232:, where at the time black and white children attended different schools. Shockley said in an interview that her school in Clarksdale had very few school supplies and that she learned her science from chemistry sets at home. Motivated by the lack of a drug store to serve the black community in Clarksdale, Shockley decided to pursue a degree in pharmacology during college with the initial idea of starting a pharmacy in her hometown although she later decided to pursue a research career. Shockley attended
44:
252:
Americans," which consisted of a group of students from different ethnicities and races who visited churches and community organizations to talk about how they, too, were
Americans. Regarding her work in this student group, Shockley said, "I believe or hope that we dispelled some of the fallacy of racial, ethnic and religious inferiority."
247:, she was also refused service by several people. About this, Shockley said, "This was extremely hurtful because you never knew when you would be rejected or refused. I went to my room and cried several times. But my zealous commitment to succeed propelled me to work harder to overcome my lack of prior experience." While Shockley was at
316:
During an interview in 1997, Shockley was asked what her biggest accomplishment in science was. She identified her work as an educator and improving the PhD training program at
Meharry, which was serving a predominantly African American student population. Related to her contributions Shockley said,
215:
where she subsequently became the first black woman to chair a
Pharmacology department in the United States in 1988. Her research contributions included studying the effects of chemical pollutants on the brain and identifying pharmacological agents that interact with drugs of abuse such as cocaine.
272:
in
Tennessee as an assistant professor. When Shockley complained that her salary offer was lower than that of the male faculty, her department chair said that as a married woman she did not deserve the same salary; despite these challenges she continued to fight for salary equity. In 1967 Shockley
332:
Many scientific organizations and societies have created awards in
Shockley's honor. In 2010, the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET) established a travel award in her honor for underrepresented students to attend their Annual meeting. In 2009, The Dolores C.
251:
in the 1950s, black students were not allowed to get haircuts at the student center, which prompted
Shockley and other students to petition the president to reverse this policy. In addition, Shockley became an activist in her community by joining a group of diverse students called "The Panel of
281:
in which they shared student seminar series and department retreats. Under
Shockley, the Meharry PhD Program awarded degrees to the majority of black pharmacologists in the country. Shockley served on many national committees including NIH, NSF, NRC, and FDA committees and held office in the
308:
In addition, Shockley researched how calcium blockers affect the neurotoxic and behavioral effects of stimulants, such as cocaine, with the goal of identifying potential pharmacological agent to act as antidote to cocaine toxicity. Her research identified that
276:
During her time as a chairperson, Shockley focused on improving the
Pharmacology PhD program funding and training quality at Meharry. In efforts to expand training opportunities for students at her institution, Shockley started a collaboration with
333:
Shockley
Lectureship and Mentoring Award was inaugurated at the School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, in honor of the collaborative work Shockley did with the department of Pharmacology at Vanderbilt. In 2017, the
283:
349:
Dolores Cooper married Dr. Thomas E. Shockley, a microbiologist. The couple had four children and was married for 43 years until her husband's death in 2001. She died on
October 10, 2020, aged 90, in
273:
became an associate professor at Meharry and in 1988 she became the chair of the Pharmacology Department, making her the first black woman to chair a Pharmacology Department in the United States.
317:"I've tried to reinstate and strongly promote graduate education . About half of all the minority PhD's in pharmacology have come from our program. I think this will be my greatest contribution."
719:
Saunders, Crystal R.; Das, Salil K.; Ramesh, Aramandla; Shockley, Dolores C.; Mukherjee, Shyamali (2006). "Benzo(a)pyrene-induced acute neurotoxicity in the F-344 rat: role of oxidative stress".
929:
Mills, K.; Ansah, T. A.; Ali, S. F.; Shockley, D. C. (1998). "Calcium Channel Antagonist Isradipine Attenuates Cocaine-Induced Motor Activity in Rats: Correlation with Brain Monoamine Levelsa".
770:
Ansah, Twum-Ampofo; Wade, Littleton H; Shockley, Dolores C (November 1, 1996). "Changes in Locomotor Activity, Core Temperature, and Heart Rate in Response to Repeated Cocaine Administration".
