990:, which was only used once. This change was intended to give Fifth Republic presidents more power than they might have had under the original constitution. While still seen as the symbol and embodiment of the nation, the president also was given a popular mandate. Of course, the majority party of the National Assembly retained power as well, but since the popularly elected president appointed the prime minister (subject to the approval of the National Assembly), the former was seen as having the upper hand in any conflict between executive and legislature. Furthermore, the imbalance is further illustrated by the fact that the president can dissolve the Assembly at any time (but not more than once in a year), whereas the legislature has no powers of removal against the president.
36:
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in the late 19th century, voters cast their ballots by taking a ticket provided by a party worker and putting it in the ballot box. The party-column ballot listed all candidates of the party in a single column and allowed the voter to mark off the party box at the top, which encouraged straight-party
1056:
Singapore introduced the GRC system in 1988, where candidates for
Parliament run and are elected on a slate of 3 to 6 candidates in some constituencies, with a minimum of one minority candidate on each slate. The purported aim was to ensure minority representation in Parliament. However, it resulted
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The "coattail effect" is not usually caused by popular candidates convincing swing voters to cast their ballots for their party, although this is not unheard of. Rather, the effect often stems from popular candidates driving voter turnout among their own party base, people who are likely to vote for
993:
However, even after direct presidential elections were introduced, the presidential term remained at seven years, while the
National Assembly's term ran for five. The term imbalance could not guarantee that the President's preferred Prime Minister would enjoy a parliamentary majority, and a risk of
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There is also the "negative coattail" effect in which a controversial presidential candidate may hurt candidates on the party's ticket running for lower offices. Goldwater's poor showing in the presidential election of 1964 led to the defeat of dozens of
Republicans in the House of Representatives,
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In modern times voting machines have replaced the party-column ballot with the office-column ballot: candidates are grouped by office rather than party. Often there is no way to cast a party-line vote, and each office must be voted on separately. The proportion of voters choosing House and
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presidential candidates of different parties increased from 13 percent in 1952 to more than 40 percent in the elections of 1972, 1980, and 1988. Consequently, Presidential coattails were virtually eliminated in those elections, and a number of
Presidents, including
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won the White House with 40,831,881 votes, but
Democratic candidates for the House that year received 41,749,411 votes. In 1992, almost all Democrats elected to Congress won more votes in their congressional districts than the party's presidential candidate,
825:
Presidential coattails is the ability of a presidential candidate to bring out supporters who then vote for his party's candidates for other offices. In effect, the other candidates are said to ride on the presidential candidate's coattails.
971:, the presidential term ran for seven years. While the Presidents of the Third and Fourth republics were ceremonial figureheads, the Fifth Republic's constitution brought together a president with considerable executive powers and a
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are the most recent elections in which the same party both won the White House and took control of the House from their opponents. Since 1952, control of the House has changed hands six times, all of which were in midterm elections
1005:
After the 2000 amendment, Presidential and national assembly elections were merely two months apart. This resulted in a noticeable coattail effect, where the
President's party gains a majority in the National Assembly, even in
879:- when a President associated with unpopular policies is not up for re-election, the electorate will often respond by punishing Congressional candidates from the President's own party. The Presidential elections of
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voting and the coattails effect. Straight-party voting was the norm, and winners in presidential elections often had long coattails. They almost always began their term with majorities in the House and Senate.
998:- a situation of divided government where ideological rivals hold the Presidency and the Premiership - loomed. For this reason, a constitutional amendment to shorten the presidential term to five years
807:(GRCs) in Singapore, where candidates for Parliament run on a party slate of 3 to 6 candidates. This allows weak candidates to get elected "riding on the coattails" of strong candidates on their slate.
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This also refers to the phenomenon that same-party members of the U.S. Senate or House of
Representatives are more likely to be voted for on a year of the presidential election than a midterm.
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Presidents may suffer from a "reverse coattail" effect in which their party's candidates for the House or Senate get more votes than the presidents themselves. In 1976, for example,
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983:; the prime minister, similarly, was to "direct the work of government", providing a strong leadership to the legislative branch and to help overcome partisan squabbles.
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This theory is prevalent at all levels of government. Popular statewide candidates for governor or senator can also attract support for down ballot races of their party.
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in a "coattail effect" where unpopular and even unknown candidates are elected because they ran together with popular candidates (usually
Ministers) on the same slate.
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that it was used to recruit able people to join politics, particularly since the GRC system reduced the losses of the ruling party. In
Singapore, the ruling
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is the tendency for a popular political party leader to attract votes for other candidates of the same party in an election. For example, in the
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Since the end of World War II, there have been a total of five
American presidential elections that had coattail effects:
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that refers to one who achieves some level of success or notability primarily through association with someone else.
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leaving Johnson a large Democratic majority to pass his agenda. The negative coattail effect is also common in
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with the GRC system. As of 2015, there were only 6 fully elected Opposition MPs in the 89-seat Parliament.
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Calvert, Randall L.; Ferejohn, John A. (June 1983). "Coattail Voting in Recent Presidential Elections".
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Magleby, David B.; O'Brien, David M.; Light, Paul C.; Cronin, Thomas E.; Peltason, J. W. (2007).
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Campbell, James E.; Sumners, Joe A. (June 1990). "Presidential Coattails in Senate Elections".
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as well; these Members of Congress are voted into office "on the coattails" of the president.
