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government must supply evidence of probable cause." Also in the article: "The minimum legal definition of probable cause, said a government official who has studied the program closely, is that evidence used to support eavesdropping ought to turn out to be 'right for one out of every two guys at least.' Those who devised the surveillance plan, the official said, 'knew they could never meet that standard—that's why they didn't go through'" the
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terrorist activity. With current laws in the U.S. (as of 2013), a warrant is not necessary if the government's surveillance is 'reasonably believed' to be overseas. "A new set of documents purportedly lifted from the U.S. National
Security Agency suggests that American spies have burrowed deep into the Middle East's financial network, apparently compromising the Dubai office of the anti-money laundering and financial services firm EastNets."
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898:. However, anonymous sources have come forward stating a small number of instances where purely domestic calls were intercepted. These sources said the NSA accidentally intercepted these calls, apparently caused by technical glitches in determining whether a communication was in fact "international", probably due to the use of international cell phones.
869:(FISA), and legal challenges to the program are currently undergoing judicial review. Because the technical specifics of the program have not been disclosed, it is unclear if the program is subject to FISA. It is unknown if this is the original name of the program; the term was first used publicly by President Bush in a speech on January 23, 2006.
1423:, and lawyer/author Jennifer van Bergen have also criticized the administration's justification for conducting electronic surveillance within the U.S. without first obtaining warrants as contrary to current U.S. law. President Bush's former Assistant Deputy Attorney General for national security issues,
1086:
He forcefully defended his actions as "crucial to our national security" and claimed that the
American people expected him to "do everything in my power, under our laws and Constitution, to protect them and their civil liberties" as long as there was a "continuing threat" from al Qaeda. The president
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not to publish this article, arguing that it could jeopardize continuing investigations and alert terrorists that they might be under scrutiny. After meeting with senior administration officials to hear their concerns, the newspaper delayed publication for a year to conduct additional reporting. Some
1046:
Under a presidential order signed in 2002, the intelligence agency monitored the international telephone calls and international e-mail messages of hundreds, perhaps thousands, of people inside the United States without warrants over the past three years in an effort to track possible "dirty numbers"
1217:
noted that "fewer than 10 U.S. citizens or residents a year, according to an authoritative account, have aroused enough suspicion during warrantless eavesdropping to justify interception of their (purely) domestic calls, as well. That step still requires a warrant from a federal judge, for which the
931:
were briefed a number of times since initiation of the program. They were not, however, allowed to make notes or confer with others to determine the legal ramifications, or even to mention the existence of the program to the full membership of the intelligence committees. Further, the administration
877:
informed U.S. Senate leaders by letter that the program would not be reauthorized by the president, but would be subjected to judicial oversight. "Any electronic surveillance that was occurring as part of the
Terrorist Surveillance Program will now be conducted subject to the approval of the Foreign
893:
While no specific information has been offered, the Bush
Administration has indicated that the wiretapping program targets communications where at least one party is outside the United States, and where it asserts that there are reasonable grounds to believe that one or more parties involved in the
1204:
reported that "more than a dozen current and former law-enforcement and counterterrorism officials", some of whom knew of the domestic spying program, "said the torrent of tips led them to few potential terrorists inside the country they did not know of from other sources and diverted agents from
950:
Prominent legal scholar and blogger Orin Kerr has argued that the program is probably not a wiretap or call database, but more likely to be a pen register (or tap-and-trace) tap. Unlike wiretaps, where the actual content of the call is monitored, or listened to, a pen register is a limited form of
1338:
against it. The
Justice Department filed an appeal within hours of the ruling and requested a stay of the injunction pending appeal. While opposing the stay, the ACLU agreed to delay implementation of the injunction until September 7 to allow time for the judge to hear the appeal. On appeal, the
872:
On August 17, 2006, U.S. District Judge Anna Diggs Taylor ruled the program unconstitutional and illegal. On appeal, the decision was overturned on procedural grounds and the lawsuit was dismissed without addressing the merits of the claims, although one further challenge is still pending in the
1077:
I authorized the
National Security Agency, consistent with U.S. law and the Constitution, to intercept the international communications of people with known links to al Qaeda and related terrorist organizations. Before we intercept these communications, the government must have information that
1072:
refused to comment on the story on
December 16, exclaiming "there's a reason why we don't get into discussing ongoing intelligence activities, because it could compromise our efforts to prevent attacks from happening." The next morning, the president gave a live eight-minute television address
1019:
Both the U.S. government and also spy organizations in the U.K. have tapped "the spine of the internet", a transatlantic
Ethernet cable, using submarines to access it and put on equipment to commandeer as much information as they wish to apply special searches in order to narrow down potential
1376:
FISA explicitly covers "electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence information" performed within the United States, and there is no court decision supporting the theory that the president's constitutional authority allows him to override statutory law. This was emphasized by fourteen
955:) such as originating and receiving telephone numbers, time of call and duration are logged. Because of the limited nature of the data, frequently characterized as "outside the envelope", pen register taps have much lower legal standards than conventional wiretaps, and are not subject to
1010:
did not. The article quotes an unnamed source that "it's the largest database ever assembled in the world". Most reports indicate that this program is different from the
Terrorist Surveillance Program. The administration has not confirmed the existence of this aspect of the program.
1435:
has usefully distinguished between the core NSA eavesdropping program, the data mining program, and the use of
National Security Letters to clarify that each continues to present serious legal problems despite the government's supposedly bringing them within the relevant laws.
1082:
In a radio address on December 18, President Bush implied he had approved the tracing of domestic calls originating or terminating overseas, stating the program would "make it more likely that killers like these 9/11 hijackers will be identified and located in time."
