194:, blossomed and became highly profitable. More conventional retailers found online merchandising to be a profitable additional source of revenue. While some online entertainment and news outlets failed when their seed capital ran out, others persisted and eventually became economically self-sufficient. Traditional media outlets (newspaper publishers, broadcasters and cablecasters in particular) also found the Web to be a useful and profitable additional channel for content distribution, and an additional means to generate advertising revenue. The sites that survived and eventually prospered after the bubble burst had two things in common: a sound business plan, and a niche in the marketplace that was, if not unique, particularly well-defined and well-served.
230:. While some of the new entrepreneurs had experience in business and economics, the majority were simply people with ideas, and did not manage the capital influx prudently. Additionally, many dot-com business plans were predicated on the assumption that by using the Internet, they would bypass the distribution channels of existing businesses and therefore not have to compete with them; when the established businesses with strong existing brands developed their own Internet presence, these hopes were shattered, and the newcomers were left attempting to break into markets dominated by larger, more established businesses.
33:
4258:
444:
573:
435:
45:
584:. There were concerns that computer systems would have trouble changing their clock and calendar systems from 1999 to 2000 which might trigger wider social or economic problems, but there was virtually no impact or disruption due to adequate preparation. Spending on marketing also reached new heights for the sector: Two dot-com companies purchased ad spots for
729:, a much-hyped company that had backing from Amazon.com, went out of business only nine months after completing its IPO. By that time, most Internet stocks had declined in value by 75% from their highs, wiping out $ 1.755 trillion in value. In January 2001, just three dot-com companies bought advertising spots during
237:
index peaking at 5,048.62 on March 10 (5,132.52 intraday), more than double its value just a year before. By 2001, the bubble's deflation was running full speed. A majority of the dot-coms had ceased trading, after having burnt through their venture capital and IPO capital, often without ever making
420:
many dot-com stocks at the peak of the bubble during what he called "temporary insanity" and a "once-in-a-lifetime opportunity". He shorted stocks just before the expiration of lockup periods ending six months after initial public offerings, correctly anticipating many dot-com company executives
197:
In the aftermath of the dot-com bubble, telecommunications companies had a great deal of overcapacity as many
Internet business clients went bust. That, plus ongoing investment in local cell infrastructure kept connectivity charges low, and helped to make high-speed Internet connectivity more
899:." Meaning that you need some of this mania to cause investors to open up their pocketbooks and finance the building of the railroads or the automobile or aerospace industry or whatever. And in this case, much of the capital invested was lost, but also much of it was invested in a very high
642:, however, "he didn't raise interest rates to curb the market's enthusiasm; he didn't even seek to impose margin requirements on stock market investors. Instead, he waited until the bubble burst, as it did in 2000, then tried to clean up the mess afterward". Finance author and commentator
272:" and advances in connectivity, uses of the Internet, and computer education. Between 1990 and 1997, the percentage of households in the United States owning computers increased from 15% to 35% as computer ownership progressed from a luxury to a necessity. This marked the shift to the
683:
announced a revenue restatement due to aggressive accounting practices. Its stock price, which had risen from $ 7 per share to as high as $ 333 per share in a year, fell $ 140 per share, or 62%, in a day. The next day, the
Federal Reserve raised interest rates, leading to an
786:. Supporting industries, such as advertising and shipping, scaled back their operations as demand for services fell. However, many companies were able to endure the crash; 48% of dot-com companies survived through 2004, albeit at lower valuations.
214:'s online department store. The low price of reaching millions worldwide, and the possibility of selling to or hearing from those people at the same moment when they were reached, promised to overturn established business dogma in advertising,
678:
featured a cover article titled "Burning Up; Warning: Internet companies are running out of cashβfast", which predicted the imminent bankruptcy of many
Internet companies. This led many people to rethink their investments. That same day,
494:" invincibility led some companies to engage in lavish spending on elaborate business facilities and luxury vacations for employees. Upon the launch of a new product or website, a company would organize an expensive event called a
1573:
537:
in the United States in 1999 had to be re-run when the winners defaulted on their bids of $ 4 billion. The re-auction netted 10% of the original sales prices. When financing became hard to find as the bubble burst, the high
903:
backbone for the
Internet, and lots of software that works, and databases and server structure. All that stuff has allowed what we have today, which has changed all our lives... that's what all this speculative mania
714:. This led to a one-day 15% decline in the value of shares in Microsoft and a 350-point, or 8%, drop in the value of the Nasdaq. Many people saw the legal actions as bad for technology in general. That same day,
482:
as fast as possible, using the mottos "get big fast" and "get large or get lost". These companies offered their services or products for free or at a discount with the expectation that they could build enough
1129:
2712:
363:
rose in value by 2,619%, 12 other large-cap stocks each rose over 1,000% in value, and seven additional large-cap stocks each rose over 900% in value. Even though the Nasdaq
Composite rose 85.6% and the
80:. Between 1995 and its peak in March 2000, investments in the NASDAQ composite stock market index rose by 800%, only to fall 78% from its peak by October 2002, giving up all its gains during the bubble.
1162:
518:
in
Virginia, governments funded technology infrastructure and created favorable business and tax law to encourage companies to expand. The growth in capacity vastly outstripped the growth in demand.
198:
affordable. During this time, a handful of companies found success developing business models that helped make the World Wide Web a more compelling experience. These include airline booking sites,
2010:
1428:
725:, the due date to pay taxes on gains realized in the previous year. By June 2000, dot-com companies were forced to reevaluate their spending on advertising campaigns. On November 9, 2000,
396:
via an IPO and raise a substantial amount of money even if it had never made a profitβor, in some cases, realized any material revenue or even have a finished product. People who received
2168:
514:
companies invested more than $ 500 billion, mostly financed with debt, into laying fiber optic cable, adding new switches, and building wireless networks. In many areas, such as the
1562:
1942:
351:. Between 1995 and 2000, the Nasdaq Composite stock market index rose 400%. It reached a priceβearnings ratio of 200, dwarfing the peak priceβearnings ratio of 80 for the Japanese
5929:
3136:
226:βit could bring together unrelated buyers and sellers in seamless and low-cost ways. Entrepreneurs around the world developed new business models, and ran to their nearest
6464:
6449:
2588:
1263:
1043:
778:
After venture capital was no longer available, the operational mentality of executives and investors completely changed. A dot-com company's lifespan was measured by its
2523:
6426:
1977:
773:
2102:
343:
and confidence that the companies would turn future profits created an environment in which many investors were willing to overlook traditional metrics, such as the
371:
An unprecedented amount of personal investing occurred during the boom and stories of people quitting their jobs to trade on the financial market were common. The
2701:
1125:
6411:
6350:
6313:
1195:
6529:
6147:
924:
6471:
2644:
6010:
5042:
1343:
1231:
1152:
953:
4294:
3070:
2071:
6395:
6255:
6154:
2840:
1909:
5075:
6262:
5738:
2873:
2044:
2000:
6105:
4160:
2201:
1418:
64:
that ballooned during the late-1990s and peaked on Friday, March 10, 2000. This period of market growth coincided with the widespread adoption of the
6336:
6189:
6182:
5987:
5676:
4776:
1392:
6419:
6306:
6126:
6119:
3433:
1744:
368:
rose 19.5% in 1999, more stocks fell in value than rose in value as investors sold stocks in slower growing companies to invest in
Internet stocks.
6493:
4939:
6112:
5365:
5286:
4421:
4410:
1844:
1779:
806:
696:
6299:
6203:
6168:
5863:
5358:
1463:
884:
gained market share and came to dominate their respective fields. The most valuable public companies are now generally in the technology sector.
721:
On Friday, April 14, 2000, the Nasdaq
Composite index fell 9%, ending a week in which it fell 25%. Investors were forced to sell stocks ahead of
400:
became instant paper millionaires when their companies executed IPOs; however, most employees were barred from selling shares immediately due to
6025:
2906:
288:
5980:
5893:
2158:
5642:
5634:
3364:
3334:
3268:
3178:
2268:
2243:
1544:
1386:
1010:
4228:
3037:
1876:
638:, raised interest rates several times; these actions were believed by many to have caused the bursting of the dot-com bubble. According to
1932:
546:. Bond investors recovered just over 20% of their investments. However, several telecom executives sold stock before the crash including
6328:
5597:
2777:
1157:
750:
6357:
2555:
2490:
2458:
2426:
2359:
2327:
238:
a profit. But despite this, the
Internet continues to grow, driven by commerce, ever greater amounts of online information, knowledge,
6566:
6556:
4915:
3243:
2938:
2744:
1643:
6486:
6292:
5944:
5811:
5561:
3392:
3310:
3224:
5731:
2677:
2394:
5343:
4515:
3126:
340:
219:
2578:
6133:
5907:
5394:
4909:
4287:
3004:
2868:
2612:
2135:
1678:
1253:
1033:
6098:
1607:
619:. The merger was the largest to date and was questioned by many analysts. Then, on January 30, 2000, 12 ads of the 61 ads for
6561:
6321:
6285:
6196:
5068:
4730:
4613:
2513:
1498:
507:
300:
6457:
3278:
Goldfarb, Brent D.; Kirsch, David; Miller, David A. (April 24, 2006). "Was There Too Little Entry During the Dot Com Era?".
