689:(reigned 1124â1153). He was closely associated with the royal household for decades, his own descendants forming the landowning dynasties variously known as Uviet(h)s, Eviot(h)s, and Ovioths, with certain lines enduring to the 17th century. Barrows theorises that Uviet the White originally entered Scotland as a companion of Duncan II and that the two shared a similar background, as ambitious knights in the court of William II. His continued support for Duncan's half-brothers points to them inheriting whatever circle of supporters Duncan had formed.
594:
319:, younger brother to Robert. His father, who by then had many sons, appears to have made no effort to obtain Duncan's return. Edward, the eldest paternal half-brother of Duncan, had been designated as heir in his absence. Duncan notably chose to stay with his adoptive culture, partly due to the influence of 15 years of Norman life and partly in pursuit of personal wealth and glory, though he may always have had in mind that one day he would become Scotland's king, like his father and grandfather.
358:(Domnall BĂĄn mac Donnchada), younger brother of Malcolm, to seize the throne. The new monarch represented the interests of "a resentful native aristocracy", driving out the Anglo-Saxons and Normans who had come to the court of Malcolm and Margaret. The event allowed Duncan to lay claim to the throne, attempting to depose his uncle. He had the support of William II, in exchange for an oath of fealty to his patron.
394:, who had ties to the regime of his predecessor. Duncan took advantage, negotiating alliances with these disgruntled supporters of his father's and gaining essential military and financial support for his cause. While William II himself had no intention to join in the campaign, he lent part of the Norman army to the new "warrior-prince". Duncan was able to recruit further
292:, Malcolm submitted to William for Malcolm's lands in England (Cambria and Northumbria) but not for Scotland. Though the facts are not clear, one of the conditions of the agreement may have been that Edgar Ătheling leave the Scottish court. The offering of Duncan, Malcolm's eldest son, as hostage was probably another term of the treaty.
441:
Sending away his support troops soon backfired. The
Lowlands rebels seem to have ceased their activities, but Donald had spent the intervening months rebuilding his army and political support. In November 1094, Donald led his army to the Lowlands and confronted his nephew. On 12 November, Duncan was
261:, the last remaining male member of the English royal family, had fled to Scotland in 1068, seeking protection from the invading Normans. Edgar sought Malcolm's assistance in his struggle against William. The relationship was reinforced when Malcolm married Ătheling's sister, Margaret, in 1071. The
535:. The lack of conflict between Donald III and Magnus III might point to an alliance between them â Magnus offering recognition of Donald's rights to the throne, while Donald would withdraw all Scottish claims to the area. Duncan himself was obviously supported by
576:
managed to hold onto the throne until the 13th century precisely because none of them made the same mistake. He points out that Edgar succeeded in holding the throne for a decade because he continued to depend on aid from his political patrons, William II and
437:
rose against the
Normans. The occupation army fared poorly against a series of ongoing raids. Duncan was only able to maintain the throne by negotiating with the rebels. He agreed to their terms, sending most of his foreign supporters back to William.
546:, only managed to gain the throne due to the intervention of William II, his claims again opposed by most of the Gaels. The effects of Edgar's victory were significant, as Anglo-Saxon laws, institutions, and forms of government were adopted in the
233:
calls Duncan an illegitimate son of
Malcolm III. This account influenced a number of Medieval commentators, who also dismissed Duncan as an illegitimate son. However, this claim is propaganda reflecting the need of Malcolm's descendants by
454:
report that "Donnchad son of Mael Coluim, king of
Scotland, was treacherously killed by his own brothers Domnall and Edmond". As Duncan had no brothers by those names, the text probably points to his uncle Donald and half-brother
432:
The continued presence of a foreign occupation army was naturally resented by much of the local population. Duncan himself had spent most of his life abroad, making him an outsider. Months into his reign, landowners and
519:
who had arrived in
Scotland under the reign of Malcolm III. The descendants of Malcolm were Anglo-Saxons "in all respects, except that of birth". Their claim to power would be alarming at best to the Gaels.