1041:
secretly authorized the National Security Agency to eavesdrop on Americans and others inside the United States to search for evidence of terrorist activity without the court-approved warrants ordinarily required for domestic spying" as part of the War on Terror.
3012:
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filed an ultimately unsuccessful lawsuit against the program in 2006 on behalf of journalists, scholars, and lawyers. In the initial trial, U.S. District Judge Anna Diggs Taylor on August 17, 2006, ruled the program was unconstitutional and imposed an
3868:
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1398:
time the Supreme Court has confronted a statute limiting the commander in chief's authority, it has upheld the statute. No precedent holds that the president, when acting as commander in chief, is free to disregard an Act of Congress, much less a
1393:
The argument that conduct undertaken by the commander in chief that has some relevance to 'engaging the enemy' is immune from congressional regulation finds no support in, and is directly contradicted by, both case law and historical precedent.
1326:(FISA), which was passed into law in response to widespread concern over these abuses of domestic surveillance activities. According to opponents of this program that is exactly what the current program is doing and why FISA was enacted.
1181:
Tice says the technology exists to track and sort through every domestic and international phone call as they are switched through centers, such as one in New York, and to search for key words or phrases that a terrorist might use.
1128:, however, the oversight by the NSA shift supervisor continued to be unfettered by any pre-approval requirement. The story also pointed out that even some NSA employees thought that the warrantless surveillance program was illegal.
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The complete details of the program are not known, as the Bush Administration contended that security concerns did not allow it to release details, and limit judicial authorization and review. Implemented sometime after the
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ran a story reporting that according to seven telecommunications executives, the NSA had secured the cooperation of the main telecommunications companies in charge of international phone calls, including
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also had harsh words for those who broke the story, saying that they acted illegally. "The unauthorized disclosure of this effort damages our national security and puts our citizens at risk", he said.
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1173:, the number of Americans affected by the range of NSA surveillance programs could be in the millions if the full extent of secret NSA programs is considered. The story was picked up by
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1185:"If you picked the word 'jihad' out of a conversation," Tice said, "the technology exists that you focus in on that conversation, and you pull it out of the system for processing."
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2364:"George W. Bush as the New Richard M. Nixon: Both Wiretapped Illegally, and Impeachable; Both Claimed That a President May Violate Congress' Laws to Protect National Security"
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According to Tice, intelligence analysts use the information to develop graphs that resemble spiderwebs linking one suspect's phone number to hundreds or even thousands more.
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1191:"That would mean for most Americans that if they conducted, or you know, placed an overseas communication, more than likely they were sucked into that vacuum," Tice said.
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970:. These documents contain only logs of phone calls being placed, but not actual transcripts, suggesting the wiretapping program is merely a pen-register tap.
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Decrypting the Fourth Amendment: Warrantless NSA Surveillance and the Enhanced Expectation of Privacy Provided by Encrypted Voice over Internet Protocol
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even refused to identify to the public which members of the committees were briefed; it has, however, provided a complete list of these members to the
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President Bush stated that he had reviewed and reauthorized the program approximately every 45 days since it was implemented. The leadership of the
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disclosed that technical glitches resulted in some of the intercepts including communications which were "purely domestic" in nature, igniting the
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placed within the United States, including both phone numbers and the date and duration of the calls. According to the article, phone companies
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pp. 109–125 in The Cambridge Handbook of Social Problems, Volume 2, edited by A. Javier Treviño. New York: Cambridge University Press.
2001:
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On June 6, 2013, it was revealed that the Terrorist Surveillance Program was replaced by a new NSA program, referred to by its codeword,
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released the text of AT&T documents, currently under court seal in the EFF case, that allegedly describe NSA wiretap arrangements.
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put the controversy on the cover of its magazine and ran several stories inside summarizing what is known and speculations about it.
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judges, one of whom resigned in protest, have also voiced their doubts as to the legality of a program bypassing FISA Stanford's
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3422:
2235:"Surveillance Net Yields Few Suspects - NSA's Hunt for Terrorists Scrutinizes Thousands of Americans, but Most Are Later Cleared"
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linked to Al Qaeda, the officials said. The agency, they said, still seeks warrants to monitor entirely domestic communications.
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The FBI began an investigation into the leaks surrounding this program in 2005, with 25 agents and 5 prosecutors on the case.
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said that his colleagues told him that the NSA had begun storing billing and phone records from "everyone in the country."
842:, described how the nature of the domestic surveillance was much, much more widespread than initially disclosed. In a 2011
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Deflem, Mathieu, Silva, Derek M.D., and Anna S. Rogers. 2018. "Domestic Spying: A Historical-Comparative Perspective."
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Statutory Procedures Under Which Congress Is To Be Informed of U.S. Intelligence Activities, Including Covert Actions
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1959:
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reported that the NSA has had a separate, previously undisclosed program in place since 9/11 to build a database of
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Presidential Authority to Conduct Warrantless Electronic Surveillance to Gather Foreign Intelligence Information
48:
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enacted by Congress, that was designed specifically to restrain the president as such.(Emphasis in original.)
1143:
were summoned by the president and White House officials to persuade the paper not to publish the story. The
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Critics of the Bush administration have regularly compared the current NSA surveillance program to those of
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538:
2403:"Letter to Congress regarding FISA and NSA, fourteen constitutional law scholars, February 2, 2006; p. 5"
1090:
The following day in a press conference with the media, Bush reiterated his support for domestic spying.
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dismissed the case without addressing the merits of the claims, holding 2–1 that the plaintiffs lacked
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ran the story shortly before it would have been scooped by publication of its own reporter's book. The
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instead of his normal weekly radio address, during which he addressed the wiretap story directly:
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The only physical evidence of the NSA program are documents accidentally leaked to lawyers for an
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information that administration officials argued could be useful to terrorists has been omitted.