2295:
1966:
1811:
649:
On Friday March 10, 2000, the NASDAQ Composite stock market index peaked at 5,048.62. However, on March 13, 2000, news that
143:
Historically, the dot-com boom can be seen as similar to a number of other technology-inspired booms of the past, including
339:(IPO), fueled speculation and encouraged investment in technology. A combination of rapidly increasing stock prices in the
6571:
6522:
6161:
6032:
5973:
5826:
2094:
2067:
919:
757:
386:
5694:
3103:
6224:
6068:
6061:
6018:
5966:
5900:
5498:
4953:
4891:
4574:
3426:
2807:
891:, who funded many dot-com companies and lost 90% of his net worth when the bubble burst, said about the dot-com bubble:
635:
511:
296:
1711:
6380:
6372:
6046:
6039:
5959:
5886:
5878:
5870:
5848:
5247:
4879:
4867:
4836:
4099:
3486:
1184:
820:
After suffering losses, retail investors transitioned their investment portfolios to more cautious positions. Popular
527:
356:
284:
6364:
6269:
6075:
5753:
5516:
4996:
4765:
4667:
4631:
4625:
4533:
4455:
4280:
3526:
3374:
3065:
2634:
515:
3188:
Aharon, David Y.; Gavious, Ilanit; Yosef, Rami (2010). "Stock market bubble effects on mergers and acquisitions".
1333:
1221:
6576:
6479:
6403:
6175:
5658:
5650:
5061:
5032:
4467:
3942:
943:
316:
239:
108:
3060:
2079:
344:
6140:
5803:
5775:
5612:
4933:
4921:
4551:
3977:
3862:
2830:
1899:
1191:
764:
since the peak. At its trough on
October 9, 2002, the NASDAQ-100 had dropped to 1,114, down 78% from its peak.
669:
rose 2.4% as investors shifted from strong performing technology stocks to poor performing established stocks.
608:
251:
4485:
782:, the rate at which it spent its existing capital. Many dot-com companies ran out of capital and went through
178:
In 2000, the dot-com bubble burst, and many dot-com startups went out of business after burning through their
2971:
2863:
2033:
1563:"John Templeton profited from 'temporary insanity' in 2000 β now it's your turn, says longtime money manager"
452:
Dot-com companies spent most of their investments in marketing efforts. Left: A promotional music CD for the
6551:
6515:
6433:
5937:
5840:
5441:
4984:
4945:
4873:
4655:
4643:
4479:
4261:
3491:
3419:
2999:
2389:
2163:
1673:
1493:
888:
722:
692:
674:
377:
336:
5605:
5387:
4150:
2191:
623:
were purchased by dot-coms (sources state ranges from 12 up to 19 companies depending on the definition of
6508:
6210:
5456:
5449:
5401:
5103:
4978:
4958:
4927:
4903:
4819:
4589:
4473:
4022:
3384:
3260:
2039:
453:
277:
1734:
6440:
5833:
5687:
5350:
5332:
5259:
5238:
5002:
4990:
4897:
4679:
4601:
4503:
4497:
4388:
4377:
4349:
4324:
4196:
4145:
1368:
1338:
896:
761:
711:
567:
397:
1834:
1768:
643:
299:, allegedly fueled investments in the stock market by putting a positive spin on stock valuations. The
1452:
6387:
6217:
5761:
5373:
5278:
5270:
5182:
4673:
4607:
4539:
4491:
4449:
4094:
3892:
3302:
734:
685:
257:
2896:
718:
published a widely read article that stated: "It's time, at last, to pay attention to the numbers".
6343:
6053:
5951:
5856:
5716:
5568:
5486:
5320:
5145:
4792:
4754:
4736:
4709:
4691:
4461:
4426:
4365:
4339:
4189:
4182:
4049:
3992:
3797:
3662:
3611:
3098:
2196:
1972:
421:
would sell shares as soon as possible, and that large-scale selling would force down share prices.
348:
183:
61:
32:
1292:
Teeter, Preston; Sandberg, Jorgen (2017). "Cracking the enigma of asset bubbles with narratives".
999:
627:). At that time, the cost for a 30-second commercial was between $ 1.9 million and $ 2.2 million.
5226:
4760:
4748:
4703:
4661:
4557:
4545:
4404:
4334:
4242:
4017:
3792:
3320:
3032:
2707:
1638:
1423:
1309:
914:
738:
580:
Nearing the turn of the 2000s, spending on technology was volatile as companies prepared for the
467:
413:
227:
3027:
1866:
268:, popularizing use of the Internet. Internet use increased as a result of the reduction of the "
5312:
5295:
5196:
5008:
4637:
4584:
4563:
4527:
4509:
4415:
4371:
4069:
3937:
3682:
3667:
3652:
3606:
3591:
3506:
3388:
3360:
3330:
3306:
3283:
3264:
3239:
3220:
3174:
2835:
2264:
2239:
2235:
2005:
1739:
1540:
1536:
1382:
1222:"If you're too young to remember the insanity of the dot-com bubble, check out these pictures"
1064:
A revealing look at the dot-com bubble of 2000 β and how it shapes our lives today | (ted.com)
585:
581:
385:
reported on the stock market with the same level of suspense as many networks provided to the
135:
lost large portions of their market capitalization, with Cisco losing 80% of its stock value.
3287:
2767:
2159:"Dot-Com Super Bowl Advertisers Fumble / But Down Under, LifeMinders.com may win at Olympics"
1076:βWallets and eyeballsβ: how eBay turned the internet into a marketplace | eBay | The Guardian
6277:
5792:
5787:
5203:
5175:
5152:
5084:
4852:
4847:
4824:
4619:
4329:
4165:
3997:
3867:
3832:
3782:
3737:
3697:
3672:
3657:
3616:
3596:
3581:
3571:
3378:
3344:
3197:
2545:
2480:
2448:
2416:
2349:
2317:
2290:
1937:
1520:
1378:
1301:
1258:
1226:
1038:
829:
794:
746:
707:
657:
triggered a global sell off that disproportionately affected technology stocks. Soon after,
650:
620:
589:
534:
519:
311:
As a result of these factors, many investors were eager to invest, at any valuation, in any
191:
128:
37:
2928:
1633:
6237:
6087:
5922:
5768:
5724:
5623:
5124:
4968:
4830:
4798:
4720:
4595:
4521:
4303:
4203:
4029:
3822:
3757:
3722:
3692:
3677:
3461:
3456:
3061:"After the Dot-Com Bubble: Silicon Valley High-Tech Employment And Wages in 2001 and 2008"
2734:
1774:
1706:
1458:
1005:
895:
A friend of mine has a great line. He says "Nothing important has ever been built without
856:
in the job market. University enrollment for computer-related degrees dropped noticeably.
837:
730:
616:
547:
533:, raised Β£22.5 billion. In Germany, in August 2000, the auctions raised Β£30 billion. A 3G
484:
417:
409:
332:
328:
312:
273:
179:
112:
88:
77:
73:
303:
was expected to result in many new technologies from which many people wanted to profit.
283:
At the same time, a decline in interest rates increased the availability of capital. The
2667:
2383:
5914:
5819:
5189:
5168:
5037:
4862:
4786:
4742:
4697:
4685:
4155:
4044:
3972:
3887:
3546:
3516:
3511:
3496:
3481:
2518:
833:
821:
790:
715:
703:
631:
596:
551:
471:
401:
393:
392:
At the height of the boom, it was possible for a promising dot-com company to become a
292:
269:
265:
116:
65:
6545:
5665:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5554:
5538:
5530:
5523:
5509:
5479:
5472:
5465:
5423:
5416:
5409:
5380:
5219:
5212:
5138:
5110:
5022:
4443:
4140:
4064:
4007:
3917:
3717:
3702:
3601:
3556:
3476:
3356:
3349:
3216:
3163:
2228:
2125:
1532:
1525:
1313:
868:
As growth in the technology sector stabilized, companies consolidated; some, such as
814:
742:
737:
accelerated the stock-market drop. Investor confidence was further eroded by several
680:
495:
203:
164:
160:
144:
132:
2994:
2602:
1667:
5994:
5745:
5546:
5117:
5027:
4649:
4319:
4314:
4119:
4034:
4002:
3897:
3762:
3727:
3566:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3521:
3405:
2901:
2223:
1904:
1839:
1596:
1414:
1106:
Where Are They Now: 17 Dot-Com Bubble Companies And Their Founders (cbinsights.com)
853:
654:
639:
555:
530:
475:
443:
375:
took advantage of the public's desire to invest in the stock market; an article in
1487:
1097:
The new dot com bubble is here: itβs called online advertising β The Correspondent
3400:
3324:
3296:
3254:
3210:
3165:
Digital Phoenix; Why the Information Economy Collapsed and How it Will Rise Again
2285:
1801:
1372:
6248:
5705:
5304:
5161:
5131:
4809:
4398:
4359:
4235:
4089:
4039:
3767:
3742:
3642:
3561:
3551:
3466:
3131:
1568:
857:
798:
783:
612:
604:
491:
261:
124:
3201:
1000:"Investors should not dismiss Cisco's dot com collapse as a historical anomaly"
4104:
3982:
3947:
3912:
3842:
3621:
3576:
3501:
3471:
3093:
2799:
900:
869:
849:
666:
600:
572:
543:
539:
479:
405:
372:
365:
352:
223:
215:
211:
156:
152:
1305:
175:
Low interest rates in 1998β99 facilitated an increase in start-up companies.
40:
index spiked in 2000 and then fell sharply as a result of the dot-com bubble.
