Don Dunstan - Knowledge (XXG)

2101:, it had amassed information on tens of thousands of individuals and organisations. While such an operation troubled Dunstan and his government because of civil liberties concerns, the branch's apparent party-political bias was even more worrying. In particular, it held information files on Labor parliamentarians, communists, church leaders and trade unionists, and so-called "pink files" on gay community activists which dated from the time before homosexuality was decriminalised. Although only two Labor MPs, from both federal and state parliaments, did not have files, the branch held significantly fewer files relating to Liberal Party figures. Dunstan had known of the existence of the branch since 1970, but said that he had been assured by the police commissioner that its files were not systematically focused on left-wing political figures. 1426:, Labor campaigned heavily around its leader, and this resonated with voters; in surveys conducted in parts of the metropolitan area, 84% of respondents declared their approval of Dunstan. In a presidential-style election campaign, Hall and Dunstan journeyed across the state advocating their platforms, and the major issues were the leaders, the Playmander and the economy. Television saw its first major use in the election, and Dunstan, an astute public speaker, successfully mastered it. With his upbeat style, Dunstan also made an impact in the print media, which had long been a bastion of the LCL. Despite winning a 52% majority of the primary vote, and 54% of the two-party preferred count, Labor lost two seats, resulting in a hung parliament: the LCL and Labor each had 19 seats. Had 21 votes in the rural seat of 2240:, and was appointed the Director of Tourism. This sparked an outcry in South Australia due to the two states' traditional rivalry. For his part, Dunstan said he had yearned to be given a role in shaping and building the future of his native state, but that he had been snubbed for three years. He said that public figures in South Australia had told him his high profile and ability to overshadow others could have caused a loss of face to them, and thus his departure would be seen favourably by them, while Victoria's offer gave him an opportunity to be constructive. Dunstan was appointed to the Victorian Economic Development Corporation on 12 July 1983, resigning on 23 June 1986. Dunstan stayed in the Director of Tourism role until 1986, when he returned to Adelaide after falling out with the government of 2062:, a tribal delegation asked for the lands to be given to the traditional owners. Dunstan agreed to an investigation, and subsequently introduced the Pitjantjatjara Land Rights Bill. This bill proposed for a tribal body, the Anangu Pitjantjatjaraku, to take control of the NWAR and further lands after the claims were cleared by an independent tribunal. It also proposed to allow the body to decide mining proposals on the land and receive royalties. This aroused discontent among mining interests, but a bipartisan parliamentary committee endorsed the bill and it was tabled. However, Labor lost power before the bill was passed and although the new Liberal government said they would remove the mining restrictions, mass public rallies forced them to relent, and a 1890:(LM), which overtly branded itself as a semi-autonomous component within the LCL. Labor capitalised on the opposition divisions to secure an easy victory. They campaigned under the slogan "South Australia's Doing Well with Labor", while the LCL was hampered by infighting; many LCL candidates were claiming different leaders in their electoral material depending on their factional allegiance. The Labor Party won with 51.5% of the primary vote and secured a second consecutive majority government with 26 seats. It was only the second time a Labor government in South Australia had been re-elected for a second term, the first being the early 2137:

role. Increasing innuendo about Dunstan's private life, and allegations of corruption and economic mismanagement were worsened by Dunstan's self-righteous tendencies. The premier angrily denied claims that he was using government funds to build an opulent residence in Malaysia, as well as claims about his sexual lifestyle. He pre-emptively called a press conference on one occasion to denounce what he called "idiot rumours" and he further claimed that "reactionary forces" and "right-wing journalists" were engaged in a witchhunt against his "decent and responsible government".

1539: 2108:, and the report was placed in Dunstan's hands on 21 December 1977. It said the dossiers did exist and that they were "scandalously inaccurate, irrelevant to security purposes and outrageously unfair to hundreds, perhaps thousands, of loyal and worthy citizens". The report also noted that the files overwhelmingly focused on left-wing politicians and activists, and that Dunstan had been misled by the Police Commissioner, Harold Salisbury. After reviewing the findings, Dunstan sacked Salisbury in January and threatened to make the report public. 1584: 2361:, adjacent to Norwood. The family home was sold as two of the children were already studying in university. In 1974, the couple were finally divorced. Dunstan notes this period as being initially a "very bleak and lonely" time for him. In absence of his family, he made new friends and acquaintances. Friends living nearby would come to his apartment for conversation and good food – cooking was Dunstan's hobby. Dunstan bought another house in 1974, partially financed from a then-unpublished cookbook. In 1976, 1161:... I cannot separate it from the motives of those who put it forward. Since it is immoral, so are they." Such language, unusually aggressive by the prevailing standards, resulted in Dunstan's removal from the parliamentary chambers after he refused a request from the Speaker to retract his remark. The first parliamentarian to be expelled in years, Dunstan found himself on the front pages of newspapers for the first time. Nevertheless, he was not able to build up much of a profile in his first few years as 945:

as controversy broke out over whether he had improperly interfered with a judicial investigation. In addition, policy problems and unemployment began to mount, as well as unsubstantiated rumours of corruption and personal impropriety. The strain on Dunstan was increased by the death of his wife. His resignation from the premiership and politics in 1979 was abrupt after collapsing due to ill health, but he lived for another 20 years, remaining a vocal and outspoken campaigner for progressive social policy.

1497:" as Labor and Dunstan had demanded, they were still significant. Under the Playmander the lower house had 39 seats, 13 in Adelaide and 26 in the country. Hall's reforms expanded the lower house to 47 seats–28 in Adelaide and 19 in the country. While there was still a slight rural weighting (since Adelaide accounted for two-thirds of the state's population), with Adelaide now electing a majority of the legislature, historical results made a Labor win at the next election likely. 1914:. Negotiations were held with several multinational companies, but nothing eventuated. Legislation was passed to create a Land Commission and introduce urban land price controls. However, a bill to create "a right to privacy" was defeated in the upper house after protests from journalists, as was legislation to mandate refunds to consumers for returning beverage containers and therefore promote recycling. In 1975, Dunstan declared Australia's first legal nude bathing reserve. 6517: 1871: 1360: 1646: 1438: 67: 1066:, a Labor veteran supposedly muttered "how could that long-haired prick be a Labor man?" His peculiarities, such as his upper-class accent, were a target of derision by the working-class Labor old guard throughout his early political involvement. Dunstan funded his education by working in theatre and radio during his university years. He eventually graduated with a double degree, with arts majors in 2081:. As the remnants of the Playmander had been abolished, conditions were more favourable for Labor and they wanted to end their reliance on the casting vote of the speaker. The campaign proceeded smoothly and exploited the unpopularity of the federal Liberal government, using the jingle "Thank the Lord for South Australia". Labor won an absolute majority with 51.6% of the primary vote and 27 seats. 2335: 1717: 1702:

following a rally in opposition to the Vietnam War, which was broken up by police, although Dunstan had wanted the demonstrators to be able to close off the street. A royal commission was called into the police commissioner's disregard for Dunstan's orders, and resulted in legislation giving the government more control over the police; the commissioner then retired. The dress code for the

