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comfortable coming in for dinner alone, certain they would run into at least one other person they knew and could dine with." This comfort was due to the fact that while the restaurant was technically co-ed, women took priority. After Mother
Courage was granted their beer and wine license in 1973, Joyce Vinson (one of the later managers of the restaurant), explained that as a feminist, she would only give the first sip of wine to women even if accompanied by male guests. Checks were also placed within equal distance of diners in order to not make any assumptions about who was going to pay for the meal. Diners, however, weren't the only people to experience this feminist set of ethics. Mother Courage made sure to pay each worker the same salary and had each position rotate amongst staff so that, "every woman an appreciation of the problems of every other woman."
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understood this as a precursor to her firing a few months later due largely to
Friedan’s insistence that Alexander be fired because she was a lesbian. In March, at the national conference Alexander was officially relieved of her duties and the NOW National Office was moved to Chicago, although Alexander continued working as Executive Director until May when she officially resigned.
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269:, then President of New York City NOW, told Alexander the reason she left her husband was that she’s a lesbian. Bottini also encouraged Alexander to hire Rita Mae Brown for an open position in NOW’s national office. Alexander hired Brown and reassured Bottini that they’d still be friends without resolving her own feelings about lesbianism.
153:(NOW) from 1969-1970, as co-owner of the feminist restaurant Mother Courage from 1972-1977, and co-founder of Women Against Pornography (WAP) in 1979. Until her death, in 2008, she continued to believe in the need for the women's rights movement in contemporary times, stating that "It's bigotry, and I don't know if you can eliminate it".
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To this point, Alexander and
Friedan were friends as much as colleagues, so Alexander decided she should tell Friedan about what she overheard. Alexander explained that Friedan’s recent divorce coupled with her love of flattery would make it easy for Anselma Dell’Olio to seduce. At first, Friedan was
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After returning from a picket at the White House in
Washington, DC, Alexander spoke with Brown about her relationship with Jean Faust, a prominent member of New York City NOW. During the course of their conversation, Alexander ended up taking Brown to bed, but their relationship ended soon after when
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After these events, Alexander and
Friedan’s relationship became more and more strained until they could no longer work with one another without Friedan screaming. In February of 1970, the Board of NOW reduced Alexander’s job duties as a way to limit her interactions with Friedan. However, Alexander
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Every night for the first couple of weeks of Mother
Courage's opening, Ward and Alexander explained their restaurant was at near capacity for dinner. They explained in their press release that, "...Mother Courage had become the hangout and gathering place of feminists around the city. Women felt
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and began working as the
Executive Director officially in February 1969. Alexander intended for the Executive Director position to be a part time job so she could work on freelance writing to supplement her income, but the workload ended up taking up all of her time.
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In
December of 1968, Alexander proposed a new position in NOW, the Executive Director, who would set up a New York office to answer mail, put out a newsletter, and do other organizational work for NOW. Alexander quit her job at
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a bit outraged but amused to hear about the conversation but, after receiving multiple calls from Dell’Olio, she became more seriously concerned about lesbians in NOW. Brown soon resigned from her position.
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Until that time I had always felt like a weirdo, the only person who felt out of step with the world around her. I knew we needed a women's movement. This is what I had been waiting for. – Dolores
Alexander,
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called Benny's Soda
Luncheonette and Delicatessen. With the help of many friends and Ward's father, Alexander and Ward completely remodeled the location and turned it into an entirely new restaurant.
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415:. As her health declined, she stepped back from the movement spotlight, preferring to watch a new generation of activists "lead the change". On May 13, 2008, Alexander died in
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attending a meeting of the New York City chapter around December 1968 and referring to herself as “your local neighborhood lesbian”, startling the group. A few months later,
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Mary Dorman's (Ward and Alexander's lawyer) Letter of Sale, June 1977. Box 15, Dolores Alexander Papers. Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
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360:'s eponymous drama. Since the two women had no prior restaurant experience, they borrowed money from several feminist friends and colleagues to renovate an old
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Mother Courage manager Joyce Vinson, co-founders Jill Ward and Dolores Alexander, and co-manager Rosemary Gaffney, celebrate the restaurant's 3rd anniversary
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and with her media experience, she became chair of the Monitor Subcommittee of the National Task Force on Image of Women in Mass Media. Upon returning to
183:, she was not hired as a "copy girl" by a male employee because it would "cause a revolution in the newsroom". Upon graduation, she worked as a reporter,
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as a stringer for 10 months, gaining experience in journalism and her first taste of sexism within the news field: while applying for positions at the
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Third Birthday Party Photo, May 19, 1975. Box 15, Dolores Alexander Papers. Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
281:. The idea was that if Friedan and Fox had lesbian experiences, they would be more open to discussing lesbianism in the feminist movement.