17:
4054:
3987:
3922:
3902:
3882:
3852:
3837:
3817:
3802:
3170:
1701:
825:
810:
779:
434:
44:
1034:"One of the kings of the '90s dot-com bubble now faces 20 years in prison"
5096:
4221:
4114:
3957:
3932:
3872:
3847:
3827:
3647:
3586:
1806:
983:
726:
457:
360:
104:
92:
69:
127:
remained through its sale and buyers acquisition. Larger companies like
4079:
3967:
3927:
3857:
3812:
3712:
3687:
120:
100:
2702:"In Super Commercial Bowl XXXV, the not-coms are beating the dot-coms"
2384:"Burning Up; Warning: Internet companies are running out of cashβfast"
1419:"THE YEAR IN THE MARKETS; 1999: Extraordinary Winners and More Losers"
381:
suggested that investors "re-think" the "quaint idea" of profits, and
291:, also made people more willing to make more speculative investments.
4124:
4109:
4012:
3962:
3952:
3752:
2583:
1602:
881:
877:
658:
324:
234:
206:
and its profitable approach to keyword-based advertising, as well as
199:
96:
4272:
3212:
Dot.con: How America Lost Its Mind and Its Money in the Internet Era
2800:"SEC Charges Adelphia and Rigas Family With Massive Financial Fraud"
5053:
2962:"Hard Times Investing: For Some, Cash Is Everything And Only Thing"
2961:
2929:"Ex-WorldCom CEO Ebbers found guilty on all counts β Mar. 15, 2005"
4084:
4074:
3907:
3807:
3787:
3777:
3747:
3732:
3707:
2639:
802:
588:, and 17 dot-com companies bought ad spots the following year for
571:
347:, and base confidence on technological advancements, leading to a
233:
The dot-com bubble burst in March 2000, with the technology heavy
159:
electronics in the 1950s, computer time-sharing in the 1960s, and
148:
31:
3411:
4059:
3877:
3772:
3637:
2995:"Raging Bull Goes for a Bargain As Interest in Stock Chat Wanes"
2966:
1668:"MotherNature.com's CEO Defends Dot-Coms' Get-Big-Fast Strategy"
948:
873:
662:
382:
320:
207:
187:
5057:
4276:
3415:
470:
as they spent heavily on advertising and promotions to harness
3127:"Here's what the future of bitcoin looks likeβand it's bright"
3028:"The real reason U.S. students lag behind in computer science"
2933:
2772:
2739:
2672:
2607:
2550:
2485:
2453:
2421:
2354:
2322:
2130:
1871:
3380:
Burn Rate: How I Survived the Gold Rush Years on the Internet
860:, which retailed for $ 1,100 each, were liquidated en masse.
487:
to charge profitable rates for their services in the future.
264:
during the following years gave computer users access to the
2072:"Preparation pays off; world reports only tiny Y2K glitches"
523:
186:. However, many others, particularly online retailers like
3298:
Manias, Panics, and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises
2230:
The Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008
576:
Historical government interest rates in the United States
1115:
The Dotcom Bubble Burst (2000) (internationalbanker.com)
1374:
Totally Wired: On the Trail of the Great Dotcom Swindle
1254:"Here's Why The Dot Com Bubble Began And Why It Popped"
3351:
Origins of the Crash: The Great Bubble and Its Undoing
2829:
Gaither, Chris; Chmielewski, Dawn C. (July 16, 2006).
1527:
Origins of the Crash: The Great Bubble and Its Undoing
1488:"Companies Chose to Rethink A Quaint Concept: Profits"
809:
levied large fines against investment firms including
103:, as well as several communication companies, such as
5402:
Post-Napoleonic Irish grain price and land use shocks
2192:"Revisiting the Ads From 2000's 'Dot-Com Super Bowl'"
2095:"20 years ago, the dot-coms took over the Super Bowl"
1766:
Donnelly, Sally B.; Zagorin, Adam (August 14, 2000).
944:"The greatest defunct Web sites and dotcom disasters"
665:
ended merger talks and the Nasdaq fell 2.6%, but the
490:
The "growth over profits" mentality and the aura of "
147:
in the 1840s, automobiles in the early 20th century,
48:
Quarterly U.S. venture capital investments, 1995β2017
6236:
6086:
5786:
5704:
5675:
5622:
5497:
5433:
5331:
5258:
5236:
4967:
4846:
4808:
4775:
4719:
4573:
4436:
4387:
4348:
4213:
4174:
4133:
3630:
3449:
3326:
dot.bomb: My Days and Nights at an Internet Goliath
2001:"Oil bust on par with telecom crash of dot-com era"
1088:
How Amazon Survived the Dot-Com Bubble | HBS Online
3348:
3162:
2700:
2579:"IQ News: Dot-Coms Re-Evaluate Ad Spending Habits"
2382:
2227:
2032:
1965:
1767:
1666:
1595:
1561:
1524:
1486:
1451:
998:
789:Several companies and their executives, including
76:and the rapid growth of valuations in new dot-com
1999:Hunn, David; Eaton, Collin (September 12, 2016).
774:List of companies affected by the dot-com bubble
1334:"The Telecommunications Crash: What To Do Now?"
893:
3256:Twenty-one Dog Years: Doing Time at Amazon.com
3236:Dot.Bomb: The Rise and Fall of Dot.com Britain
2864:"3 Lessons for Investors From the Tech Bubble"
741:and the resulting bankruptcies, including the
6530:List of stock market crashes and bear markets
5069:
4288:
3427:
3190:The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance
1634:"Lessons of Survival, From the Dot-Com Attic"
925:List of stock market crashes and bear markets
695:issued his conclusions of law in the case of
404:. The most successful entrepreneurs, such as
8:
2190:Kircher, Madison Malone (February 3, 2019).
1967:"Telecoms crash 'like the South Sea Bubble'"
526:in the United Kingdom in April 2000, led by
973:
971:
72:, resulting in a dispensation of available
5076:
5062:
5054:
4295:
4281:
4273:
3434:
3420:
3412:
2514:"Commentary: Earth To Dot Com Accountants"
1627:
1625:
1363:
1361:
805:for misusing shareholders' money, and the
691:Tangentially to all of speculation, Judge
558:, who sold $ 748 million worth of shares.
27:Tech stock speculative craze, c. 1997β2003
6351:2015β2016 Chinese stock market turbulence
4161:Trial of Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
222:, and many more areas. The web was a new
2862:Glassman, James K. (February 11, 2015).
2768:"WorldCom files largest bankruptcy ever"
1153:"Mosaic started Web rush, Internet boom"
425:Spending tendencies of dot-com companies
43:
2747:from the original on September 20, 2020
2157:Pender, Kathleen (September 13, 2000).
1835:"Consumers pay the price in 3G auction"
1802:"UK mobile phone auction nets billions"
1733:HuffStutter, P.J. (December 25, 2000).
1072:
1070:
935:
807:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
702:and ruled that Microsoft was guilty of
688:, although stocks rallied temporarily.
280:, and many new companies were founded.
6256:Venezuelan banking crisis of 2009β2010
6026:South American economic crisis of 2002
5923:Black Wednesday (1992 Sterling crisis)
3073:from the original on November 16, 2018
3026:desJardins, Marie (October 22, 2015).
2843:from the original on December 18, 2019
2558:from the original on November 27, 2020
2286:"March 10, 2000: Pop Goes the Nasdaq!"
2263:. World Scientific. pp. 123β135.
2138:from the original on December 11, 2017
1646:from the original on September 6, 2017
1327:
1325:
1323:
1132:from the original on November 11, 2017
1084:
1082:
1013:from the original on December 10, 2022
289:capital gains tax in the United States
6307:2013 Chinese banking liquidity crisis
6263:2010β2014 Portuguese financial crisis
5739:Secondary banking crisis of 1973β1975
3280:Robert H. Smith School Research Paper
3125:Donnelly, Jacob (February 14, 2016).
3092:Kennedy, Brian (September 15, 2006).
3007:from the original on December 9, 2018
2831:"Fears of Dot-Com Crash, Version 2.0"
2810:from the original on November 9, 2010
2780:from the original on October 30, 2018
2680:from the original on October 24, 2018
2666:Kleinbard, David (November 9, 2000).
2461:from the original on October 11, 2018
2429:from the original on October 11, 2018
2362:from the original on October 30, 2018
2330:from the original on October 30, 2018
1912:from the original on February 5, 2021
1332:Litan, Robert E. (December 1, 2002).
1220:Weinberger, Matt (February 3, 2016).
1046:from the original on October 11, 2018
506:In the five years after the American
115:, failed and shut down. Others, like
7:
6337:Russian financial crisis (2014β2016)
6190:2008β2011 Icelandic financial crisis
6183:2008β2009 Ukrainian financial crisis
6148:2000s U.S. housing market correction
5988:1998β2002 Argentine great depression
4229:Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room
2909:from the original on January 4, 2018
2715:from the original on August 31, 2017
2493:from the original on August 11, 2018
1964:White, Dominic (December 30, 2002).
1933:"Policy lessons from the 3G failure"
1833:Osborn, Andrew (November 17, 2000).
1814:from the original on August 23, 2017
1632:BERLIN, LESLIE (November 21, 2008).
1431:from the original on August 31, 2017
956:from the original on August 28, 2019
844:Job market and office equipment glut
408:, sold their shares or entered into
335:, which profited significantly from
6494:2023β2024 Egyptian financial crisis
6329:Puerto Rican government-debt crisis
6322:2014β2016 Brazilian economic crisis
5695:1963β1965 Indonesian hyperinflation
5598:Shanghai rubber stock market crisis
5287:Dutch Republic stock market crashes
3139:from the original on April 15, 2017
2993:Forster, Stacy (January 31, 2001).