293:
of pollutants and one related to identifying pharmacological agents that interact with cocaine with the goal of developing therapies for drug abuse. Shockley studied how pollutants such as
204:(April 21, 1930 – October 10, 2020) was the first black woman to receive a PhD in pharmacology in the United States and one of the first African American students to receive a PhD from
337:
presented the Dolores Shockley Minority Mentoring Award to recognize college members who have successfully mentored young scientists from underrepresented minorities in the field of
1100:
625:
Saunders, Crystal R; Ramesh, Aramandla; Shockley, Dolores C (March 24, 2002). "Modulation of neurotoxic behavior in F-344 rats by temporal disposition of benzo(a)pyrene".
1120:
1105:
878:
Ansah, Twum-Ampofo; Wade, Littleton H.; Kopsombut, Prapaporn; Shockley, Dolores C. (February 1, 2002). "Nifedipine potentiates the toxic effects of cocaine in mice".
1095:
301:
affect the nervous system. Her research showed that these pollutants have neurotoxic and behavioral effects. Furthermore, her research showed that the effects of
823:"Augmented behavioral response and enhanced synaptosomal calcium transport induced by repeated cocaine administration are decreased by calcium channel blockers"
549:
370:
1130:
1115:
1085:
387:
334:
1065:
1125:
1110:
1090:
243:
During graduate school, Shockley experienced racism when trying to rent a room outside campus. In an interview, Shockley reported that while in
988:
668:
Saunders, Crystal R.; Shockley, Dolores C.; Knuckles, Maurice E. (July 2003). "Fluoranthene-Induced Neurobehavioral Toxicity in F-344 Rats".
471:
444:
461:
260:
Shockley became the first black woman to receive a PhD in pharmacology in the United States. After finishing her PhD, she received a
1075:
1070:
1010:
574:
1080:
326:
233:
434:
236:
where she completed a bachelor's degree in pharmacology in 1951. She decided to pursue a graduate degree and attended
491:
209:
436:
Sisters in Science: Conversations with Black Women Scientists about Race, Gender, and Their Passion for Science
228:
Dolores Cooper was born in 1930 in Mississippi. She grew up in a segregated society in the small rural town of
186:
338:
269:
244:
229:
217:
212:
189:
71:
600:
278:
240:
from 1951 to 1955. She became one of the first black students to receive a PhD from the institution.
1032:
1060:
1055:
938:
261:
265:
970:
911:
803:
752:
701:
517:
43:
962:
954:
903:
895:
860:
842:
795:
787:
744:
736:
693:
685:
650:
642:
467:
440:
248:
237:
205:
120:
116:
946:
887:
850:
834:
779:
728:
677:
634:
388:"Dr. Dolores Shockley, first Black woman to get a Ph.D. in pharmacology in US, dies at 90"
305:, which is present in tobacco smoke and grilled meats, are mediated by oxidative stress.
942:
950:
855:
822:
329:
and Purdue University. Shockley received the Lederle Faculty Award from 1963 to 1966.
302:
294:
891:
783:
638:
1049:
821:
Mills, K.; Ansah, T. A.; Ali, S. F.; Mukherjee, S.; Shockley, D. C. (July 26, 2007).
313:, a calcium channel antagonist, decreased the behavioral effects of cocaine in rats.
290:
130:
974:
915:
807:
756:
705:
298:
176:
172:
17:
550:"Dr. Delores Cooper Shockley - Minority Engineering Program - Purdue University"
268:
from 1955 to 1957. When Shockley returned to the U.S., she was offered a job at
75:
838:
310:
958:
899:
846:
791:
740:
689:
646:
350:
97:
93:
966:
907:
864:
748:
697:
681:
654:
799:
732:
371:"Dr. Dolores Cooper Shockley Obituary (1930 - 2020) the Tennessean"
991:. American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
518:"Dolores Shockley: In Her Own Words | Purdue College of Pharmacy"
264:
and worked with Dr. Knud Moller at the Pharmacology Institute in
284:
American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
880:
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
133:, first black woman to receive PhD in Pharmacology in the U.S.
216:
She was a distinguished scholar and emeritus professor at
289:
Shockley had two main lines of research, one related to
208:. After obtaining her PhD she became faculty at the
182:
168:
153:
145:
137:
126:
112:
104:
82:
53:
34:
8:
1101:Purdue University College of Pharmacy alumni
382:
380:
335:American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
931:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
42:
31:
854:
439:. Purdue University Press. p. 191.
1121:21st-century African-American academics
1106:20th-century African-American academics
362:
1013:. Vanderbilt University. July 30, 2018
325:Shockley is a distinguished alumni of
1096:Xavier University of Louisiana alumni
428:
7:
544:
542:
540:
538:
512:
510:
508:
485:
483:
466:. Infobase Publishing. p. 663.