1040:(LCL) and handed out how-to-vote cards for the party at state elections. Dunstan later said of his involvement with the Liberals: "I do not call it snobbery to deride the Establishment in South Australia, I admit that I was brought up into it, and I admit that it gave me a pain." When asked of his roots, he said, "I'm a refugee from it and thank God for somewhere honest to flee to!" 1886:, hoping to gain a mandate to seek changes to the council. The LCL were badly disunited; the more liberal wing of the party under Hall joined Dunstan in wanting to introduce universal suffrage for the upper house, while the more conservative members of the LCL did not. The conservatives then decided to limit Hall's powers, resulting in his resignation and creation of the breakaway 1454:

LCL ended any realistic chance of Dunstan remaining premier, Dunstan did not immediately resign his commission, intending to force Hall and the LCL to demonstrate that they had support on the floor of the Assembly when it reconvened. He used the six weeks before the start of the new legislature to draw attention to malapportionment. Protests were held on 15 March in

1118: 1978:. The legislation sought to establish 47 electoral districts containing roughly equal numbers of voters (with a 10% tolerance). Redistributions were to be presided over by an independent boundaries commission. The bill passed with the support of the breakaway LM in the upper house – former Premier Steele Hall and his former Attorney-General 2225:, was released in November and sold out within a week. It alleged inappropriate use of government funds and a homosexual affair with a restaurateur, John Ceruto, in return for political favours. There was initial fanfare and speculation as to the authenticity of its claims; Dunstan dismissed the book as a "farrago of lies" in his 1981 memoirs, entitled 1943:

unexpected consequences: inflation, already high, increased markedly, and workers were still displeased with wages. The LCL, now known as the Liberal Party, had rebuilt after internal schism and had modernised to make themselves more appealing to the public. Having called an early election, Dunstan appealed to the electorate and pushed blame onto the

1292:... it was only cranks, long hairs, academics and do-gooders who wanted the change." However, Dunstan persisted in his efforts, and in 1965 it was removed from the Labor platform at their national conference; Dunstan personally took credit for the change. Whitlam later brought about the comprehensive end of the White Australia policy in 1973 as 1236: 1379:

to oversee development. Workers were given more rights and the bureaucracy of the education department was liberalised. Much of the reform was not necessarily radical and was primarily to "fill the gaps" that the previous LCL government had left. Despite a consistently higher statewide vote, Labor were consistently outnumbered 16–4 in the

1312:. However, his attempt to remove the different standards required of part and full-blooded Aboriginal people failed, as did his proposal to ensure that at least half of the members of the Aboriginal Affairs Board be Indigenous Australians. Despite the passage of the bill, restrictions remained in place and Dunstan questioned the policy of 1918: 1232:. The vote was split along party lines and was thus defeated, but Dunstan used the opportunity to attack the Playmander with much effect in the media, portraying the failed legislation as an unjust triumph of a malapportioned minority who had a vengeance mentality over an electorally repressed majority who wanted a humane outcome. 2318:. A year before his death, the ailing Dunstan decried Labor's economic rationalism in front of 5,000 at the Gough Whitlam Lecture. Regardless of the acclaim in which he was held during his decade in power, Dunstan was largely overlooked for honours after leaving office and largely ignored by the state's elite. He was appointed a 1907:. The LCL initially blocked both bills, stating that it would accept them only if modifications were made to the second one. Changes were conceded; unlike the House of Assembly, voting would not be compulsory and the preference system was to be slightly altered. Once the amendments were made, the legislation was passed. 1018:, and according to the school magazine, he "was the chief contributor to the success of the occasion". His academic strengths were in classical history and languages, and he disliked mathematics. He gained a reputation as a maverick. During this time, Dunstan did not board and lived in the seaside suburb of 1747:

cultural festivals and his appreciation of Asian art, and sought to build on cultural respect to create trade links with Asia. Dunstan's involvement in such cultural exchanges was also credited with generating strong support for Labor from ethnic and non-Anglo-Saxon immigrant communities, although it

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was relaxed during this period, the suit and tie was no longer seen as obligatory, and Dunstan himself caused media frenzy when he arrived at Parliament House in 1972 wearing pink shorts that ended above his knees. After his departure from public life he admitted that his sartorial statement may have

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in 1971 and the age of majority was lowered from 21 to 18. A Commissioner of Consumer Affairs was created, a demerit point system was introduced to penalise poor driving practices in an attempt to cut the road toll, and compensation for workers was improved. Police autonomy and powers were restricted

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easily, taking 27 seats compared with the LCL's 20. Although the share of the votes had been similar to 1968, the dilution of the Playmander had changed the share of the seats. As Labor had attained a majority of the popular vote for a long period, and because malapportionment had been largely ended,

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had little effect. The LCL campaigned heavily on Hall, while Dunstan promised sweeping social reform, artistic transformation and more community services. He said "We'll set a new standard of social advancement that the whole of Australia will envy. We believe South Australia can set the pace. It can

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were created. Strong restrictions on Aboriginal access to liquor were lifted. Women's working rights were granted under the mantra of "equal pay for work of equal value", and racial discrimination legislation was enacted. Town planning was codified in law, and the State Planning Authority was created

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From 1959 onwards, the LCL government clung to power with the support of two independents, as Labor gained momentum. Always at the forefront, Dunstan lambasted the government for perceived underspending on social welfare, education, health and the arts. Dunstan heavily promoted himself as a reformer.