2699:Elliott, Stuart (January 8, 2001).
2668:"The $ 1.7 trillion dot.com lesson"
2397:from the original on March 30, 2018
2381:Willoughby, Jack (March 10, 2010).
1681:from the original on April 15, 2017
1501:from the original on August 8, 2021
1466:from the original on April 15, 2017
1395:from the original on August 1, 2020
1346:from the original on March 30, 2018
1234:from the original on March 13, 2020
887:In a 2015 book, venture capitalist
751:Adelphia Communications Corporation
6300:2012β2013 Cypriot financial crisis
6204:2008β2014 Spanish financial crisis
6176:2008β2009 Russian financial crisis
6169:2008β2009 Belgian financial crisis
5864:1988β1992 Norwegian banking crisis
5359:British credit crisis of 1772β1773
3040:from the original on March 7, 2020
2876:from the original on April 4, 2020
2647:from the original on June 12, 2018
2615:from the original on July 27, 2018
2591:from the original on May 25, 2017.
2298:from the original on March 8, 2018
2204:from the original on March 2, 2020
2171:from the original on March 2, 2020
2105:from the original on March 2, 2020
1747:from the original on June 13, 2020
1714:from the original on March 9, 2018
1610:from the original on March 7, 2021
1576:from the original on July 31, 2020
1453:"Day Trading: It's a Brutal World"
1266:from the original on April 6, 2020
1165:from the original on June 13, 2020
978:Kumar, Rajesh (December 5, 2015).
760:, stocks had lost $ 5 trillion in
315:, especially if it had one of the
25:
6487:2023 United States banking crisis
6293:2011 Bangladesh share market scam
5981:1998β1999 Ecuador economic crisis
5945:Venezuelan banking crisis of 1994
5871:Japanese asset price bubble crash
5812:Souk Al-Manakh stock market crash
5562:Australian banking crisis of 1893
5366:Dutch Republic financial collapse
3295:Kindleberger, Charles P. (2005).
3106:from the original on June 6, 2020
2974:from the original on May 25, 2017
2941:from the original on July 3, 2018
2577:Owens, Jennifer (June 19, 2000).
2526:from the original on May 25, 2017
2512:Yang, Catherine (April 3, 2000).
2124:Johnson, Tom (January 10, 2000).
2047:from the original on June 7, 2020
2013:from the original on June 7, 2020
1980:from the original on June 7, 2020
1945:from the original on June 7, 2020
1898:Keegan, Victor (April 13, 2000).
1879:from the original on June 7, 2020
1847:from the original on June 7, 2020
1782:from the original on June 7, 2020
1485:Wysocki, Bernard (May 19, 1999).
1450:Kadlec, Daniel (August 9, 1999).
1201:from the original on May 12, 2017
1032:Edwards, Jim (December 6, 2016).
646:agreed with Krugman's criticism.
287:, which lowered the top marginal
5344:Amsterdam banking crisis of 1763
4422:1830s Chicago real estate bubble
4411:1810s Alabama real estate bubble
4257:
4256:
3094:"Remembering the Dot-Com Throne"
3059:Mann, Amar; Nunes, Tony (2009).
2960:Reuteman, Rob (August 9, 2010).
2766:Beltran, Luisa (July 22, 2002).
980:Valuation: Theories and Concepts
698:United States v. Microsoft Corp.
554:, who reaped $ 248 million, and
466:Most dot-com companies incurred
442:
433:
341:quaternary sector of the economy
220:customer relationship management
6069:2007 Chinese stock bubble crash
5395:Danish state bankruptcy of 1813
3753:Digital Convergence Corporation
2895:Alden, Chris (March 10, 2005).
2093:Beer, Jeff (January 20, 2020).
1700:Cave, Damien (April 25, 2000).
1560:Langlois, Shawn (May 9, 2019).
997:Powell, Jamie (March 8, 2021).
840:declined in use significantly.
801:, were accused or convicted of
6450:Chinese property sector crisis
6358:2015β2016 stock market selloff
6286:August 2011 stock markets fall
6197:2008β2011 Irish banking crisis
5894:1990s Swedish financial crisis
5643:Weimar Republic hyperinflation
4614:Western Australian gold rushes
1931:Sukumar, R. (April 11, 2012).
1151:Kline, Greg (April 20, 2003).
508:Telecommunications Act of 1996
301:Telecommunications Act of 1996
242:and access by mobile devices.
1:
6523:List of sovereign debt crises
6465:2022 Russian financial crisis
6162:2008 Latvian financial crisis
6155:U.S. bear market of 2007β2009
6033:Stock market downturn of 2002
5974:1998 Russian financial crisis
5827:1983 Israel bank stock crisis
2546:"Bleak Friday on Wall Street"
2284:Long, Tony (March 10, 2010).
920:Stock market crashes in India
758:stock market downturn of 2002
387:broadcasting of sports events
6225:Greek government-debt crisis
6062:2004 Argentine energy crisis
6019:2001 Turkish economic crisis
5908:1990s Armenian energy crisis
5901:1990s Finnish banking crisis
5762:1976 British currency crisis
5732:1973β1974 stock market crash
5043:U.S. higher education bubble
4954:Chinese stock bubble of 2007
4916:United States housing bubble
4910:2000s Danish property bubble
4892:Baltic states housing bubble
4668:Second Nova Scotia Gold Rush
2869:Kiplinger's Personal Finance
1665:Dodge, John (May 16, 2000).
1185:"Issues in labor Statistics"
636:Chair of the Federal Reserve
550:, who reaped $ 1.9 billion,
512:telecommunications equipment
359:of 1991. In 1999, shares of
297:Chair of the Federal Reserve
6381:2017 Sri Lankan fuel crisis
6047:2003 Myanmar banking crisis
6040:2002 Uruguay banking crisis
5960:1997 Asian financial crisis
5887:1991 Indian economic crisis
5879:Rhode Island banking crisis
5849:Cameroonian economic crisis
5635:Early Soviet hyperinflation
5248:Crisis of the Third Century
4880:Japanese asset price bubble
4868:New Zealand property bubble
4837:New Zealand property bubble
4766:Third Nova Scotia Gold Rush
4534:First Nova Scotia Gold Rush
4100:WebChat Broadcasting System
3234:Cellan-Jones, Rory (2001).
2897:"Looking back on the crash"
2449:"Wall St.: What rate hike?"
2259:Canterbery, E. Ray (2013).
1867:"German phone auction ends"
528:Chancellor of the Exchequer
357:Japanese asset price bubble
285:Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997
6593:
6412:Sri Lankan economic crisis
6270:Energy crisis in Venezuela
6249:2009 Dubai debt standstill
6099:2007β2008 financial crisis
5754:Latin American debt crisis
5517:Paris Bourse crash of 1882
4997:Australian property bubble
4632:Tierra del Fuego gold rush
4516:Colorado River mining boom
4456:Queen Charlottes Gold Rush
3202:10.1016/j.qref.2010.05.002
3066:Bureau of Labor Statistics
2603:"Pets.com at its tail end"
2261:The Global Great Recession
817:for misleading investors.
771:
565:
542:of these companies led to
516:Dulles Technology Corridor
249:
6567:2000s in economic history
6557:1990s in economic history
6503:
6480:2022 stock market decline
6472:Pakistani economic crisis
6458:2021β2023 inflation surge
6404:Lebanese liquidity crisis
6373:Venezuelan hyperinflation
6365:Brexit stock market crash
6314:Venezuela economic crisis
6076:Zimbabwean hyperinflation
5659:Wall Street Crash of 1929
5499:2nd Industrial Revolution
5333:1st Industrial Revolution
5091:
5033:Social media stock bubble
5018:
4575:2nd Industrial Revolution
4468:New South Wales gold rush
4389:1st Industrial Revolution
4310:
4252:
3943:NorthPoint Communications
2635:"The Pets.com Phenomenon"
2481:"Nasdaq sinks 350 points"
2318:"Nasdaq tumbles on Japan"
2034:"Inside the Telecom Game"
1126:"Nasdaq peak of 5,048.62"
653:had once again entered a
317:Internet-related prefixes
109:NorthPoint Communications
6141:Subprime mortgage crisis
5804:Brazilian hyperinflation
5776:Brazilian hyperinflation
5613:Financial crisis of 1914
5321:Mississippi bubble crash
4934:Canadian property bubble
4922:Romanian property bubble
4761:1930s Kakamega gold rush
4552:Vermilion Lake gold rush
3863:Interactive Intelligence
3161:Abramson, Bruce (2005).
2417:"MicroStrategy plummets"
1735:"Dot-Com Parties Dry Up"
1306:10.1177/1476127016629880
1192:U.S. Department of Labor
412:to protect their gains.
337:initial public offerings
252:1990s United States boom
6516:List of economic crises
6434:2020 stock market crash
6427:Financial market impact
6396:Turkish economic crisis
6011:9/11 stock market crash
5967:October 1997 mini-crash
5938:1994 bond market crisis
5930:Yugoslav hyperinflation
5841:Savings and loan crisis
5442:European potato failure
4985:Lebanese housing bubble
4946:Lebanese housing bubble
4940:Chinese property bubble
4874:Spanish property bubble
4731:1920s Florida land boom
4656:Cripple Creek Gold Rush
4644:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
4585:1870s Lapland gold rush
4480:Fraser Canyon Gold Rush
3000:The Wall Street Journal
2735:"World markets shatter"
2234:. W.W. Norton. p.