2071:
568:. Hudson feels that Duncan II doomed his own reign by the "fatal move" of sending away his foreign troops, thus divesting himself of his own supporters. He feels that the male-line descendants of
221:, which records the marriage of Malcolm and Ingibiorg, and then mentions "their son was Duncan, King of Scots, father of William". Duncan II got his name from that of his grandfather,
1495:
413:. Donald mobilized his own supporters and troops in response. The early phase of the war took place in June, resulting in victory for Duncan. Donald was forced to retreat towards the
503:
viewed the conflict between Donald III and Duncan II as being essentially a conflict between "the Celtic and the Saxon laws of succession". In other words, it was a conflict between
542:
The brief reign of Duncan II, culminating with his death at the hands of his own subjects, attests to his unpopularity. He was a usurper in the eyes of the Gaels. His half-brother
354:. Edward was mortally wounded in the same fight. Malcolm's queen Margaret died days after receiving the news of their deaths from her son Edgar. The resulting power vacuum allowed
2064:
284:
and
Malcolm's forays in northern England were an obvious threat to William who counter-attacked with a full-scale invasion of southern Scotland in 1072. Malcolm met William in
481:(14th century) finally recorded the better known account of the event, that Duncan was "slain at Monthechin by the Earl of Mernys ... through the wiles of his uncle Donald".
2057:
295:
Duncan was raised in the Anglo-Norman court of
William I, becoming familiar with the culture, education, and institutions of his hosts. He was trained as a Norman
2849:
634:, in view of the market place, after a proclamation by the public crier. Her head was struck against the column of the market cross, and her brains dashed out
1488:
2854:
2839:
277:. In 1070, possibly claiming he was redressing the wrongs against his brother-in-law, Malcolm responded with a "savage raid" of Northern England.
1481:
442:
ambushed and killed in battle, having reigned for less than seven months. Primary sources are unclear about the exact manner of his death. The
253:
note that the "French went into
Scotland and brought away the son of the king of Scotland as hostage" (by French, the text is referring to the
2859:
1304:
1206:
511:, Donald being the legitimate heir under the former, Duncan and his brothers under the latter. Donald probably derived his support from the
705:" and those nobles refusing to swear allegiance to him. Buchanan assesses Duncan as a distinguished and experienced military man, but "
515:
of
Scotland, who formed the majority of the population. His supporters would have had reason to feel threatened by the large number of
401:
By 1094, Duncan was leading a sizeable army, consisting of mercenary knights and infantry. Many of these soldiers probably came from
1365:
1343:
1286:
1265:
1246:
1228:
1188:
1158:
1140:
1119:
1101:
1068:
367:
122:
477:(1867), there is a 13th century entry recording that Duncan was killed by MĂĄel Petair (Malpeder), through the treachery of Donald.
1376:
225:. However, Ingibiorg is never mentioned by primary sources written by Scottish and English chroniclers. She might have been a
406:
371:
2829:
2731:
2694:
2017:
285:
630:
he same Mac-William's daughter, who had not long left her mother's womb, innocent as she was, was put to death, in the
2456:
1828:
1093:
801:
Poole, From
Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087â1216; 2nd ed. (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 265.
2445:
2387:
1818:
1767:
450:, was slain by Domnall , son of Donnchadh . That same Domnall, moreover, afterwards took the kingship of Alba." The
2741:
2419:
1793:
1512:
573:
398:
from local barons and towns of England. He bought support with promises of land and privilege, estates and titles.
