575:
1151:
881:
654:. In Berlin, he began to garner dislike for some of his professors, as academia there was substantially influenced by liberalism and socialism. In his studies, he devoted himself to the Christian principles of economics. In Germany, he became a member of the Federation of German Peasants' Union and of the Preussenkasse – essentially, a central bank for member-cooperatives, where he gained practical experience. In Germany, he met his future wife
3108:
3410:
1774:
1904:
49:
924:
670:
Agriculture and the
Agricultural Labourers' Insurance Institute; in organising the new Agrarian policy of Lower Austria and in laying the foundations for the corporative organisation of agriculture. A few years later, he was representative of Austria at the International Agrarian Congress, where his proposals made him internationally known in that sphere. He was seen as an unofficial leader of the Austrian peasantry.
1983:, a large contingent of northern German Nazis tried to seize power but were subdued by the Italian units nearby. At first Hitler was jubilant, but the Italian reaction surprised him. Hitler became convinced that he could not face a conflict with the Western European powers, and he officially denied liability, stating his regret for the murder of the Austrian Chancellor. He replaced the ambassador to Vienna with
1786:
1042:
775:
958:, resigned to be able to cast a vote as a parliament member. As a consequence, the two vice presidents, belonging to other parties, resigned as well in order to be able to vote. Without a president, the parliament could not conclude the session. Dollfuss took the three resignations as a pretext to declare that the National Council had become unworkable, and advised
1925:. During mass trials which took place after the coup, Hudl was sentenced to life in prison, while the others were sentenced to death for their involvement. Planetta and Holzweber were hanged on 31 July 1934, Feike was hanged on 7 August 1934, and Leeb, Hackl, Maitzen, and Wohlraab were hanged on 13 August 1934. Hudl was released under an amnesty in 1938.
1078:'s regime issued a guarantee of Austrian independence. Dollfuss also exchanged "Secret Letters" with Mussolini about ways to guarantee Austrian independence. Mussolini had an interest in Austria forming a buffer zone against Nazi Germany. Dollfuss always stressed the similarity of the régimes of Hitler in Germany and
700:, also a member of the Christian-Social Party. Dollfuss refused to reply, instead spending the night in his favourite church praying, returning in the morning for a bath and a spartan meal before replying to the President that he would accept the offer. Dollfuss was sworn in on 20 May 1932 as head of a
1963:
Mussolini also mobilised a part of the
Italian army on the Austrian border and threatened Hitler with war in the event of a German invasion of Austria to thwart the putsch. Then he announced to the world: "The independence of Austria, for which he has fallen, is a principle that has been defended and
645:
After the war, he was still a student and was employed by the Lower
Austrian Peasants' Union, which helped him to secure his material existence, and it was here where Dollfuss gained his first political experience. There, he organised peasants to help them recover from the war, as well as shield them
1848:
was greatly outnumbered by the police and army, which used artillery against the insurgents. In addition, the general strike which had been called to support the uprising failed to materialize. The result was the collapse of the rebellion by 15 February, with the deaths of about 350 persons, roughly
968:
On March 7, Dolfuss announced his government had assumed emergency powers based on the "Wartime
Economy Authority Law," which had been passed in 1917. From that point onwards, he governed by emergency decree, effectively seizing dictatorial powers. When the National Council wanted to reconvene on 15
623:
where the recruiting commission for his district was located and insisted to be recruited, and, even though he did not meet the minimum height standards, he was accepted. As a volunteer, he had a right to choose a regiment in which he would serve, and
Dollfuss opted for the Tyrolese militia also
669:
After returning to Vienna, he was a secretary of the Lower
Austrian Peasants' Union. He devoted his efforts to consolidate that industry. Dollfuss was instrumental in the founding of the regional Chamber of Agriculture of Lower Austria, becoming its secretary and a director; the Federation of
590:. Young Dollfuss spent his childhood in his step-father's house in the nearby commune of Kirnberg, where he also went to elementary school. The local parish priests helped to finance Dollfuss's education, as his parents were unable to do so by themselves alone. He attended high school in
598:
to study theology, but after a few months changed course and started studying law in 1912. As a student, he earned a livelihood giving lessons. He became a member of the
Students' Social Movement, a student organisation dedicated to social and charitable work among the workers.
673:
On 1 October 1930 Dollfuss was appointed the president of the
Federal Railways, the largest industrial corporation in Austria. There, Dollfuss came into contact with all branches of the industry. In March 1931, he was appointed Federal Minister of Agriculture and Forestry.
1889:, Austria officially became a one-party authoritarian state. Opposing the Anschluss, Dollfuss and the Fatherland Front made heavy use of the Austrians' Catholic religion in an attempt to cultivate a sense of nationalism and prevent it from being absorbed by Nazi Germany.
606:
broke out, Dollfuss reported to be recruited in Vienna but was rejected because he was two centimetres shorter than the minimum. Fully grown, he was less than 5 ft 0 in (1.52 m) in height, and later was nicknamed "Millimetternich", a portmanteau of
1089:
In
September 1933 Dollfuss merged his Christian Social Party with elements of other nationalist and conservative groups, including the Heimwehr (which encompassed many workers who were unhappy with the radical leadership of the socialist party) to form the
1976:, a Roman general who conquered part of Germany. This was the greatest moment of friction between Italian Fascism and National Socialism and Mussolini himself came down several times to reaffirm the differences in the field.
1843:
branch of the Social
Democrats to the search of their party headquarters. Word of the fighting in Linz spread quickly, and additional armed conflicts broke out, primarily in Austria's industrial regions and Vienna. The
1877:). The session retrospectively made all the decrees already passed since March 1933 legal. The new constitution became effective on 1 May 1934 and swept away the last remnants of democracy and the system of the
527:
between 1932 and 1934. Having served as Minister for Forests and Agriculture, he ascended to Federal Chancellor in 1932 in the midst of a crisis for the conservative government. This crisis culminated in the
1849:
equally divided between civilians, insurgents, and government forces. The Social Democrats were outlawed by the Federal government on 12 February 1934, and their leaders were imprisoned or fled abroad.