2164:San Francisco Chronicle
1702:"Dot-com party madness"
1674:The Wall Street Journal
1494:The Wall Street Journal
693:Thomas Penfield Jackson
378:The Wall Street Journal
6509:List of banking crises
6278:Syrian economic crisis
6211:Blue Monday Crash 2009
5820:Chilean crisis of 1982
5651:ShΕwa financial crisis
5457:Highland Potato Famine
5313:South Sea bubble crash
5104:Commodity price shocks
4979:2000s commodities boom
4959:Uranium bubble of 2007
4928:Polish property bubble
4904:2000s commodities boom
4820:1970s commodities boom
4590:Coromandel Gold Rushes
4474:Australian gold rushes
3385:Orion Publishing Group
3209:Cassidy, John (2009).
2743:. September 11, 2001.
2350:"Dow wows Wall Street"
2040:Bloomberg Businessweek
1294:Strategic Organization
906:
753:scandal in July 2002.
749:in June 2002, and the
577:
398:employee stock options
278:information technology
276:, an economy based on
182:and failing to become
49:
41:
6562:1990s fads and trends
5834:Black Saturday (1983)
5688:Kennedy Slide of 1962
5260:Commercial revolution
5003:Cryptocurrency bubble
4991:Corporate debt bubble
4898:Irish property bubble
4680:Mount Baker gold rush
4602:Black Hills gold rush
4504:Similkameen Gold Rush
4498:Pennsylvania oil rush
4486:Pike's Peak gold rush
4378:Bengal Bubble of 1769
4350:Commercial revolution
4325:Irrational exuberance
4197:The Industry Standard
4146:Irrational exuberance
3303:John Wiley & Sons
3253:Daisey, Mike (2014).
1597:"Old Dog, New Tricks"
1339:Brookings Institution
1262:. December 15, 2010.
897:irrational exuberance
762:market capitalization
745:in October 2001, the
712:Sherman Antitrust Act
595:On January 10, 2000,
575:
568:Early 2000s recession
246:Prelude to the bubble
47:
35:
6572:Stock market crashes
6388:Ghana banking crisis
6218:European debt crisis
6003:Dot-com bubble crash
5915:Cuban Special Period
5374:Copper Panic of 1789
5279:The Great Debasement
5271:Great Bullion Famine
4674:Kobuk River Stampede
4608:Colorado Silver Boom
4540:West Coast gold rush
4492:Rock Creek Gold Rush
4450:California gold rush
4095:Vignette Corporation
3893:The Learning Company
2643:. October 19, 2016.
2611:. November 7, 2000.
2082:on December 7, 2004.
735:September 11 attacks
710:in violation of the
686:inverted yield curve
468:net operating losses
345:priceβearnings ratio
256:The 1993 release of
210:'s auction site and
6344:2015 Nepal blockade
6054:2000s energy crisis
5952:Mexican peso crisis
5857:Black Monday (1987)
5717:1970s energy crisis
5677:PostβWWII expansion
5351:Bengal bubble crash
5146:Financial contagion
4810:The Great Inflation
4793:Porcupine Gold Rush
4777:PostβWWII expansion
4755:Porcupine Gold Rush
4737:Fairbanks Gold Rush
4710:Porcupine Gold Rush
4692:Fairbanks Gold Rush
4462:Victorian gold rush
4427:Chilean silver rush
4340:Stock market bubble
4190:Conspiracy of Fools
4183:Blood on the Street
4050:Tradex Technologies
3663:Akamai Technologies
3612:Kaleil Isaza Tuzman
2070:(January 1, 2000).
1973:The Daily Telegraph
1875:. August 17, 2000.
1417:(January 3, 2000).
739:accounting scandals
672:On March 20, 2000,
562:Bursting the bubble
349:stock market bubble
331:was easy to raise.
91:companies, notably
62:stock market bubble
5606:Panic of 1910β1911
5450:Great Irish Famine
5388:Panic of 1796β1797
5227:Stock market crash
4749:Cobalt silver rush
4704:Cobalt silver rush
4662:Klondike Gold Rush
4558:Kildonan Gold Rush
4546:Big Bend Gold Rush
4405:Carolina gold rush
4366:Mississippi bubble
4335:Real-estate bubble
4243:Valley of the Boom
4151:SarbanesβOxley Act
4018:Scout Electromedia
3793:Epidemic Marketing
2708:The New York Times
2554:. April 14, 2000.
2457:. March 21, 2000.
2425:. March 20, 2000.
2358:. March 15, 2000.
2326:. March 13, 2000.
2043:. August 5, 2002.
1810:. April 27, 2000.
1639:The New York Times
1424:The New York Times
915:Stock market crash
756:By the end of the
578:
510:went into effect,
456:pager. Right: The
414:Sir John Templeton
228:venture capitalist
50:
42:
6539:
6538:
6420:COVID-19 pandemic
5305:Tulip mania crash
5296:Kipper und Wipper
5273:(c. 1400βc. 1500)
5051:
5050:
5009:Everything bubble
4658:(c. 1890βc. 1910)
4638:Cayoosh Gold Rush
4628:(c. 1880βc. 1930)
4616:(c. 1880βc. 1900)
4598:(c. 1870βc. 1890)
4596:Cassiar Gold Rush
4592:(c. 1870βc. 1890)
4564:Omineca Gold Rush
4528:Cariboo Gold Rush
4510:Stikine Gold Rush
4446:(c. 1840βc. 1850)
4416:Georgia Gold Rush
4401:(c. 1790βc. 1810)
4304:Financial bubbles
4270:
4269:
4070:USinternetworking
3938:Network Solutions
3683:Blue Coat Systems
3668:Alteon WebSystems
3653:Actua Corporation
3607:Scott D. Sullivan
3592:Michael J. Saylor
3507:Charlie Gasparino
3366:978-1-59420-003-8
3345:Lowenstein, Roger
3336:978-0-316-60005-7
3329:. Little, Brown.
3270:978-0-7432-2580-9
3180:978-0-262-51196-4
2836:Los Angeles Times
2489:. April 3, 2000.
2270:978-981-4322-76-8
2245:978-0-393-33780-8
2126:"Thats AOL folks"
2006:Houston Chronicle
1740:Los Angeles Times
1546:978-1-59420-003-8
1521:Lowenstein, Roger
1388:978-1-84737-449-3
644:E. Ray Canterbery
586:Super Bowl XXXIII
582:Year 2000 problem
520:Spectrum auctions
502:Bubble in telecom
240:social networking
16:(Redirected from
6584:
6577:Economic bubbles
6532:
6525:
6518:
6511:
6496:
6489:
6482:
6475:
6467:
6460:
6453:
6443:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6415:
6407:
6399:
6391:
6383:
6376:
6368:
6360:
6353:
6346:
6339:
6332:
6324:
6317:
6309:
6302:
6295:
6288:
6281:
6273:
6265:
6258:
6251:
6227:
6220:
6213:
6206:
6199:
6192:
6185:
6178:
6171:
6164:
6157:
6150:
6143:
6136:
6129:
6122:
6115:
6108:
6101:
6079:
6071:
6064:
6057:
6049:
6042:
6035:
6028:
6021:
6014:
6006:
5998:
5990:
5983:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5955:
5947:
5940:
5933:
5925:
5918:
5910:
5903:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5874:
5866:
5859:
5852:
5844:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5815:
5807:
5793:Great Regression
5788:Great Moderation
5779:
5771:
5764:
5757:
5749:
5741:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5697:
5690:
5668:
5661:
5654:
5646:
5638:
5615:
5608:
5601:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5572:
5564:
5557:
5550:
5542:
5534:
5526:
5519:
5512:
5490:
5482:
5475:
5468:
5459:
5452:
5445:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5405:
5397:
5390:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5361:
5354:
5346:
5324:
5316:
5308:
5300:
5290:
5282:
5274:
5251:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5206:
5199:
5192:
5185:
5178:
5176:Liquidity crisis
5171:
5164:
5155:
5153:Social contagion
5148:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5120:
5113:
5106:
5099:
5085:Financial crises
5078:
5071:
5064:
5055:
4853:Great Regression
4848:Great Moderation
4825:Mexican oil boom
4620:Indiana gas boom
4372:South Sea bubble
4330:Social contagion
4297:
4290:
4283:
4274:
4260:
4259:
4166:WorldCom scandal
4080:VA Linux Systems
3998:Redback Networks
3868:Internet America
3783:Egghead Software
3738:Cyberian Outpost
3698:Broadband Sports
3658:Airspan Networks
3617:Julie Wainwright
3597:Jeffrey Skilling
3582:Stephan Paternot
3436:
3429:
3422:
3413:
3398:
3370:
3354:
3340:
3316:
3291:
3274:
3249:
3230:
3205:
3184:
3168:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2704:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2386:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2233:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2078:. Archived from
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2036:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1969:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1900:"Dial-a-fortune"
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1771:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1670:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1606:. May 28, 2001.
1599:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1530:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1490:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1455:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1379:Bloomsbury Books
1365:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1329:
1318:
1317:
1289:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1259:Business Insider
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1227:Business Insider
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1189:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1158:The News-Gazette
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1077:
1074:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1039:Business Insider
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1002:
994:
988:
987:
975:
966:
965:
963:
961:
952:. June 5, 2008.