404:
1784:
1295:. The primary legal challenge to the program currently in US courts is the suit brought by the
1279:
The NSA's electronic surveillance operations are governed primarily by four legal sources: the
1151:
ombudsman speculates that the reason the backstory isn't being revealed is to protect sources.
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4135:
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979:
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1703:"Letter from Alberto Gonzalez, Attorney General, to Senators Patrick Leahy and Arlen Specter"
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printed a story revealing that aspects of the program were suspended for weeks in 2004. The
874:
809:
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84:
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1124:"played a part in overseeing the reforms that were put in place in 2004." According to the
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following disclosure of the program. It is claimed that this program operated without the
424:
79:
2513:
2123:
1736:"U.S. intelligence mining data from nine U.S. Internet companies in broad secret program"
1361:
When classified details were leaked to the press at some point in 2005, critics began to
4233:
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4160:
3778:
2573:
2563:
2518:
2402:
2363:
2336:"Saudi Group Alleges Wiretapping by U.S.: Defunct Charity's Suit Details Eavesdropping"
2314:
1982:
1954:
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1121:
1038:
854:
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477:
17:
4739:
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LOWELL BERGMAN, ERIC LICHTBLAU, SCOTT SHANE and DON VAN NATTA Jr. (January 17, 2006).
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1307:
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1135:
had withheld the article from publication for over a year. Both editor-in-chief
821:
711:
467:
338:
1372:
If so, did the president have authority, inherent or otherwise, to bypass FISA.
4284:
4274:
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1615:
1482:
1462:
1432:
1335:
1003:
462:
121:
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June, Daniel, "How the Government Taps Undersea Internet Cables to Spy on Us"
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986:
912:
699:
666:
518:
472:
273:
253:
167:
138:
116:
1299:. All other challenges to the program have been dismissed by U.S. courts.
1117:, balked in 2004 when asked to give approval of the program, and that then
56:
as of 2007, with countries subject to the most data collection shown in red
2053:
4615:
4555:
4432:
4264:
4180:
4155:
4087:
3274:
2324:. Boston College Law Review. May, 2006. Last access date January 23, 2007
1785:
Statement of Hon. Alberto R. Gonzales, attorney general, February 6, 2006
1365:. The crux of the debate over legality is twofold, the main issues being
1252:
1235:
963:
952:
895:
817:
571:
268:
216:
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1242:, in its efforts to eavesdrop without warrants on international calls.
1231:
999:
995:
742:
300:
278:
258:
243:
162:
74:
2392:. Associated Press. August 18, 2006. Last access date August 18, 2006.
2233:
Barton Gellman, Dafna Linzer and Carol D. Leonnig (February 5, 2006).
1569:
Yoo, John. "The Terrorist Surveillance Program and the Constitution".
2379:. Associated Press. August 18, 2006. Last access date August 18, 2006
1646:"President Discusses Global War on Terror at Kansas State University"
730:
675:
248:
2160:
3986:
Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act
1007:
211:
1905:"New leak suggest NSA penetrated banking networks in Middle East"
4150:
4140:
4030:
1987:
1963:
906:, the existence of the program was not made public until a 2005
853:
The program was named the Terrorist Surveillance Program by the
808:, which was in turn conducted under the overall umbrella of the
4034:
3680:
White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
2612:
3933:
Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration
4662:
Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World
878:
Intelligence Surveillance Court", according to his letter.
2476:
AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION ADOPTED BY THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES
1037:
printed a story asserting that following 9/11, "President
820:
communications overseas where at least one party is not a
3714:
Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
2202:"Spy Agency Data After Sept. 11 Led F.B.I. to Dead Ends"
910:
article. Additional details came to light in a May 2006
2534:"The End of Illegal Domestic Spying? Don't Count on It"
1205:
counterterrorism work they viewed as more productive".
3883:
Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005
3636:
President's Council on Service and Civic Participation
3567:
Higher Education Relief Opportunities For Students Act
1369:
Are the parameters of this program subject to FISA and
1322:). However, these programs occurred prior to the 1978
4716:
3721:
Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003
1078:
establishes a clear link to these terrorist networks.
3333:
Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007
2570:
Giving In to the Surveillance State, by Shane Harris
2514:"Judges on Secretive Panel Speak Out on Spy Program"
1764:"NSA has massive database of Americans' phone calls"
1618:, The New Yorker, May 23 2011, retrieved 2011 May 16
4528:
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4405:
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4257:
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4189:
4113:
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2647:
2020:"Bush Says U.S. Spy Program Is Legal and Essential"
1377:constitutional law scholars, including the dean of
2252:Cauley, Leslie; Diamond, John (February 2, 2006).
1958:(Press release). December 16, 2005. Archived from
1415:, former congressional representative of New York
1930:James Risen, Eric Lichtblau (December 16, 2005).
1468:Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act
1169:ran a story that, according to NSA whistleblower
3486:National Security Entry-Exit Registration System
2904:Joint session of Congress (September 11 attacks)
2143:"Behind the Eavesdropping Story, a Loud Silence"
2103:"Obama Takes a Hard Line Against Leaks to Press"
1734:Gellman, Barton; Poitras, Laura (June 7, 2013).
1669:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2495:"Lawyers Group Criticizes Surveillance Program"
2161:"Why NSA whistle-blower Russ Tice may be right"
2122:James Risen, Eric Lichtblau (January 1, 2006).