1987:
and prevented the conspirators entering Germany, also expelling them from the Austrian Nazi Party. The Nazi assassins in Vienna, after declaring the formation of a new government under Austrian Nazi
3612:
2893:
3677:
2489:
172:
3269:
1936:
administered to a dying person, but his assassins refused to give it to him. Mussolini had no hesitation in attributing the attack to the German dictator: the news reached him at
1839:, the Dollfuss government searched the homes and meeting places of its members for weapons. On 12 February 1934, the Austrian Civil War was sparked by the armed resistance of the
3642:
905:
214:
3617:
2630:
1816:
3687:
2459:
1024:
947:
2997:
2749:
2830:
3567:
1606:
3637:
2601:
Verordnung der Bundesregierung vom 12. Februar 1934, womit der Sozialdemokratischen Arbeiterpartei Österreichs jede Betätigung in Österreich verboten wird.
941:
850:
529:
969:
March, days after the resignation of the three presidents, Dollfuss had police bar entrance to the chamber, effectively eliminating democracy in Austria.
3622:
3262:
1991:, previously exiled by Dollfuss as Austrian Ambassador to Rome, surrendered after threats from the Austrian military of blowing up the Chancellery using
1919:, Ernst Feike, Franz Leeb, Josef Hackl, Ludwig Maitzen, Erich Wohlraab, and Paul Hudl, who entered the Chancellery building and shot him in an attempted
2883:
2003:, previously Minister of Education, was appointed new chancellor of Austria after a few days, assuming the office from Dollfuss's deputy Starhemberg.
3572:
3647:
1940:, where he was examining the plans for a psychiatric hospital. Mussolini personally gave the announcement to Dollfuss's widow, who was a guest at
1112:
in 1932. Dertill was sentenced to five years in prison for attempted murder. In the aftermath of the attempted assassination, Dollfuss declared
3667:
2772:
2339:
753:
493:
489:
3672:
3657:
3627:
3597:
3255:
2670:
Constructing and Deconstructing National Identity: Dramatic Discourse in Tom Murphy's The Patriot Game and Felix Mitterer's In Der Löwengrube
2481:
1809:
1911:
As a result of his consistent opposition to Nazi demands, Dollfuss was assassinated on 25 July 1934 by a group of Austrian Nazis, including
2684:
1656:
2727:
3652:
1520:
891:
497:
1956:, a plane that allowed the prince to rush back to Vienna and to face the assailants with his militia, with the permission of President
3577:
2253:
1579:
3702:
3632:
3582:
2990:
2929:
2853:
2678:
2624:
2582:
2370:
2098:
1408:
1027:(SDAPÖ). Social Democrats however continued to exist as an independent organization, nevertheless, though without its paramilitary
3682:
3662:
3587:
2036:
1802:
1611:
1460:
1132:
335:
2614:
2519:
574:
3552:
1020:
898:
1430:
1074:, dropping Austrian pretenses of unification with Germany as long as the Nazi Party remained in power there. In August 1933,
2588:
2259:
2221:
2549:
946:
In March 1933, a constitutional impasse arose over irregularities in the voting procedure in the Austrian parliament. The
1739:
1490:
1117:
504:
2983:
1949:
1515:
102:
2451:
2421:
1979:
The assassination of Dollfuss was accompanied by uprisings in many regions in Austria, resulting in further deaths. In
1150:
3697:
3607:
3602:
3278:
1525:
1379:
1029:
985:
951:
760:
635:
541:
474:
2753:
3409:
3107:
2826:
1969:
1616:
1589:
1584:
1091:
1016:
1012:
845:
807:
554:
in 1934. Later that year, Dollfuss was assassinated as part of a failed coup attempt by Nazi agents. His successor
533:
401:
322:
134:
3014:
2642:
uber die weitere Entwicklung der Gemeinde Wien wurde die Sozialdemokratische Partei am 12. Februar 1934 verboten.
2018:(who died in 1973) was later buried beside him. Two of his children, Rudolf and Eva, were in Italy as guests of
1710:
1354:
840:
683:
397:
582:
Dollfuss was born to a poor, peasant family in the hamlet of Great Maierhof in the commune of St. Gotthard near
2122:
1882:
1864:
1858:
1621:
1594:
1306:
1208:
1175:
992:, should elections have been held in 1933, the DNSAP could have mustered about 25% of the votes – contemporary
833:
550:
524:
3441:
1096:, though the Heimwehr continued to exist as an independent organization until 1936, when Dollfuss's successor
3399:
3451:
3286:
1878:
1734:
855:
737:
3384:
1104:
as a paramilitary task-force. Dollfuss was shot and wounded in an assassination attempt in October 1933 by
1033:, which until banned on 31 March 1933 could have mustered tens of thousands against Dollfuss's government.
3531:
3521:
3496:
3221:
2387:
1873:
1863:
Dollfuss staged a rump parliamentary session with just Fatherland Front members present in April 1934 to
1689:
1485:
616:
2006:
Out of a population of 6.5 million, approximately 500,000 Austrians were present at Dollfuss's burial in
3592:
3188:
3006:
2957:
1644:
1349:
1253:
981:
745:
693:
689:
442:
424:
63:
2814:
2577:. Etudes autrichiennes n°6. Presses universitaires de Rouen et du Havre (published 1998). p. 263.
