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recently has become the weak integration of this local language within families with mixed marriages. Instead of speaking either of the parents' local languages, the family incorporates
Russian as the more dominant language to ease interfamilial and external communication. This results in children learning the language only slightly or as a second language. Over generations, the language continues to fade. In 1999, however, some children were apparently learning Dolgan, with Russian also being learned at an early age.
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312:(also known as Yakut), which has led researchers for a long time to account for it as a variety of the latter, cf. Dolgich's (1963: 129) statement in his well-known paper on the origin of the Dolgans: " ... долганский язык является диалектом якутского языка." ‘ the Dolgan language is a dialect of the Yakut language.’. Only in 1985 did
271:
The language is very local and restricted to a certain area and has declined in usage over the years. As of 2010 there are only about 1,050 speakers of the language. The language has expressed a few changes since the beginning of its formation, such as alphabet and phrasing terms. The issue as of
1149:А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Дь дь, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Иэ иэ, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, Ӈ ӈ, Нь нь, О о, Ө ө, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Уо уо, Ү ү, Үө үө, Ф ф, Х х, Һ һ, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ыа ыа, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я
1844:
compiled by Chris Lasse Däbritz, Nina
Kudryakova, Eugénie Stapert and Alexandre Arkhipov. Audio recordings of narrative texts with transcriptions time-aligned at the phone level, translations, and time-aligned morphological
1146:
Over time, the language itself has changed and adapted. Even during the time period when it had a
Cyrillic alphabet, it changed over the years. The first version of alphabet of the language had the following appearance:
264:. The word "Dolgan" means 'tribe living on the middle reaches of the river'. This is most likely signifying the geographical location of the Dolgan tribe. Its closest relative is
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Certain words in the language were developed from geographical implications that have been present since the start of the Dolgan language. For instance, the directional terms
3255:
3199:
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1870:
1722:
Pakendorf, Brigitte; Stapert, Eugénie (2020). "Sakha and Dolgan, the North
Siberian Turkic Languages". In Robbeets, Martine; Savalyev, Alexander (eds.).
471:'s influence on Dolgan can explain, in part, why it is considered a separate language from Yakut. Dolgan has made appearances in newspapers, such as the
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578:, and joint case serves to structure two similar parts of a sentence. Another notable difference from Sakha is that Dolgan does not have
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475:, as well as schools starting around the time of the 60s. However, now there are only around 1,050 speakers of the Dolgan language.
1790:
Cultural and
Linguistic Minorities in the Russian Federation and the European Union: Comparative Studies on Equality and Diversity.
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In Russia, the
Cyrillic alphabet is officially supported. For other, non-Cyrillic alphabets, separate federal laws are required.
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The
International Migration Review: The Impact of Migration on Language Maintenance and Language Shift, 5(2),
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account for Dolgan as a separate language, namely in her monograph on the language of the
Norilsk Dolgans.
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Grachyova, Galina. (1990). Dolgan. In Collis, Dirmid R. F. (ed.), Arctic
Languages: An Awakening, 112-114.
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1763:"Considerations on the system and the origins of the terms for cardinal points in the Dolgan language"
1623:"Considerations on the System and the Origins of Terms for the Cardinal Points in the Dolgan Language"
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However, this is not true for all directional terms, nor all words of the Dolgan language. Southwest,
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Transition of the initial
Turkish c- into h- , loss of the uvular x, ҕ: Yakut ;
293:
1411:; Stapert, Eugénie (2020). "Sakha and Dolgan, the North Siberian Turkic languages".
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was implemented instead since it is the same alphabet used by the related language,
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Change in the meaning of words under the influence of the Turkish semantic system.
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is related to the word stone, and the southeast topography of the native region,
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Li, Yong-Sŏng. (2011). A study of Dolgan. (Altaic language series, 05.) Seoul:
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1572:"Dolgan facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Dolgan"
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denotes "sea" where the western zone of Taymyr has access to the sea shore.
179:
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All dialects are understood among each other, despite subtle differences.