1986:(Press release). December 17, 2005 – via
1683:
1681:
1582:
1580:
1293:United States Signals Intelligence Directive 18
1179:
1075:
1057:
1044:
3818:Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002
3788:Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
2124:"Justice Deputy Resisted Parts of Spy Program"
2002:"US eavesdropping program 'saves lives': Bush"
1932:"Bush Lets U.S. Spy on Callers Without Courts"
1652:. Archived from the original on March 13, 2007
873:courts. On January 17, 2007, Attorney General
800:(NSA) of the United States in the wake of the
501:Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)
4046:
2624:
2046:"Bush, administration defend domestic spying"
1587:James Risen and Eric Lichtblau (2005-12-21).
1285:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978
816:agency, implemented the program to intercept
769:
8:
3846:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
3825:Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act of 2007
3758:Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
2218:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1757:
1755:
4771:George W. Bush administration controversies
4621:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
3772:Financial Literacy and Education Commission
3395:Government response to September 11 attacks
3381:Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act
1341:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
4350:
4193:
4110:
4053:
4039:
4031:
3811:Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
3353:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
2653:
2631:
2617:
2609:
2187:"NSA Whistleblower Alleges Illegal Spying"
776:
762:
29:
3765:Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
3388:Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
3022:Jordan–United States Free Trade Agreement
1281:Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
4418:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
2602:) is being considered for deletion. See
2377:Judge Finds NSA Program Unconstitutional
2358:
2356:
2278:. Newsweek. May 22, 2006. Archived from
1544:"Same Surveillance state, Different War"
1453:NSA warrantless surveillance controversy
1357:NSA warrantless surveillance controversy
1275:NSA warrantless surveillance controversy
1006:disclosed the records to the NSA, while
859:NSA warrantless surveillance controversy
830:NSA warrantless surveillance controversy
4723:
4126:Operation Enduring Freedom participants
3993:Water Resources Development Act of 2007
3730:Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act
2755:Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy
1535:
1220:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
549:Mass surveillance in the United Kingdom
32:
3890:Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006
3500:Secondary Security Screening Selection
2211:
2008:. Associated Press. December 18, 2005.
1662:
1155:claims he was a source for the story.
544:Mass surveillance in the United States
4761:Counterterrorism in the United States
4655:Targeted Killing in International Law
4536:Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
3430:National Construction Safety Team Act
3189:Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
1632:Surveillance Net Yields Few Suspects.
1324:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
867:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
496:2005 warrantless surveillance scandal
7:
4701:
3963:Magnuson–Stevens Reauthorization Act
3862:Renovation, Repair and Painting Rule
3479:U.S. Department of Homeland Security
2294:"Why We Published the AT&T Docs"
1363:question the legality of the program
951:wiretap where only basic call data (
4781:American secret government programs
3652:Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
3129:Darfur Peace and Accountability Act
2334:Leonnig, Carol D. (March 2, 2006).
2052:. December 19, 2005. Archived from
1950:"Press Briefing by Scott McClellan"
1846:"Top Secret: We're Wiretapping You"
1689:"Court dismisses lawsuit on spying"
3804:Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004
3700:American Jobs Creation Act of 2004
3071:Dominican Republic–Central America
2390:Feds Appeal Ruling on Surveillance
1589:"Spying Program Snared U.S. Calls"
857:administration in response to the
25:
4586:Enhanced interrogation techniques
4382:Georgia Sustainment and Stability
4270:al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
3374:Born-Alive Infants Protection Act
2606:to help reach a consensus. ›
2425:The Impeachment of George W. Bush
2141:Calame, Byron (January 1, 2006).
1550:. Adrienne Lafrance. 8 April 2015
1250:In its issue dated May 22, 2006,
54:Map of global NSA data collection
4738:
4726:
4700:
4691:
4690:
4561:Combatant Status Review Tribunal
4510:President's Surveillance Program
4505:Military Commissions Act of 2009
4500:Military Commissions Act of 2006
4453:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
4428:Moro conflict in the Philippines
4423:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
3581:Criticism of government response
3560:Higher Education Opportunity Act
3451:President's Surveillance Program
1387:University of Chicago Law School
806:President's Surveillance Program
741:
729:
710:
698:
686:
674:
654:
644:
634:
624:
614:
604:
594:
193:President's Surveillance Program
47:
33:
4377:Georgia Train and Equip Program
3977:Renewable Identification Number
3795:Forest Land Enhancement Program
3737:Credit Rating Agency Reform Act
3659:Public Service Loan Forgiveness
3437:NIST WTC Disaster Investigation
2254:"Telecoms let NSA spy on calls"
1852:. March 5, 2007. Archived from
1762:Cauley, Leslie (May 10, 2006).
1163:On January 3, the news program
4566:Criticism of the war on terror
4520:Terrorist Surveillance Program
4325:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
4078:War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)
3949:Diesel Emissions Reduction Act
3869:SAFE Transportation Equity Act
3832:Pension Protection Act of 2006
3666:Unborn Victims of Violence Act
3629:Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act
3551:Election Assistance Commission
3458:Terrorist Surveillance Program
3367:Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
2862:State funeral of Ronald Reagan
2076:"Bush Defends Domestic Spying"
1867:Froomkin, Dan (May 19, 2006).
1413:Congressional Research Service
1331:American Civil Liberties Union
790:Terrorist Surveillance Program
198:Terrorist Surveillance Program
1:
4766:Counterterrorism intelligence
4601:Guantanamo Bay detention camp
4244:Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq
3853:Troubled Asset Relief Program
3744:Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
3472:Homeland Security Act of 2002
2582:"Setting the Record Straight"
2560:The Program, by Laura Poitras
2532:Chip Pitts (March 15, 2007).