880:
594:. After graduating from high school, Dollfuss intended to become a priest, and thus he enrolled at the
3692:
3562:
3557:
3506:
3491:
3329:
3172:
3097:
1973:
1696:
1558:
1505:
1185:
1165:
1097:
959:
701:
595:
523:; 4 October 1892 – 25 July 1934) was an Austrian politician who served as Chancellor and Dictator of
387:
3324:
2780:
2347:
1105:
2211:
1778:
1445:
1344:
1339:
1213:
1170:
311:
1108:, a 22-year-old who had been ejected from the military for his pro-Nazi views, and had joined the
3119:
2888:
2066:
Der Führer Bundeskanzler Dr. Dollfuß zum Feste des Wiederaufbaues. 3 Reden. 1. Mai 1934
1830:
1500:
1301:
1286:
1203:
1180:
1023:
rule largely modeled after fascism in Italy, banning all other Austrian parties – including the
860:
537:
1548:
650:. Being recognised for his abilities he showed at the Union, he was sent for further studies to
2022:
at the time of his death, an event which saw Mussolini himself shed tears over his slain ally.
1011:'s influence in Europe had increased throughout the 1920s and early 1930s. Dollfuss banned the
3476:
3379:
3349:
3211:
3177:
3062:
2925:
2719:
2674:
2620:
2578:
2366:
2249:
2094:
2019:
2015:
1980:
1921:
1729:
1450:
1398:
1311:
729:
666:, leader of social activities of students and the pioneer of the Catholic movement in Berlin.
663:
655:
626:
455:
346:
207:
2668:
3389:
3364:
3354:
3314:
3205:
3092:
3067:
3042:
3032:
2967:
2088:
2000:
1682:
1480:
1296:
1243:
1082:
in the Soviet Union, and was convinced that Austrofascism and Italian fascism could counter
1075:
989:
988:(DNSAP) could gain a significant minority in future elections (according to fascism scholar
733:
555:
500:
126:
2060:
Die Sozialversicherung in der Landwirtschaft Österreichs nach dem Stande von Ende März 1929
3526:
3501:
3334:
3162:
1984:
1964:
will be defended by Italy even more strenuously", and then replaced in the main square of
1941:
1916:
1903:
1886:
1329:
1291:
1281:
993:
48:
2857:
1756:
3511:
3461:
3319:
3216:
3199:
3194:
3182:
3142:
3037:
2708:
2031:
1988:
1957:
1790:
1703:
1675:
1553:
1470:
1455:
1369:
1364:
962:
923:
741:
697:
84:
3546:
3516:
3486:
3471:
3446:
3436:
3394:
3226:
3157:
3152:
2511:
1912:
1744:
1626:
1510:
1475:
1359:
1334:
1228:
1079:
1056:
1000:
620:
587:
545:
3456:
3431:
3369:
3359:
3344:
3339:
3309:
3294:
3167:
3132:
3082:
3072:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3027:
2950:
2695:
2043:
Gordon Brook Shepard wrote a book in 1961 detailing Dolfuss and his rise to power.
1440:
1374:
1258:
1140:
1083:
1008:
1004:
977:
726:
559:
195:
114:
1041:
774:
2572:
2388:"4 March 1933 – The beginning of the end of parliamentarian democracy in Austria"
2243:
2215:
3426:
3304:
3147:
3137:
3127:
3022:
2541:
1898:
1868:
1749:
1543:
1495:
1465:
1233:
1218:
1113:
1067:
1063:
955:
873:
749:
712:
603:
469:
3247:
2613:
Ministerrat, Austria; Neck, Rudolf; Wandruszka, Adam; Ackerl, Isabella (1985).
732:
group. The coalition assumed the pressing task of tackling the problems of the
3481:
3466:
3299:
3077:
2879:
1248:
1238:
1109:
709:
639:
612:
591:
382:
2429:
1933:
1263:
688:
On 10 May 1932, Dollfuss, age 39 and with only one year's experience in the
659:
583:
563:
273:
1100:
forcibly merged it into the Front, instead creating the unabidingly loyal
999:
analysts suggest a higher support of 50%, with a 75% approval rate in the
2975:
2011:
1992:
1945:
1929:
1650:
1060:
1047:
721:
716:
705:
631:
98:
2619:(in German). Verlag der Österreichischen Staatsdruckerei. p. xvii.
17:
3418:
1996:
1965:
1071:
1015:
on 26 May 1933 and the DNSAP on 19 June 1933. Under the banner of the
647:
31:
2884:"Review/Theater; Brecht's Cauliflower King In Another Resistible Rise"
2007:
1953:
1937:
928:
651:
532:, a coup sparked by the resignation of the presiding officers of the
290:
2616:
Protokolle des Ministerrates der Ersten Republik, Volume 8, Part 6
1902:
1040:
973:
922:
573:
2854:"Rudolf Dollfuß – Traueranzeige und Parte † 05.11.2011 – ASPETOS"
1840:
1223:
3251:
2979:
740:'s industry had been situated in the areas that became part of
2574:
L'Autriche 1918–1938 : recueil de textes civilisationnels
2073:
So sprach der Kanzler. Dollfuss' Vermächtnis. Aus seinen Reden
1867:, effectively the second constitution in the world espousing
3106:
2750:"14 Aug 1934, p. 6 –The Gazette and Daily at Newspapers.com"
2514:[The February Battles and how they came about (4)].
756:. Postwar Austria was therefore economically disadvantaged.
619:. The same day he was rejected in Vienna, Dollfuss went to
763:
was marginal; his coalition had only a one-vote majority.
2305:
2303:
2290:
2288:
2248:. Vol. 1. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 174.
2194:
2192:
2190:
2040:, Dollfuss is represented by the character "Dullfeet".
2546:
Dokumentationsarchiv des österreichischen Widerstandes
2827:"Vienna Tourist Guide: Dollfuss Hietzinger Friedhof"
2512:"Die Februarkämpfe 1934 und wie es zu ihnen kam (4)"
2365:. Vienna: Verlag Kremayr und Scheriau. p. 415.