426:
424:
422:
420:
418:
416:
414:
412:
410:
408:
1131:21st-century African-American women
1116:20th-century African-American women
1086:People from Clarksdale, Mississippi
989:"Dolores C. Shockley Poster Awards"
670:International Journal of Toxicology
27:American pharmacologist (1930–2020)
1033:"Dolores Shockley Mentoring Award"
1011:"Dolores C. Shockley Lecture 2018"
951:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08235.x
575:"Dolores C. Shockley Lecture 2018"
492:"Dolores Cooper Shockley (1930- )"
141:Dr. Thomas E. Shockley (his death)
25:
1066:African-American women academics
463:Encyclopedia of World Scientists
1126:21st-century American academics
1111:20th-century American academics
1091:Meharry Medical College faculty
327:Xavier University of Louisiana
234:Xavier University of Louisiana
1:
892:10.1016/S0278-5846(01)00281-0
784:10.1016/S0031-9384(96)00250-8
721:Journal of Applied Toxicology
639:10.1016/S0378-4274(01)00467-2
490:Diaz, Sara (March 3, 2007).
460:Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2007).
1147:
839:10.1016/j.lfs.2007.06.028
772:Physiology & Behavior
476:– via Google Books.
449:– via Google Books.
210:historically black school
195:
161:
41:
1076:American pharmacologists
1071:American women academics
224:Early life and education
187:University of Copenhagen
605:Meharry Medical College
522:www.pharmacy.purdue.edu
339:neuropsychopharmacology
270:Meharry Medical College
245:West Lafayette, Indiana
230:Clarksdale, Mississippi
218:Meharry Medical College
213:Meharry Medical College
202:Dr. Dolores C. Shockley
190:Meharry Medical College
36:Dolores Cooper Shockley
682:10.1080/10915810305114
433:Jordan, Diann (2006).
1081:Women pharmacologists
579:Vanderbilt University
279:Vanderbilt University
157:Lederle Faculty Award
262:Fulbright Fellowship
943:1998NYASA.844..201M
266:Copenhagen, Denmark
256:Career and research
18:Dolores C. Shockley
627:Toxicology Letters
473:978-1-4381-1882-6
446:978-1-55753-445-3
321:Awards and honors
249:Purdue University
238:Purdue University
206:Purdue University
199:
198:
163:Scientific career
121:Purdue University
117:Xavier University
16:(Redirected from
1138:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
985:
979:
978:
926:
920:
919:
875:
869:
868:
858:
818:
812:
811:
778:(5): 1261–1267.
767:
761:
760:
733:10.1002/jat.1157
716:
710:
709:
665:
659:
658:
622:
616:
615:
613:
611:
597:
591:
590:
588:
586:
571:
565:
564:
562:
560:
546:
533:
532:
530:
528:
514:
503:
502:
500:
498:
487:
478:
477:
457:
451:
450:
430:
403:
402:
400:
398:
384:
375:
374:
367:
89:
86:October 10, 2020
67:
65:
48:Shockley in 2009
46:
32:
21:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1004:
994:
992:
987:
986:
982:
928:
927:
923:
877:
876:
872:
820:
819:
815:
769:
768:
764:
718:
717:
713:
667:
666:
662:
624:
623:
619:
609:
607:
599:
598:
594:
584:
582:
581:. July 30, 2018
573:
572:
568:
558:
556:
548:
547:
536:
526:
524:
516:
515:
506:
496:
494:
489:
488:
481:
474:
459:
458:
454:
447:
432:
431:
406:
396:
394:
386:
385:
378:
369:
368:
364:
359:
347:
323:
258:
226:
119:
113:Alma mater
100:
91:
87:
78:
69:
63:
61:
60:
59:
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1144:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1024:
1002:
980:
937:(1): 201–207.
921:
886:(2): 357–362.
870:
833:(7): 600–608.
813:
762:
727:(5): 427–438.
711:
676:(4): 263–276.