1962:on July 28, 2011 – via
1419:, former White House Counsel
934:Senate Intelligence Committee
846:article, former NSA employee
377:Senate Intelligence Committee
4576:Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri
4468:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
3514:Terrorist Screening Database
3465:NSA warrantless surveillance
3312:H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004
3157:Vision for Space Exploration
2869:State funeral of Gerald Ford
2640:Presidency of George W. Bush
2599:Presidency of George W. Bush
2366:, FindLaw, December 30, 2005
2276:"NSA Spying: Hold the Phone"
2189:. ABCNews. January 10, 2006.
2101:Scott Shane (11 June 2010).
1068:White House press secretary
4644:State Sponsors of Terrorism
4515:Protect America Act of 2007
3535:FISA Amendments Act of 2008
3528:Protect America Act of 2007
3319:L-1 Visa Reform Act of 2004
1978:"President's Radio Address"
1723:bad link as of Aug 19, 2007
894:communication have ties to
796:program implemented by the
354:FISA Amendments Act of 2008
349:Protect America Act of 2007
188:Total Information Awareness
4807:
4581:Killing of Osama bin Laden
4458:War in Somalia (2006–2009)
4413:Operation Active Endeavour
3956:Healthy Forests Initiative
3597:Medicare Modernization Act
3507:Terrorist Screening Center
3402:Rescue and recovery effort
3238:August 2001 daily briefing
2855:Presidential proclamations
2296:. Wired News. May 22, 2006
1790:February 14, 2006, at the
1354:
1272:
977:
943:
904:September 11, 2001 attacks
802:September 11, 2001 attacks
151:Tailored Access Operations
4686:
4448:Terrorism in Saudi Arabia
4397:Drone strikes in Pakistan
4290:Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
4068:
4002:
3912:Clean Boating Act of 2008
3751:Energy Policy Act of 2005
3620:Highly qualified teachers
3036:Trade promotion authority
2896:Joint session of Congress
2656:
2320:October 30, 2007, at the
524:Surveillance of reporters
382:National Security Council
4776:National Security Agency
4668:Unitary executive theory
4009:← Clinton administration
3613:No Child Left Behind Act
3326:Secure Fence Act of 2006
2783:Supreme Court candidates
2748:Legislation and programs
2604:templates for discussion
1691:. Reuters. July 6, 2007.
1478:Stellar Wind (code name)
1409:American Bar Association
1381:and the former deans of
925:House of Representatives
798:National Security Agency
40:National Security Agency
4596:Extraordinary rendition
4591:Extrajudicial prisoners
3970:Renewable Fuel Standard
3224:Pre-attack intelligence
1825:"The Volokh Conspiracy"
1269:Legality of the program
1119:Deputy Attorney General
1113:office, then headed by
1111:U.S. Attorney General's
992:information about calls
921:intelligence committees
832:. Later works, such as
794:electronic surveillance
18:Domestic spying program
4631:Operation Eagle Assist
4551:Clash of Civilizations
4098:Symbolism of terrorism
4018:Obama administration →
3926:Clear Skies Initiative
1405:
1297:Al-Haramain Foundation
1193:
1080:
1066:
1059:The White House asked
1049:
1033:On December 16, 2005,
1015:Undersea cable tapping
968:Al-Haramain Foundation
539:Insider Threat Program
4626:Operation Noble Eagle
4463:2007 Lebanon conflict
3940:Executive Order 13432
3919:Climate change policy
3544:Help America Vote Act
3305:Executive Order 13470
3298:Executive Order 13355
2776:Judicial appointments
2546:on February 26, 2015.
2006:Sydney Morning Herald
1869:"A Change of Subject"
1856:on February 26, 2015.
1391:
1289:Executive Order 12333
1141:Arthur Sulzberger Jr.
804:. It was part of the
344:Homeland Security Act
238:Databases, tools etc.
4443:Operation Linda Nchi
4387:OEF – Horn of Africa
4300:Islamic Courts Union
4249:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
4073:September 11 attacks
3210:Communication issues
3203:September 11 attacks
2919:Mission Accomplished
1510:Thomas Andrews Drake
1225:Also on February 5,
1101:On January 1, 2006,
814:signals intelligence
534:UN diplomatic spying
3673:2006 VRA Amendments
3013:by Condoleezza Rice
2999:International trips
2834:Impeachment efforts
2503:, February 14, 2006
2485:, February 13, 2006
2313:David Alan Jordan.
2239:The Washington Post
2082:. December 19, 2005
2056:on October 19, 2021
2026:. December 19, 2005
1740:The Washington Post
1675:. January 23, 2006.
1488:Trailblazer Project
1447:Hepting v. AT&T
1383:Stanford Law School
1347:to bring the suit.
1215:The Washington Post
1200:On January 17, the
405:Hepting v. AT&T
324:Privacy Act of 1974
102:Upstream collection
4673:Unlawful combatant
4606:Iranian Revolution
4392:OEF – Trans Sahara
4367:War in Afghanistan
4224:Jalaluddin Haqqani
4219:Sirajuddin Haqqani
4145:Iraqi Armed Forces
3876:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
3839:Public Law 110-343
3136:Mexico City policy
2576:, August 22, 2012.
2566:, August 22, 2012.