3417:
3285:
3118:
3013:
2422:"DöW – Documentation Center of Austrian Resistance"
485:
462:
450:
438:
430:
420:
412:
407:
393:
381:
364:
352:
342:
329:
318:
307:
297:
280:
260:
255:
241:
231:
213:
201:
189:
171:
161:
151:
132:
120:
108:
90:
80:
62:
39:
30:"Dollfuss" redirects here. Not to be confused with
3613:Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
2080:Dollfuß an Oesterreich. Eines Mannes Wort und Ziel
2053:Das Kammersystem in der Landwirtschaft Österreichs
1948:with her children. He also put at the disposal of
1045:Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß wearing the
2087:„Der Führer bin ich selbst." Engelbert Dollfuß –
3678:Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war in World War I
1835:In its drive to eliminate the Social Democrats'
965:to issue a decree adjourning it indefinitely.
2242:Domenico, Roy Palmer; Hanley, Mark Y. (2006).
1995:, and were subsequently tried and executed by
3263:
2991:
1810:
899:
638:, south of Tyrol. By 1916 he was promoted to
8:
3643:Christian Social Party (Austria) politicians
2720:"Pics of Planetta and Holzweber (1934 coup)"
2484:[The Deep Wounds of the Civil War].
1754:
1086:national-socialism and communism in Europe.
536:. Suppressing the Socialist movement in the
942:Self-elimination of the Austrian Parliament
530:self-elimination of the Austrian Parliament
3618:World War I prisoners of war held by Italy
3270:
3256:
3248:
2998:
2984:
2976:
2939:
1817:
1803:
1127:
906:
892:
765:
47:
36:
2363:Österreich I (Die unterschätzte Republik)
2245:Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics
1928:In his dying moments, Dollfuss asked for
2767:
2765:
2763:
2068:. Österr. Bundespressedienst, Wien 1934.
704:between the Christian-Social Party, the
2321:
2309:
2294:
2279:
2198:
2181:
2169:
2157:
2145:
2138:
2111:
1139:
768:
27:Chancellor of Austria from 1932 to 1934
2924:. Norfolk, VA: Gates of Vienna Books.
2334:
2332:
2330:
1972:, a Germanic troubadour, with that of
1116:, which allowed for the resumption of
1070:tones and in a similar way to Italian
782:This article is part of a series about
630:. He was soon promoted to the rank of
3688:Politicians assassinated in the 1930s
2121:
227:18 March 1931 – 25 June 1934
7:
2552:from the original on 7 December 2023
2492:from the original on 7 December 2023
2482:"Die tiefen Wunden des Bürgerkriegs"
2346:. September 25, 1933. Archived from
2058:Mertha, Rudolf, Dollfuß, Engelbert:
1871:ideas (after that of the Portuguese
215:Minister of Agriculture and Forestry
3568:20th-century chancellors of Austria
2833:from the original on 8 January 2010
2571:Benay, Jeanne, ed. (January 1998).
185:20 May 1932 – 10 July 1934
147:20 May 1933 – 25 July 1934
76:20 May 1932 – 25 July 1934
3638:Catholicism and far-right politics
2522:from the original on 16 March 2023
2452:"J L Moser – Former Pupils Honor2"
2361:Portisch, Hugo; Sepp Riff (1989).
1580:Alliance for the Future of Austria
972:Dollfuss was concerned that with
301:
25:
3623:Assassinated Austrian politicians
2730:from the original on 3 March 2016
2591:from the original on 5 March 2024
2544:[February Battles 1934].
1409:Envy: A Theory of Social Behavior
954:(the lower house of parliament),
634:. He served for 37 months at the
3408:
2896:from the original on 25 May 2015
2779:. August 6, 1934. Archived from
2480:Konrad, Helmut (12 March 2018).
2037:The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui
1865:have a new constitution approved
1784:
1772:
1149:
879:
773:
719:, the parliamentary wing of the
662:family. Dollfuss often met with
276:, Lower Austria, Austria-Hungary
53:Portrait by Tom von Dreger, 1934
3573:Ministers of defence of Austria
3240:indicate interim officeholders.
2687:from the original on 2020-10-01
2633:from the original on 2024-03-05
2462:from the original on 2023-11-15
2340:"Austria : Eve of Renewal"
2262:from the original on 2024-03-05
2224:from the original on 2024-03-05
2085:Maderthaner, Wolfgang (Hrsg.):
2014:cemetery in Vienna. His wife,
919:Dollfuss as dictator of Austria
578:Dollfuss's birthplace in Texing
3648:Austro-Hungarian Army officers
2655:Civil War in Europe, 1905–1949
2516:Erster Wiener Protestwanderweg
2410:A History of Fascism 1914–1945
1657:Identitäre Bewegung Österreich
1025:Social Democratic Labour Party
1:
3668:Far-right politics in Austria
2922:Dollfuss: An Austrian Patriot
1740:German nationalism in Austria
1118:capital punishment in Austria
3673:Fatherland Front politicians
3658:Assassinated prime ministers
3628:Deaths by firearm in Austria
3598:Foreign ministers of Austria
3279:Foreign Ministers of Austria
2773:"Austria: Death for Freedom"
986:Austrian National Socialists
692:, was offered the office of
558:maintained the regime until
2123:[ˈɛŋəlbɛɐ̯tˈdɔlfus]
1907:Grave of Engelbert Dollfuss
1030:Republikanischer Schutzbund
173:Minister of Foreign Affairs
3719:
3653:People murdered in Austria
2920:Messner, Johannes (2004).
2815:de:Walther-Denkmal (Bozen)
2220:. Hutchinson. p. 57.
2071:Tautscher, Anton (Hrsg.):
1970:Walther von der Vogelweide
1896:
1856:
1828:
1590:Christian Party of Austria
1013:Communist Party of Austria
939:
681:
544:, he cemented the rule of
29:
3578:People from Melk District
3406:
3235:
3104:
2964:
2955:
2947:
2942:
2803:Mussolini and the British
2458:. 1933-11-11. p. 2.
2386:Bauer-Manhart, Ingeborg.
2075:. Baumgartner, Wien 1935.