262:
235:
2844:
2736:
2531:
2476:
2084:
1908:
1848:
1747:
1504:
1455:
447:
190:
1712:
2537:
2526:
2232:
2088:
2080:
1913:
1903:
351:
1697:
1677:
460:
620:. William seems to have served as an acknowledged heir to them for part of their reigns. His descendants the
2506:
2501:
2486:
2461:
2168:
1883:
1878:
1858:
1833:
1657:
1335:
682:
678:
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543:
194:
31:
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2451:
2323:
2158:
2012:
1952:
1893:
1873:
1863:
1838:
1823:
1465:
1448:
647:. Among the witnesses of the charter was someone called "Uuiget". The name is probably a rendering of the
602:
582:
355:
624:
led various revolts against later Scottish kings. The last remaining Meic Uilleim, an infant daughter of
2675:
2585:
2565:
2434:
2424:
2414:
2293:
2288:
2261:
2222:
2217:
1997:
1967:
1947:
1808:
1798:
1788:
738:
536:
470:
466:
316:
308:
246:
239:
230:
198:
166:
2394:
2380:
2132:
1772:
1762:
311:, Robert released Duncan from custody and had him officially knighted. Duncan was allowed to leave the
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2600:
2590:
2580:
2553:
2471:
2328:
2283:
2273:
2267:
2256:
2250:
2200:
1992:
1982:
1972:
1962:
1942:
1931:
1919:
1843:
1647:
1313:
532:
524:
500:
443:
222:
593:
484:
There are two contradictory accounts about the burial place of Duncan II. One reports him buried at
2680:
2633:
2575:
2511:
2308:
2298:
2278:
2244:
2002:
1957:
1888:
1005:
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551:
547:
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379:
339:
289:
202:
134:
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2355:
2303:
2227:
2036:
2032:
2007:
1637:
1592:
656:
578:
456:
414:
390:
Donald III had been unable to gain the support of certain landowners and church officials of the
322:
In 1092, hostilities between Malcolm III and William II were ongoing. William managed to capture
1041:
Seventh Book, chapter 19â20: Donaldus VIII, surnamed Banus, the 87th King - Duncan the 88th King
919:
Annals of Inisfallen, AI1094.4. Online translation, published by the Corpus of Electronic Texts
2350:
2211:
2163:
1537:
1361:
1339:
1300:
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1261:
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485:
391:
335:
323:
312:
258:
129:
111:
1024:
973:
867:
814:
299:
and participated in William's campaigns. In 1087, William died, and his eldest surviving son
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2658:
2548:
2521:
2373:
2205:
2125:
2118:
1937:
1898:
1757:
1692:
1419:
1404:
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451:
304:
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146:
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considers Duncan to have been summoned to Scotland by its people, as Donald had alienated "
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2408:
2238:
2190:
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2174:
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1577:
1216:
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178:
2049:
1317:
1040:
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2648:
2605:
2559:
2344:
1987:
1532:
478:
331:
257:). The context of this event was the initial conflict between Malcolm III and William.
206:
17:
1133:
The Irish Identity of the Kingdom of the Scots in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries
2823:
1542:
1353:
1327:
1077:
652:
555:
426:
1151:
The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature: From Columba to the Union (until 1707)
2786:
2543:
1925:
1602:
1274:
1128:
621:
562:
The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature: From Columba to the Union, until 1707
516:
395:
47:
2138:
1702:
1393:
673:
argues that this "Uuiget" is actually Uviet the White, lord of Treverlen (modern
469:
later reported that Duncan was "murdered by the wickedness of his uncle Donald".
2791:
2776:
2361:
1682:
1662:
1622:
1587:
1473:
674:
648:
523:
Skene considered that two foreign rulers played their own part in the conflict.
422:
402:
266:
226:
156:
2766:
2756:
2746:
2333:
2195:
1732:
1687:
1632:
1617:
1612:
1557:
1385:
1221:
The Prophecy of BerchĂĄn: Irish and Scottish Highkings in the early Middle Ages
326:, a major settlement of Cumbria. In 1093, William started the construction of
65:
1063:, vol. 1 (Reprinted with corrections ed.), Stamford: Paul Watkins,
2781:
2751:
2338:
2313:
1727:
1722:
1652:
1642:
1607:
1567:
1547:
918:
664:
663:. There was at least one notable landowner of that name in the 11th century
528:
2439:
1813:
2771:
2318:
2143:
1707:
1672:
1667:
1627:
1582:
1562:
1552:
1527:
504:
410:
1258:
Outlaws of Medieval Scotland: Challenges to the Canmore Kings, 1058â1266
703:
all good men who had a veneration for the memory of Malcolm and Margaret
2689:
2595:
1977:
1737:
1597:
1572:
1522:
1400:
1085:
434:
343:
274:
270:
269:. Malcolm probably perceived this move as a threat to his own areas of
254:
141:
2481:
2429:
2153:
2148:
1853:
1803:
631:
612:, was a prominent figure during the reigns of Duncan's half-brothers
473:
reported that Duncan was killed, but never states who killed him. In
421:, but his support and authority probably did not extend north of the
296:
281:
346:
on 13 November 1093. There he was killed by Arkil Morel, steward of
1297:
Gothic Kings of Britain: The Lives of 31 Medieval Rulers, 1016â1399
1112:
Anglo-Norman Studies XXV: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2002
2401:
1777:
1717:
709:", he angered his people with his arrogant and imperious manner.
592:
512:
741:
say he "was slain with his son in an unguarded moment in battle".