2481:2009-03-26 at the
2444:, January 11, 2006
2436:Elizabeth Holtzman
2430:2006-03-18 at the
2206:The New York Times
2147:The New York Times
2108:The New York Times
2024:The New York Times
1936:The New York Times
1710:The New York Times
1427:, and five former
1417:Elizabeth Holtzman
1103:The New York Times
1061:The New York Times
1035:The New York Times
863:judicial oversight
839:The Shadow Factory
826:The New York Times
415:Clapper v. Amnesty
290:GCHQ collaboration
284:BOUNDLESSINFORMANT
4714:
4713:
4611:Islamic terrorism
4476:
4475:
4372:OEF – Philippines
4342:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4295:Hizbul Mujahideen
4136:Northern Alliance
4028:
4027:
3574:Hurricane Katrina
3217:Military response
3196:USA Freedom Corps
3122:2002 steel tariff
3029:Trade Act of 2002
2977:
2976:
2968:2008 SOTU Address
2961:2007 SOTU Address
2954:2006 SOTU Address
2947:2005 SOTU Address
2940:2004 SOTU Address
2933:2003 SOTU Address
2926:2002 SOTU Address
2841:Executive actions
2762:Email controversy
2512:Eric Lichtblau,
2282:on March 3, 2016.
2167:. 17 January 2006
1988:National Archives
1964:National Archives
1634:February 5, 2006.
1612:The Secret Sharer
1458:Mass surveillance
1259:On May 22, 2006,
1051:According to the
1029:December 16, 2005
984:On May 10, 2006,
980:NSA call database
786:
785:
16:(Redirected from
4798:
4743:
4742:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4722:
4704:
4703:
4694:
4693:
4649:Targeted killing
4438:Iraqi insurgency
4358:Enduring Freedom
4351:
4310:Jemaah Islamiyah
4305:Jaish-e-Mohammed
4194:
4111:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4032:
4021:
4012:
3995:
3988:
3979:
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2907:
2899:
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2878:Obama transition
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2848:Executive orders
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2769:Shoeing incident
2764:
2757:
2750:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2676:2nd inauguration
2671:
2669:1st inauguration
2664:
2654:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2610:
2548:
2547:
2529:
2523:
2522:, March 29, 2006
2510:
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2464:January 18, 2006
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2010:
2009:
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1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1540:
1493:Utah Data Center
1401:criminal statute
1320:Church committee
1312:Project Shamrock
1209:February 5, 2006
1196:January 17, 2006
966:front group the
957:Fourth Amendment
940:Pen register tap
875:Alberto Gonzales
810:War on Terrorism
778:
771:
764:
746:
745:
734:
733:
715:
714:
703:
702:
691:
690:
679:
678:
658:
648:
638:
628:
618:
608:
598:
430:Wikimedia v. NSA
420:Klayman v. Obama
319:Safe Streets Act
51:
37:
30:
21:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4797:
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4795:
4751:
4750:
4749:
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4727:
4725:
4717:
4715:
4710:
4682:
4571:CIA black sites
4524:
4472:
4401:
4356:
4334:
4315:Lashkar-e-Taiba
4253:
4214:Anwar al-Awlaki
4209:Hamza bin Laden
4204:Osama bin Laden
4185:
4102:
4064:
4059:
4029:
4024:
4015:
4006:
3998:
3991:
3984:
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3809:
3802:
3793:
3786:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:Economic policy
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3618:
3611:
3604:Medicare Part D
3602:
3595:
3588:Disaster relief
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3549:
3542:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3409:9/11 Commission
3407:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:Domestic policy
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3261:Afghanistan War
3259:
3252:
3245:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:Slovakia summit
3178:
3173:Slovenia summit
3171:
3164:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3011:
3006:by Colin Powell
3004:
2997:
2990:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
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2746:
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2709:
2702:
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2688:
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2674:
2667:
2660:
2643:
2637:
2607:
2580:WhiteHouse.gov:
2556:
2551:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2511:
2507:
2500:Washington Post
2493:
2489:
2483:Wayback Machine
2474:
2470:
2458:January 5, 2006
2452:
2448:
2432:Wayback Machine
2423:
2419:
2410:
2408:
2405:
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2387:
2383:
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2344:
2342:
2340:Washington Post
2333:
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2328:
2322:Wayback Machine
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2297:
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2250:
2246:
2241:. pp. A01.
2232:
2231:
2227:
2210:
2199:
2198:
2194:
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2184:
2180:
2170:
2168:
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2135:
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2116:
2100:
2099:
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2057:
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2043:
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2018:
2017:
2013:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1911:. 14 April 2017
1903:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1873:Washington Post
1866:
1865:
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1792:Wayback Machine
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1717:
1705:
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1696:
1687:
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1679:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1650:The White House
1644:
1642:
1638:
1628:Washington Post
1626:
1622:
1610:
1606:
1597:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1442:
1379:Yale Law School
1359:
1353:
1316:Project Minaret
1277:
1271:
1248:
1213:On February 5,
1211:
1198:
1177:on January 10:
1161:
1159:January 3, 2006
1109:story said the
1099:
1097:January 1, 2006
1070:Scott McClellan
1031:
1026:
1017:
982:
976:
948:
942:
891:
782:
753:
752:
740:
728:
709:
697:
685:
673:
585:
577:
576:
562:
554:
553:
514:
506:
505:
491:
483:
482:
448:
440:
439:
425:ACLU v. Clapper
395:
387:
386:
367:
359:
358:
314:
306:
305:
65:
57:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4804:
4802:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4753:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4735:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4698:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4637:Situation Room
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4491:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4363:
4361:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4234:Khalil Haqqani
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4191:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4171:European Union
4168:
4163:
4161:United Kingdom
4158:
4153:
4148:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4117:
4115:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4085:
4075:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4035:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4013:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3915:
3907:
3905:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3849:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3779:Red Flags Rule
3775:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3717:
3703:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3632:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3584:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3348:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3289:2008 Iraq SOFA
3285:
3282:financial cost
3278:
3271:
3268:2002 Iraq AUMF
3264:
3257:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3176:
3166:Russia summits
3162:
3161:
3160:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3025:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3009:
2995:
2987:
2985:
2983:Foreign policy
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2900:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2613:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2574:New York Times
2567:
2564:New York Times
2555:
2554:External links
2552:
2550:
2549:
2542:Archived from
2524:
2519:New York Times
2505:
2487:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2459:
2446:
2417:
2394:
2388:Sarah Karush.
2381:
2375:Sarah Karush.
2368:
2362:John W. Dean,
2352:
2326:
2306:
2285:
2267:
2244:
2225:
2192:
2178:
2152:
2133:
2128:New York Times
2114:
2093:
2067:
2037:
2011:
1993:
1983:whitehouse.gov
1969:
1955:whitehouse.gov
1941:
1922:
1896:
1885:
1859:
1837:
1816:
1795:
1777:
1751:
1726:
1715:
1694:
1677:
1636:
1620:
1604:
1593:New York Times
1576:
1561:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1515:Edward Snowden
1512:
1507:
1505:William Binney
1501:
1500:
1499:Whistleblowers
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1441:
1438:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1355:Main article:
1352:
1349:
1273:Main article:
1270:
1267:
1262:Wired Magazine
1247:
1244:
1210:
1207:
1202:New York Times
1197:
1194:
1166:Democracy Now!
1160:
1157:
1139:and publisher
1133:New York Times
1122:James B. Comey
1098:
1095:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1024:News reporting
1022:
1016:
1013:
978:Main article:
975:
972:
944:Main article:
941:
938:
908:New York Times
890:
887:
855:George W. Bush
784:
783:
781:
780:
773:
766:
758:
755:
754:
751:
750:
738:
725:
724:
720:
719:
707:
695:
683:
670:
669:
663:
662:
652:
642:
632:
622:
612:
602:
591:
590:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:
575:
574:
569:
563:
560:
559:
556:
555:
552:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
515:
512:
511:
508:
507:
504:
503:
498:
492:
489:
488:
485:
484:
481:
480:
478:Edward Snowden
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
453:William Binney
449:
447:Whistleblowers
446:
445:
442:
441:
438:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
396:
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:
384:
379:
374:
368:
365:
364:
361:
360:
357:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
315:
312:
311:
308:
307:
304:
303:
298:
292:
291:
287:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
240:
239:
235:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
208:
207:
203:
202:
201:
200:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
159:
158:
154:
153:
147:
146:
142:
141:
135:
134:
130:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
98:
97:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
71:
70:
66:
63:
62:
59:
58:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4803:
4792:
4791:War on terror
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4734:
4733:United States
4724:
4720:
4707:
4699:
4697:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4546:Bush Doctrine
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4494:Torture Memos
4492:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4331:
4330:Islamic State
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4166:United States
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4090:(2003–2011) (
4089:
4086:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4062:War on terror
4056:
4051:
4049:
4044:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3901:Environmental
3898:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:Bush tax cuts
3704:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:War on terror
3244:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2992:Bush Doctrine
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2811:controversies
2808:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2797:Harriet Miers
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2472:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2418:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1923:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1886:
1874:
1870:
1863:
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1643:White House:
1640:
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1476:
1474:
1473:Family Jewels
1471:
1469:
1466:
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1325:
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1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:Richard Nixon
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
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1276:
1268:
1266:
1264:
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1257:
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1154:
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1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:John Ashcroft
1112:
1108:
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1096:
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1088:
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1079:
1074:
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981:
974:Call database
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849:
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840:
835:
834:James Bamford
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
812:. The NSA, a
811:
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589:United States
588:
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584:Collaboration
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568:
565:
564:
558:
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550:
547:
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529:Mail tracking
527:
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72:
68:
67:
61:
60:
55:
50:
46:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
4786:Surveillance
4660:
4653:
4636:
4541:Axis of evil
4519:
4357:
4229:Anas Haqqani
4107:Participants
4016:
4007:
3457:
3231:Phoenix Memo
3150:Space policy
2912:Axis of evil
2804:Samuel Alito
2790:John Roberts
2597:
2544:the original
2537:
2527:
2517:
2508:
2498:
2490:
2471:
2449:
2439:
2420:
2409:. Retrieved
2397:
2384:
2371:
2343:. Retrieved
2339:
2329:
2309:
2298:. Retrieved
2288:
2280:the original
2270:
2258:. Retrieved
2247:
2238:
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2195:
2181:
2169:. Retrieved
2164:
2155:
2146:
2136:
2127:
2117:
2106:
2096:
2084:. Retrieved
2079:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2054:the original
2049:
2040:
2028:. Retrieved
2023:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1981:
1972:
1960:the original
1953:
1944:
1935:
1925:
1913:. Retrieved
1908:
1899:
1888:
1876:. Retrieved
1872:
1862:
1854:the original
1849:
1840:
1829:. Retrieved
1827:. Volokh.com
1819:
1808:. Retrieved
1806:. David Corn
1804:"David Corn"
1798:
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1743:. Retrieved
1739:
1729:
1718:
1709:
1697:
1654:. Retrieved
1649:
1639:
1627:
1623:
1607:
1596:. Retrieved
1592:
1571:Geo. Mason L
1570:
1564:
1552:. Retrieved
1548:The Atlantic
1547:
1538:
1445:
1406:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1375:
1360:
1328:
1301:
1278:
1260:
1258:
1251:
1249:
1246:May 22, 2006
1226:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1201:
1199:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1171:Russell Tice
1164:
1162:
1148:
1144:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1092:
1089:
1085:
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1052:
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1034:
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985:
983:
961:
959:protection.