660:
617:
601:"Pharmacology"
592:
566:
554:www.purdue.edu
534:
504:
479:
472:
452:
445:
404:
376:
361:
360:
358:
355:
346:
343:
322:
319:
303:benzo(a)pyrene
295:benzo(a)pyrene
257:
254:
225:
222:
197:
196:
193:
192:
184:
180:
179:
170:
166:
165:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
128:
127:Known for
124:
123:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
92:
90:(aged 90)
84:
80:
79:
70:
68:April 21, 1930
58:Dolores Cooper
57:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1143:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1012:
1006:
1003:
990:
984:
981:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
925:
922:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
874:
871:
866:
862:
857:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
827:Life Sciences
824:
817:
814:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
766:
763:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
715:
712:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
664:
661:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
621:
618:
606:
602:
596:
593:
580:
576:
570:
567:
555:
551:
545:
543:
541:
539:
535:
523:
519:
513:
511:
509:
505:
493:
486:
484:
480:
475:
469:
465:
464:
456:
453:
448:
442:
438:
437:
429:
427:
425:
423:
421:
419:
417:
415:
413:
411:
409:
405:
393:
389:
383:
381:
377:
372:
366:
363:
356:
354:
352:
345:Personal life
344:
342:
340:
336:
330:
328:
320:
318:
314:
312:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:neurotoxicity
287:
285:
280:
274:
271:
267:
263:
255:
253:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
223:
221:
219:
214:
211:
207:
203:
194:
191:
188:
185:
181:
178:
174:
171:
167:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
131:Neurotoxicity
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
85:
81:
77:
73:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
1027:
1015:. Retrieved
1005:
993:. Retrieved
983:
934:
930:
924:
883:
879:
873:
830:
826:
816:
775:
771:
765:
724:
720:
714:
673:
669:
663:
633:(1): 33–45.
630:
626:
620:
608:. Retrieved
604:
595:
583:. Retrieved
578:
569:
557:. Retrieved
553:
525:. Retrieved
521:
495:. Retrieved
462:
455:
435:
395:. Retrieved
391:
365:
348:
331:
324:
315:
307:
299:fluoranthene
288:
275:
259:
242:
227:
201:
200:
183:Institutions
177:Neuroscience
173:Pharmacology
162:
88:(2020-10-10)
29:
1061:2020 deaths
1056:1930 births
397:October 15,
105:Nationality
76:Mississippi
1050:Categories
392:Tennessean
357:References
311:Isradipine
72:Clarksdale
64:1930-04-21
959:1749-6632
900:0278-5846
847:0024-3205
792:0031-9384
741:1099-1263
690:1091-5818
647:0378-4274
351:Nashville
286:(ASPET).
98:Tennessee
94:Nashville
1017:March 8,
995:March 7,
975:25976691
967:29090812
916:42944469
908:11817514
865:17689567
808:22710775
757:41350533
749:16858674
706:44876711
698:12933321
655:11879972
610:March 8,
585:March 8,
559:March 8,
527:March 7,
497:March 7,
146:Children
108:American
939:Bibcode
856:2765982
800:8916180
973:
965:
957:
914:
906:
898:
863:
853:
845:
806:
798:
790:
755:
747:
739:
704:
696:
688:
653:
645:
470:
443:
169:Fields
154:Awards
138:Spouse
1036:(PDF)
971:S2CID
912:S2CID
804:S2CID
753:S2CID
702:S2CID
1019:2020
997:2020
963:PMID
955:ISSN
904:PMID
896:ISSN
861:PMID
843:ISSN
796:PMID
788:ISSN
745:PMID
737:ISSN
694:PMID
686:ISSN
651:PMID
643:ISSN
612:2020
587:2020
561:2020
529:2020
499:2020
468:ISBN
441:ISBN
399:2020
297:and
175:and
83:Died
54:Born
947:doi
935:844
888:doi
851:PMC
835:doi
780:doi
729:doi
678:doi
635:doi
631:129
220:.
1052::
969:.
961:.
953:.
945:.
933:.
910:.
902:.
894:.
884:26
882:.
859:.
849:.
841:.
831:81
829:.
825:.
802:.
794:.
786:.
776:60
774:.
751:.
743:.
735:.
725:26
723:.
700:.
692:.
684:.
674:22
672:.
649:.
641:.
629:.
603:.
577:.
552:.
537:^
520:.
507:^
482:^
407:^
390:.
379:^
353:.
341:.
96:,
74:,
1038:.
1021:.
999:.
977:.
949::
941::
918:.
890::
867:.
837::
810:.
782::
759:.
731::
708:.
680::
657:.
637::
614:.
589:.
563:.
531:.
501:.
401:.
373:.
149:4
66:)
62:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