2185:
941:
939:
489:
2053:
1477:
1181:
The Kingship of the Scots 842â1292: Succession and Independence
1374:
Duncan, A.A.M. (2004). "Duncan II (b. before 1072, d. 1094)".
550:. All were "in imitation of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms", before
409:. In the early summer, Duncan led his army in an invasion of
707:
being a military man and not so skilful in the arts of peace
539:, who lent him "a numerous army of English and Normans".
425:. His continued power was reliant on the presence of his
265:
also involved William securing control over the areas of
280:
The formal link between the royal house of Scotland and
628:
or one of his sons, was put to death in 1229 or 1230: "
898:
896:
894:
892:
651:"Wulfgeat", which was also rendered as "Uviet" in the
334:. While marching north again, Malcolm was ambushed by
1110:
Barrow, G.W.S. (2003), "Companions of the Atheling",
838:
836:
677:). Uviet is known for also signing charters of Kings
459:, though later texts identify a noble by the name of
238:
to undermine the claims of Duncan's descendants, the
1016:
1014:
1746:
1511:
597:Duncan II as portrayed in a series of portraits at
405:, reflecting the familial association of Duncan to
162:
152:
140:
128:
118:
106:
91:
83:
79:
71:
61:
53:
46:
41:
531:, attempting to establish his authority over the
229:or have a marriage not recognized by the Church.
859:
857:
855:
639:The sole surviving charter of Duncan II granted
330:. Malcolm reacted by leading his last raid into
217:The identity of Duncan's mother is given by the
1061:Early Sources of Scottish History A.D. 500â1286
197:(MĂĄel Coluim mac Donnchada) and his first wife
2065:
1489:
655:. The name seems to have been popular in the
446:report that "Donnchadh son of Mael Coluim ,
8:
1380:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
957:
945:
779:
777:
581:, who had resources far surpassing those of
2632:Monarchs of England and Scotland after the
2809:Debated or disputed rulers are in italics.
2708:
2624:
2102:
2097:
2072:
2058:
2050:
1496:
1482:
1474:
1410:
38:
1360:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
1183:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
643:and its surrounding area to the monks of
1299:, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland,
1036:
1001:
883:
768:
1377:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
753:
718:
1082:Kingship and Unity, Scotland 1000â1306
1020:
989:
930:
902:
863:
842:
810:
760:
564:includes a history of the Kingship by
527:and his fleet were campaigning at the
342:, whose lands he had devastated, near
969:
783:Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, p. 606.
764:
245:Duncan was given into the keeping of
30:"Duncan II" redirects here. See also
7:
2850:Scottish people of Norwegian descent
985:
879:
1279:David I: The King Who Made Scotland
792:Horspool, The English Rebel, p. 10.
463:(Malpeder) as the actual murderer.
374:. The marriage is recorded in the
189:; c. 1060 â 12 November 1094) was
25:
1332:Anglo-Saxon England Third Edition
475:Chronicle of the Picts and Scots
315:. He chose to join the court of
2109:Monarchs of Scotland until 1603
1403:at the official website of the
1322:, Stirling, Scotland: E. Mackay
1260:, East Linton: Tuckwell Press,
554:(reigned 1124â1153) introduced
378:. They had a single known son,
2855:11th-century Scottish monarchs
2840:11th-century murdered monarchs
2106:Monarchs of England until 1603
1223:, Greenwood Publishing Group,
1174:(English translation ed.)
1153:, Edinburgh University Press,
372:Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria
1:
1505:Pictish and Scottish monarchs
1316:; MacBain, Alexander (1902),
728:is the Mediaeval Gaelic form.
558:institutions to the country.
417:. Duncan was crowned king at
2860:Burials at Dunfermline Abbey
1394:UK public library membership
1256:McDonald, R. Andrew (2003),
183:Donnchadh mac Mhaoil Chaluim
2716:British monarchs after the
1319:The Highlanders of Scotland
1094:University of Toronto Press
988:, pp. 60, 71, 73â74.;
608:Duncan's son by Ethelreda,
488:, the other at the isle of
2876:
1295:Potter, Philip J. (2009),
1237:Huscroft, Richard (2004).
