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should maintain its monopoly on alcohol sales. CAMH referred to "the plan to allow the sale of VQA wines at farmers' markets across the province" as "cause for concern" because it would increase access to alcohol. Similarly, together with other health organizations, CAMH called for a provincial alcohol strategy, ahead of
Ontario's plan to permit the sale of beer in grocery stores. In a 2014 policy document, CAMH expressed support for the legalization of marijuana with strict control regulations. According to CAMH CEO, Catherine Zahn, "Only through legalization can we implement a public-health approach, treating cannabis use as a health issue and not one to be addressed through law enforcement and the court system. This is the approach we take with tobacco and alcohol. As with alcohol, a legal cannabis market can be regulated with controls that address risk factors associated with use". CAMH has opposed the expansion of Toronto's
309:, Canada. It reports being the largest research facility in Canada for mental health and addictions. The hospital was formed in 1998 from the amalgamation of four separate institutions – the Queen Street Mental Health Centre, the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, the Addiction Research Foundation, and the Donwood Institute. It is Canada's largest mental health teaching hospital, and the only stand-alone psychiatric emergency department in Ontario. CAMH has 90 distinct clinical services across inpatient, outpatient, day treatment, and partial hospitalization models. CAMH has been the site of major advancements in psychiatric research, including the discovery of the
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Forestell who reportedly "tore a strip off of" CAMH for its actions. Graham Glancy, a forensic psychiatrist at the
Maplehurst Correctional Complex accused CAMH of focusing too much on patients and treatments to enhance its international reputation, but at the expense of the less glamorous forensic patients. He added "Cities like Ottawa and London are better resourced but Toronto is terrible. It's a disgrace, really." Toronto defence counsel Chris Hynes also attributed the problems to the CAMH leadership, saying "CAMH front-line workers pay the price for decisions made by the centre's privatized board of directors."
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564:, Dev Chopra, executive vice-president of CAMH first said there was nothing inappropriate about Catford's role. "We got into it with our eyes open. There is no conflict." However, Chopra later said there were "some optics from a conflict perspective" noting the hospital might revisit the issue that day. Catford left his CAMH position two days later, but the Star reported that hospital officials said changes were being considered months before the Star published its story about the issue.
379:. The Institute served as the main psychiatry teaching hospital for the University of Toronto and was the headquarters for the Department of Psychiatry in the Faculty of Medicine. The first Medical and Executive Director of the Clarke was Charles Roberts, and the first Psychiatrist-in-Chief (and Professor and Head of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto) was Aldwyn B. Stokes. When Stokes retired in 1967, the administration was reorganized, and
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to change the future of mental health and addictions; 3) Revitalize the City of
Toronto by opening up their site and by creating an inclusive new nine-block neighbourhood that benefits all and, 4) Change attitudes by breaking down barriers to eliminate the stigma of mental health. Phase 1A was undertaken by Eastern Construction and completed in 2008 and Phase 1B was undertaken by
514:, donated $ 10 million to CAMH in 2012 to establish the Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health. In 2013, the Slaight Family donated to $ 50 million to health care institutions, of which CAMH received $ 10 million. The donation permitted the opening of a centre dedicated to identifying and treating early signs of mental illness in youth.
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procedures and...We are confident that the changes implemented in this case have been effective." Agar wrote that he has "been eager to have
Simpson back on the radio show to discuss what measures have been put in place" but had not received any response. Five months later, CAMH told Agar "Dr. Simpson is not available for a follow-up interview."
651:, Zucker did this by "encouraging same-sex friendships and activities like board games that move beyond strict gender roles." Zucker said that a child could be asked to make a list of pros and cons about being different genders so that the child realizes that "there are both good and not so good things about being a boy and being a girl."
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the job offer, saying "Essentially, we believe that it is not a good fit between you and the role as leader of an academic program in mood and anxiety disorders at the centre and in relation to the university….We do not feel your approach is compatible with the goals for development of the academic and clinical resource that we have."