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On May 19, 1975, Mother Courage celebrated its third birthday by hosting a champagne buffet with a cake in the shape of the
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In May 1972, Alexander and Jill Ward opened Mother Courage, the first feminist restaurant in the United States in
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was becoming more visible to both its members and to the press. Alexander and other members of NOW recall
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from 1961 to 1964. She then went on to serve as a reporter, copy editor and assistant women's editor at
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once described Mother Courage as "more than a restaurant, this is part of a social movement."
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to provide the services of speakers about the women's movement. She co-founded and organized
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with a Bachelor of Arts in Language and Literature. During her senior year she worked at
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375:. Over 100 guests were invited (many of whom are famous feminists), including
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631:"Collection: Papers of NOW officer Dolores Alexander, 1960-1973 | HOLLIS for"
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620:" (PDF). Voices of Feminism Oral History Project. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
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Alexander heard Brown discussing her plans with Anselma Dell’Olio to seduce
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Alexander continued to lecture about women's rights and worked with the
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496:"Collection: Dolores Alexander papers | Smith College Finding Aids"
563:. Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
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Mass Media and the Shaping of American Feminism, 1963-1975
145:(August 10, 1931 – May 13, 2008) was a journalist and
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best known for her work as Executive Director in the
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Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)
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During this period, the presence of lesbians in the
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665:Papers of NOW officers, 1960–1973: A Finding Aid.
661:from the Voices of Feminism Oral History Project
310:National Association for Repeal of Abortion Laws
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308:. Alexander served as board member for the
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670:, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
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1407:Discrimination against transgender women
559:Mother Courage Press Kit, 1975. Box 15,
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680:, Smith College Special Collections
451:. The Suffolk Times. Archived from
399:Alexander's papers are held in the
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2570:21st-century American LGBTQ people
2560:New York Radical Feminists members
133:Cecelia "Sally" Osckavage (mother)
103:5 ft 10 in (178 cm)
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227:announcing the creation of a new
79:Italian-American, Polish-American
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2001:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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330:Fourth World Conference on Women
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314:New York Newspaper Women's Club
259:National Organization for Women
233:National Organization for Women
151:National Organization for Women
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659:Dolores Alexander oral history
635:hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu
618:Dolores Alexander oral history
573:Wolfe, Linda (March 5, 1973).
526:. Univ. Press of Mississippi.
294:New Feminist Talent Collective
161:Dolores Alexander was born in
1:
447:Lane, Julie (June 27, 2008).
169:. In 1961 she graduated from
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449:"Feminist leader dies at 76"
326:National Women's Conference
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520:Bradley, Patricia (2004).
306:New York Radical Feminists
223:, Alexander came across a
217:In 1966, while working at
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1437:Female genital mutilation
841:Majority-Muslim countries
328:in Houston, and the UN's
302:Women Against Pornography
130:Domenick DeCarlo (father)
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2410:Women's studies journals
2368:Women's rights activists
917:Movements and ideologies
674:Dolores Alexander papers
561:Dolores Alexander Papers
171:City College of New York
1953:International relations
678:Sophia Smith Collection
401:Sophia Smith Collection
235:(NOW). She interviewed
95:Women's rights activist
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1681:Women in the workforce
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1624:Sexual objectification
1584:Opposition to feminism
781:Bicycling and feminism
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296:, which was formed by