263:Norman conquest of England
249:in 1072 as a hostage. The
29:
2804:
2727:
2711:
2707:
2644:
2627:
2623:
2100:
2096:
2026:
1462:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1413:
1172:Rerum Scoticarum Historia
1004:, p. 46 quoting the
828:Ruling England, 1042â1217
685:(reigned 1107â1124), and
57:May 1094â12 November 1094
1358:The Kingdom of the Scots
1239:Ruling England 1052â1216
1197:Horspool, David (2009).
1149:Brown, Ian, ed. (2007),
958:Skene & MacBain 1902
946:Skene & MacBain 1902
726:Donnchad mac MaĂl Coluim
368:Ethelreda of Northumbria
175:Donnchad mac MĂĄel Coluim
123:Ethelreda of Northumbria
1336:Oxford University Press
1179:Duncan, A.A.M. (2002),
1135:, Woodbridge: Boydell,
544:Edgar, King of Scotland
32:Duncan II, Earl of Fife
18:Donnchad II of Scotland
1513:Monarchs of the Picts
605:
356:Donald III of Scotland
1748:Monarchs of the Scots
1415:Duncan II of Scotland
1386:10.1093/ref:odnb/8210
1314:Skene, William Forbes
739:Annals of Innisfallen
681:(reigned 1097â1107),
596:
537:William II of England
471:Florence of Worcester
467:William of Malmesbury
461:MĂĄel Petair of Mearns
317:William II of England
309:Florence of Worcester
247:William the Conqueror
231:William of Malmesbury
199:Ingibiorg Finnsdottir
167:Ingibiorg Finnsdottir
2686:William III & II
2251:Henry the Young King
2201:Edward the Confessor
2169:Ăthelred the Unready
1829:Constantine III (IV)
1794:Constantine II (III)
585:and his supporters.
533:Kingdom of the Isles
525:Magnus III of Norway
501:William Forbes Skene
444:Annals of Inisfallen
223:Duncan I of Scotland
27:King of Alba in 1094
2830:11th-century births
2634:Union of the Crowns
1859:Malcolm III Canmore
1241:. London: Longman.
1217:Hudson, Benjamin T.
1201:. London: Penguin.
1006:Lanercost Chronicle
886:, pp. 114â115.
882:, pp. 37â38.;
771:, pp. 117â119.
610:William fitz Duncan
548:Kingdom of Scotland
509:hereditary monarchy
427:Anglo-Norman allies
380:William fitz Duncan
340:Earl of Northumbria
290:Treaty of Abernethy
288:. In the resulting
203:Thorfinn Sigurdsson
135:William fitz Duncan
2718:Acts of Union 1707
2681:James II & VII
2374:Kenneth I MacAlpin
2159:Edgar the Peaceful
1932:Second Interregnum
1899:William I the Lion
1768:Constantine I (II)
1758:Kenneth I MacAlpin
1281:, Stroud: Tempus,
1057:Anderson, Alan Orr
763:, pp. 54â55;
606:
579:Henry I of England
415:Scottish Highlands
2817:
2816:
2800:
2799:
2703:
2702:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2164:Edward the Martyr
2047:
2046:
1920:First Interregnum
1472:
1471:
1463:Succeeded by
1392:(Subscription or
1306:978-0-7864-4038-2
1208:978-0-670-91619-1
1199:The English Rebel
1114:, Boydell Press,
992:, pp. 59â60.
960:, pp. 83â84.
948:, pp. 82â83.