2062:. Agrarverlag, Wien 1929.
2055:. Agrarverlag, Wien 1929.
1952:, who spent a holiday in
1950:Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg
1019:, he later established a
974:German National Socialist
684:First Dollfuss government
551:First of May Constitution
510:
374:Josepha Dollfuss (mother)
298:Manner of death
251:
247:Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg
220:
178:
167:Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg
140:
103:Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg
69:
58:
46:
3703:Assassinated chancellors
3633:Austrian Roman Catholics
3583:Austrian anti-communists
2667:Ryschka, Birgit (2008).
2010:. He is interred in the
1883:Federal State of Austria
1859:Federal State of Austria
1622:The Reform Conservatives
1595:Freedom Party of Austria
1307:Federal State of Austria
1209:Catholic social teaching
1176:Conservative corporatism
371:Josef Wenninger (father)
302:Assassination by gunshot
3683:Conservatism in Austria
3663:1934 murders in Austria
3588:Antisemitism in Austria
3111:Coat of arms of Austria
2078:Weber, Edmund (Hrsg.):
1879:First Austrian Republic
1779:Conservatism portal
1735:Conservatism in Germany
1607:Catholic People's Party
1585:Austrian People's Party
1142:Conservatism in Austria
984:from January 1933, the
927:Chancellor Dollfuss in
754:Treaty of Saint-Germain
738:Austro-Hungarian Empire
646:from the influences of
3553:Chancellors of Austria
3532:Alexander Schallenberg
3522:Alexander Schallenberg
3497:Benita Ferrero-Waldner
3222:Alexander Schallenberg
3112:
3007:Chancellors of Austria
2843:(includes photographs)
2217:Dollfuss and His Times
2082:. Reinhold, Wien 1935.
1908:
1755:
1690:Salzburger Nachrichten
1612:Christian Social Party
1431:von Coudenhove-Kalergi
1052:
1021:one-party dictatorship
932:
759:Dollfuss's support in
617:Klemens von Metternich
579:
540:and later banning the
336:Christian Social Party
3385:Egon Berger-Waldenegg
3189:Reinhold Mitterlehner
3110:
2958:Chancellor of Austria
2093:. Löcker, Wien 2004,
1906:
1645:Black-Yellow Alliance
1254:Political Catholicism
1044:
982:Chancellor of Germany
926:
815:Chancellor of Austria
678:Chancellor of Austria
577:
431:Years of service
425:Austro-Hungarian Army
64:Chancellor of Austria
3507:Michael Spindelegger
3452:Rudolf Kirchschläger
3098:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
2542:"Februarkämpfe 1934"
2212:Gregory, John Duncan
1697:Tiroler Tageszeitung
1355:von Kuehnelt-Leddihn
1186:Liberal conservatism
1166:Austrian nationalism
1098:Kurt von Schuschnigg
1093:Vaterländische Front
1007:). In addition, the
856:Constitution of 1934
702:coalition government
658:, a descendant of a
596:University of Vienna
494:Military Merit Medal
490:Military Merit Cross
388:University of Vienna
2783:on November 2, 2012
1881:, establishing the
1214:Class collaboration
1171:Christian democracy
752:as a result of the
542:Austrian Nazi Party
312:Hietzinger Cemetery
3698:Shooting survivors
3608:Christian fascists
3603:Austrian Civil War
3442:Lujo Tončić-Sorinj
3113:
3088:Engelbert Dollfuss
2943:Political offices
2889:The New York Times
2829:. Hedwig Abraham.
2724:Axis History Forum
2653:Stanley G. Payne,
2486:Die kleine Zeitung
2408:Stanley G. Payne,
1909:
1831:Austrian Civil War
1791:Austria portal
1302:Congress of Vienna
1287:Austrian Civil War
1181:Green conservatism
1124:Austrian Civil War
1055:Dollfuss modelled
1053:
950:president of the
933:
791:Engelbert Dollfuss
690:Federal Government
580:
538:Austrian Civil War
41:Engelbert Dollfuss
3540:
3539:
3492:Wolfgang Schüssel
3477:Peter Jankowitsch
3380:Stephan Tauschitz
3375:Engelbert Dollfuß
3350:Ernst Streeruwitz
3330:Alfred Grünberger
3245:
3244:
3212:Brigitte Bierlein
3178:Alfred Gusenbauer
3173:Wolfgang Schüssel
3063:Ernst Streeruwitz
2974:
2973:
2965:Succeeded by
2020:Rachele Mussolini
1827:
1826:
1730:Austrian nobility
1399:Sex and Character
1312:Habsburg monarchy
1003:region bordering
948:Social Democratic
916:
915:
846:Second government
835:Austrofascism era
824:
800:
799:
730:ultra-nationalist
664:Carl Sonnenschein
517:Engelbert Dolfuss
514:
513:
498:Medal for Bravery
314:, Vienna, Austria
208:Stephan Tauschitz
157:Party established
16:(Redirected from
3710:
3412:
3390:Kurt Schuschnigg
3365:Johannes Schober
3355:Johannes Schober
3315:Johannes Schober
3272:
3265:
3258:
3249:
3093:Kurt Schuschnigg
3068:Johannes Schober
3043:Johannes Schober
3033:Johannes Schober
3000:
2993:
2986:
2977:
2968:Kurt Schuschnigg
2948:Preceded by
2940:
2935:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2856:. Archived from
2850:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2823:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2769:
2758:
2757:
2752:. Archived from
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2716:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2664:
2658:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2638:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2596:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2428:. Archived from
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2350:on July 2, 2011.