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part in government committees to improve workplace safety and called for CAMH senior management to be held personally responsible for the continued workplace violence. Rani
Srivastava said that the incident was "completely unexpected," that CAMH is "saddened" and "shocked" by what happened, and that "any incident is one too many."
702:, medical director of CAMH's child, youth, and family services, said "We want to apologize for the fact that not all of the practices in our childhood gender identity clinic are in step with the latest thinking." CAMH announced a process of consultation with community leaders to examine how best to offer care.
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CAMH issues statements about local and provincial regulations on addictive behaviors. CAMH policy opposes the privatization of alcohol sales, citing evidence that the increase in availability increases alcohol-related harms and associated costs. They supported that the Liquor
Control Board of Ontario
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In 2014, the
Ontario Ministry of Labour laid more charges against CAMH for failing to implement procedures to protect staff from workplace violence following another attack by a patient that year. The prosecution asked the court to send “a clear message” that the CAMH situation was unacceptable. CAMH
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asked CAMH to develop a workplace violence and policy program. In 2008, the
Ministry of Labour laid nine workplace safety charges against CAMH in response to allegations by staff that they had been attacked by patients. CAMH was fined $ 70,000 in 2009 for two attacks against nursing staff by patients
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using hormones and surgeries." Regarding children, however, Zucker said, "We are trying to help a child feel more comfortable with the gender identity that matches their birth sex," and that they use a variety of techniques to "help a child think more flexibly" about their gender. According to a 2006
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CAMH aggressively recruited Healy, and CAMH Physician-in-Chief, David
Goldbloom, offered Healy a job as the head of the Mood and Anxiety Program. Healy accepted and soon after gave a lecture in which he reiterated his views about Prozac increasing risk of suicide. A few days later, Goldbloom withdrew
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CAMH has been undergoing a three phase redevelopment centered at its Queen Street site, with four goals: 1) Deliver a new model of care and provide a healthy environment that promotes recovery; 2) Bring together the best research, clinical, education, health promotion, and policy experts in one place
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Three months later, another nurse was punched, kicked in the face and dragged by a patient into a locked utility room where she was repeatedly kicked in the head the patient, suffering fractures and nerve damage. Vicki McKenna of the
Ontario Nurses' Association reported that CAMH has not been taking
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The Queen Street Site of CAMH contained the Samuel A. Malcolmson Lecture Theatre, named for the site's Chief Psychiatrist and Clinical Director of Forensics. In 2009, however, Malcolmson was subject to a disciplinary hearing of Ontario's College of Physicians and Surgeons, following that he sexually
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The Provincial Lunatic Asylum opened on 26 January 1850. It was subsequently renamed Asylum for the Insane, then Hospital for the Insane, then Ontario Hospital (1919), and then the Queen Street Mental Health Centre (1966). It had also been called the Toronto Lunatic Asylum and 999 Queen Street West.
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opened a clinic in his own home for people needing mental health services. There existed an Ontario statute allowing doctors to take up to four patients into their homes without a hospital license. To his surprise, his only patients all suffered from alcoholism. It soon became necessary to move to
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in 1951, expanding to branch offices and new locations in 1954, the same year they set up in-house research. In 1961, formally renamed the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario, ARF expanded its mission to include drugs. In 1971, they expanded to a clinical teaching hospital
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reported on what it deemed an apparent conflict of interest regarding the spending of public money, the hospital would not reveal how much it paid Catford or his company, nor would CAMH disclose any details of its contract with H.I. Next or what other firms bid on the work. Catford commented only
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The original buildings were constructed in a series of rigid lines and sharp angles, consistent with the belief at the time that orderly physical structure would facilitate orderly mental states for the patients. High walls segregated the patients from the community, establishing a long-standing
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In an interview with Toronto columnist Jerry Agar, CAMH's chief of forensic psychiatry, Sandy Simpson said "Clearly, we will be reviewing this carefully to look at how we assessed the risk in this case." Kate Richards of CAMH media relations subsequently said "We have tightened aspects of these
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One of the most widely reported incidents involved Thomas Brailsford, who was institutionalized at CAMH after beheading his mother and being deemed a "danger to himself and others." Brailsford took off from a taxicab on his way to a medical appointment, representing his second escape in a year.