486:Dunfermline Abbey
392:Scottish Lowlands
352:Battle of Alnwick
336:Robert de Mowbray
313:Duchy of Normandy
303:succeeded him as
172:
171:
112:Dunfermline Abbey
16:(Redirected from
2867:
2845:House of Dunkeld
2709:
2669:Richard Cromwell
2659:The Protectorate
2649:James I & VI
2625:
2206:Harold Godwinson
2126:Edward the Elder
2119:Alfred the Great
2103:
2098:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2051:
2040:
2031:also monarch of
1498:
1491:
1484:
1475:
1446:Preceded by
1436:
1435:12 November 1094
1429:
1420:House of Dunkeld
1411:
1405:British monarchy
1397:
1389:
1370:
1349:
1323:
1309:
1291:
1270:
1252:
1233:
1212:
1193:
1175:
1168:Buchanan, George
1163:
1145:
1124:
1106:
1073:
1044:
1034:
1028:
1018:
1009:
999:
993:
983:
977:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
934:
928:
922:
916:
910:
900:
887:
877:
871:
861:
850:
840:
831:
824:
818:
808:
802:
799:
793:
790:
784:
781:
772:
758:
742:
735:
729:
723:
661:Southern England
452:Annals of Ulster
376:Cronicon CumbriĂŠ
305:Duke of Normandy
251:Annals of Ulster
193:. He was son of
185:; anglicised as
102:12 November 1094
101:
99:
39:
21:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2796:
2723:
2699:
2664:Oliver Cromwell
2640:
2615:
2610:
2457:Constantine III
2366:
2191:Harold Harefoot
2181:Edmund Ironside
2092:
2087: and
2078:
2048:
2043:
2030:
2022:
1749:
1742:
1698:Constantine (I)
1578:Galam Cennalath
1514:
1507:
1502:
1468:
1459:
1451:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1391:
1373:
1368:
1352:
1346:
1326:
1312:
1307:
1294:
1289:
1273:
1268:
1255:
1249:
1236:
1231:
1215:
1209:
1196:
1191:
1178:
1166:
1161:
1148:
1143:
1127:
1122:
1109:
1104:
1076:
1071:
1055:
1052:
1050:Further reading
1047:
1035:
1031:
1019:
1012:
1000:
996:
984:
980:
968:
964:
956:
952:
944:
937:
929:
925:
917:
913:
901:
890:
878:
874:
862:
853:
841:
834:
825:
821:
809:
805:
800:
796:
791:
787:
782:
775:
767:, p. 196;
759:
755:
751:
746:
745:
736:
732:
724:
720:
715:
699:George Buchanan
697:The history of
695:
671:G. W. S. Barrow
632:burgh of Forfar
599:Holyrood Palace
591:
566:Benjamin Hudson
498:
388:
386:Reign and death
366:Duncan married
364:
348:Bamburgh Castle
328:Carlisle Castle
307:. According to
301:Robert Curthose
219:Orkneyinga saga
215:
114:
97:
95:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2873:
2871:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2822:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2712:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2628:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2560:Edward Balliol
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2420:Constantine II
2417:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2348:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2247:
2242:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2212:Edgar Ătheling
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2101:
2094:
2093:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1478:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1441:Regnal titles
1438:
1437:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1398:
1371:
1366:
1354:Barrow, G.W.S.
1350:
1344:
1328:Stenton, Frank
1324:
1310:
1305:
1292:
1287:
1271:
1266:
1253:
1247:
1234:
1229:
1213:
1207:
1194:
1189:
1176:
1164:
1159:
1146:
1141:
1125:
1120:
1107:
1102:
1078:Barrow, G.W.S.
1074:
1069:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1029:
1010:
994:
978:
962:
950:
935:
923:
911:
888:
872:
851:
832:
819:
803:
794:
785:
773:
752:
750:
747:
744:
743:
730:
717:
716:
714:
711:
694:
691:
590:
587:
574:Saint Margaret
497:
496:Interpretation
494:
479:John of Fordun
387:
384:
370:, daughter of
363:
360:
332:Northumberland
259:Edgar Ătheling
214:
211:
207:earl of Orkney
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
108:
104:
103:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2872:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2533:
2532:Alexander III
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2388:Constantine I
2385:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:Alexander III
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1750:(traditional)
1745:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1543:Galan Erilich
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1515:(traditional)
1510:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1412:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1367:0-7486-1803-1
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1345:0-19-821716-1
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1288:0-7524-2825-X
1284:
1280:
1276:
1275:Oram, Richard
1272:
1269:
1267:1-86232-236-8
1263:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1248:0-582-84882-2
1244:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1230:0-313-29567-0
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1190:0-7486-1626-8
1186:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1160:9780748616152
1156:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1142:0-85115-375-5
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:Broun, Dauvit
1126:
1123:
1121:0-85115-941-9
1117:
1113:
1108:
1105:
1103:0-8020-6448-5
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1070:1-871615-03-8
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1038:
1037:Buchanan 1582
1033:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:McDonald 2003
998:
995:
991:
987:
982:
979:
975:
971:
966:
963:
959:
954:
951:
947:
942:
940:
936:
933:, p. 92.