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Amid the continuing uproar, Playford decided to grant clemency. The Royal Commission concluded that the guilty verdict was sound. Although a majority of those who spoke out against the handling of the matter (including Dunstan) thought Stuart was probably guilty, the events provoked heated and bitter

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to Australia. They married in 1949, and moved to Fiji. They returned to Adelaide in 1951 and settled in George Street, Norwood, with their young daughter, Bronwen. The family was forced to live in squalor for a number of years while Dunstan established his legal practice; during this time, they took

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There were initially no other major controversies for Dunstan, although the economy remained poor and the Redcliff complex was still in limbo, because an agreement with Dow was still to be finalised. The financial difficulties forced a freeze on public sector expansion and hospital developments, and

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Having been vocal in criticising Playford for sacrificing heritage to the march of development, Dunstan was prominent in protecting historic buildings from being bulldozed for high-rise office blocks. In 1972, the government intervened to purchase and thereby save Edmund Wright House on King William

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ex-servicemen and it was a personal goal of his to see an active and notable South Australian take on the role; Sir Mark Oliphant was uneventfully sworn in. Although the post is mostly ceremonial (with the exception of constitutional responsibilities), Oliphant brought energy to the role and he used

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Dunstan's first Premiership was eventful, with a steady stream of reform and attempts to end the depression. The latter half of 1967 saw the beginnings of a slight recovery, with unemployment dipping and industrial capacity steadying. The 1967–68 budget ran into deficit, allocating funds to energise

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and Minister of Community Welfare and Aboriginal Affairs. He was far and away the youngest member of the cabinet; he was the only minister under 50, and one of only three under 60. Dunstan had a major impact on Government policy as Attorney-General. Having only narrowly lost out on the leadership in

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Although Dunstan never publicly commented on his sexuality, it has been said that he "lived as a sexually liberated bisexual man". In 1986, he met his future partner, Steven Cheng, a post-graduate science student then in his twenties. Together, they opened a restaurant called "Don's Table" in 1994.

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was published – the first cookbook released by a serving Australian leader. More generally, Dunstan promoted a revolution in fine dining in the state. Encouraged by Dunstan's enthusiasm for multiculturalism, many new restaurants were opened by proprietors and the diversity of cuisine

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and of nuclear waste disposal. By the summer that followed Dunstan became extremely ill. When Parliament resumed, he collapsed on the floor of the House and was forced to use a walking stick; his doctor advised him that he required six months of rest to recover. The Liberal Opposition seized on the

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Towards the end of the year, political and media scrutiny of Dunstan began to grow, and he became uneasy in his dealings with the press. Soon after the Salisbury dismissal, he walked out of a stormy media conference after refusing to be drawn on the rumoured sacking of Seaman from the gubernatorial

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under Justice Mitchell, set up at the instigation of the Liberals, investigated the matter. It cleared the Dunstan Government of any error, and did not find that it had known about the Special Branch's activities earlier. Dunstan had sacked Salisbury for misleading Parliament about the existence of

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Labor government. It would be the first five-year-incumbent Labor government however. They also gained two more seats in the Legislative Council to have six of the twenty members. Labor entered the new term with momentum when a fortnight after the election, the LCL purged LM members from its ranks,

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took on most infrastructure portfolios: Marine and Harbours, and Public Works. Corcoran became the face of the Dunstan ministry in its relationship with the Labor caucus, with his ability to use his strong manner to settle disputes. Bert Shard became Health Minister, overseeing the construction and

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An economic depression had begun in South Australia after the Labor government gained office in 1965; unemployment went from the lowest in the country to the second highest, while immigration levels dropped. Labor was not responsible for the depression, although it initially did little to alleviate

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Many bills were watered down, but due to lack of public interest, outcry was minimal. In particular, the council blocked electoral reform legislation, paving the way for a probable LCL win at the next election. Such was Dunstan's pre-eminence during his term as Attorney-General that the cabinet was

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had 42,000 formal votes. He added colour and flair to debate in South Australian politics, changing the existing "gentlemanly" method of conducting parliamentary proceedings. He did not fear direct confrontation with the incumbent government and attacked it with vigour. Up to this point most of his

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to alleviate urban pressures in Adelaide, was abandoned when economic and population growth stalled, with much money and planning already invested. After four consecutive election wins, Dunstan's administration began to falter in 1978 following his dismissal of Police Commissioner Harold Salisbury,

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Political scientist Andrew Parkin said one of Dunstan's main achievements was to debunk the notion that state governments and parliaments lacked the ability to make significant changes with profound impacts. As evidence, he cited Dunstan's sweeping social reforms and the fact that many other state

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law was properly codified and defined as a crime within marriage for the first time in Australia. Shopping hours, previously the most restrictive in the nation, became the most open. Following a royal commission, Friday night shopping was introduced for the city and Thursday night shopping for the

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There was a degree of speculation in the press that Dunstan would call for a new election because of the adverse outcome. However, Dunstan realised the futility of such a move and instead sought to humiliate the LCL into bringing an end to malapportionment. Although Stott's decision to support the

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put the premier in a bind. Mining the uranium promised to provide a valuable economic boost in difficult times, but a government ban on its mining, on safety grounds, was still in force. Dunstan was opposed to uranium mining but was seen as lacking conviction by environmentalists, and he was also

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Dunstan saw reform of the Legislative Council as an important goal, and later a prime achievement, of his Government. Labor, as a matter of party policy, wanted to see the Legislative Council abolished. Dunstan, seeing this as unfeasible in his term, set about to reform it instead. Two bills were

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started dropping significantly, immigration slowed and the economy was stagnant. South Australia's robust population growth, previously the highest per capita among the states, came to an abrupt halt. However, state money continued to be poured into the Monarto project, despite the fact that the

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to the east and that the bureaucracy would be dispersed from the capital. In contrast, public servants feared being forced into the rural settlement. Critics (of whom there were many) derided the project as "Dunstan's Versailles in the bush". Environmental activists aired fears of the effects of

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was made to stall the execution. Spearheaded by Dunstan, Labor then tried to introduce legislation to stall the hanging. Amid hue and cry, Playford started a Royal Commission to review the case. However, two of the commissioners had already been involved in the trial and one of the appeals. This

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in 1999, shortly before his death, to push for progressive change and to honour Dunstan's memory. Dunstan had spent his last months helping to lay the platform for its establishment. At the inauguration of the body Dunstan had said, "What we need is a concentration on the kind of agenda which I

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began. The conservative and rural factions of the League, notably in the Legislative Council dominated by the landed gentry, were bitterly opposed to some reforms, and more than once Hall was forced to rely on Labor support to see bills passed. The LCL began to break apart; what had once been a

1971:. However, the reforms to the Legislative Council's election bore fruit. Of the 11 seats up for election, Labor won six with 47.3% of the vote, and the LM two, allowing Labor a total of 10 seats. This meant they could now, with the help of the LM, push through reforms opposed by the Liberals. 1942:

had massively increased the cost of living, domestic industry began to erode due to a lack of cost-competitiveness, and government funds were waning. In response, the Dunstan Government sold loss-making railways to the Commonwealth and brought in new taxes to allow wage rises. The changes had

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Aboriginal people. Dunstan was prominent in Labor's opposition to the double standards, and called for abolition of race-based restrictions, saying that social objectives could be achieved without explicit colour-based schemes. He was successful in forcing amendments to liberalise controls on

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for South Australia's problems. In a television address just days before the election, he said: "My Government is being smeared and it hurts. They want you to think we are to blame for Canberra's mistakes. The vote on Saturday is not for Canberra, not for Australia, but for South Australia."