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CAMH's forensic department and its leadership have been the subject of criticism from Ontario judges and the public for issues including public safety, patient civil rights violations, and turning away patients ordered to CAMH by judges. This culminated in Ontario Superior Court Justice Maureen
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Healy sued CAMH and the University of Toronto, alleging breach of contract, defamation, and denial of academic freedom. The lawsuit sought damages of $ 9.4 million, including $ 2.6 million from CAMH CEO Paul Garfinkel, and $ 1.4 million from the U of T Dean of Medicine. The university distanced
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Simpson has also been criticized by the Ontario Review Board for secluding a patient for two months but not informing the board, as required. Simpson claimed that the regulation "was unclear" about whether CAMH had a duty to report what it was doing. The board disagreed, ruling against CAMH.
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introduced the Affirming Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Act, aimed at banning conversion therapy practices. In June 2015, the legislation was passed unanimously by the provincial parliament. The law made LGBT conversion therapy illegal to provide to minors, and removed it from public
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In 2014, philanthropist and business executive Andrew Fass donated $ 1,000,000 to CAMH for the hospital to create a wellness program for its staff. In 2016, Fass withdrew his donation, saying that CAMH was unable to show how they were spending the money. The grant was to be used for CAMH's
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service in Canada and an international center for research. They said that in their studies, 80% of the children grow out of the behavior. They used different approaches with children than adolescents because they said that children were more likely to identify with their birth sex.
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In 2019, the Ontario government ordered a review of CAMH patient passes and privileges after a series of patient escapes from the secure forensic psychiatry units. In one case, a not criminally responsible (NCR) patient who absconded the hospital later left the country by plane.
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In 2012, CAMH announced the completion of three new buildings (forming Phase 1B of the project): the Bell Gateway Building for the central administration, a utilities and parking building, and the Intergenerational Wellness Centre which includes 12 new beds for youth ages 14–18.
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CAMH reports being the largest research facility in Canada for mental health and addictions, including over 100 scientists over 150 research trainees. In the 2014-2015 fiscal year, CAMH received $ 44,384,230 in research funding and published more than 500 research articles.
658:. In January 2015, members of Rainbow Health Ontario, a provincial health promotion and navigation organization, approached CAMH expressing their concerns regarding Zucker's clinic. Rainbow Health Ontario submitted a review of academic literature and clinical practices for
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larger facilities. To expand capacity, Bell opened Shadow Brook, which operated from 1947 to 1954, and then the Bell Clinic, which operated from 1954 to 1966. The Donwood Institute then opened in 1967, with 47 beds and a 4-month waiting list in the 1980s. Still focused on
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called the Clinical Research and Treatment Institute. In 1978 ARF opened the School for Addiction Studies and expanded their international role in policy development and research. Following provincial hospital restructuring in the 1990s, ARF was folded in 1998 into CAMH.
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In 2015, CAMH's facilities at the College St. site were put in jeopardy following notice of a rent increase from $ 1.2 million to $ 4 million per year, at the renewal of its 20-year lease. CAMH valued its property at $ 25 million, whereas the hospital's landlord,
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The lawsuit was settled with Healy receiving an appointment as visiting professor as the University of Toronto. The president of the Canadian Association of University Teachers, Vic Catano, said "We see the settlement as a complete vindication for Dr. Healy."
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Upon CAMH's formation, Peter Catford was appointed vice president for Information Technology. In 2002, Catford outsourced the public hospital's computer needs to H.I. Next, a private company which Catford founded and co-owned. When the
496:. CAMH CEO, Catherine Zahn, said research on the brain is the most promising pathway to progress in mental illness research. Bell donated $ 10 million to CAMH in 2011, reportedly the largest corporate gift in Canada to mental illness.
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The decision caused an "uproar" among Canadian academics, with the Canadian Association of University Teachers calling CAMH actions "an affront to academic freedom in Canada." Scientists from 13 countries, including Nobel laureates
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The external review noted numerous strengths of the clinic, but also described it as an insular entity with an approach dissimilar from other clinics and described it as being out of step with current best practices, including
783:. In a policy statement, CAMH said increased availability of gambling results in increased harms and predicted that a large portion of any increased revenues from the racetrack would come from people with gambling problems.
427:. His mandate was to determine the scope of alcoholism in Ontario. He was named executive director when ARF opened and remained in that post until 1976. Focusing initially on outpatient treatment, their first facility was
411:, valued it at $ 100 million. Brookfield turned down CBC's interview requests. A government arbitrator was appointed who valued the property at $ 55 million, yielding a rent increase that CAMH was reportedly able to pay.
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In 2020, the eight-storey, 110 patient bed McCain Complex Care & Recovery Building and five-storey 125 patient bed Crisis & Critical Care Building and 24-hour psychiatric emergency department were opened.
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Fredrick H. Lowy served as Psychiatrist-in-Chief of the Clarke from 1974 until 1980, followed by Vivian Rakoff from 1980 to 1990, and Paul E. Garfinkel from 1990 until the Clarke's 1998 merger into CAMH.
375:, a pioneer in mental health in Canada. The institute took over the clinical, teaching, and research functions of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital, located at 2 Surrey Place, which opened in 1925 under
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The Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute was established with a $ 30 million donation in 2011 from Linda Campbell, Gaye Farncombe, and Susan Grange, each granddaughters of Canadian magnate
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was found guilty and fined again. CAMH's Chief of Nursing, Rani Srivastava, said that CAMH accepted the court's decision adding that the violence had a “devastating impact” on “all of us at CAMH.”
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One recurrent issue has been the number of violent or dangerous patients who escape custody from CAMH's forensic wards. After filing a freedom of information act request with the police, the
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in 2007 and 2008. In 2014, the Ontario Ministry of Labour laid charges against CAMH for failing to protect workers from workplace violence by patients following an attack earlier that year.
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Reforms were made after a series of deaths at the Queen Street Mental Health Centre and newspaper accounts of involuntary drug treatment, electroshock therapy, and prison-like conditions.
592:, the widely used antidepressant manufactured by Eli Lilly. CAMH hired Healy to be the head of its Mood and Anxiety Program, but withdrew the job offer after hearing about Healy's views.
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The Addiction Research Foundation (ARF), then named the Alcoholism Research Foundation was founded in 1949, when H. David Archibald, who had studied at the School of Alcohol Studies at
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Psychiatrist and Clarke Institute President Paul E. Garfinkel was appointed the first President and CEO of CAMH in 1998. He was followed by neurologist Catherine Zahn in 2009.
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abused a patient and fathered a child with her. Malcomson pleaded "no contest" and resigned his license to practice. The lecture hall was renamed the Queen Street Auditorium.
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CAMH was formed from the 1998 merger of the Queen Street Mental Health Centre with the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Foundation, and Donwood Institute.
2548:
2126:"External review of the Gender Identity Clinic of the child, youth and family services in the underserved populations program at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health"
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CAMH opened the Emergency Department in 2014, funded by a $ 2.5 million private donation and a $ 4.2 million grant from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care.
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CAMH's administration has come under criticism including from staff who report safety problems and from donors who withdrew their funding citing accountability problems.
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itself from CAMH: According to U of T President, Robert Birgeneau, "Everyone is trying to blame the university for something that happened at one of our hospitals."
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518:"Well@Work" program, an initiative to provide Canadian workplaces with training to identify risks of mental illness and strategies to support employees in need.
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In 2008, CAMH announced the completion of four new buildings (forming Phase 1A of the project) to accommodate CAMH's Addiction and Mood & Anxiety Programs.
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No straitjacket required: a growing and vocal group of psychiatric survivors argues that diagnosing mental disorders is just a way to stifle social dissent ..
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662:, and expressed concern that the gender identity clinic was not following accepted practices. Others online linked the Gender Identity Clinic's practices to
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698:. They also raised concerns about clinicians asking age inappropriate questions. After the review, CAMH shut down the clinic and fired Zucker.
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1059:"CAMH says crippling rent increase puts College Street location in jeopardy: Coun. Joe Cressy says property owner using 'bully tactics'"
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2471:"Submission to the Premier's Advisory Council on Government Assets: The role of the LCBO in reducing alcohol-related harm in Ontario"
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reported that CAMH had nearly as many AWOLs as all other Toronto hospitals combined (2,060 and 2,371 for the period 2004 to 2014).
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patients in order to promote spiritual, physical, and emotional healing. Also in 2016, CAMH opened walk-in clinics for youth.
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coverage for adults. After the bill was passed into law, CAMH stated that they welcomed the unanimous support for the bill.
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449:, it claimed a 65% recovery rate for general population and an 85% recovery rate among physicians with addictions.
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1876:"Life as trans issues become mainstream question of how to address variant gender expression comes to forefront"
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2488:"Submission to the Ministry of the Attorney General: Proposed regulatory amendments to the Liquor Licence Act"
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that "I feel honoured to work with (CAMH) and I feel like it has been done ethically." In interviews with the
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678:. In February 2015, CAMH ordered an external review of its gender identity clinic for children and teens.
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2549:"Submission to the Toronto City Council Executive Committee: Expansion of gambling at Woodbine Racetrack"
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1483:"CAMH bolsters treatment services for Aboriginal patients with sweat lodge - CBC News | Indigenous"
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A Fragile Revolution: Consumers and Psychiatric Survivors Confront the Power of the Mental Health System
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2358:"CAMH changing day pass system, installing fences after review of escaped patients - CityNews Toronto"
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1680:"CAMH pleads guilty to workplace safety charge after alleged beating of nurse | CTV News"
1545:"A vision for the future: CAMH unveils new emergency department, therapeutic recovery complex"
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of transgender youth caused by conversion therapy, and referenced the high-profile case of
608:, protested CAMH's actions as did the Society for Academic Freedom and Scholarship (SAFS).
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In 2018, CAMH paid Zucker $ 586,000 and issued a public apology as part of a settlement.
2304:"CAMH says it has "tightened" procedures after mentally-ill killer bolted in September"
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1443:"CAMH loses $ 1 million donation due to 'issues of accountability' | Toronto Star"
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2340:"Opinion | CAMH will share its review of patients who fled the hospital grounds"
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Soon after CAMH was founded, its administration was embroiled in a scandal involving
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1505:"CAMH to open 3 youth mental health walk-in clinics in Toronto - Toronto - CBC News"
1420:"Philanthropist rescinds $ 1 million donation from CAMH citing lack of transparency"
1316:"CAMH gets 'monumental' $ 30M donation for research centre | CTV Toronto News"
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2049:"Ont. conversion therapy ban may see some gender identity clinics change approach"
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2101:"CAMH Supports Bill 77 Despite Criticism of Controversial Gender Identity Clinic"
1941:"CAMH Supports Bill 77 Despite Criticism of Controversial Gender Identity Clinic"
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2457:"Nurse suffers eye injury in assault at Centre for Addiction and Mental Health"
2282:"More patients go missing at CAMH than any other Toronto hospital, say numbers"
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Regarding adolescents, Zucker would "support a teenager or adult who wants to
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Upon its merger into CAMH in 1998, the Clarke building become known as the
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The institute was founded in 1966 and officially opened by Ontario Premier
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1959:"Outcry prompts CAMH to review its controversial treatment of trans youth"
1703:"CAMH donor says more transparency needed about money | Toronto Star"
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In 1975, psychiatrist Susan Bradley founded a clinic in CAMH to work with
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2436:"CAMH fined $ 80,000 after beating that left nurse 'beyond recognition'"
2407:"Reports of Assaults and Violence Toward Nurses Rising, Statistics Show"
2263:"Judges push back against hospitals turning away mentally ill offenders"
1993:"How the Fight Over Transgender Kids Got a Leading Sex Researcher Fired"
1807:"Rejected lecturer is suing Toronto | Times Higher Education (THE)"
1469:"CAMH officially opens new $ 7-million psychiatric emergency department"
1102:
Alcohol and temperance in modern history: an international encyclopedia.
823:"CAMH officially opens new $ 7-million psychiatric emergency department"
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2075:"Ontario passes NDP bill to ban conversion therapy for LGBTQ children"
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2178:"CAMH to 'wind down' gender identity clinic after review of services"
2019:
Banning Transgender Conversion Practices: A Legal and Policy Analysis
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has been a generous supporter of the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry.
2200:"CAMH reaches settlement with former head of gender identity clinic"
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Research hospitals of the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine
2152:"CAMH to 'wind down' controversial gender identity clinic services"
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Fonds – Toronto Psychiatric Hospital/Clarke Institute of Psychiatry
2021:. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press. p. 4.
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In 2007, following a series of attacks on staff by patients, the
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Zucker's approach was controversial and considered by some to be
1618:"Hospital VP to quit in 'conflict' concerns | Toronto Star"
1592:"Hospital VP's deal a conflict, critic says | Toronto Star"
1020:. University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry. Archived from
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children. Bradley collaborated for many years with psychologist
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506:, the former lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick and widow of
1352:"Toronto's 'new' Centre for Addiction and Mental Health opens"
1074:"Sudden rent hike puts CAMH College St. facility in jeopardy"
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2242:"CAMH criticized for isolating patient without notification"
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1046:. The Globe and Mail. The Canadian Press. 31 January 2014.
371:. It was named the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, after
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1658:"OPSEU Calls for Investigation Into IT Contract at CAMH"
1250:"Phase 1B Redevelopment Project Questions & Answers"
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2535:"Legalization is the best approach to cannabis control"
1088:"CAMH 24-hour College Street location will likely stay"
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and completed in 2012. Phase 1C is being undertaken by
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and ten community locations throughout the province of
1830:"Psychiatrist settles dispute with Toronto University"
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CAMH Queen St. Site, Intergenerational Wellness Centre
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1915:"Supporting Boys or Girls When the Line Isn't Clear"
1894:"Supporting Boys or Girls When the Line Isn't Clear"
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1395:"Million Dollar Gift to Create Healthier Workplaces"
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Hospitals affiliated with the University of Toronto
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383:became Medical Director and Psychiatrist-in-Chief.
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1272:"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Phase 1C"
632:, and they established the clinic as the largest
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2225:"Alarming numbers of people walking out of CAMH"
2814:Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital
1986:
1984:
1366:"Margaret McCain donates $ 10 million to CAMH"
1162:"The Donwood Institute: resort of last resort"
1044:"Conrad Black stripped of the Order of Canada"
841:"Drugs from D2 | The Scientist Magazine®"
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2376:"CAMH Hit With Nine Workplace Safety Charges"
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1577:"CAMH: Dr. Catherine Zahn, President and CEO"
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2180:. CBC News. Canadian Press. 15 December 2015
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1754:. Times Higher Education. 28 September 2001.
1644:"Hospital VP to quit in 'conflict' concerns"
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524:In 2016, CAMH constructed a sweat lodge for
3101:Addiction and substance abuse organizations
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1381:"Slaight family donates $ 50M to hospitals"
1338:"CAMH gets record $ 10M donation from Bell"
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2520:"CAMH calls for legalization of marijuana"
2390:"CAMH Fined for Failing to Protect Nurses"
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461:CAMH Queen St. Site, Bell Gateway Building
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2506:"Why Canada needs a new alcohol strategy"
2409:. Metro News. 1 July 2015. Archived from
1913:Brown, Patricia Leigh (2 December 2006).
1892:Brown, Patricia Leigh (2 December 2006).
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1809:. Times Higher Education. 11 January 2018
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291:Centre de toxicomanie et de santé mentale
2322:"CAMH should disclose security measures"
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800:"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health"
482:and is expected to be complete in 2020.