940:
830:Silicon Investor
828:stocks, such as
824:that focused on
795:Jeffrey Skilling
747:WorldCom scandal
621:Super Bowl XXXIV
590:Super Bowl XXXIV
535:spectrum auction
446:
437:
333:Investment banks
235:NASDAQ Composite
38:NASDAQ Composite
21:
6592:
6591:
6587:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6581:
6542:
6541:
6540:
6535:
6528:
6521:
6514:
6507:
6499:
6492:
6485:
6478:
6470:
6463:
6456:
6448:
6439:
6432:
6425:
6418:
6410:
6402:
6394:
6386:
6379:
6371:
6363:
6356:
6349:
6342:
6335:
6327:
6320:
6312:
6305:
6298:
6291:
6284:
6276:
6268:
6261:
6254:
6247:
6240:
6238:Information Age
6232:
6223:
6216:
6209:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6160:
6153:
6146:
6139:
6132:
6125:
6118:
6111:
6104:
6097:
6090:
6088:Great Recession
6082:
6074:
6067:
6060:
6052:
6045:
6038:
6031:
6024:
6017:
6009:
6001:
5993:
5986:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5958:
5950:
5943:
5936:
5928:
5921:
5913:
5906:
5899:
5892:
5885:
5877:
5869:
5862:
5855:
5847:
5839:
5832:
5825:
5818:
5810:
5802:
5795:
5791:
5782:
5774:
5769:1979 oil crisis
5767:
5760:
5752:
5744:
5737:
5730:
5725:1973 oil crisis
5723:
5715:
5708:
5706:Great Inflation
5700:
5693:
5686:
5679:
5671:
5664:
5657:
5649:
5641:
5633:
5626:
5624:Interwar period
5618:
5611:
5604:
5596:
5589:
5582:
5575:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5545:
5537:
5529:
5522:
5515:
5508:
5501:
5493:
5485:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5455:
5448:
5440:
5429:
5422:
5415:
5408:
5400:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5364:
5357:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5327:
5319:
5311:
5303:
5293:
5285:
5277:
5269:
5262:
5254:
5246:
5232:
5225:
5218:
5211:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5167:
5160:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5125:Currency crisis
5123:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5087:
5082:
5052:
5047:
5014:
4971:
4969:Information Age
4963:
4855:
4851:
4842:
4831:Silver Thursday
4812:
4804:
4799:Poseidon bubble
4779:
4771:
4723:
4721:Interwar period
4715:
4577:
4569:
4522:Otago gold rush
4432:
4391:
4383:
4352:
4344:
4306:
4301:
4271:
4266:
4248:
4214:Broadcast media
4209:
4204:The PayPal Wars
4170:
4129:
3823:Global Crossing
3758:Digital Insight
3723:Cobalt Networks
3693:Books-A-Million
3678:Arthur Andersen
3626:
3462:Marc Andreessen
3457:Daniel Aegerter
3445:
3440:
3395:
3373:
3367:
3343:
3337:
3319:
3313:
3294:
3277:
3271:
3252:
3246:
3233:
3227:
3208:
3187:
3181:
3160:
3157:
3155:Further reading
3152:
3142:
3140:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3109:
3107:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3076:
3074:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3043:
3041:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3010:
3008:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2977:
2975:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2910:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2716:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2561:
2559:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2333:
2331:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2205:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2066:Marsha Walton;
2065:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1389:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1331:
1330:
1321:
1291:
1290:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1006:Financial Times
996:
995:
991:
977:
976:
969:
959:
957:
942:
941:
937:
933:
911:
866:
846:
838:The Motley Fool
822:Internet forums
776:
770:
731:Super Bowl XXXV
625:dot-com company
617:Gerald M. Levin
570:
564:
548:Philip Anschutz
504:
485:brand awareness
472:network effects
464:
463:
462:
461:
449:
448:
447:
439:
438:
427:
402:lock-up periods
329:Venture capital
313:dot-com company
309:
274:Information Age
260:and subsequent
254:
248:
180:venture capital
173:
141:
113:Global Crossing
89:online shopping
74:venture capital
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6590:
6588:
6580:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6552:Dot-com bubble
6544:
6543:
6537:
6536:
6534:
6533:
6526:
6519:
6512:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6497:
6490:
6483:
6476:
6474:(2022βpresent)
6468:
6461:
6454:
6452:(2020βpresent)
6446:
6445:
6444:
6437:
6430:
6416:
6414:(2019βpresent)
6408:
6406:(2019βpresent)
6400:
6398:(2018βpresent)
6392:
6384:
6377:
6369:
6361:
6354:
6347:
6340:
6333:
6325:
6318:
6316:(2013βpresent)
6310:
6303:
6296:
6289:
6282:
6280:(2011βpresent)
6274:
6272:(2010βpresent)
6266:
6259:
6252:
6244:
6242:
6241:(2009βpresent)
6234:
6233:
6231:
6230:
6229:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6207:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6130:
6123:
6116:
6109:
6106:September 2008
6094:
6092:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6080:
6078:(2007βpresent)
6072:
6065:
6058:
6050:
6043:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6015:
6007:
5999:
5991:
5984:
5977:
5970:
5963:
5956:
5948:
5941:
5934:
5926:
5919:
5911:
5904:
5897:
5890:
5883:
5875:
5867:
5860:
5853:
5845:
5837:
5830:
5823:
5816:
5808:
5799:
5797:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5772:
5765:
5758:
5750:
5742:
5735:
5728:
5721:
5712:
5710:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5691:
5683:
5681:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5647:
5639:
5630:
5628:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5594:
5587:
5580:
5573:
5565:
5558:
5551:
5543:
5535:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5505:
5503:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5453:
5437:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5398:
5391:
5384:
5377:
5370:
5368:(c. 1780β1795)
5362:
5355:
5347:
5339:
5337:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5317:
5309:
5301:
5291:
5289:(c. 1600β1760)
5283:
5275:
5266:
5264:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5243:
5241:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5223:
5216:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5200:
5193:
5186:
5172:
5169:Hyperinflation
5165:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5142:
5135:
5128:
5121:
5114:
5107:
5100:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5073:
5066:
5058:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5038:Unicorn bubble
5035:
5030:
5025:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5006:
5000:
4994:
4988:
4982:
4975:
4973:
4972:(2007βpresent)
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4943:
4937:
4931:
4925:
4919:
4913:
4907:
4901:
4900:(c. 2000β2007)
4895:
4889:
4886:Dot-com bubble
4883:
4877:
4871:
4865:
4863:1980s oil glut
4859:
4857:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4839:(c. 1980β1982)
4834:
4828:
4822:
4816:
4814:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4796:
4795:(1945βc. 1960)
4790:
4789:(1945βc. 1950)
4787:Texas oil boom
4783:
4781:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4763:
4758:
4752:
4751:(1918βc. 1930)
4746:
4743:Texas oil boom
4740:
4739:(1918βc. 1930)
4734:
4733:(c. 1920β1925)
4727:
4725:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4707:
4701:
4698:Texas oil boom
4695:
4694:(c. 1900β1918)
4689:
4686:Nome Gold Rush
4683:
4682:(1897βc. 1925)
4677:
4671:
4665:
4659:
4653:
4647:
4641:
4635:
4629:
4623:
4622:(c. 1880β1903)
4617:
4611:
4605:
4599:
4593:
4587:
4581:
4579:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4561:
4555:
4549:
4543:
4537:
4531:
4525:
4519:
4513:
4507:
4501:
4495:
4489:
4483:
4477:
4471:
4465:
4464:(1851βc. 1870)
4459:
4453:
4447:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4424:
4419:
4418:(1828βc. 1840)
4413:
4408:
4402:
4395:
4393:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4375:
4369:
4363:
4356:
4354:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4277:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4156:Telecoms crash
4153:
4148:
4143:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4045:TIBCO Software
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3973:PLX Technology
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3888:lastminute.com
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3547:Timothy Koogle
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3517:Alan Greenspan
3514:
3512:Richard Grasso
3509:
3504:
3499:
3497:Bernard Ebbers
3494:
3489:
3487:Cynthia Cooper
3484:
3482:James H. Clark
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3443:Dot-com bubble
3441:
3439:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3393:
3375:Wolff, Michael
3371:
3365:
3341:
3335:
3317:
3311:
3292:
3282:(RHS 06-029).
3275:
3269:
3250:
3245:978-1854107909
3244:
3231:
3225:
3206:
3185:
3179:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3117:
3084:
3051:
3018:
2985:
2952:
2920:
2887:
2854:
2821:
2791:
2758:
2726:
2691:
2658:
2626:
2594:
2569:
2537:
2519:Bloomberg News
2504:
2472:
2440:
2408:
2373:
2341:
2309:
2276:
2269:
2251:
2244:
2215:
2182:
2149:
2116:
2085:
2058:
2024:
1991:
1956:
1923:
1890:
1858:
1825:
1793:
1758:
1725:
1692:
1657:
1621:
1587:
1552:
1545:
1512:
1477:
1442:
1406:
1387:
1357:
1319:
1277:
1245:
1212:
1176:
1143:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1078:
1066:
1057:
1024:
989:
967:
934:
932:
929:
928:
927:
922:
917:
910:
907:
865:
862:
852:resulted in a
845:
842:
834:Yahoo! Finance
791:Bernard Ebbers
769:
766:
716:Bloomberg News
704:monopolization
632:Alan Greenspan
607:, announced a
597:America Online
563:
560:
552:Joseph Nacchio
503:
500:
451:
450:
441:
440:
432:
431:
430:
429:
428:
426:
423:
394:public company
308:
305:
293:Alan Greenspan
270:digital divide
266:World Wide Web
247:
244:
172:
169:
167:in the 1980s.