1398:, Labor suffered a swing against it of 11.8% in South Australia, double the national average. If this was replicated at a state election, it was projected that Labor would hold only ten of the 39 seats. The Liberals dropped Playford as the state leader, and the younger and more progressive 1283:

from the Labor platform. The older trade-unionist-based members of the Labor Party vehemently opposed changing the status quo. However, the "New Guard" of the party, of which Dunstan was a part, were determined to bring about its end. Attempts in 1959 and 1961 failed, with Labor leader

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had made about immigrants. Moir had commented that "these immigrants are of no use to us – a few of them are tradesmen but most of them have no skills at all. And when they intermarry we'll have all the colours of the rainbow." Dunstan won the seat and was elected to the

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caused by an earthquake. This was publicised by the media, prompting a not insignificant number of residents to sell their property and leave; some businesses had clearance sales while many who decided to stay indulged in doomsday parties. Dunstan promised to stand on the seashore at

2244:. His retirement from these positions followed the provocative publication of a photograph of him with Monsignor Porcamadonna, member of the gay community Order of Perpetual Indulgence, taken after he had launched a collection of coming out stories by gay historian Gary Wotherspoon. 1492:

Hall was embarrassed that the LCL was in a position to win government despite having clearly lost the first-preference vote, and was committed to a fairer electoral system. Soon after taking office, he enacted a complete overhaul of the electoral system. While they fell short of

1468:. Hall was then sworn in as premier. However, the six weeks of protesting had brought nationwide criticism of the unfairness of the electoral system and put more pressure on the LCL to relent to reforms; it has been seen as one of the most important political events of its time. 1642:

his stature to decry damage to the environment caused by deforestation, excessive open-cut mining and pollution. Oliphant's tenure was successful and held in high regard, although he did come into conflict with the premier at times as both men were outspoken and strong-willed.

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With the end of Playford's tenure, the LCL had brought younger, more progressive members into its ranks. The Hall Government continued many of the social reforms the Walsh/Dunstan governments had initiated; most of these at the instigation of Hall or his Attorney-General,

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In December 1958 there occurred an event that initially had nothing to do with Playford, but eventually intensified into a debacle regarded as a turning point in his premiership and marked the end of his rule. Dunstan was prominent in pressuring Playford during this time.

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in 1971, Dunstan finally had the opportunity to put forward a nominee for governor of his own choosing to HM Queen Elizabeth II (and by extension the British Foreign Office which still technically oversaw the appointment process of Australian state governors until the

1608:, and federal funding to SA was not increased. An appeal was made to the Federal Grants Commission, and Dunstan was awarded more than he had hoped for. In addition to the money received from the Grants Commission, funds were diverted from water-storage schemes in the 2043:. However, this appointment was not successful; Seaman became involved in an unspecified scandal and made a statement admitting to a "grave impropriety", without elaborating further. He did not resign and kept a low profile from then on. Dunstan also appointed Dame 1458:. There, Dunstan spoke to a crowd of more than ten thousand: "We need to show that the people of SA feel that at last the watershed has been reached in this, and that they will not continue to put up with a system which is as undemocratic as the present one in SA." 1303:. In 1962, the Aboriginal Affairs Bill was introduced to liberalise constraints that had been placed on Indigenous Australians in the past and had effectively resulted in segregation. The initial proposal still retained some restrictions, placing more controls over 1985:

One famous demonstration of Dunstan's charismatic style and media savvy came in January 1976. A psychic predicted that, due to Dunstan and the state's social liberalisation – which he saw as sinful – God would destroy Adelaide with a

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In 1988, Dunstan donated a collection of files pertaining to his political, professional and personal life; photographs; press clippings; speeches and press releases; audiovisual material; books from his library; some items of clothing; and other memorabilia to

2381:, was shut down by the government and she then moved to Australia. The two began a relationship in 1974, and married in 1976 in a small ceremony at Dunstan's residence. Dunstan was much older than Adele, who was in her 30s. She was diagnosed with advanced 1859:" malapportionment, it was difficult for the Labor Party to achieve the representation it wished. The Legislative Council either watered down or outright rejected a considerable amount of Labor legislation; bills to legalise homosexuality, abolish 4979: 2111:

However, controversy erupted regarding the inquiry and Dunstan's subsequent actions because Salisbury had a reputation as a man of integrity. Ward claimed that Dunstan had known about the true contents of the files for several years. A

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was viewed with suspicion by some in the Anglo-Saxon establishment. Dunstan himself later recalled: "When I proposed the establishment of a Cornish Festival, in Australia's 'Little Cornwall', people of Cornish descent came flocking."

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as the sole Labor premier. His Government, on a mandate to dramatically increase funding in key areas, sought to appropriate further finances from the Federal Government. This brought Dunstan into conflict with Prime Minister

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million had been used to buy land, plant trees and formulate development plans, and the failed project is often seen as Dunstan's greatest failure. In addition, the federal government removed subsidies for shipbuilding at

977:. He spent the first seven years of his life in Fiji, starting his schooling there. Dunstan was beset by illness, and his parents sent him to South Australia hoping the drier climate would assist his recovery. He lived in 2217:

for five months and pursuing Italian studies. He subsequently returned home and lived quietly in Adelaide for three years without finding work that appealed to him, such as that related to the shaping of public policy.

1673:, was to be built on farmland to the west of the existing town. Dunstan was very much against allowing Adelaide's suburbs to further sprawl, and thus Monarto was a major focus of his government. He argued that the new 1579:

was made Attorney-General and Aboriginal Affairs Minister despite being a new member of parliament. Dunstan formed a strong circle of loyal ministers around him, in a style radically different from his predecessors.

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united party was now factionalised into four distinct groups across the political spectrum. The economy of South Australia began to pick up under Hall, returning to full employment. During the term in opposition,

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state of affairs and charged that the Labor Party was "as ailing as the man who led it". In a stage-managed press conference on 15 February 1979, Dunstan announced his retirement as premier from his room in

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being criticised by industrialists. By May, his approval rating had fallen to 57%, down from 80% just two years earlier, and unemployment was increasing. It was also widely anticipated that a book titled

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Dunstan in 1979 announcing his sudden resignation in his pyjamas after collapsing and sleeping for forty hours. It was broadcast live on television, which was unheard of at the time in South Australia.