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1963:Revisionist mythology
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500:findingaids.smith.edu
395:Later life and legacy
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157:Early life and career
119:Jill Ward (1971-1977)
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1609:Reproductive justice
1559:Matriarchal religion
1412:Diversity (politics)
417:Palm Harbor, Florida
304:and worked with the
68:Palm Harbor, Florida
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1978:Composition studies
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1452:Feminism in culture
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668:Schlesinger Library
409:Schlesinger Library
332:in Beijing in 1995
298:Jacqueline Ceballos
194:Newark Evening News
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1422:Effects on society
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455:on October 3, 2011
413:Harvard University
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322:The New York Times
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2358:Rhetoricians
2348:Philosophers
2240:Saudi Arabia
2036:South Africa
1897:Epistemology
1850:Anthropology
1845:Architecture
1808:Legal theory
1715:Gynocentrism
1654:War on women
1589:Pro-feminism
1544:Gender-blind
1494:Gender quota
1467:Art movement
1259:Dianic Wicca
1138:Sex-positive
1101:Postcolonial
968:Conservative
948:Anti-fascist
638:. Retrieved
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582:. Retrieved
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503:. Retrieved
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457:. Retrieved
453:the original
398:
389:Lucy Komisar
385:Kate Millett
373:venus symbol
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189:bureau chief
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62:(2008-05-13)
60:May 13, 2008
18:
2530:2008 deaths
2525:1931 births
2398:Comic books
2323:Art critics
2245:South Korea
2225:Philippines
2205:New Zealand
2200:Netherlands
1931:Pornography
1919:Metaphysics
1860:Criminology
1855:Archaeology
1828:Film theory
1529:Women's Day
1269:Ecofeminist
1128:Reactionary
1076:Materialist
851:Switzerland
846:New Zealand
765:Fourth-wave
748:Second-wave
381:Audre Lorde
267:Ivy Bottini
185:copy editor
76:Nationality
2484:Categories
2388:Literature
2333:Economists
2053:Bangladesh
1987:By country
1936:Psychology
1892:Empiricism
1887:Aesthetics
1882:Philosophy
1741:Patriarchy
1721:Matriarchy
1525:Girl's Day
1499:Girl power
1472:In hip hop
1395:Literature
1325:Indigenous
1264:Reclaiming
1160:Standpoint
1133:Separatism
1106:Postmodern
1000:Vegetarian
990:Difference
933:Analytical
760:Third-wave
743:First-wave
459:August 13,
423:References
279:Muriel Fox
84:Occupation
41:1931-08-10
2143:Argentina
2103:Indonesia
2093:Hong Kong
2048:Australia
1948:Seriality
1872:Geography
1798:Sociology
1751:Economics
1736:Kyriarchy
1227:Christian
1207:Religious
1148:Socialist
938:Anarchist
883:States of
821:Australia
584:April 15,
2459:Category
2393:American
2265:Thailand
2220:Pakistan
2190:Malaysia
2173:Paraguay
2163:Honduras
2011:Ethiopia
1877:Pedagogy
1803:Rhetoric
1793:Sexology
1786:Womanist
1781:Thealogy
1776:Theology
1574:Misogyny
1442:Femicide
1427:Equality
1376:Concepts
1291:Orthodox
1254:Neopagan
1242:Womanist
1222:Buddhist
1190:Africana
1185:Womanism
1081:Maternal
1071:Lipstick
1037:Activism
1007:Equality
973:Cultural
958:Carceral
893:Virginia
873:Timeline
816:Timeline
753:timeline
738:Timeline
715:Feminism
505:April 1,
407:and the
318:want ads
207:Feminism
108:Movement
2405:Parties
2280:Ukraine
2275:Vietnam
2185:Lebanon
2083:Germany
2073:Finland
2068:Denmark
2043:Albania
2031:Senegal
2026:Nigeria
1941:Therapy
1924:Science
1835:Biology
1352:Mizrahi
1320:Chicana
1281:Islamic
1217:Atheist
1153:Marxist
1123:Radical
1059:Liberal
1054:Lesbian
1032:Hip hop
1012:Eugenic
953:Atheist
926:General
898:Wyoming
731:General
723:History
676:at the
640:May 18,
356:, from
250:Newsday
241:Newsday
220:Newsday
200:Newsday
191:at the
124:Parents
116:Partner
2419:(1967)
2343:Muslim
2338:Jewish
2316:People
2270:Turkey
2260:Taiwan
2250:Sweden
2235:Russia
2230:Poland
2215:Norway
2168:Mexico
2148:Brazil
2123:Israel
2088:Greece
2078:France
2058:Canada
1996:Africa
1902:Ethics
1761:Method
1693:Theory
1604:Racism
1359:Romani
1347:Jewish
1286:Jewish
1232:Mormon
1180:Victim
1143:Social
1116:French
1064:Equity
1027:Global
963:Choice
836:Kuwait
826:Canada
774:Social
530:
100:Height
87:Writer
2469:Index
2376:Other
2353:Poets
2308:Lists
2255:Syria
2195:Nepal
2158:Haiti
2153:Chile
2133:Japan
2128:Italy
2098:India
2063:China
2016:Ghana
2006:Egypt
1564:Media
1364:White
1315:Black
1276:Hindu
1247:Asian
1170:Trans
1165:State
1096:Post-
1049:Labor
978:Cyber
861:Wales
831:Japan
213:2007.
181:Times
2113:Iraq
2108:Iran
2021:Mali
1527:and
1340:Sámi
1298:Sikh
1086:Neo-
888:Utah
642:2020
586:2020
528:ISBN
507:2024
461:2011
277:and
187:and
57:Died
31:Born
1813:Art
1237:New
1091:New
1017:Fat
995:Eco
983:HCI
411:at
403:at
320:in
2486::
633:.
577:.
542:^
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469:^
431:^
419:.
383:,
379:,
707:e
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616:"
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536:.
509:.
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43:)
39:(
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