949:
946:Pen register
918:
911:
907:
900:
892:
880:
871:
865:mandated by
852:
843:
837:
825:
789:
787:
458:Thomas Drake
435:US v. Moalin
410:Jewel v. NSA
366:Institutions
264:TRAFFICTHIEF
197:
42:surveillance
4488:Patriot Act
4239:Hafiz Saeed
4197:Individuals
4176:Philippines
4131:Afghanistan
4114:Operational
3521:Real ID Act
3493:No Fly List
3444:Patriot Act
3360:Amber alert
3113:South Korea
2642:(2001–2009)
2592:‹ The
2539:Wash. Spec.
2256:. USA Today
2171:January 17,
1766:. USA Today
1525:Thomas Tamm
1351:Controversy
1308:Vietnam War
1306:during the
1137:Bill Keller
889:Description
848:Bill Binney
824:. In 2005,
822:U.S. person
490:Publication
468:Thomas Tamm
400:ACLU v. NSA
339:Patriot Act
313:Legislation
173:Trailblazer
27:NSA program
4755:Categories
4639:photograph
4285:Boko Haram
4280:Al-Shabaab
4275:Abu Sayyaf
4092:Withdrawal
4082:Withdrawal
2662:Transition
2441:The Nation
2411:2013-06-06
2300:2006-05-27
1831:2013-06-06
1810:2013-06-06
1745:2013-06-06
1656:2009-12-10
1616:Jane Mayer
1598:2006-05-28
1531:References
1483:ThinThread
1463:COINTELPRO
1433:Chip Pitts
1425:David Kris
1336:injunction
1004:Bell South
844:New Yorker
463:Mark Klein
206:Since 2007
178:Turbulence
157:Since 2001
145:Since 1998
133:Since 1990
122:ThinThread
96:Since 1978
4355:Operation
4347:Conflicts
3423:criticism
3254:2001 AUMF
3106:Singapore
3043:Australia
2214:cite news
1520:Russ Tice
1421:John Dean
1227:USA Today
1153:Russ Tice
987:USA Today
916:article.
913:USA Today
667:Five Eyes
519:Cablegate
473:Russ Tice
274:XKeyscore
254:Main Core
222:Stateroom
168:STORMBREW
139:RAMPART-A
117:Main Core
4745:Politics
4696:Category
4616:Islamism
4556:Cold War
4481:Policies
4433:Iraq War
4265:al-Qaeda
4258:Factions
4181:Ethiopia
4156:Pakistan
4088:Iraq War
3275:Iraq War
3064:Colombia
2888:Speeches
2683:Timeline
2649:Timeline
2594:template
2479:Archived
2428:Archived
2318:Archived
1915:18 April
1909:CBS News
1788:Archived
1665:cite web
1554:18 April
1440:See also
1385:and the
1345:standing
1287:(FISA);
1253:Newsweek
1232:AT&T
1175:ABC News
996:AT&T
964:al-Qaeda
953:metadata
896:al Qaeda
818:al Qaeda
610:CYBERCOM
572:Metadata
561:Concepts
394:Lawsuits
296:MUSCULAR
269:DISHFIRE
217:Dropmire
183:Genoa II
112:FAIRVIEW
85:SHAMROCK
69:Pre-1978
64:Programs
4719:Portals
4706:Commons
4529:Related
4320:Taliban
4190:Targets
3078:Morocco
3050:Bahrain
2827:Cabinet
2820:Pardons
2739:2008–09
2596:below (
2345:May 20,
2260:May 20,
1878:May 20,
1770:May 20,
1310:(i.e.,
1000:Verizon
923:of the
792:was an
513:Related
301:Tempora
279:ICREACH
259:MAINWAY
244:PINWALE
227:Bullrun
163:OAKSTAR
107:BLARNEY
80:MINARET
75:ECHELON
4496:(2002)
4490:(2001)
3903:policy
3416:report
3143:PEPFAR
3092:Panama
2906:(2001)
2898:(2001)
2086:May 8,
2060:May 8,
2030:May 8,
1411:, the
1291:; and
1283:; the
1240:Sprint
1238:, and
1002:, and
929:Senate
567:SIGINT
249:MARINA
232:MYSTIC
90:PROMIS
4406:Other
3643:award
3057:Chile
2406:(PDF)
2165:Slate
1850:Wired
1706:(PDF)
1396:Every
1149:Times
1145:Times
1126:Times
1107:Times
1053:Times
1008:Qwest
883:PRISM
723:Other
212:PRISM
127:Genoa
4678:CAGE
4151:NATO
4141:Iraq
4121:ISAF
3099:Peru
3085:Oman
2732:2007
2725:2006
2718:2005
2711:2004
2704:2003
2697:2002
2690:2001
2347:2010
2262:2010
2220:link
2173:2006
2088:2024
2062:2024
2032:2024
1917:2017
1880:2010
1772:2010
1671:link
1556:2015
1429:FISC
1407:The
1329:The
1131:The
1039:Bush
927:and
788:The
736:DGSE
717:GCSB
693:GCHQ
681:CSEC
372:FISC
334:ECPA
329:FISA
2434:by
2080:CBS
2050:NBC
1236:MCI
836:'s
748:BND
705:ASD
660:IAO
650:DHS
640:CIA
630:FBI
620:DOJ
600:CSS
4757::
2572:,
2562:,
2536:.
2516:,
2497:,
2438:,
2355:^
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2237:.
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2163:.
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2078:.
2048:.
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1952:.
1934:.
1907:.
1871:.
1848:.
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1738:.
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1680:^
1667:}}
1663:{{
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2111:.
2090:.
2064:.
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1990:.
1966:.
1938:.
1919:.
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1813:.
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1573:.
1558:.
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