1811:, Dunstan set about organising cultural and economic engagement between the two states. "Penang Week" was held in Adelaide in July, and in return, "South Australia Week" was held in Penang's capital, 4987: 1844:

were made in the state. Dunstan's support of the arts and fine dining was credited by commentators with attracting artists, craftspeople and writers into the state, helping to change its atmosphere.

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Monarto on the River Murray, which was already suffering from pollution and salinity problems. Later on, it was noticed that there was hard bedrock underneath the ground, raising drainage problems.

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there were claims of theft and mismanagement in the health system. However, the Liberal opposition was in a disorganised state and unpopular, so they were not able to pressure Dunstan effectively.

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The Royal Commission began its work and the proceedings were followed closely and eagerly debated by the public. As Playford did not commute Stuart's sentence, Dunstan introduced a bill to abolish

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and wait for the imminent destruction. He did so on 20 January, the day of the predicted storm, and nothing happened, although he made newspaper headlines in the United Kingdom for his defiance.

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In 1954, the LCL introduced the Government Electoral Bill, which was designed to further accentuate the undue weight favouring rural voters. During the debate, Dunstan decried this "immoral Bill

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took his place. In a dire situation with the next state election looming, Labor changed leaders with Walsh, a "neanderthal figure in the television age", standing down in May 1967. Much of the

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Labor colleagues had become dispirited by the Playmander and were resigned to the ongoing dominance of Playford and LCL, so they sought to influence policy through collaborative legislating.

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The Walsh Government implemented significant reform in its term of office. Liquor, gambling and entertainment laws were overhauled and liberalised, social welfare was gradually expanded and

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After Dunstan graduated, he moved with his wife to Fiji where he was admitted to the bar and began his career as a lawyer. They returned to Adelaide in 1951 and settled in George Street,

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million and the MATS plan and water-storage schemes were in planning to accommodate this. These were summarily rejected by the Dunstan Government, which planned to build a new city 83

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was purchased to save it from demolition. His support of heritage preservation overlapped with his promotion of gourmet dining when his personal efforts helped to save the historic

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over the advice of engineers, and cash reserves were withdrawn from the two government-owned banks. The monies were subsequently used to finance health, education and arts schemes.

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On 16 April, the first day of the new House's sitting, Dunstan lost a confidence vote. With it now clear that the LCL had control of the House, Dunstan tendered his resignation to

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He lived with Cheng in their Norwood home for the rest of his life. Cheng nursed Dunstan through lung cancer until his death, and Dunstan bequeathed their home to Cheng for life.

6875: 6156: 1410:, winning fourteen votes to eleven on the strength of rural and marginal Laborites, having trailed by one vote on the first count before less popular candidates were eliminated. 1008:. He developed public speaking and acting skills, winning the college's public speaking prize for two consecutive years. In 1943, he portrayed the title role in a production of 1855:, overwhelmingly non-Labor. Unlike the Lower House, its members were elected only by voters who met certain property and wealth requirements. Combined with the remains of the " 1697:

were made mandatory, the education system was overhauled, and the public service was gradually increased (doubling in size during the Dunstan era). Adelaide's water supply was

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Dunstan also faced difficulties on policy issues. Factional cracks began to appear in the Labor Party, and the discovery of uranium deposits near the northern outback town of

1567:. Hugh Hudson took on the Education portfolio, an important role in a government that was determined to bring about profound change to the South Australian education system. 1867:

and allow gambling and casinos were rejected. A referendum had indicated support for Friday night shopping, but Labor legislation was blocked in the upper house by the LCL.

981:

for three years with his mother's parents before returning to Suva for a short period during his secondary education. During his time in Fiji, Dunstan mixed easily with the

5013: 2066:

was passed. The legislation, the bedrock of which was laid by Dunstan, was the most reformist in Australia, and in the 1980s, more than 20% of the land was returned to its

1414:

the economic engine whilst Dunstan lambasted the Federal Government for neglecting the South Australian economy, demanding it take a degree of responsibility for its ills.

2104:

However, Peter Ward, a journalist and former Dunstan staffer, published a story about the files. An inquiry was conducted into the Special Branch by Justice White of the

1406:

faction, as well as Walsh, was opposed to Dunstan taking the leadership, but no other MPs had the same charisma or eloquence. Eventually, Dunstan won the leadership over

1383:, so some desired legislation did not make it through. In 1965, the legislature convened for 65 days, the most for 34 years, but many bills were still yet to be debated. 6558: 6116: 756: 642: 292: 1951:

Labor remained the largest party in Parliament, but lost the two-party preferred vote at 49.2% and saw its numbers decrease from 26 to 23. The LCL held 20 seats, the

1391:

it. The Liberals seized on this opportunity, blaming it on "twelve months of Socialist administration in South Australia" and branding it the "Dunstan Depression".

1320: 1225:

provoked worldwide controversy with claims of bias from Dunstan and Labor, who also attacked Playford for what they regarded as a too-restrictive scope of inquiry.

2373:

In 1973, Adele Koh, a Malaysian journalist formerly living in Singapore, was appointed to work for Dunstan. She had been expelled by the Singaporean Government of

6860: 814:, convincing the LCL into watering down the malapportionment. With little change in Labor's vote but with the Playmander removed, Labor won 27 of 47 seats at the 2385:

in May 1978, and died in October after Dunstan had cared for her at her bedside for months. Her death seriously affected him and his own health began to suffer.

1689:

From 1970 to 1973, much legislation passed through the South Australian Parliament. Workers saw increases in welfare, drinking laws were further liberalised, an

1351:. Despite winning 55 percent of the primary vote, the Playmander was still strong enough that Labor won only 21 of 39 seats, a two-seat majority. Dunstan became 6920: 6865: 6840: 2717: 1974:

Dunstan continued to try to push through further legislation; he sought to expand on the Hall Government's electoral-boundaries reform, to bring it closer to

6925: 6915: 6296: 4736: 2521: 1760:

on North Terrace, having it converted into a restaurant to avoid demolition. In contrast, there were also some controversial developments. Part of the rocky

3197: 6582: 6366: 6001: 1677:

would allow a drive of only 45 minutes from Adelaide, that the city was not far from current industry, and that water could be readily supplied from the

1026: 240: 5331: 5102: 1445:. The Assembly's composition was radically altered after changes were made to electoral legislation, abolishing the electoral malapportionment of the " 6748: 6149: 1891: 6910: 6850: 2078: 1509: 926: 2036:, a former football player and clergyman. Following Nicholls' resignation due to ill health in 1977, a second consecutive clergyman took the post, 6683: 6622: 6421: 6196: 2457: 1757: 1221: 4914: 4380: 3800: 1434:, who was offered the speakership by the LCL in return for his support on the Assembly floor. Stott, a conservative, agreed to support the LCL. 6900: 6880: 6361: 6191: 5084: 6830: 3222: 1022:

with relatives. Dunstan completed his secondary schooling in 1943, ranking in the top 30 overall in the statewide matriculation examinations.