170:
587:
431:
1781:
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1360:
1095: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
486:(1. north 2. west) are representative of the corresponding landscapes.
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261:
78:
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1678:
Dolgikh, B. O. (1963). Proiskhozhdenie Dolgan (Origin of the Dolgan).
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The current Dolgan alphabet is still Cyrillic and looks as follows:
308:. Dolgan is linguistically relatively close to its nearest relative
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513:, have no significance in geographical terms relative to Taymyr.
1797:
Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia.
2716:
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Retrieved from https://www.eki.ee/books/ redbook/dolgans.shtml.
1788:
Marten, H.F., Rießler, M., Saarikivi, J., Toivanen, R. (2015).
1064:
1690:
Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization.
1704:
Lewis, E. Glyn. (1971). Migration and Language in the USSR.
526:
The composition of morphological categories in the noun is:
1675:
Retrieved from http://www.omniglot.com/writing/ dolgan.htm.
1700:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 20, 24.
1307:
I love you: Мин энигин таптыыбын (таптыыбын, shared by
1658:. — Красноярск: Красноярское кн. изд-во, 1990. — 16 с.
447:
is also understood among all since it is so similar.
292:
family. Like most other Turkic languages, Dolgan has
229:
Dolgan is classified as Definitely Endangered by the
1131:
Lack of modern political and scientific terminology.
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Labial and palatal vowel harmony in the native words
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Dolgan is established as a dominant language in the
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1970:
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1688:Grenoble, Lenore A. and Lindsay J. Whaley. (2006).
1597:"The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire"
1031:Dolgan has the following phonetic characteristics:
590:of Dolgan inclination were preserved with the word
193:
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84:
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582:. In conjugation of a verb in the common form of -
1540:"Endangered languages in Northeast Asia: report"
1724:The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages
1413:The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages
1137:Extensive borrowing from the Russian language.
2728:
1864:
1473:"Dolgan language, pronunciation and language"
1448:"Dolgan language, pronunciation and language"
1415:. Oxford University Press. pp. 430–445.
8:
1726:. Oxford University Press. pp. 430–45.
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1946:
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459:in the early 20th century. Over time, the
221:
206:
20:
1111:Learn how and when to remove this message
455:The Dolgan language started out having a
1499:"Migration and Language in the U.S.S.R."
1156:
749:
606:
234:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
1822:Dolganischer Wortschatz. Supplementband
1372:
320:Sample comparison with Yakut (in Latin)
3200:Knowledge (XXG) in languages of Russia
1799:(63-67). Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC.
1692:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
280:Dolgan, along with its close relative
1378:
1376:
137:
7:
1802:Vahtre, Lauri. (1991). The Dolgans.
1795:Minahan, James B. (2014). Dolgan in
1442:
1440:
1093:adding citations to reliable sources
1753:. Krakow: Uniwersytet Jagielloński.
1621:Stachowski, Marek (November 2010).
1042:medium vowels in the root syllable
67:Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District
2698:Languages between parentheses are
1732:10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0027
1548:. 11 February 2019. Archived from
1506:The International Migration Review
1421:10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0027
215:(blue) and Dolgan Language (green)
144:Western Dialect (Norilsk, Yenisey)
14:
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907:
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558:. Dolgan language exhibits eight
369:"Tugunan sir bar(ı)ta sabılınna?"
345:"Tuogunan hir barıta habıllınna?"
252:with 930 speakers, spoken in the
3205:Mass media by language of Russia
1393:
1345:
1331:
1069:
323:
260:. The speakers are known as the
1682:, Etnografii AN SSSR 84:92-141.
1080:needs additional citations for
2998:Languages with official status
2702:of the language on their left.
1716:Seoul National University Pres
1:
3256:Subject–object–verb languages
1671:Ager, Simon. (2011). Dolgan.
380:"(I am) studying at school."
376:Literal English translation:
1311:, is a loan from Mongolian)
386:"What covered the ground?"
382:"(I) speak Yakut (Dolgan)."
3279:
1761:Stachowski, Marek (2010).
1749:Stachowski, Marek (1993).