2336:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2298:
2292:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2089:Benito Mussolini
2001:Kurt Schuschnigg
1853:New constitution
1819:
1812:
1805:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1760:
1683:Neues Volksblatt
1617:Fatherland Front
1414:
1404:
1350:von Hofmannsthal
1297:Carlsbad Decrees
1244:Multiculturalism
1204:Austrian culture
1153:
1143:
1128:
1076:Benito Mussolini
1017:Fatherland Front
990:Stanley G. Payne
952:National Council
908:
901:
894:
883:
851:Self-elimination
841:First government
818:
808:Fatherland Front
796:
795:
794:
792:
784:
783:
777:
770:
769:
766:
734:Great Depression
556:Kurt Schuschnigg
534:National Council
501:Karl Troop Cross
408:Military service
323:Fatherland Front
287:
270:
268:
256:Personal details
244:
234:
225:
204:
192:
183:
164:
154:
145:
135:Fatherland Front
127:Kurt Schuschnigg
123:
111:
93:
74:
51:
37:
21:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3527:Michael Linhart
3502:Ursula Plassnik
3419:Second Republic
3413:
3404:
3335:Heinrich Mataja
3281:
3276:
3246:
3241:
3231:
3163:Franz Vranitzky
3120:Second Republic
3114:
3102:
3009:
3004:
2970:
2961:
2953:
2938:
2932:
2919:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2882:(May 9, 1991).
2878:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2836:
2834:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2809:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2771:
2770:
2761:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2703:
2690:
2688:
2681:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2657:, 2011, p. 108.
2652:
2648:
2636:
2634:
2627:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2594:
2592:
2585:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2463:
2456:New Castle News
2450:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2432:on 5 March 2016
2420:
2419:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2393:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2338:
2337:
2328:
2320:
2316:
2308:
2301:
2293:
2286:
2278:
2274:
2265:
2263:
2256:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2227:
2225:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2197:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2168:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2049:
2028:
2016:Alwine Dollfuss
1985:Franz von Papen
1917:Franz Holzweber
1901:
1895:
1887:Italian Fascism
1861:
1855:
1833:
1823:
1785:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1764:
1763:
1725:
1717:
1716:
1670:
1662:
1661:
1640:
1632:
1631:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1539:
1531:
1530:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1402:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1292:Austrian Empire
1282:Austria-Hungary
1277:
1269:
1268:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1161:
1141:
1126:
1068:anti-secularist
1039:
944:
938:
936:Ascent to power
921:
912:
878:
865:
825:
823:
812:
790:
788:
787:
786:
785:
781:
780:
686:
680:
572:
519:(alternatively
481:
416:Austria-Hungary
377:
359:
357:
331:
330:Other political
319:Political party
289:
285:
272:
266:
264:
242:
232:
226:
221:
202:
190:
184:
179:
162:
152:
146:
141:
121:
109:
101:
97:
92:Vice-Chancellor
91:
75:
70:
54:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3716:
3714:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3545:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3512:Sebastian Kurz
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3462:Willibald Pahr
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3325:Leopold Hennet
3322:
3320:Walter Breisky
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3287:First Republic
3283:
3282:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3252:
3243:
3242:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3217:Sebastian Kurz
3214:
3209:
3202:
3200:Sebastian Kurz
3197:
3195:Christian Kern
3192:
3185:
3183:Werner Faymann
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3143:Alfons Gorbach
3140:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3038:Walter Breisky
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3015:First Republic
3011:
3010:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2963:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2936:
2930:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2871:
2845:
2818:
2807:
2805:, 1997, p. 149
2801:Richard Lamb,
2794:
2759:
2756:on 2021-08-22.
2741:
2711:
2701:
2679:
2673:. Peter Lang.
2659:
2646:
2625:
2605:
2583:
2563:
2533:
2503:
2472:
2443:
2413:
2401:
2378:
2371:
2353:
2326:
2314:
2299:
2284:
2272:
2255:978-0313323621
2254:
2234:
2203:
2186:
2174:
2162:
2150:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2091:. Briefwechsel
2083:
2076:
2069:
2063:
2056:
2048:
2045:
2032:Bertolt Brecht
2027:
2024:
1989:Anton Rintelen
1968:the statue of
1958:Wilhelm Miklas
1897:Main article:
1894:
1891:
1857:Main article:
1854:
1851:
1829:Main article:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1781:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1724:Related topics
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1704:Wiener Zeitung
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1676:Kleine Zeitung
1671:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1491:de Paula Maria
1488:
1486:von Metternich
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1125:
1122:
1106:Rudolf Dertill
1051:uniform (1933)
1038:
1035:
963:Wilhelm Miklas
940:Main article:
937:
934:
920:
917:
914:
913:
911:
910:
903:
896:
888:
885:
884:
877:
876:
864:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
819:
811:
810:
802:
801:
798:
797:
778:
742:Czechoslovakia
736:. Much of the
698:Wilhelm Miklas
679:
676:
656:Alwine Glienke
627:Kaiserschützen
571:
568:
512:
511:
508:
507:
487:
483:
482:
480:
479:
478:
477:
466:
464:
460:
459:
456:Kaiserschützen
452:
448:
447:
440:
436:
435:
432:
428:
427:
422:
421:Branch/service
418:
417:
414:
410:
409:
405:
404:
395:
391:
390:
385:
379:
378:
376:
375:
372:
368:
366:
362:
361:
354:
350:
349:
347:Alwine Glienke
344:
340:
339:
333:
327:
326:
320:
316:
315:
309:
305:
304:
299:
295:
294:
288:(aged 41)
282:
278:
277:
271:4 October 1892
262:
258:
257:
253:
252:
249:
248:
245:
239:
238:
237:Andreas Thaler
235:
229:
228:
218:
217:
211:
210:
205:
199:
198:
193:
187:
186:
176:
175:
169:
168:
165:
159:
158:
155:
149:
148:
138:
137:
133:Leader of the
130:
129:
124:
118:
117:
112:
106:
105:
94:
88:
87:
85:Wilhelm Miklas
82:
78:
77:
67:
66:
60:
59:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3715:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3517:Karin Kneissl
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3472:Leopold Gratz
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3447:Kurt Waldheim
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3437:Bruno Kreisky
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3395:Guido Schmidt
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3261:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3227:Karl Nehammer
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3206:Hartwig Löger
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:Fred Sinowatz
3156:
3154:
3153:Bruno Kreisky
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3109:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2952:
2946:
2941:
2933:
2931:9781932528367
2927:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2860:on 2012-04-28
2859:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2697:
2686:
2682:
2680:9783631581117
2676:
2672:
2671:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2632:
2628:
2626:3-7046-0004-0
2622:
2618:
2617:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2590:
2586:
2584:9782877756099
2580:
2576:
2575:
2567:
2564:
2551:
2548:(in German).