6321: 6261: 6246: 6231: 4326: 2798: 1572: 3225: 6895: 6792: 6738: 6356: 6142: 6093: 5965: 2846: 2469: 2283: 2206: 2074: 1935: 1883: 1848: 1657:

In 1972, the first major developments in regard to the state's population growth occurred. Adelaide's population was set to increase to 1.3

1619: 1518: 1423: 1380: 1340: 1328: 1142: 1094: 886: 827: 823: 819: 815: 807: 795: 479: 116: 1708: 4248: 4134: 2213:

came to power and officially abandoned the Monarto project. Dunstan took a trip to Europe after being released from hospital, staying in

2020:

gave nothing at all the following year. However, by the time Monarto was eventually scrapped after Dunstan's departure, no less than $ 20

6905: 6083: 6013: 5994: 5984: 5928: 4253: 3975: 3483: 2945: 2854: 2319: 2165: 1489:

became Dunstan's deputy, and the pair worked together well despite any rift that may have been caused by the struggle to succeed Walsh.

1399: 838: 791: 760: 735: 436: 428: 373: 285: 273: 233: 52: 2569:. Deemed by the Adelaide Film Festival's Board to have "enriched Australian screen culture through their work", its recipients include 6855: 6181: 5813: 5645:

Parkin, Andrew (1986). "Transition, Innovation, Consolidation, Readjustment: The Political History of South Australia Since 1965". In

5471: 5278: 4660: 4502: 2785: 1442: 1141:. This system gave a disproportionate electoral weight to the LCL's rural base, with votes worth as much as ten times others − at the 1111: 1731:

Having played a part in Labor's abandonment of the White Australia Policy at national level, Dunstan was also prominent in promoting

6602: 6401: 5791: 5772: 5753: 5734: 5715: 5696: 5677: 5658: 5635: 5616: 5597: 5566: 5547: 5524: 5505: 5486: 5453: 5434: 5415: 5393: 5374: 2221:

During this time, he became increasingly disillusioned with South Australian political affairs. A book by two Adelaide journalists,

2093:, for the purposes of surveillance and espionage. Conceived in 1939 an "intelligence branch", to maintain surveillance of the large 1823: 1600: 930: 1707:

gone beyond the limits. Nevertheless, his fashion sense resulted in his being voted "the sexiest political leader in Australia" by

2516:

advocacy, and Indigenous rights in Australia. Among other initiatives, it runs a series of annual events, such as a conference on

1356:

1960, Dunstan became the obvious successor to the 67-year-old Walsh, who was due to retire in 1967 under Labor rules of the time.

2105: 1956: 1931: 1395: 1204: 6526: 2209:, which left the party with only 19 seats against the Liberals on 25 seats on an 8.4 percent two-party swing against Labor. The 2011:

suburbs. The deposits on beverage containers was finally passed. The first signs of Monarto's eventual failure began to appear:

6845: 6597: 2349:

Whilst living in Norwood and studying at university, Dunstan met his first wife, Gretel Elsasser, whose Jewish family had fled

2178: 1773: 1543: 1001: 771: 4872: 4836: 6890: 6870: 6201: 2790: 2202: 2063: 1769: 1666: 978: 2338:

Dunstan is strongly associated with the suburb of Norwood. A memorial in his honour is embedded in the footpath outside the

1211:

were dismissed. Amid objections against the fairness of the trial among an increasing number of legal academics and judges,

1203:

man, was convicted and sentenced to be executed. Stuart's lawyer claimed that the confession was forced, and appeals to the

1062:

Dunstan was markedly different from the general membership of the Labor Party of the time; upon applying for membership at

5896: 5879: 5845: 5626:

Parkin, Andrew; Pugh, Cedric (1981). "Urban Policy and Metropolitan Adelaide". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.).

4651: 2607: 2525: 2465: 2461: 2002:

and decriminalise male homosexuality, had been initially blocked by the Legislative Council. However, the bill to abolish

1911: 1834: 1761: 1332: 1324: 1150: 1090: 894: 752: 748: 541: 1244:

debate in South Australian society and destabilised Playford's administration, while bringing much publicity to Dunstan.

6516: 6039: 5955: 5706:

Stokes, Geoff; Cox, Richard (1981). "The ALP and the Politics of Consensus". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.).

2149: 1952: 1887: 1551: 1427: 1052: 1009: 764: 342: 5228: 2164:, his press secretary and speechwriter (and later Premier), who had worked with him in 1978 on a series of speeches on 3696: 1960: 1904: 1724: 1616: 1462: 1430:

gone the other way, Labor would have retained power. The balance of power rested with the chamber's lone independent,

1336: 1293: 1146: 850: 535: 5110: 4889: 2725: 2645: 810:, with the LCL forming government with support of an independent. Dunstan responded by increasing his attacks on the 1508:, and South Australia went to the polls. The dam controversy was not much of an election issue, and attempts by the 6165: 6020: 5974: 5865: 5607:

Parkin, Andrew (1981). "The Dunstan Governments: a Political Synopsis". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.).