1317:Day after tomorrow: Өйүүн
570:is used in the possessive
150:Eastern Dialect (Khatanga)
3251:Siberian Turkic languages
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2684:
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941:
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395:Geographical distribution
248:is a severely endangered
220:
205:
28:
416:Three Dolgan subgroups:
298:agglutinative morphology
90:1,100 (2010 census)
16:Northern Turkic language
3236:Taymyr Autonomous Okrug
3231:Agglutinative languages
2628:Disputed classification
1829:Dolganische Wortbildung
1818:Dolganischer Wortschatz
1751:Dolganischer Wortschatz
1696:Johanson, Lars (2021).
1497:Lewis, E. Glyn (1971).
1314:Birthday: Төрөөбүт күн
482:(1. south 2. east) and
337:"Dulğanlıı kepsetebin."
1792:Switzerland: Springer.
1643:Androsova, 1997, p.236
1545:University of Helsinki
1294:Hello: Дорообо (from
538:, and in the verb is:
357:"Oskuolaga üörenebin."
333:"Uskuolaga üörenebin."
304:word order, and lacks
147:Central Dialect (Avam)
2387:Old Anatolian Turkish
562:. In contrast in the
361:"Saxalıı kepsetebin."
1842:Dolgan DoReCo corpus
1770:Incontri Linguistici
1627:Incontri Linguistici
1576:www.encyclopedia.com
1089:improve this article
494:, is covered by the
3246:Languages of Russia
3195:Languages of Russia
2769:of federal subjects
2744:Languages of Russia
2316:Chaharmahali Turkic
1552:on 11 February 2019
1409:Pakendorf, Brigitte
314:Elizaveta Ubryatova
302:subject-object-verb
566:(i.e. Yakut), the
496:Putorana Mountains
412:Dialects/Varieties
306:grammatical gender
3213:
3212:
3181:
3136:Southern Yukaghir
3129:Northern Yukaghir
2806:
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2710:
2709:
2694:extinct languages
2598:
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2352:South Azerbaijani
2347:North Azerbaijani
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1820:, Kraków 1993 (+
1741:978-0-19-880462-8
1430:978-0-19-880462-8
1391:(25th ed., 2022)
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560:grammatical cases
509:, and northeast,
461:Cyrillic alphabet
392:
391:
288:subbranch of the
284:, belongs to the
242:
241:
120:Northern Siberian
3268:
3241:Krasnoyarsk Krai
3226:Turkic languages
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3170:Mongolian script
3160:Cyrillic Braille
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1827:Stachowski, M.:
1816:Stachowski, M.:
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1656:Бэсэлээ буквалар
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62:Krasnoyarsk Krai
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3053:Southern Khanty
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3046:Northern Khanty
3044:
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2867:Karachay-Balkar
2768:
2767:State languages
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1824:, Kraków 1998).
1813:
1811:Further reading
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1680:Trudy Instituta
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1301:Mountain: Кайа
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580:comitative case
576:accusative case
574:to address the
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246:Dolgan language
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116:Siberian Turkic
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98:Language family
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86:Native speakers
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3110:
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3103:
3100:Southern Mansi
3096:
3089:
3082:
3079:Northern Mansi
3070:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:Eastern Khanty
3056:
3049:
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3022:
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2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:Southern Altai
2800:
2797:Northern Altai
2788:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:
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2739:
2732:
2725:
2717:
2708:
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2696:
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2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2639:
2631:
2629:
2625:
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2614:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2599:
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2592:
2591:
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2587:
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2584:
2577:
2569:
2567:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2526:Northern Altai
2523:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
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2399:
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2397:
2390:
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2361:
2354:
2349:
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2336:
2332:
2331:
2329:
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2323:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2270:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2240:Siberian Tatar
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2220:Dobrujan Tatar
2216:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2194:Siberian Tatar
2191:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2177:Southern Altai
2174:
2169:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2143:Mamluk-Kipchak
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2112:
2107:
2104:Armeno-Kipchak
2099:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2075:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1962:Southern Uzbek
1959:
1957:Northern Uzbek
1953:
1951:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1892:
1890:
1888:Proto-language
1884:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1837:
1836:External links
1834:
1833:
1832:
1831:, Kraków 1997.
1825:
1812:
1809:
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1676:
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1664:
1661:
1660:
1653:Аксенова О. Е.
1645:
1636:
1613:
1588:
1563:
1531:
1512:(2): 147–179.
1489:
1464:
1436:
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1164:
1161:
1143:
1142:Writing system
1140:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:Yakut Language
1119:
1118:
1077:
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797:
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773:
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758:
753:
747:
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741:
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728:
726:
720:
719:
707:
695:
683:
677:
676:
664:
651:
639:
627:
621:
620:
615:
610:
604:
601:
599:
596:
564:Sakha language
523:
520:
518:
515:
457:Latin alphabet
452:
449:
441:
440:
434:
428:
413:
410:
401:
398:
396:
393:
390:
389:
378:
373:
354:
349:
330:
321:
318:
286:North Siberian
277:
276:Classification
274:
240:
239:
227:
226:
218:
217:
213:Yakut Language
211:
203:
202:
197:
191:
190:
183:
175:
174:
167:
159:
158:
157:Language codes
154:
153:
152:
151:
148:
145:
140:
136:
135:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
104:
102:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
70:
69:
59:
55:
54:
49:
48:Native to
45:
44:
42:
38:
37:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3274:
3273:
3262:
3259:
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3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
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3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3180:
3179:Kalmyk script
3176:
3175:Buryat script
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3093:Eastern Mansi
3090:
3087:
3086:Western Mansi
3083:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
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3038:
3036:
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3018:
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2975:
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2865:
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2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2842:Crimean Tatar
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2794:
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2789:
2787:
2784:
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2755:
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2701:
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2626:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2583:
2582:
2581:Orkhon Turkic
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2553:Western Yugur
2551:
2549:
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2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
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2507:
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2369:
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2366:Balkan Gagauz
2364:
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2348:
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2200:
2197:
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2185:
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2178:
2175:
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2167:
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2147:
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2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2110:Crimean Tatar
2108:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
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2035:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1948:
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1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1908:Common Turkic
1905:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1862:
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1840:
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1826:
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1805:
1804:The Red Book.
1801:
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1373:
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1348:
1343:
1340:
1339:Russia portal
1329:
1324:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1304:Mother: Иньэ
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1177:
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1136:
1133:
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1127:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1112:
1104:
1101:November 2018
1094:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1078:This section
1076:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1033:
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1023:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1003:
999:
996:
994:
992:
989:
985:
983:
981:
977:
974:
971:
967:
964:
960:
957:
953:
950:
946:
944:
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937:
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932:
928:
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910:
906:
904:
902:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
880:
876:
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871:
867:
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863:
859:
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853:
849:
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842:
839:
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832:
828:
823:
822:
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812:
809:
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798:
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780:
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745:
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712:
705:
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688:
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679:
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669:
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557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
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533:
529:
521:
516:
514:
512:
508:
503:
501:
498:. Similarly,
497:
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458:
450:
448:
446:
439:
435:
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353:
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347:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
326:
325:
319:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:vowel harmony
291:
287:
283:
282:Sakha (Yakut)
275:
273:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
235:
232:
224:
219:
214:
209:
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198:
196:
192:
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149:
146:
143:
142:
141:
125:
122:
121:
119:
118:
117:
114:
113:
112:
111:Common Turkic
109:
108:
107:
103:
99:
93:
89:
83:
80:
77:
73:
68:
65:
64:
63:
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
43:
41:Pronunciation
39:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3165:Latin script
3068:Komi-Permyak
3009:
2689:
2642:
2635:
2617:
2580:
2573:
2562:
2425:
2393:
2386:
2357:
2244:Tobol-Irtysh
2165:
2142:
2115:
2103:
2083:
2078:Mishar Tatar
2032:
2025:
2018:
2009:
1925:
1897:Proto-Turkic
1896:
1845:annotations.