333:Queen Street Asylum for the Insane, 1910
2378:. The Globe and Mail. 26 November 2008.
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3003:Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
2916:Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute
2809:Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
2150:Ubelacker, Sheryl (15 December 2015).
1957:Cross, Jessica Smith (18 March 2015).
1793:"Exclusive: Dr. David Healy interview"
1791:Ruderman, Larissa (26 November 2001).
1318:. Toronto.ctvnews.ca. 28 November 2011
861:Scrivener, Leslie (25 February 2007).
241:Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
43:Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
3076:Mental health organizations in Canada
1965:. Metro International. Archived from
7:
2280:Lauren, Pelley (11 September 2015).
1752:"Rejected lecturer is suing Toronto"
1579:. Globe & Mail. 4 November 2009.
1368:. The Canadian Press. 25 April 2012.
1226:. Canadian Architect. Archived from
1202:"Redeveloping the Queen Street Site"
1072:Vendeville, Geoffrey (7 July 2015).
933:"CAMH theatre renamed after scandal"
889:. Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
2533:Zahn, Catherine (20 October 2014).
2392:. CBC News Toronto. 14 August 2009.
1874:Paterson, Tara (21 February 2015).
909:Horowitz, Corey (5 February 2015).
2302:Courtney, Russ (5 February 2016).
2073:The Canadian Press (4 June 2015).
2047:Ubelacker, Sheryl (12 June 2015).
1422:. Globalnews.ca. 29 September 2016
1397:. Marketwired.com. 23 October 2014
1340:. The Canadian Press. 11 May 2011.
1124:Donwood Institute fonds - Archeion
1100:Blocker JS, Fahey DM, Tyrrell IR.
1003:. Archives Association of Ontario.
29:Canadian Mental Health Association
25:
3018:Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
2834:Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
1991:Singal, Jesse (7 February 2016).
1467:Caton, Hilary (4 November 2014).
1441:Sammy Hudes (29 September 2016).
963:"Mental health progress and pain"
946:Mandel, Michelle (12 June 2009).
821:Caton, Hilary (4 November 2014).
453:CAMH Queen St. Site Redevelopment
325:Queen Street Mental Health Centre
188:Queen Street Mental Health Centre
3096:Psychiatric hospitals in Ontario
2968:Toronto Rehabilitation Institute
2761:Toronto Rehabilitation Institute
1379:Shah, Maryam (29 October 2013).
987:. This Magazine. 1 January 2002.
249:
58:
49:
2958:Princess Margaret Cancer Centre
2751:Princess Margaret Cancer Centre
2504:Weeks, Carly (2 October 2015).
2320:Agar, Jerry (8 February 2016).
1701:Sammy Hudes (16 October 2016).
1660:. Marketwired.com. 8 March 2007
1642:Bruser, David (10 March 2007).
1057:Strashin, Jamie (7 July 2015).
911:"The Ongoing Evolution of CAMH"
425:Liquor Control Board of Ontario
3111:1998 establishments in Ontario
3013:The Hospital for Sick Children
2829:The Hospital for Sick Children
1616:David Bruser (10 March 2007).
935:. National Post. 18 June 2009.
353:Clarke Institute of Psychiatry
190:Clarke Institute of Psychiatry
1:
3106:Hospitals established in 1998
2099:Lenti, Erica (25 June 2015).
1939:Lenti, Erica (25 June 2015).
1732:Boseley, Sarah (7 May 2001).
1590:David Bruser (8 March 2007).
1090:. CBC News. 19 November 2015.
683:Ontario Provincial Parliament
415:Addiction Research Foundation
192:Addiction Research Foundation
2906:Hennick Bridgepoint Hospital
2658:Hennick Bridgepoint Hospital
2638:Scarborough General Hospital
1563:"Research facts and figures"
1147:"Donwood comes back to CAMH"
961:Goar, Carol (13 June 2008).