2358: 1753: 1703: 1364: 1348: 1037: 974: 803: 744: 82: 5039: 1259:. Dunstan attempted to win the position of Opposition Leader and, failing that, Deputy Leader. However, the Labor 2051: 1781: 1272: 1163: 1101:

in the district, and Labor supporters walked the streets advocating Dunstan. He targeted in particular the large

1048: 936:

At the same time, there were also problems; the economy began to stagnate, and the large increases to burgeoning

189: 103: 31: 3201: 6718: 6713: 6306: 6286: 2410: 2026: 1992: 1816: 1808: 1777: 1670: 1650: 1538: 1481: 1130: 1078: 1019: 941: 922: 624: 3171: 2263:

at the University of Adelaide from 1997 to 1999 and portrayed himself in the 1989 Australian independent film

2054:. The North West Aboriginal Reserve (NWAR) covered more than 7% of the state's land, and was inhabited by the 1998:

In 1976, the Dunstan Government stepped up its legislative efforts. Some bills, such as the one to remove the

1251:

In 1960, Dunstan became president of the State Labor Party. The year also saw the death of Opposition Leader

5921: 5339: 1938:

elections, Australia, and South Australia in particular, had been hit by a series of economic problems. The

1822:

Over a six-year period, government funding for the arts was increased by a factor of seven and in 1978, the

1560: 1368: 1208: 1167:, the dominant newspaper in the city, had a policy of ignoring the young politician's activities—its editor 1097:. His campaign was noted for his colourful methods to sway voters: posters of his face were placed on every 878: 874: 842: 514: 1583: 6186: 5223: 5195: 5088: 2578: 2562: 2547:, who had held the position for 10 years and remains on the Board as Director and Patron as of June 2022. 2529: 2509: 2497: 2090: 2059: 1455: 1300: 1280: 1056: 1044: 1030: 1014: 1005: 787: 5839: 5252:"Lowitja O'Donoghue: formidable advocate for Aboriginal Australians who overcame adversity and prejudice" 4915:"Premier Don Dunstan wears pink shorts to work at the South Australian parliament: symbol of 1967–79 era" 4565: 1105:

migrant population of the district, distributing translated copies of a statement the sitting LCL member

6426: 6411: 4741: 2603: 2055: 1840: 1828: 1674: 1343:. Labor thus finally overcame the Playmander and formed government for the first time in 32 years, with 1313: 1200: 1071: 858: 2565:

has presented The Don Dunstan Award in recognition of outstanding contribution by an individual to the

4773: 782:

over the matter. During Labor's time in opposition, Dunstan was prominent in securing some reforms in

6825: 6820: 6797: 6346: 4808: 2434: 2271: 2256: 2237: 1063: 1034: 973:

descent. His parents had moved to Fiji in 1916 after his father took up a position as manager of the

5725:

Summers, John (1986). "Aborigines and Government in the Twentieth Century". In Richard, Eric (ed.).

6784: 5069: 4712: 4628: 2721: 2566: 2533: 2481: 2476:

by Dino Hodge, written with the co-operation of Dunstan's family and former lovers, was published.

2032:

After Oliphant's term had expired, Dunstan appointed the first Indigenous Australian Governor, Sir

1910:

During his second term, Dunstan started efforts to build a petrochemical complex at Redcliff, near

1860: 1812: 1784:. This attracted criticism, as Dunstan was prominent in promoting South Australian viticulture and 1263:

was sceptical of his age and inexperience, and he failed to gain either position, albeit narrowly.

1213: 1126: 970: 866: 2524:

Don Dunstan Oration, the Hugo Lecture, AdMental, Southgate Oration, and Human Rights Oration. The

6431: 6326: 6316: 4817: 4481: 2505: 2067: 2003: 1975: 1968: 1900: 1864: 1740: 1682: 1625: 1494: 1375: 1309: 1229: 1186: 1102: 902: 846: 779: 6693: 6627: 5870: 2858: 2780: 2077:; he hoped to recover from the previous election, the outcome of which had been affected by the 1870: 1252: 739: 56: 2354:

in boarders as a source of extra income. Gretel later gave birth to two sons, Andrew and Paul.

1903:, and another to make councillors elected from a single statewide electorate under a system of 30:

This article is about the premier of South Australia. For the governor of South Australia, see

6667: 6506: 5819: 5809: 5801: 5787: 5768: 5749: 5730: 5711: 5692: 5673: 5654: 5631: 5612: 5593: 5562: 5543: 5520: 5501: 5482: 5467: 5449: 5430: 5425:

Cunningham, Andrew (1981). "Industrial Relations". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.).

5411: 5389: 5370: 4656: 4138: 3723: 3479: 2812: 2804: 2794: 2556: 2450: 2405:, which led to his death on 6 February 1999. Dunstan was not a smoker but was long exposed to 2339: 2323: 2260: 2094: 1736: 1634: 783: 6779: 6592: 6386: 6351: 6341: 6331: 6256: 4473: 2540: 2413:

as a tribute to Dunstan's love of the arts. In attendance were former Labor Prime Ministers

2311: 2122: 2113: 2033: 1744: 1732: 1564: 1352: 1051:, the Student Representative Council, as well as the Theatre Group. A two-week stint in the 906: 882: 870: 862: 126: 4499:

Political surveillance and the South Australian Police, Australian Institute of Criminology

4498: 2117:

the "pink files" and many of the Special Branch files were burnt. Salisbury retired to the

1359: 1043:

His political awakening happened during his university years. Studying law and arts at the

6774: 6501: 6391: 6381: 6371: 5938: 5744:

Warhurst, Andrew (1981). "The Public Service". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.).

4876: 4506: 3229: 2650: 2406: 2157:

would soon be released, containing embarrassing allegations about Dunstan's private life.

1979: 1939: 1792: 1765: 1645: 1473: 982: 914: 743:(21 September 1926 – 6 February 1999) was an Australian politician who served as the 35th 526: 2941: 1899:

prepared for Legislative Council reform; one to lower the voting age to 18 and introduce

1895:

forcing them to either quit the LM or leave the LCL and join the LM as a distinct party.

1220:

When Playford and the Executive Council decided not to reprieve Stuart, an appeal to the

4322: 2185:, by two Adelaide journalists, Des Ryan and Mike McEwen, was published later that year. 1512:

to portray Dunstan as a communist over his opposition to ongoing Australian support for

940:

generated claims of waste. One of Dunstan's pet projects, a plan to build a new city at

6743: 6703: 6662: 6572: 6496: 6221: 6206: 5403: 4980:"First biography since Don Dunstan's death reveals his double life drove him to resign" 2570: 2168:, industrial democracy and women's rights, Dunstan made a uranium fact-finding trip to 2118: 2017: 1852: 1638: 1609: 1437: 1285: 1138: 958: 937: 608: 43: 5557:

Jaensch, Dean (1997). "The Liberal Movement and the New LM". In Warhurst, John (ed.).

5190: 1217:

brought much attention to Stuart's plight with an aggressive, tabloid-style campaign.

66: 6814: 6728: 6577: 6396: 6301: 6291: 6281: 6236: 6176: 5588:

Mills, Helen (1981). "Equal Opportunity". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.).

5515:

Jaensch, Dean (1981). "Electoral Reform". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.).

