246:Menhir of Bulhoa 1186:Antas da Valeira 906:Meehambee Dolmen 704:Niedertiefenbach 679:Fraubillen cross 613:Hotié de Viviane 598:Gallardet Dolmen 563:Caixa de Rotllan 468: 461: 454: 445: 438: 437: 396: 386: 384: 382: 367: 365: 363: 347: 345: 343: 275: 149:Western Caucasus 123:Western Caucasus 112: 82: 75: 71: 68: 62: 57:this article by 48:inline citations 27: 26: 19: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2146:Tombs in Russia 2116: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2050:Chambered cairn 2029: 2025:Manx runestones 2013: 1872: 1828:Ring of Brodgar 1818:Lochmaben Stone 1711: 1665: 1586:Mitchell's Fold 1431: 1425: 1421:Boundary Stones 1409: 1393: 1379:Dolmen de Viera 1359:Dolmen of Menga 1344:Cova d'en Daina 1322: 1291: 1260: 1161:Anta de Agualva 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Retrieved 336:the original 291: 236: 224: 197: 186: 182: 174: 146: 139: 135: 117:, including 96: 73: 64: 53:Please help 45: 2018:Isle of Man 1999:Tinkinswood 1984:Pentre Ifan 1944:Llanfechell 1939:Foel Chwern 1889:Bedd Arthur 1843:Steinacleit 1596:Nine Ladies 1566:Leper Stone 1476:Bridestones 1466:Boscawen-Un 1318:Stone ships 1296:Scandinavia 1097:Netherlands 1032:Santa Verna 936:Turoe Stone 911:Mount Venus 714:Riesenstein 638:Peyre-Brune 527:Beglik Tash 381:30 December 362:30 December 342:30 December 302:Vera Island 298:Barents Sea 204:Zhane River 59:introducing 2120:Categories 2009:Whetstones 1994:Trefignath 1959:Maen Madoc 1863:Tyrebagger 1858:Tomnaverie 1788:Colmeallie 1737:Callanish 1697:Drumskinny 1641:Stonehenge 1576:Mên-an-Tol 1551:Hoarstones 1531:Five Wells 1496:Castlerigg 1308:Runestones 1120:Brąchnówko 1042:Ta' Ħaġrat 891:High cross 851:Carrowmore 775:Le Trépied 729:Wotanstein 504:Azerbaijan 412:: 102357. 325:References 216:Gelendzhik 200:megalithic 169:Gelendzhik 2090:Stone row 2070:Harrespil 1954:Maen Llia 1798:Drybridge 1793:Dunnideer 1778:Cat Stane 1733:Balquhain 1702:Legananny 1687:Beaghmore 1616:Rollright 1486:Bull Ring 1471:Boskednan 1446:Arbor Low 1389:Son Matge 1125:Grzybnica 1012:Ħal Ġinwi 1007:Ħaġar Qim 669:Altendorf 633:Paddaghju 628:Mane Braz 608:Harrespil 476:megaliths 474:European 434:218789467 426:2352-409X 294:White Sea 208:Black Sea 153:Scythians 99:megaliths 67:July 2007 1853:Sunhoney 1848:Strichen 1838:Stenness 1716:Scotland 1682:Ballynoe 1677:Aughlish 1651:Swinside 1646:Stripple 1626:Scorhill 1541:Goodaver 1526:Fernacre 1511:Doll Tor 1461:Birkrigg 1144:Portugal 1067:Tas-Silġ 1057:Tal-Qadi 1002:Ġgantija 997:Debdieba 896:Kealkill 826:Bohonagh 811:Ardgroom 780:La Varde 743:Guernsey 674:Denghoog 618:Kerzérho 603:Gavrinis 593:Filitosa 553:Barnenez 520:Bulgaria 490:Metsamor 352:"Статьи" 308:See also 296:and the 239:Klin-Yar 226:damaged. 131:Abkhazia 119:Abkhazia 2151:Dolmens 2038:General 1899:Bodowyr 1833:Sheldon 1823:Pictish 1661:Trippet 1631:Stannon 1561:Hurlers 1451:Avebury 1439:England 1432:Kingdom 1414:Ukraine 1135:Węsiory 1104:Hunebed 1072:Xemxija 1062:Tarxien 1022:Mnajdra 992:Buġibba 871:Drombeg 789:Ireland 734:Züschen 684:Harhoog 662:Germany 648:Tremeca 483:Armenia 265:Gallery 206:on the 177:dolmens 142:Eurasia 111:исп-унэ 103:dolmens 55:improve 2075:Menhir 2060:Dolmen 1773:Carlin 1692:Corick 1611:Pipers 1430:United 1398:Turkey 1265:Russia 1113:Poland 1037:Skorba 1017:Kordin 950:Jersey 568:Carnac 546:France 432:  424:  220:Russia 127:Russia 107:Adyghe 2065:Henge 1877:Wales 1521:Duloe 1327:Spain 971:Malta 926:Reask 694:Lohra 532:Garlo 430:S2CID 214:near 40:, or 1761:VIII 1130:Odry 422:ISSN 383:2017 364:2017 344:2017 257:and 175:The 129:and 1751:III 414:doi 133:. 2122:: 1756:IV 1746:II 428:. 420:. 410:31 408:. 404:. 374:. 304:. 261:. 218:, 109:: 101:, 44:, 36:, 1766:X 1741:I 1079:) 980:( 467:e 460:t 453:v 436:. 416:: 385:. 366:. 346:. 171:. 105:( 80:) 74:( 69:) 65:( 51:.

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megaliths
dolmens
Adyghe
Caucasus Mountains
Abkhazia
Western Caucasus
Russia
Abkhazia
Eurasia
Western Caucasus
Scythians

Gelendzhik
dolmens

megalithic
Zhane River
Black Sea
Krasnodar area
Gelendzhik
Russia
Klin-Yar

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