620:Child Gender Identity Clinic
27:Not to be confused with the
2839:Toronto Grace Health Centre
2824:North York General Hospital
2777:William Osler Health System
2673:Toronto East Health Network
2522:. CBC News. 9 October 2014.
1846:10.1136/bmj.324.7347.1177/a
1160:Shilliday Greg (May 1983).
409:Brookfield Asset Management
342:stigma about the facility.
36:Hospital in Ontario, Canada
3132:
2978:Krembil Research Institute
2786:Etobicoke General Hospital
2721:St. Joseph's Health Centre
2619:Scarborough Health Network
1682:. Ctvnews.ca. 18 July 2016
1127:. Archeion.ca. 26 May 1985
802:. Peel.cioc.ca. 9 May 2019
750:Ontario Ministry of Labour
26:
2949:University Health Network
2742:University Health Network
2017:Ashley, Florence (2022).
1354:. CBC News. 21 June 2012.
885:Everett, Barbara (2000).
69:
57:
48:
3023:Women's College Hospital
2998:Baycrest Health Sciences
2973:Toronto Western Hospital
2963:Toronto General Hospital
2844:Women's College Hospital
2804:Baycrest Health Sciences
2766:Toronto Western Hospital
2756:Toronto General Hospital
2692:Trillium Health Partners
2131:. CAMH. 26 November 2015
774:Public policy statements
588:, a prominent critic of
392:CAMH College Street site
362:CAMH College Street site
3086:Transgender health care
2701:Queensway Health Centre
2681:Michael Garron Hospital
2459:. CBC. 25 October 2016.
1834:British Medical Journal
1828:Spurgeon David (2002).
948:"Michele Mandel Column"
863:Breakout at the asylum.
64:CAMH Queen Street Site.
2938:St. Michael's Hospital
2726:St. Michael's Hospital
1507:. Cbc.ca. 14 June 2016
1485:. Cbc.ca. 24 June 2016
470:
462:
364:
334:
289:
3052:43.64455°N 79.41761°W
2819:Humber River Hospital
2731:Providence Healthcare
2508:. The Globe and Mail.
1294:"Phase 1A: 2005-2008"
582:Eli Lilly and Company
468:
460:
360:
332:
143:University of Toronto
138:Affiliated university
2929:Unity Health Toronto
2911:Mount Sinai Hospital
2712:Unity Health Toronto
2663:Mount Sinai Hospital
2609:Hospitals in Toronto
311:Dopamine receptor D2
155:Emergency department
3057:43.64455; -79.41761
3048: /
2897:Sinai Health System
2649:Sinai Health System
2628:Birchmount Hospital
2362:toronto.citynews.ca
1772:on 25 February 2016
1551:. 26 November 2020.
1024:on 14 February 2016
843:. The-scientist.com
696:WPATH SOC Version 7
681:In March 2015, the
423:, was hired by the
373:Charles Kirk Clarke
232:Hospitals in Canada
119:Government hospital
3116:Scandals in Canada
2633:Centenary Hospital
2413:on 27 January 2016
2267:The Globe and Mail
2246:The Globe and Mail
2156:The Globe and Mail
2079:The Globe and Mail
2053:The Globe and Mail
1919:The New York Times
1899:The New York Times
1527:"Ontario Newsroom"
1230:on 22 January 2018
1224:"Mind Over Matter"
868:2011-06-07 at the
781:Woodbine Racetrack
765:Reporting failures
656:conversion therapy
648:The New York Times
576:David Healy Affair
471:
463:
429:Brookside Hospital
377:Clarence B. Farrar
365:
335:
3081:Health in Toronto
3031:
3030:
3008:Holland Bloorview
2852:
2851:
2537:. Ottawa Citizen.
1997:New York Magazine
1471:. Inside Toronto.
1172:(10): 1220–1221.
973:on 17 April 2024.
660:transgender youth
436:Donwood Institute
299:teaching hospital
237:
236:
194:Donwood Institute
102:Medicare (Canada)
85:, Ontario, Canada
18:Donwood Institute
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1969:on 20 March 2015
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