2547:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2521:
2518:(in German).
2517:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2491:
2488:(in German).
2487:
2483:
2476:
2473:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2431:
2427:
2426:braintrust.at
2423:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2389:
2382:
2379:
2374:
2372:3-218-00485-3
2368:
2364:
2357:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2324:, p. 35.
2323:
2318:
2315:
2312:, p. 34.
2311:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2297:, p. 33.
2296:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2282:, p. 30.
2281:
2276:
2273:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2238:
2235:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2201:, p. 29.
2200:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2184:, p. 28.
2183:
2178:
2175:
2172:, p. 27.
2171:
2166:
2163:
2160:, p. 26.
2159:
2154:
2151:
2148:, p. 25.
2147:
2142:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2115:
2112:
2105:
2100:
2099:3-85409-393-4
2096:
2092:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2034:'s 1941 play
2033:
2026:In literature
2025:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1913:Otto Planetta
1905:
1900:
1893:Assassination
1892:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:Pan Germanism
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1639:Organisations
1636:
1635:
1628:
1627:Team Stronach
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1526:von Vogelsang
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1461:von Hohenwart
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1380:von Vogelsang
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:Intellectuals
1321:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1229:Family values
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1080:Joseph Stalin
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:ideals with
1065:
1062:
1059:according to
1058:
1057:Austrofascism
1050:
1049:
1043:
1037:Austrofascism
1036:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
996:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
970:
966:
964:
961:
957:
953:
949:
943:
935:
930:
925:
918:
909:
904:
902:
897:
895:
890:
889:
887:
886:
882:
875:
872:
871:
870:
869:
868:Assassination
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
836:
832:
831:
830:
829:
822:
817:
816:
809:
806:
805:
804:
803:
793:
779:
776:
772:
771:
767:
764:
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
728:
724:
723:
718:
714:
711:
707:
703:
699:
696:by President
695:
691:
685:
677:
675:
671:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
643:
641:
637:
636:Italian Front
633:
629:
628:
624:known as the
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
600:
597:
593:
589:
588:Lower Austria
585:
576:
569:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:
547:
546:Austrofascism
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
522:
518:
509:
506:
502:
499:
495:
491:
488:
484:
476:
475:Italian Front
473:
472:
471:
468:
467:
465:
461:
458:
457:
453:
449:
446:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
426:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
403:
399:
396:
392:
389:
386:
384:
380:
373:
370:
369:
367:
363:
355:
351:
348:
345:
341:
337:
334:
328:
324:
321:
317:
313:
310:
308:Resting place
306:
303:
300:
296:
292:
283:
279:
275:
263:
259:
254:
250:
246:
240:
236:
230:
224:
219:
216:
212:
209:
206:
200:
197:
194:
188:
182:
177:
174:
170:
166:
160:
156:
150:
144:
139:
136:
131:
128:
125:
119:
116:
113:
107:
104:
100:
96:Franz Winkler
95:
89:
86:
83:
79:
73:
68:
65:
61:
57:
50:
45:
38:
33:
19:
3593:Anti-Masonry
3457:Erich Bielka
3432:Leopold Figl
3400:Wilhelm Wolf
3374:
3370:Karl Buresch
3360:Ignaz Seipel
3345:Ignaz Seipel
3340:Rudolf Ramek
3310:Michael Mayr
3295:Victor Adler
3237:
3204:
3187:
3168:Viktor Klima
3133:Leopold Figl
3087:
3083:Karl Buresch
3073:Carl Vaugoin
3058:Ignaz Seipel
3053:Rudolf Ramek
3048:Ignaz Seipel
3028:Michael Mayr
2956:
2951:Karl Buresch
2921:
2913:Bibliography
2900:24 September
2898:. Retrieved
2887:
2874:
2862:. Retrieved
2858:the original
2848:
2835:. Retrieved
2821:
2810:
2802:
2797:
2785:. Retrieved
2781:the original
2776:
2754:the original
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2723:
2714:
2704:
2696:Google Books
2694:– via
2689:. Retrieved
2669:
2662:
2654:
2649:
2641:
2635:. Retrieved
2615:
2608:
2600:
2595:29 September
2593:. Retrieved
2573:
2566:
2554:. Retrieved
2545:
2536:
2524:. Retrieved
2515:
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2485:
2475:
2464:. Retrieved
2455:
2446:
2434:. Retrieved
2430:the original
2425:
2416:
2409:
2404:
2392:. Retrieved
2390:. Stadt Wien
2381:
2362:
2356:
2348:the original
2343:
2322:Messner 2004
2317:
2310:Messner 2004
2295:Messner 2004
2280:Messner 2004
2275:
2264:. Retrieved
2244:
2237:
2226:. Retrieved
2216:
2206:
2199:Messner 2004
2182:Messner 2004
2177:
2170:Messner 2004
2165:
2158:Messner 2004
2153:
2146:Messner 2004
2141:
2114:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2059:
2052:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2005:
1978:
1962:
1927:
1920:
1910:
1872:
1862:
1845:
1836:
1834:
1757:Überfremdung
1709:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1649:
1600:
1599:
1574:
1451:von Habsburg
1435:
1407:
1397:
1259:Subsidiarity
1101:
1092:
1088:
1084:totalitarian
1054:
1046:
1028:
1009:Soviet Union
1005:Nazi Germany
994:
978:Adolf Hitler
971:
967:
945:
867:
866:
834:
827:
826:
820:
814:
813:
789:
758:
727:paramilitary
720:
715:party – and
687:
672:
668:
644:
625:
611:(German for
608:
601:
581:
560:Adolf Hitler
549:
548:through the
520:
516:
515:
463:Battles/wars
454:
444:Oberleutnant
443:
338:(until 1933)
332:affiliations
286:(1934-07-25)
284:25 July 1934
243:Succeeded by
222:
203:Succeeded by
196:Karl Buresch
180:
163:Succeeded by
142:
122:Succeeded by
115:Karl Buresch
71:
3693:July Putsch
3563:1934 deaths
3558:1892 births
3427:Karl Gruber
3305:Karl Renner
3148:Josef Klaus
3138:Julius Raab
3128:Karl Renner
3023:Karl Renner
2864:January 22,
1922:coup d'état
1899:July Putsch
1885:. Based on
1874:Estado Novo
1869:corporatist
1750:Remigration
1516:Starhemberg
1481:Schuschnigg
1425:Politicians
1234:Imperialism
1219:Clericalism
1114:martial law
1064:corporatist
956:Karl Renner
874:July Putsch
750:World War I
717:Heimatblock
604:World War I
505:Wound Medal
470:World War I
325:(1933–1934)
233:Preceded by
191:Preceded by
153:Preceded by
110:Preceded by
3547:Categories
3487:Otto Rösch
3482:Alois Mock
3467:Erwin Lanc
3300:Otto Bauer
3078:Otto Ender
2962:1932–1934
2880:Mel Gussow
2837:6 February
2691:2024-02-29
2637:2018-03-04
2556:6 December
2526:6 December
2496:6 December
2466:2023-11-15
2266:2021-02-10
2228:2021-05-10
2133:References
1846:Schutzbund
1837:Schutzbund
1711:Österreich
1559:Tschugguel
1501:Rosenkranz
1392:Literature
1249:Organicism
1239:Monarchism
1198:Principles
1160:Ideologies
1110:Nazi Party
1102:Frontmiliz
828:Government
761:Parliament
746:Yugoslavia
710:right-wing
694:Chancellor
682:See also:
660:Pomeranian
640:lieutenant
621:St. Pölten
613:millimetre
609:Millimeter
592:Hollabrunn
570:Early life
413:Allegiance
398:Dollfuss I
383:Alma mater
267:1892-10-04
1981:Carinthia
1942:his villa
1934:Eucharist
1549:Schönfeld
1538:Activists
1446:von Gentz
1345:von Hayek
1340:von Gentz
1264:Tradition
960:President
861:Civil War
821:1932-1934
584:Texingtal
566:in 1938.
564:Anschluss
503:(2 times)
496:(2 times)
492:3rd Class
434:1914–1918
293:, Austria
223:In office
181:In office
143:In office
81:President
72:In office
2894:Archived
2831:Archived
2728:Archived
2685:Archived
2631:Archived
2589:Archived
2550:Archived
2520:Archived
2490:Archived
2460:Archived
2260:Archived
2222:Archived
2214:(1935).
2012:Hietzing
1993:dynamite
1946:Riccione
1930:Viaticum
1651:Heimwehr
1506:Schüssel
1476:Nehammer
1436:Dollfuss
1360:Mannheim
1133:a series
1131:Part of
1061:Catholic
1048:Heimwehr
997:magazine
722:Heimwehr
713:agrarian
706:Landbund
632:corporal
353:Children
99:Emil Fey
18:Dollfuss
3238:Italics
2119:German:
1997:hanging
1966:Bolzano
1601:Defunct
1571:Parties
1554:Sellner
1511:Stadler
1370:Schoeck
1276:History
1072:fascism
976:leader
648:Marxism
525:Austria
521:Dollfuß
394:Cabinet
365:Parents
356:Hannerl
32:Dollfus
2928:
2787:May 2,
2734:5 July
2677:
2623:
2581:
2436:5 July
2394:May 9,
2369:
2252:
2097:
2008:Vienna
1974:Drusus
1954:Venice
1938:Cesena
1932:, the
1575:Active
1521:Taaffe
1456:Haider
1413:(1966)
1403:(1903)
1365:Müller
1335:Burger
1330:Berger
931:, 1933
929:Geneva
748:after
652:Berlin
615:) and
486:Awards
360:Rudolf
343:Spouse
291:Vienna
274:Texing
2106:Notes
2047:Works
1669:Media
1544:Feigl
1466:Klaus
1375:Spann
1001:Tyrol
2926:ISBN
2902:2014
2866:2013
2839:2010
2789:2010
2777:Time
2736:2015
2675:ISBN
2621:ISBN
2597:2022
2579:ISBN
2558:2023
2528:2023
2498:2023
2438:2015
2396:2017
2367:ISBN
2344:Time
2250:ISBN
2095:ISBN
1841:Linz
1496:Raab
1471:Kurz
1441:Figl
1224:Duty
995:Time
744:and
725:, a
708:– a
451:Unit
439:Rank
281:Died
261:Born
2030:In
1944:in
980:as
602:As
586:in
562:'s
358:Eva
3549::
2892:.
2886:.
2775:.
2762:^
2726:.
2722:.
2683:.
2640:.
2629:.
2599:.
2587:.
2454:.
2424:.
2342:.
2329:^
2302:^
2287:^
2258:.
2189:^
1999:.
1960:.
1915:,
1135:on
1120:.
642:.
402:II
3271:e
3264:t
3257:v
2999:e
2992:t
2985:v
2934:.
2904:.
2868:.
2841:.
2791:.
2738:.
2698:.
2560:.
2530:.
2500:.
2469:.
2440:.
2398:.
2375:.
2269:.
2231:.
2101:.
1818:e
1811:t
1804:v
907:e
900:t
893:v
400:–
269:)
265:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