161:home computers
155:in the 1940s,
151:in the 1920s,
140:
137:
117:Lastminute.com
66:World Wide Web
54:dot-com bubble
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6589:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6531:
6527:
6524:
6520:
6517:
6513:
6510:
6506:
6505:
6502:
6495:
6491:
6488:
6484:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6466:
6462:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6442:
6438:
6435:
6431:
6428:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6393:
6389:
6385:
6382:
6378:
6374:
6370:
6366:
6362:
6359:
6355:
6352:
6348:
6345:
6341:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6326:
6323:
6319:
6315:
6311:
6308:
6304:
6301:
6297:
6294:
6290:
6287:
6283:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6264:
6260:
6257:
6253:
6250:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6226:
6222:
6219:
6215:
6212:
6208:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6194:
6191:
6187:
6184:
6180:
6177:
6173:
6170:
6166:
6163:
6159:
6156:
6152:
6149:
6145:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6127:December 2008
6124:
6121:
6120:November 2008
6117:
6114:
6110:
6107:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6077:
6073:
6070:
6066:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6051:
6048:
6044:
6041:
6037:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6023:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5971:
5968:
5964:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5946:
5942:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5924:
5920:
5916:
5912:
5909:
5905:
5902:
5898:
5895:
5891:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5865:
5861:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5824:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5794:
5789:
5785:
5777:
5773:
5770:
5766:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5740:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5696:
5692:
5689:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5678:
5674:
5667:
5666:Panic of 1930
5663:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5614:
5610:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5592:
5591:Panic of 1907
5588:
5585:
5584:Panic of 1901
5581:
5578:
5577:Panic of 1896
5574:
5570:
5566:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5555:Panic of 1893
5552:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5539:Baring crisis
5536:
5532:
5531:Arendal crash
5528:
5525:
5524:Panic of 1884
5521:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5510:Panic of 1873
5507:
5506:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5480:Panic of 1866
5477:
5474:
5473:Panic of 1857
5470:
5467:
5466:Panic of 1847
5463:
5458:
5454:
5451:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5425:
5424:Panic of 1837
5421:
5418:
5417:Panic of 1825
5414:
5411:
5410:Panic of 1819
5407:
5403:
5399:
5396:
5392:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5381:Panic of 1792
5378:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5249:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5235:
5228:
5224:
5221:
5220:Social crisis
5217:
5214:
5213:Minsky moment
5210:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5166:
5163:
5159:
5154:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5143:
5140:
5139:Energy crisis
5136:
5133:
5129:
5126:
5122:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5111:Credit crunch
5108:
5105:
5101:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5090:
5086:
5079:
5074:
5072:
5067:
5065:
5060:
5059:
5056:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5023:Carbon bubble
5021:
5020:
5017:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4849:
4845:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4669:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4626:Ohio oil rush
4624:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4444:Railway Mania
4442:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4293:
4291:
4286:
4284:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4263:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4141:Enron scandal
4139:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4065:United Online
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4008:Ritmoteca.com
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3918:MicroStrategy
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3703:Broadcast.com
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:Eliot Spitzer
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3572:Kevin O'Leary
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3557:Arthur Levitt
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3477:Henry Blodget
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3437:
3432:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3396:
3394:9780752826066
3390:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3358:
3357:Penguin Books
3353:
3352:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3312:9780230365353
3308:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3226:9780061841781
3222:
3218:
3217:HarperCollins
3214:
3213:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3196:(4): 456β70.
3195:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3121:
3118:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3088:
3085:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3055:
3052:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3022:
3019:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2989:
2986:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2956:
2953:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2825:
2822:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2762:
2759:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2703:
2695:
2692:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2662:
2659:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2573:
2570:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2508:
2505:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2385:
2377:
2374:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2280:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2224:Krugman, Paul
2219:
2216:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2186:
2183:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2153:
2150:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2120:
2117:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2068:Miles O'Brien
2062:
2059:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2028:
2025:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1960:
1957:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1927:
1924:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1894:
1891:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1826:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1770:
1769:"D.C. Dotcom"
1762:
1759:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1729:
1726:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1696:
1693:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1661:
1658:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1598:
1591:
1588:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1533:Penguin Books
1529:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1489:
1481:
1478:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1446:
1443:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1415:Norris, Floyd
1410:
1407:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1369:Smith, Andrew
1364:
1362:
1358:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1147:
1144:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1001:
993:
990:
986:. p. 25.
985:
981:
974:
972:
968:
955:
951:
950:
945:
939:
936:
930:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
912:
908:
905:
902:
898:
892:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
863:
861:
859:
855:
851:
843:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
818:
816:
815:Merrill Lynch
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
775:
767:
765:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
743:Enron scandal
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
699:
694:
689:
687:
682:
681:MicroStrategy
677:
676:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
593:
591:
587:
583:
574:
569:
561:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
532:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
501:
499:
497:
496:dot-com party
493:
488:
486:
481:
477:
473:
469:
459:
455:
445:
436:
424:
422:
419:
416:successfully
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
379:
374:
369:
367:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:in its name.
326:
322:
318:
314:
306:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
253:
245:
243:
241:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
204:search engine
201:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
170:
168:
166:
165:biotechnology
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
138:
136:
134:
133:Cisco Systems
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
85:dot-com crash
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
46:
39:
34:
30:
19:
18:Dot-com craze
6113:October 2008
6002:
5995:Samba effect
5851:(1987β2000s)
5746:Steel crisis
5569:Black Monday
5547:Encilhamento
5487:Black Friday
5294:
5250:(235β284 CE)
5118:Credit cycle
5028:Green bubble
4885:
4650:Encilhamento
4320:Credit cycle
4315:Market trend
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4175:Publications
4120:World Online
4035:theGlobe.com
4003:Register.com
3898:Liquid Audio
3728:Commerce One
3567:PayPal Mafia
3542:Gerry Kearby
3537:Howard Jonas
3532:Jeff Hawkins
3522:Jack Grubman
3442:
3406:Google Books
3399:
3379:
3350:
3325:
3297:
3279:
3255:
3235:
3211:
3193:
3189:
3164:
3141:. Retrieved
3130:
3120:
3110:February 10,
3108:. Retrieved
3097:
3087:
3075:. Retrieved
3064:
3054:
3044:February 10,
3042:. Retrieved
3031:
3021:
3009:. Retrieved
2998:
2988:
2978:September 9,
2976:. Retrieved
2965:
2955:
2943:. Retrieved
2932:
2923:
2911:. Retrieved
2902:The Guardian
2900:
2890:
2880:February 10,
2878:. Retrieved
2867:
2857:
2847:February 10,
2845:. Retrieved
2834:
2824:
2812:. Retrieved
2803:
2794:
2782:. Retrieved
2771:
2761:
2751:February 10,
2749:. Retrieved
2738:
2729:
2717:. Retrieved
2706:
2694:
2682:. Retrieved
2671:
2661:
2649:. Retrieved
2638:
2629:
2617:. Retrieved
2606:
2597:
2582:
2572:
2562:February 10,
2560:. Retrieved
2549:
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2517:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2484:
2475:
2463:. Retrieved
2452:
2443:
2431:. Retrieved
2420:
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2388:
2376:
2364:. Retrieved
2353:
2344:
2332:. Retrieved
2321:
2312:
2300:. Retrieved
2289:
2279:
2260:
2254:
2229:
2218:
2206:. Retrieved
2195:
2185:
2173:. Retrieved
2162:
2152:
2140:. Retrieved
2129:
2119:
2107:. Retrieved
2099:Fast Company
2098:
2088:
2080:the original
2075:
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2038:
2027:
2015:. Retrieved
2004:
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1971:
1959:
1947:. Retrieved
1936:
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1905:The Guardian
1903:
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1870:
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1840:The Guardian
1838:
1828:
1816:. Retrieved
1805:
1796:
1786:February 10,
1784:. Retrieved
1773:
1761:
1751:February 10,
1749:. Retrieved
1738:
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1705:
1695:
1683:. Retrieved
1672:
1660:
1648:. Retrieved
1637:
1612:. Retrieved
1601:
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1567:
1555:
1526:
1515:
1503:. Retrieved
1492:
1480:
1468:. Retrieved
1457:
1445:
1433:. Retrieved
1422:
1409:
1397:. Retrieved
1373:
1348:. Retrieved
1337:
1300:(1): 91β99.