1828:
1821:
1817:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1773:
1769:
1750:
1723:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1689:
1679:
1672:
1666:Bibliography
1652:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1600:
1591:
1579:. Retrieved
1575:
1566:
1554:. Retrieved
1550:the original
1543:
1534:
1509:
1505:
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:
1467:
1455:. Retrieved
1451:
1412:
1403:
1386:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1107:
1098:
1087:Please help
1082:verification
1079:
1053:
1049:
1030:
1028:
591:
583:
525:
510:
506:
504:
499:
487:
483:
479:
477:
472:
454:
442:
415:
403:
379:
375:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:
351:
344:
340:
336:
332:
331:
327:
279:
270:
245:
243:
178:
123:
34:
30:
18:
2954:Yakut/Sakha
2817:Azerbaijani
2516:Fuyu Kyrgyz
2358:Ajem-Turkic
2342:Azerbaijani
1776:: 233–242.
1756:(in German)
1606:10 February
1002:Approximant
3220:Categories
2574:Old Uyghur
2376:Karapapakh
2225:Karakalpak
2033:Karakhanid
2026:Khorezmian
1633:: 233–244.
1601:www.eki.ee
1457:2 February
1388:Ethnologue
1367:References
1061:Vocabulary
746:Consonants
572:declension
536:possession
522:Morphology
436:Eastern –
430:Central –
420:Western –
2989:Ukrainian
2959:Tabasaran
2857:Kabardian
2700:varieties
2692:indicate
2676:Qoqmončaq
2084:Old Tatar
1995:Ili Turki
1673:Omniglot.
1128:was lost.
1052:~ Dolgan
899:voiceless
894:Affricate
862:Fricative
788:voiceless
598:Phonology
588:paradigms
568:partitive
180:Glottolog
164:ISO 639-3
75:Ethnicity
3155:Cyrillic
3123:Yukaghir
3030:Karelian
2944:Ossetian
2643:Pecheneg
2440:Southern
2419:Northern
2411:Siberian
2304:Southern
2293:Trukhmen
2187:Telengit
2132:Krymchak
2073:Nagaibak
2019:Chagatai
1581:24 April
1325:See also
1320:Dog: Ыт
1298:Здорово)
1289:Examples
756:Bilabial
550:, time,
438:Khatanga
187:dolg1241
139:Dialects
33:, Һака,
29:Дулҕан,
3261:Dolgans
3148:Scripts
3025:Finnish
3005:Chukchi
2974:Tsakhur
2918:Mordvin
2837:Chuvash
2832:Chechen
2822:Bashkir
2758:Russian
2690:Italics
2658:pidgins
2654:Creoles
2612:Chuvash
2536:Chelkan
2531:Kumandy
2509:Yenisei
2381:Turkish
2335:Western
2326:Sonqori
2321:Qashqai
2311:Afshari
2288:Turkmen
2276:Eastern
2063:Bashkir
2048:Kipchak
1971:Eastern
1950:Western
1782:3002797
1708:147-179
1556:31 July
1526:3002797
1482:6 March
1361:Dolgans
1296:Russian
1040:Turkish
1038:of the
783:Plosive
776:Glottal
766:Palatal
517:Grammar
451:History
426:Norilsk
422:Yenisey
328:Dolgan:
262:Dolgans
79:Dolgans
3113:Selkup
3108:Nenets
3040:Khanty
3035:Kazakh
3020:Evenki
3010:Dolgan
2984:Udmurt
2931:Moksha
2910:Meadow
2892:Lezgin
2872:Khakas
2862:Kalmyk
2852:Ingush
2847:Dargwa
2827:Buryat
2781:Adyghe
2671:Kurbet
2666:Hezhou
2636:Khazar
2618:Bulgar
2521:Khakas
2486:Dukhan
2463:Steppe
2447:Chulym
2426:Dolgan
2371:Gagauz
2230:Kazakh
2199:Baraba
2182:Teleut
2172:Kyrgyz
2158:Kyrgyz
2127:Karaim
2056:Bulgar
1983:Khoton
1978:Uyghur
1942:Karluk
1932:Khalaj
1780:
1738:
1698:Turkic
1524:
1427:
1383:Dolgan
1056:(self)
980:Liquid
921:voiced
825:voiced
761:Dental
603:Vowels
586:, the
556:number
552:person
544:aspect
532:number
511:allara
473:Taymyr
469:Evenki
400:Status
384:"Snow"
352:Yakut:
258:Russia
231:UNESCO
200:Dolgan
124:Dolgan
106:Turkic
58:Region
52:Russia
31:Dulğan
24:Dolgan
3073:Mansi
2979:Tuvan
2969:Tatar
2949:Rutul
2939:Nogai
2924:Erzya
2882:Kumyk
2791:Altai
2786:Aghul
2776:Abaza
2604:Oghur
2496:Soyot
2479:Taiga
2470:Tuvan
2456:Sayan
2431:Yakut
2267:Salar
2259:Oghuz
2235:Nogai
2213:Nogai
2137:Kumyk
2116:Cuman
2096:Cuman
2068:Tatar
1778:JSTOR
1766:(PDF)
1522:JSTOR
1502:(PDF)
1309:Sakha
943:Nasal
771:Velar
625:Close
613:Front
584:ааччы
540:voice
500:muora
484:muora
465:Yakut
445:Yakut
365:"Xâr"
341:"Kâr"
310:Sakha
266:Sakha
3118:Veps
3015:Even
2903:Hill
2897:Mari
2877:Komi
2812:Avar
2656:and
2548:Shor
2541:Tuba
2491:Tofa
2149:Urum
2000:Äynu
1926:Argu
1917:Argu
1736:ISBN
1608:2017
1583:2017
1558:2024
1484:2017
1459:2017
1425:ISBN
1276:Я я
1273:Ю ю
1270:Э э
1267:Ь ь
1264:Ы ы
1259:Ъ ъ
1256:Щ щ
1253:Ш ш
1250:Ч ч
1247:Ц ц
1244:Х х
1241:Ф ф
1238:Ү ү
1233:У у
1230:Т т
1227:С с
1224:Р р
1221:П п
1218:Ө ө
1215:О о
1212:Ӈ ӈ
1207:Н н
1204:М м
1201:Л л
1198:Һ һ
1195:К к
1192:Й й
1189:И и
1186:З з
1181:Ж ж
1178:Ё ё
1175:Е е
1172:Д д
1169:Г г
1166:В в
1163:Б б
1160:А а
1054:hака
1050:саха
724:Open
618:Back
592:баар
554:and
548:mode
528:case
432:Avam
244:The
35:Haka
2964:Tat
2887:Lak
2564:Old
2203:Tom
2010:Old
1988:Lop
1728:doi
1514:doi
1417:doi
1385:at
1091:by
681:Mid
507:uhä
488:Tās
480:tās
256:in
195:ELP
171:dlg
3222::
3177:,
1774:33
1772:.
1768:.
1734:.
1718:s.
1710:.
1631:33
1629:.
1625:.
1599:.
1574:.
1542:.
1520:.
1508:.
1504:.
1475:.
1450:.
1439:^
1423:.
1375:^
1151:.
931:dʒ
909:tʃ
737:aː
716:oː
704:øː
692:eː
673:uː
648:yː
636:iː
594:.
546:,
542:,
534:,
530:,
467:.
424:,
408:.
300:,
296:,
268:.
3182:)
3172:(
2736:e
2729:t
2722:v
1872:e
1865:t
1858:v
1784:.
1744:.
1730::
1610:.
1585:.
1560:.
1528:.
1516::
1510:5
1486:.
1461:.
1433:.
1419::
1114:)
1108:(
1103:)
1099:(
1085:.
1017:j
1010:l
988:r
970:ŋ
963:ɲ
956:n
949:m
886:h
879:ɣ
870:s
852:ɡ
845:ɟ
838:d
831:b
815:k
808:c
801:t
794:p
732:a
711:o
699:ø
687:e
668:u
663:ː
660:ɯ
655:ɯ
643:y
631:i
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