5056:"Private service for Don Dunstan today". AAP General News Australia. 9 February 1999. 4485: 2528:

has been held annually since 2007, with a series of speakers illuminating aspects of

2504:

The Foundation aims to represent and advocate for the values of its founder, such as

2438: 2414: 2398: 2279: 2275: 2173: 2044: 1944: 1875: 1819:

was opened – Australia's first multifunction performing arts complex.

1720: 1630: 1513: 1465: 1276: 854: 834: 199: 121: 3971: 2006:

passed with ease, and the homosexuality law reforms eventually passed in September.

17: 6708: 6688: 6642: 6617: 6461: 6456: 6276: 6266: 6216: 6126: 6051: 6030: 5906: 5646: 5535: 5362: 5358: 5256: 4867: 2574: 2517: 2513: 2441:. State flags were flown at half-mast and the memorial service was televised live. 2374: 2350: 2295: 2241: 2233: 2210: 2198: 2098: 2040: 1964: 1804: 1698: 1678: 1653:. A 620-seat theatre in the complex is named the "Dunstan Playhouse" in his honour. 1588: 1555: 1527: 1523: 1505: 1501: 1486: 1407: 576: 385: 335: 261: 209: 168: 144: 131: 1316:

of Aboriginal people, which he saw as the diluting of their distinctive cultures.

4249:"Adelaide tsunami prediction by clairvoyant John Nash proved wrong, 40 years ago" 2016:

Whitlam government cut funding to $ 600,000 in 1975, while his Liberal successor

6758: 6723: 6698: 6652: 6647: 6632: 6612: 6607: 6587: 6471: 6466: 6446: 6436: 6416: 6406: 6376: 6336: 6311: 6271: 6251: 6241: 6226: 6211: 6108: 6066: 5948: 2544: 2422: 2402: 2382: 2367: 2334: 2299: 1716: 1605: 1568: 1403: 1344: 1256: 1168: 1098: 993: 910: 890: 799: 500: 416: 323: 221: 156: 5496:

Hyams, Bernard (1981). "Education". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.).

1917: 1768:

in Adelaide's southern suburbs was developed for housing, as were vineyards in

6481: 6476: 6134: 5823: 5576: 4643: 4477: 2426: 2307: 2303: 2012: 1999: 1959:

one, and the last remaining with an independent, the nominally Labor Mayor of

1856: 1785: 1694: 1446: 1304: 1196: 1180: 1134: 989:, something that was frowned upon by many of the white people on the islands. 964: 898: 811: 778:, who was convicted of rape and murder of a small girl, opposing then-Premier 775: 5279:"Dr Jane Lomax-Smith AM appointed as new Chair of the Don Dunstan Foundation" 2808: 6733: 6657: 6491: 6486: 5534:

Jaensch, Dean (1986). "A Chronology of Political Events and Statistics". In

5477:

Horne, Colin (1981). "The Arts". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.).

5218: 4804:"A Rocky Road to Democracy: Don Dunstan and the Forces of Darkness – Part 2" 2816: 2536:. Orators have been chosen by O'Donoghue, until her death in February 2024. 2430: 2418: 2291: 2161: 2037: 1752:

Street from being replaced with a skyscraper. In 1975, the Customs House at

1690: 1550:

Dunstan wasted no time in organising his new ministry. He served as his own

1431: 1235: 3928:

Payton, Philip, Making Moonta: The Invention of Australia's Little Cornwall

1713:

in 1975, and the image of Dunstan in the shorts remains widely recognized.

5304: 5014:"Don Dunstan's former partner Steven Cheng wants his history acknowledged" 2377:

for criticising its policies. The newspaper she had been working for, the

1117: 770:

In the late 1950s, Dunstan became well known for his campaign against the

6753: 6076: 5888: 5559:

Keeping the Bastards Honest: The Australian Democrats' First Twenty Years

3198:"A Multicultural Landscape: National Parks and the Macedonian Experience" 1826:

commenced work. During Dunstan's time in charge, acclaimed films such as

1796: 1596: 1576: 1477: 1106: 997: 918: 564: 467: 4821: 4803: 2968:

Results of the South Australian state election, 1968 (House of Assembly)

2484:

Library, where it can be viewed and accessed for research purposes (see

2357:

In 1972, Dunstan separated from his wife and moved into a small flat in

767:. He is the fourth longest serving premier in South Australian history. 2214: 1987: 1125:

Dunstan was to become the most vocal opponent of the LCL Government of

986: 759:

from 1967 to 1979. Before becoming premier, Dunstan served as the 38th

747:

from 1967 to 1968, and again from 1970 to 1979. He was a member of the

4589:

George Lewkowicz, Don Dunstan Foundation, Dunstan Oral History Project

1288:

stating, "It would ruin the Party if we altered the immigration policy

5164: 2315: 2169: 2050:

Dunstan broke new ground in Australian politics with his policies on

1800: 1260: 5138: 2140: 1047:, he became very active, joining the University Socialist Club, the 802:

as premier in 1967. Despite maintaining a much larger vote over the

6836:

Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of South Australia

5561:. St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. pp. 37–48. 3223:

Don Dunstan – 'The end of White Australia', Multicultural Australia

3175: 2326:

was later named to honour his contribution to the performing arts.

877:

and drinking laws, created a ministry for the environment, enacted

2333: 2270:

In his retirement, Dunstan continued to be a passionate critic of

2139: 1921:

Dunstan (far left) distances his government from the Commonwealth.

1916: 1869: 1715: 1644: 1582: 1537: 1436: 1358: 1234: 1116: 1067: 5806:

Don Dunstan : the visionary politician who changed Australia

2543:

was announced as new chair of the organisation, taking over from

2532:' past and future in Australian society. It is held each year in 2205:, Dunstan's seat was retained by Labor. Corcoran soon called the 4774:"Report of Inquiry – Victorian Economic Development Corporation" 2232:

From May 1980 to early 1981 he acted as editor for the magazine

2007: 1554:, and took several other portfolios for himself. Deputy Premier 1074:, history and politics, and he came first in political science. 954: 604: 6530: 6138: 4644:"It's grossly improper / by Des Ryan [and] Mike McEwen" 4626:"Don Dunstan The Obituary; A nation's valued voice of change". 2322:

in June 1979, and later had an electorate named after him. The

2290:

magazine strongly criticising the Federal Labor Governments of

5729:. Netley, South Australia: Wakefield Press. pp. 488–512. 5653:. Netley, South Australia: Wakefield Press. pp. 292–338. 5542:. Netley, South Australia: Wakefield Press. pp. 486–498. 2201:

took his place as party leader and Premier. At the subsequent

5746: