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334:, adjacent to the House at the Back, and within walking distance of Parliament. Downing planned to build a row of townhouses "for persons of good quality to inhabit". However, the Hampden family had a lease which prevented their construction for 30 years. When the Hampden lease expired, Downing received permission to build further west to take advantage of recent developments. The new warrant issued in 1682 reads: "Sir George Downing ... to build new and more houses further westward on the grounds granted him by the patent of 1663/4 Feb. 23. The present grant is by reason that the said
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was unmarried at the time of taking up his post. Although Number 10 was the Prime
Minister's official residence and contained the prime ministerial offices, Blair and his family actually moved into the more spacious Number 11, while Brown lived in the more meagre apartments of Number 10. This was the
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in 1732 and now contains approximately 100 rooms. A private residence occupies the third floor and there is a kitchen in the basement. The other floors contain offices and conference, reception, sitting and dining rooms where the Prime
Minister works, and where government ministers, national leaders
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became increasingly violent, it was decided to retain the barriers, which were raised and strengthened. On 26 November 1920 construction commenced on a wooden barricade, 8 feet (2.4 m) high at the end of the street. They were described as being of a "substantial character" mounted on proper
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The upper end of the
Downing Street cul-de-sac closed access to St James's Park, making the street quiet and private. An advertisement in 1720 described it as "a pretty open Place, especially at the upper end, where are four or five very large and well-built Houses, fit for Persons of Honour and
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Throughout the history of these houses, ministers have lived by agreement in whatever rooms they thought necessary. On some occasions Number 11 has been occupied not by the
Chancellor of the Exchequer but by the individual considered to be the nominal deputy Prime Minister (whether or not they
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to formalise the restrictions by means of a traffic management order. This by implication results in
Downing Street being inaccessible to the general public as admittance is only granted by the Police to scheduled visitors, Parliamentary pass holders and members of the accredited press.
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of two-storey townhouses with coach-houses, stables and views of St James's Park. How many he built is not clear; most historians say 15, others say 20. The addresses changed several times; Number 10 was numbered 5 for a while, and was renumbered in 1787. Downing employed
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Downing Street looking west. The
Foreign and Commonwealth Office is on the left, the red house is No. 12, the dark houses are No. 11 and No. 10 (nearer, and partially obscured), and the building on the right is the
270:. Over time, government offices and officials came to occupy most of the street's townhouses. The houses on the south side of the street were demolished in the 19th century to make way for government offices now occupied by the
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occupied Number 11. That was for precisely the same reason—at the time, Number 10 was the more spacious apartment and Sir
Stafford had a larger family. Blair and Brown's arrangement continued between Brown (at Number 11) and
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on the
Foreign Office side to keep pedestrians off the main part of the street. The proposal came with assurances that tourists would still be permitted to take photographs at the door of Number 10. The Prime Minister,
489:. It formerly held the offices for previous ministerial departments which have since been dissolved or moved. Since 2014 it has housed the offices of the Chief Whip, though their official address remained No. 12.
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Downing probably never lived in his townhouses. In 1675, he retired to
Cambridge, where he died a few months after the houses were completed. His portrait hangs in the entrance foyer of the modern Number 10.
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In 1982 access was further restricted by railings and a demountable gate. They were replaced by black steel gates in 1989. The increase in security was due to an increase in violence, particularly by the
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On the afternoon of 25 May 2023 the gates were damaged when a car crashed into them. The Prime
Minister was inside at the time. A man was arrested by police and the incident was not terrorism related.
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to design the houses. Although large, they were put up quickly and cheaply on soft soil with shallow foundations. The fronts had facades with lines painted on the surface imitating brick mortar.
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and foreign dignitaries are met and entertained. At the rear is an interior courtyard and a terrace overlooking a garden of 0.5 acres (2,000 m). Other residents of 10 Downing Street are the
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or the greater part thereof is since demolished; but it is to be subject to the proviso that it be not built any nearer than 14 feet of the wall of the said Park at the West end thereof."
505:. The two roles have been filled by the same person since the 1720s with almost no exceptions. It has fulfilled this role since 1735. Originally three houses, Number 10 was offered to
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554:, formerly the Chief Whip's Office, houses the Prime Minister's Press Office, Strategic Communications Unit and Information and Research Unit. In the 1820s it was occupied by the
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actually took the title); this was particularly common in coalition governments. Sometimes a minister only uses the Downing Street flat for formal occasions and lives elsewhere.
604:, which also occupied two houses on the south side of the street. 18 was occupied by the West India Department of the Colonial Office and 20 was occupied by the Tithe Commission.
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311:, on the site of a mansion, Hampden House. Little is known about what was on the site before the mansion, but there is evidence of a brewhouse called 'The Axe', owned by the
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took rooms in Downing Street during his stay in London during 1762–63 at a rent of £22 per annum. He records having dealings with prostitutes in the adjacent park.
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that were taken over by the government and demolished in 1824 to allow the construction of the Privy Council Office, Board of Trade and Treasury offices.
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along Downing Street has not been extinguished nor subject to a gating order and the road retains the status of a public highway maintained by
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claimed residence in numbers 10, 11 and 12 for himself and his family. He was both Chancellor of the Exchequer and Prime Minister at the time.
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Quality; each House having a pleasant Prospect into St James's Park, with a Tarras Walk". The houses had several distinguished residents. The
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The houses between Number 9 and Whitehall were acquired by the government and demolished in 1824 to allow the construction of the
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In practice, these office-holders may live in different flats in the complex, depending on their and their family's requirements.
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offices. In 1861, the houses on the south side of Downing Street were replaced by purpose-built government offices for the
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on 11 November 1920. They were a public safety measure intended to prevent the crowds in Whitehall becoming too dense.
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formerly closed off the western end of the street. It was leased as a town house from 1723 to 1797. It was acquired by
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Vehicle access was curtailed in 1973 when metal barriers were placed across the entrance to the street. In 1974, the
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Text of the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (Designated Sites under Section 128) Order 2007 (No. 930)
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was originally part of 12 Downing Street before the housing area was partially re-built and re-numbered in 1876.
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There used to be a public house, the Rose and Crown, in Downing Street. In 1830 the tenant was a Mr Dixon.
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wrote "I much regret this further erosion of the Englishman's right to wander at will in Downing Street."
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in the 19th century. Some parts were demolished in the 1860s, and by 1876 it had been removed completely.
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wrote that Number 10 was "shaky and lightly built by the profiteering contractor whose name they bear".
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View of the old Foreign Office and other buildings on Downing Street in an 1827 watercolour by
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since 1828. The residence was built alongside the official residence of the Prime Minister at
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for criminal trespass, the street was not included in the boundaries of the designated area.
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Although the Downing Street government buildings and grounds are a designated site under the
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foundations and incorporated vehicle gates. The barriers were taken down in 1922 when the
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magazine). In 2005, Westminster City Council used anti-terrorism powers contained in the
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Barriers were erected at the St James's Park end of the street for the unveiling of the
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For more than three hundred years, it has held the official residences of both the
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being a married man with three children living at home, while his counterpart
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Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster.
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Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster.
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Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster.
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Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster.
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took power, a swap was carried out by the new incumbents of the two titles;
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The houses at the end of the street were arranged around Downing Square.
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in 1863, and was occupied by the marine and railway departments of the
566:. It was badly damaged by fire in 1879, and underwent further changes.
1191:"Man arrested after crashing car into Downing Street gates in London"
250:, the office now synonymous with that of the Prime Minister, and the
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Since 1989, entering Downing Street has required passing through a
1273:"House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 24 Jul 2002 (pt 41)"
1244:"House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 19 Dec 2001 (pt 59)"
807:(although its legality has been questioned by a correspondent for
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Downing Street in the late 1980s, before the gates were installed
1018:"Matthew d'Ancona: Michael Gove is now Chief Whip to the nation"
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Access through these gates led to a political scandal known as
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as originally enacted or made within the United Kingdom, from
399:(died 1749). A door from Number 10 is in use in the college.
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Jones, see back cover picture credited to Robert Hill @ BBC.
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at Number 10. Boris Johnson similarly resided at Number 11.
1217:"Man arrested after car crashes into Downing Street gates"
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Second Lord of the Treasury (Chancellor of the Exchequer)
1309:"What powers do the Downing Street police actually have?"
904:"Downing Street (Hampden House) - British History Online"
1275:. Parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk. Archived from
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proposed erecting a semi-permanent barrier between the
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was founded in 1800, under the terms of the will of
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Downing was a soldier and diplomat who served under
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This is London — Downing St? We’d really rather not
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1363:online (see items 14–18 in the table of contents).
1113:"House of Commons Hansard Debates for 25 Oct 1989"
1163:"House of Commons Hansard Debates for 9 Jan 1990"
1141:"Wilson blocked plans for barriers outside No 10"
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1289:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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799:. Public access was curtailed by relying on
281:The term "Downing Street" is also used as a
272:Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
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823:Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005
691:The gates at the entrance to Downing Street
457:, which has its main frontage to Whitehall.
239:. Downing Street was built in the 1680s by
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373:lived at Number 10 between 1688 and 1689,
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520:Downing Street Director of Communications
341:Between 1682 and 1684, Downing built the
274:. Opposite, for part of the street, the
465:A corner at Downing Street and Whitehall
40:Downing Street seen from Whitehall, 2013
1487:Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury
1307:Green, David Allen (19 December 2012).
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646:lived in Number 10 at one point, while
534:has been the official residence of the
179:Official residences and offices of the
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655:(at Number 10), and continued in the
473:were the houses between Number 9 and
307:The street was built in the 1680s by
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503:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
315:, and the premises of the goldsmith
221:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
181:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1499:Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office
524:Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office
487:Downing Street Press Briefing Room
185:Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office
14:
1583:Prime Minister's New Year Message
1085:Build wall around Premier's house
1042:Morning Advertiser 07 August 1830
884:List of eponymous roads in London
791:Technically speaking, the public
749:Assassination of Lord Mountbatten
497:is the official residence of the
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847:mortar bombed by the IRA in 1991
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1656:1680s establishments in England
1522:Parliamentary Private Secretary
704:movement for Irish independence
642:second time this had occurred;
397:Sir George Downing, 3rd Baronet
381:from 1699 to 1703. The diarist
309:Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet
302:Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet
79:Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet
21:Downing Street (disambiguation)
285:for the Prime Minister or the
66:Location within Central London
1:
1598:Portrait of Margaret Thatcher
1568:Downing Street Christmas Tree
1246:. Publications.parliament.uk.
1165:. Publications.parliament.uk.
1115:. Publications.parliament.uk.
879:Downing Street Christmas Tree
837:. The street is patrolled by
582:in 1798, and was used by the
266:has an official residence at
815:Civil Contingencies Act 2004
667:at Number 10) and under the
600:. 15-16 formerly housed the
516:Spouse of the Prime Minister
1517:Principal Private Secretary
1145:Huddersfield Daily Examiner
843:Diplomatic Protection Group
540:Chancellor of the Exchequer
536:Second Lord of the Treasury
252:Second Lord of the Treasury
225:Chancellor of the Exchequer
189:Chancellor of the Exchequer
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1537:Director of Communications
1470:First Lord of the Treasury
1348:Number 10 official website
1006:Downing College, Cambridge
669:premiership of Theresa May
499:First Lord of the Treasury
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393:Downing College, Cambridge
377:from 1692 to 1696 and the
248:First Lord of the Treasury
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908:www.british-history.ac.uk
440:Townhouse (Great Britain)
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16:Street in London, England
797:Westminster City Council
98:217 m (712 ft)
1509:Prime Minister's Office
1098:"Number 10 Transformed"
620:William Ewart Gladstone
485:is the location of the
1627:51.503222°N 0.127500°W
1070:Where does Boris Live?
849:and again after 9/11.
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556:Judge Advocate-General
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1578:Number 10 Policy Unit
1573:Ministerial Broadcast
1552:Official Spokesperson
1492:Government Chief Whip
1313:New Statesman (blogs)
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627:1997 general election
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363:John Chessell Buckler
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1439:Privy Council Office
1022:The Evening Standard
594:15–20 Downing Street
404:Privy Council Office
371:Countess of Yarmouth
348:Sir Christopher Wren
237:Houses of Parliament
19:For other uses, see
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1588:Press Briefing Room
1527:Political Secretary
1417:Chief Whip's Office
1279:on 13 October 2008.
1087:, 27 November 1920.
1057:21 May 2010 at the
920:Bolitho, pp. 16–21.
835:security checkpoint
805:breach of the peace
779:Public right of way
716:Metropolitan Police
262:. The government's
219:and offices of the
217:official residences
128: /
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1547:Director of Policy
1330:legislation.gov.uk
803:powers to prevent
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560:East India Company
507:Sir Robert Walpole
471:1-8 Downing Street
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287:British Government
241:Sir George Downing
132:51.5034°N 0.1276°W
1661:Streets in London
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1434:12 Downing Street
1429:11 Downing Street
1424:10 Downing Street
959:Feely, pp. 28–31.
938:Feely, pp. 17–31.
929:Jones, pp. 24–32.
733:private secretary
675:at Number 11 and
663:at Number 11 and
648:Benjamin Disraeli
598:Horse Guards Road
576:14 Downing Street
570:13 Downing Street
551:12 Downing Street
531:11 Downing Street
494:10 Downing Street
352:Winston Churchill
313:Abbey of Abingdon
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1024:. 16 July 2014
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158:Construction
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673:Theresa May
629:, in which
428:Home Office
209:Westminster
135: /
111:Coordinates
103:Postal code
1645:Categories
1201:11 October
890:References
801:common law
767:Chief Whip
635:Tony Blair
625:After the
584:War Office
438:See also:
426:, and the
343:cul-de-sac
264:Chief Whip
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163:Completion
120:51°30′12″N
1593:Partygate
1463:Residence
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841:from the
702:When the
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580:the Crown
544:Number 10
475:Whitehall
268:Number 12
260:Number 11
233:Whitehall
176:Known for
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123:0°07′39″W
1285:cite web
1252:cite web
1221:BBC News
1195:ABC News
1171:cite web
1121:cite web
1055:Archived
873:See also
829:Security
760:Gategate
756:Plebgate
720:pavement
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546:in 1682.
412:Treasury
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853:Notes
451:Barry
171:Other
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