932:
927:
924:
920:
915:
912:
908:
904:
899:
897:
895:
893:
889:
885:
884:Anderson 1990
881:
876:
873:
869:
865:
860:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
833:
829:
823:
820:
816:
812:
807:
804:
798:
795:
789:
786:
780:
778:
774:
770:
769:Anderson 1990
766:
762:
757:
754:
748:
740:
734:
731:
727:
722:
719:
712:
710:
708:
704:
700:
692:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:Domesday Book
650:
646:
642:
637:
635:
633:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
604:
600:
595:
588:
586:
584:
580:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
521:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
495:
493:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
462:
458:
453:
449:
445:
439:
436:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
385:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
361:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
237:
232:
228:
224:
220:
212:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
179:Modern Gaelic
176:
168:
165:
161:
158:
155:
151:
148:
145:
143:
139:
136:
133:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2808:
2787:Elizabeth II
2715:
2631:
2558:
2536:
2527:Alexander II
2496:
2444:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2354:
2343:
2266:
2249:
2237:
2210:
2173:
2131:
2124:
2117:
1930:
1918:
1904:Alexander II
1868:
1603:Gartnait III
1456:King of Alba
1454:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1375:
1357:
1331:
1318:
1296:
1278:
1257:
1238:
1220:
1198:
1180:
1171:
1150:
1132:
1111:
1081:
1060:
1032:
997:
981:
965:
953:
926:
914:
875:
827:
822:
806:
797:
788:
756:
733:
725:
721:
706:
702:
696:
669:
638:
629:
626:Gille Escoib
622:Meic Uilleim
607:
561:
560:
556:Anglo-Norman
541:
522:
517:Anglo-Saxons
499:
483:
474:
465:
448:king of Alba
440:
431:
400:
389:
375:
365:
321:
294:
279:
244:
240:Meic Uilleim
216:
191:King of Alba
186:
182:
174:
173:
48:King of Alba
36:
2835:1094 deaths
2792:Charles III
2777:Edward VIII
2507:Alexander I
2487:Malcolm III
2462:Kenneth III
2362:Elizabeth I
2324:Richard III
1884:Alexander I
1834:Kenneth III
1785:(uncertain)
1683:Talorgan II
1648:Nechtan III
1623:Gartnait IV
1588:Gartnait II
1023:, pp.
1021:Barrow 2003
990:Duncan 2002
972:, pp.
931:Hudson 1996
905:, pp.
903:Potter 2009
864:Barrow 1981
845:, pp.
843:Potter 2009
811:Barrow 1981
761:Duncan 2002
683:Alexander I
675:Duddingston
649:Old English
641:Tynninghame
601:ordered by
570:Malcolm III
423:River Forth
403:Northumbria
267:Northumbria
201:, widow of
195:Malcolm III
157:Malcolm III
62:Predecessor
2824:Categories
2767:Edward VII
2757:William IV
2747:George III
2676:Charles II
2571:Robert III
2517:Malcolm IV
2492:Donald III
2467:Malcolm II
2452:Kenneth II
2334:Henry VIII
2294:Richard II
2289:Edward III
2223:William II
2196:Harthacnut
2013:William II
1998:Charles II
1953:Robert III
1894:Malcolm IV
1874:Donald III
1864:Donald III
1839:Malcolm II
1824:Kenneth II
1733:Bridei VII
1688:Drest VIII
1633:Bridei III
1618:Talorgan I
1613:Talorc III
1593:Nechtan II
1558:Gartnait I
1466:Donald III
1449:Donald III
1396:required.)
1334:. Oxford:
970:Brown 2007
866:, p.
826:Huscroft,
813:, p.