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The "coattail effect" has also been used to derogatorily describe the effect of
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Since 1962, French presidents have been elected by popular vote, replacing the
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1320:(December 2008). "Singapore's Electoral System: Government by the People?".
912:) and all of which were at the expense of the incumbent President's party.
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Despite the official reason cited, it was later stated by former
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resulting in a landslide for Chirac against far-right candidate
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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1014:, favored to win in a run-off between him and incumbent
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1042:- formed in 2016 - instead of an established party).
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Pre-Election Polling: Sources of Accuracy and Error
1296:. Russell Sage Foundation. p. 124, 178–180.
1128:Government by the People, National, State, Local
1223:States Matter - Gerrymandering & Pipelines
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43:The examples and perspective in this article
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1018:, was placed third in the first round, with
441:Parallel voting (Mixed member majoritarian)
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406:Mixed single vote (positive vote transfer)
344:Proportional and semi-proportional systems
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81:Learn how and when to remove this message
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767:candidate will often win many seats in
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1239:The American Political Science Review
1179:The American Political Science Review
800:down-ballot party candidates anyway.
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1071:maintains almost total dominance in
1131:. Prentice Hall. pp. 319–323.
1046:Group representation constituencies
805:Group Representation Constituencies
301:Plurality and majoritarian systems
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1290:Crespi, Irving (23 August 1988).
1153:"Ride Coattails idiom definition"
1052:Group representation constituency
411:Scorporo (negative vote transfer)
1334:10.1111/j.1748-121X.2008.00106.x
1010:(where the Socialist candidate,
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834:Before the introduction of the
1220:Daley, David (24 April 2018).
416:Mixed ballot transferable vote
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967:was re-established under the
959:In the French Fifth Republic
763:, the party of a victorious
693:End-to-end verifiable voting
353:Single non-transferable vote
551:Voting patterns and effects
57:, discuss the issue on the
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1038:, ran under the banner of
373:Single transferable voting
310:First-past-the-post voting
813:can be used as a generic
777:This is prevalent in the
566:Voting advice application
396:Mixed-member proportional
325:Plurality-at-large voting
431:Rural–urban proportional
426:Dual-member proportional
401:Additional member system
1095:Straight-ticket voting
981:French Fourth Republic
821:Presidential coattails
581:Passive electioneering
482:Straight-ticket voting
1367:Political terminology
1069:People's Action Party
975:, responsible before
436:Majority bonus system
421:Alternative Vote Plus
320:Instant-runoff voting
1105:Lead-in and lead-out
963:Since the office of
830:In the United States
811:Riding the coattails
387:Mixed-member systems
63:create a new article
55:improve this article
1157:The Free Dictionary
1085:Government trifecta
1032:presidential race's
1000:was adopted in 2000
965:President of France
715:Politics portal
477:Split-ticket voting
1362:Political theories
1226:. Sister District.
1090:Reagan's coattails
1020:the actual run-off
757:down-ballot effect
688:Voter registration
647:Voter intimidation
171:Write-in candidate
144:Provisional ballot
18:Down-ballot effect
1107:(in broadcasting)
1024:Jean-Marie Le Pen
988:electoral college
925:Dwight Eisenhower
877:midterm elections
853:George H. W. Bush
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657:Voter suppression
637:Ballot harvesting
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576:Paradox of voting
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525:None of the above
457:Voting strategies
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358:Cumulative voting
292:Electoral systems
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217:Electronic voting
207:Compulsory voting
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1160:. Retrieved
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678:Election ink
662:Voter caging
571:Likely voter
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492:Vote pairing
467:Issue voting
265:Popular vote
247:Voting booth
212:Early voting
96:Part of the
77:
71:January 2011
68:
44:
1030:(where the
652:Vote buying
535:Spoilt vote
515:Donkey vote
242:Vote center
222:Open ballot
1356:Categories
1112:References
1073:Parliament
1040:En Marche!
977:Parliament
869:Ross Perot
670:Prevention
510:Abstention
378:Spare vote
368:Party-list
202:Ballot box
194:Collection
176:Electorate
158:Candidates
1342:143965283
1247:CiteSeerX
1207:147474806
122:Balloting
59:talk page
1277:14987482
1162:19 March
1079:See also
1034:winner,
815:metaphor
769:Congress
256:Counting
237:Precinct
53:You may
1269:1963532
1199:1958925
130:Ballots
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1026:) and
947:, and
851:, and
783:Canada
186:Ticket
105:Voting
1338:S2CID
1273:S2CID
1265:JSTOR
1203:S2CID
1195:JSTOR
270:Tally
181:Slate
61:, or
1298:ISBN
1164:2015
1133:ISBN
1028:2017
1008:2002
953:2008
945:1980
937:1964
929:1952
921:1948
910:2022
908:and
906:2018
902:2010
898:2006
894:1994
890:1954
885:1952
883:and
881:1948
781:and
751:The
160:and
1330:doi
1257:doi
1187:doi
951:in
943:in
935:in
927:in
919:in
755:or
1358::
1336:.
1326:28
1324:.
1271:.
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1255:.
1243:84
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1201:.
1193:.
1183:77
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1002:.
955:.
939:,
931:,
923:,
904:,
900:,
896:,
892:,
871:.
847:,
791:MP
1344:.
1332::
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1279:.
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888:(
740:e
733:t
726:v
84:)
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69:(
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20:)
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