765:Broun 1999
749:References
693:Reputation
603:Charles II
583:Donald III
407:Gospatrick
213:Early life
98:1094-11-12
75:Donald III
66:Donald III
2782:George VI
2752:George IV
2742:George II
2654:Charles I
2636:from 1603
2586:James III
2566:Robert II
2522:William I
2497:Duncan II
2425:Malcolm I
2415:Donald II
2339:Edward VI
2329:Henry VII
2314:Edward IV
2284:Edward II
2274:Henry III
2257:Richard I
2218:William I
2139:Ăthelstan
2003:James VII
1993:Charles I
1968:James III
1948:Robert II
1869:Duncan II
1799:Malcolm I
1789:Donald II
1728:Ciniod II
1723:Bridei VI
1703:Ăengus II
1653:Drest VII
1643:Bridei IV
1608:Bridei II
1568:Talorc II
1548:Drest III
1533:Nechtan I
1401:Duncan II
986:Oram 2004
880:Oram 2004
665:Yorkshire
614:Alexander
529:Irish Sea
350:, at the
286:Abernethy
227:concubine
187:Duncan II
72:Successor
42:Duncan II
2772:George V
2762:Victoria
2737:George I
2606:James VI
2591:James IV
2581:James II
2554:David II
2549:Robert I
2538:Margaret
2472:Duncan I
2381:Donald I
2319:Edward V
2309:Henry VI
2299:Henry IV
2279:Edward I
2245:Henry II
2144:Edmund I
2133:Ălfweard
2091:monarchs
2085:Scottish
1988:James VI
1973:James IV
1963:James II
1943:David II
1938:Robert I
1914:Margaret
1844:Duncan I
1763:Donald I
1708:Drest IX
1678:AlpĂn II
1673:Ciniod I
1668:Bridei V
1663:Ăengus I
1628:Drest VI
1583:Bridei I
1563:Cailtram
1553:Drest IV
1538:Drest II
1528:Talorc I
1356:(2003),
1330:(1971).
1277:(2004),
1219:(1996),
1170:(1582),
1131:(1999),
1080:(1981),
1059:(1990),
830:, p. 61.
657:Midlands
505:tanistry
435:prelates
411:Scotland
362:Marriage
324:Carlisle
236:Margaret
2690:Mary II
2596:James V
2576:James I
2512:David I
2477:Macbeth
2409:Eochaid
2304:Henry V
2239:Matilda
2233:Stephen
2228:Henry I
2089:British
2083:,
2081:English
2037:Ireland
2033:England
2008:Mary II
1978:James V
1958:James I
1889:David I
1849:Macbeth
1783:Eochaid
1738:Drest X
1658:AlpĂn I
1598:Cinioch
1573:Drest V
1523:Drest I
1428:c. 1060
1090:Buffalo
1086:Toronto
907:127â128
847:126â127
687:David I
552:David I
344:Alnwick
275:Lothian
271:Cumbria
255:Normans
147:Dunkeld
87:c. 1060
2601:Mary I
2482:Lulach
2446:AmlaĂb
2440:Cuilén
2430:Indulf
2356:Philip
2351:Mary I
2154:Eadwig
2149:Eadred
1854:Lulach
1819:AmlaĂb
1814:Cuilén
1804:Indulf
1693:Conall
1431:
1390:
1364:
1342:
1303:
1285:
1264:
1245:
1227:
1205:
1187:
1157:
1139:
1118:
1100:
1067:
645:Durham
589:Legacy
457:Edmund
396:levies
297:knight
282:Wessex
163:Mother
153:Father
119:Spouse
107:Burial
2502:Edgar
2402:Giric
2268:Louis
2175:Sweyn
1879:Edgar
1778:Giric
1718:Uurad
1638:Taran
1460:1094
1433:Died:
1426:Born:
1025:37â39
974:38â39
713:Notes
679:Edgar
618:David
513:Gaels
419:Scone
142:House
130:Issue
54:Reign
2732:Anne
2695:Anne
2688:and
2544:John
2353:and
2345:Jane
2262:John
2186:Cnut
2035:and
2018:Anne
1983:Mary
1926:John
1713:Uuen
1362:ISBN
1340:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1283:ISBN
1262:ISBN
1243:ISBN
1225:ISBN
1203:ISBN
1185:ISBN
1155:ISBN
1137:ISBN
1116:ISBN
1098:ISBN
1088:and
1065:ISBN
737:The
659:and
616:and
572:and
507:and
490:Iona
273:and
92:Died
84:Born
2435:Dub
2395:Ăed
1809:Dub
1773:Ăed
1382:doi
636:".
2826::
1338:.
1096:,
1092::
1084:,
1039:,
1013:^
938:^
891:^
868:31
854:^
835:^
815:30
776:^
667:.
492:.
429:.
382:.
338:,
242:.
209:.
205:,
181::
2073:e
2066:t
2059:v
2039:.
1497:e
1490:t
1483:v
1407:.
1388:.
1384::
1348:.
1251:.
1211:.
1043:.
1027:.
1008:.
976:.
921:.
909:.
870:.
849:.
817:.
177:(
100:)
96:(
34:.
20:)
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