1297:
1293:
1270:February 10,
1268:. Retrieved
1257:
1248:
1238:February 10,
1236:. Retrieved
1225:
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1179:
1169:February 10,
1167:. Retrieved
1156:
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1060:
1048:. Retrieved
1037:
1027:
1015:. Retrieved
1004:
992:
979:
960:February 10,
958:. Retrieved
947:
938:
894:
886:
867:
858:Aeron chairs
854:general glut
847:
819:
788:
777:
755:
720:
697:
690:
673:
671:
648:
640:Paul Krugman
629:
624:
594:
579:
556:Gary Winnick
531:Gordon Brown
505:
489:
476:market share
465:
391:
376:
370:
310:
282:
262:web browsers
255:
232:
196:
177:
174:
142:
84:
82:
58:dot-com boom
57:
53:
51:
29:
6390:(2017β2018)
6375:(2016β2022)
6331:(2014β2022)
6091:(2007β2009)
6056:(2003β2008)
6005:(2000β2004)
5954:(1994β1996)
5932:(1992β1994)
5917:(1991β2000)
5881:(1990β1992)
5873:(1990β1992)
5843:(1986β1995)
5806:(1982β1994)
5796:(1982β2007)
5778:(1980β1982)
5756:(1975β1982)
5748:(1973β1982)
5719:(1973β1980)
5709:(1973β1982)
5680:(1945β1973)
5645:(1921β1923)
5637:(1917β1924)
5627:(1918β1939)
5549:(1890β1893)
5502:(1870β1914)
5444:(1845β1856)
5404:(1815β1816)
5353:(1769β1784)
5336:(1760β1840)
5299:(1621β1623)
5281:(1544β1551)
5263:(1000β1760)
5162:Flash crash
5132:Debt crisis
4981:(2008β2014)
4948:(2005β2008)
4942:(2005β2011)
4930:(2002β2008)
4924:(2002β2007)
4918:(2002β2006)
4912:(2001β2006)
4906:(2000β2008)
4894:(2000β2006)
4888:(1995β2000)
4882:(1986β1990)
4876:(1985β2008)
4856:(1982β2007)
4827:(1977β1981)
4813:(1973β1982)
4801:(1969β1970)
4780:(1945β1973)
4768:(1932β1942)
4757:(1918β1945)
4745:(1918β1945)
4724:(1918β1939)
4712:(1909β1918)
4706:(1903β1918)
4700:(1901β1918)
4688:(1899β1909)
4676:(1897β1899)
4670:(1896β1903)
4664:(1896β1899)
4652:(1886β1890)
4634:(1883β1906)
4610:(1879β1893)
4604:(1874β1880)
4578:(1870β1914)
4554:(1865β1867)
4542:(1864β1867)
4536:(1861β1874)
4530:(1861β1867)
4524:(1861β1864)
4518:(1861β1864)
4500:(1859β1891)
4488:(1858β1861)
4476:(1851β1914)
4470:(1851β1880)
4452:(1848β1855)
4429:(1830β1850)
4407:(1802β1825)
4399:Canal Mania
4392:(1760β1840)
4380:(1757β1769)
4374:(1711β1720)
4368:(1684β1720)
4362:(1634β1637)
4360:Tulip mania
4353:(1000β1760)
4236:Startup.com
4090:VerticalNet
4040:Think Tools
3768:DoubleClick
3743:CyberRebate
3643:360networks
3562:Mary Meeker
3552:Kenneth Lay
3527:Josh Harris
3467:Bob Bernard
3132:VentureBeat
3011:December 9,
2804:www.sec.gov
2784:October 29,
2684:October 29,
2619:October 29,
2497:October 29,
2465:October 29,
2433:October 29,
2366:October 29,
2334:October 29,
2142:October 29,
1569:MarketWatch
1050:October 11,
889:Fred Wilson
850:programmers
848:Layoffs of
799:Kenneth Lay
784:liquidation
667:S&P 500
630:Meanwhile,
613:Time Warner
605:Ted Leonsis
540:debt ratios
492:new economy
460:sock puppet
366:S&P 500
355:during the
125:PeopleSound
83:During the
6546:Categories
5183:Accounting
3983:Pseudo.com
3948:Palm, Inc.
3913:MarchFirst
3843:HomeGrocer
3833:Handspring
3622:Jerry Yang
3577:Jason Olim
3502:David Filo
3472:Jeff Bezos
3321:Kuo, David
3261:Free Press
2719:August 26,
1650:August 26,
1535:. p.
1435:August 26,
931:References
901:throughput
870:Amazon.com
772:See also:
601:Steve Case
566:See also:
544:bankruptcy
480:mind share
406:Mark Cuban
373:news media
353:Nikkei 225
307:The bubble
250:See also:
224:killer app
216:mail-order
212:Amazon.com
184:profitable
157:transistor
153:television
139:Background
6441:Recession
5434:1840β1870
5011:(2020β21)
4548:(c. 1865)
4437:1840β1870
4055:Transmeta
3993:Razorfish
3988:Radvision
3923:Net2Phone
3903:LookSmart
3883:Kozmo.com
3853:InfoSpace
3838:Healtheon
3818:GeoCities
3803:Flooz.com
3718:CMGI Inc.
3631:Companies
3492:Bob Davis
3401:Burn Rate
3238:. Aurum.
3171:MIT Press
3143:April 14,
3077:April 14,
2913:March 30,
2814:April 18,
2401:March 30,
1685:April 14,
1505:August 8,
1470:April 14,
1350:March 30,
1314:156163200
1205:April 14,
1136:April 15,
826:high tech
811:Citigroup
780:burn rate
768:Aftermath
655:recession
615:, led by
599:, led by
474:to build
145:railroads
5097:Bank run
4262:Category
4222:e-Dreams
4115:WorldCom
4105:Websense
3958:Pets.com
3933:Netscape
3873:iVillage
3848:Infoseek
3828:govWorks
3648:AboveNet
3587:Jim Rutt
3377:(1999).
3347:(2004).
3323:(2001).
3137:Archived
3104:Archived
3099:New York
3071:Archived
3038:Archived
3005:Archived
2972:Archived
2945:June 20,
2939:Archived
2907:Archived
2874:Archived
2841:Archived
2808:Archived
2778:Archived
2745:Archived
2713:Archived
2678:Archived
2651:June 28,
2645:Archived
2613:Archived
2589:Archived
2556:Archived
2524:Archived
2491:Archived
2459:Archived
2427:Archived
2395:Archived
2390:Barron's
2360:Archived
2328:Archived
2302:March 8,
2296:Archived
2226:(2009).
2208:March 2,
2202:Archived
2197:New York
2175:March 2,
2169:Archived
2136:Archived
2109:March 2,
2103:Archived
2045:Archived
2011:Archived
1978:Archived
1943:Archived
1910:Archived
1877:Archived
1845:Archived
1812:Archived
1807:BBC News
1780:Archived
1745:Archived
1718:March 8,
1712:Archived
1679:Archived
1644:Archived
1614:April 3,
1608:Archived
1580:April 3,
1574:Archived
1523:(2004).
1499:Archived
1464:Archived
1429:Archived
1393:Archived
1371:(2012).
1344:Archived
1264:Archived
1232:Archived
1196:Archived
1194:. 1999.
1163:Archived
1130:Archived
1044:Archived
1017:April 6,
1011:Archived
984:Elsevier
954:Archived
909:See also
727:Pets.com
675:Barron's
458:Pets.com
361:Qualcomm
171:Overview
105:Worldcom
93:Pets.com
78:startups
70:Internet
68:and the
60:) was a
5197:Funding
5190:Capital
5005:(2011β)
4999:(2010β)
4993:(2008β)
4987:(2008β)
4936:(2002β)
4870:(1982β)
4134:History
3978:Prodigy
3968:Pixelon
3928:NetBank
3858:Inktomi
3813:Gadzoox
3713:Chemdex
3688:Boo.com
3033:Fortune
2051:June 7,
2017:June 7,
1984:June 7,
1949:June 7,
1916:June 7,
1883:June 7,
1851:June 7,
1818:June 7,
723:Tax Day
634:, then
418:shorted
295:, then-
218:sales,
121:MP3.com
101:Boo.com
87:, many
6367:(2016)
6013:(2001)
5997:(1999)
5814:(1982)
5653:(1927)
5600:(1910)
5571:(1894)
5541:(1890)
5533:(1886)
5489:(1869)
5323:(1720)
5315:(1720)
5307:(1637)
5204:Market
4833:(1980)
4646:(1886)
4640:(1884)
4566:(1869)
4560:(1869)
4512:(1861)
4506:(1860)
4494:(1859)
4482:(1858)
4458:(1851)
4125:Yahoo!
4110:Webvan
4013:Savvis
3963:PFSweb
3953:PayPal
3798:Excite
3763:Divine
3673:Amazon
3450:People
3391:
3363:
3333:
3309:
3288:899100
3286:
3267:
3242:
3223:
3177:
2584:AdWeek
2530:May 4,
2267:
2242:
1603:Forbes
1543:
1399:May 8,
1385:
1312:
904:built.
882:Google
878:Nvidia
864:Legacy
836:, and
797:, and
733:. The
700:(2001)
659:Yahoo!
609:merger
410:hedges
325:suffix
319:or a "
258:Mosaic
200:Google
192:Amazon
129:Amazon
111:, and
99:, and
97:Webvan
4085:Verio
4075:UUNET
4030:Terra
3908:Lycos
3808:Freei
3788:Enron
3778:eGain
3748:Digex
3733:Covad
3708:CDNow
2640:MSNBC
2291:Wired
1707:Salon
1310:S2CID
1199:(PDF)
1188:(PDF)
803:fraud
708:tying
651:Japan
611:with
149:radio
6134:2009
5239:1000
5237:Pre-
4060:uBid
4023:modo
3878:iWon
3773:eBay
3638:3Com
3389:ISBN
3361:ISBN
3331:ISBN
3307:ISBN
3284:SSRN
3265:ISBN
3240:ISBN
3221:ISBN
3175:ISBN
3145:2017
3112:2020
3079:2017
3046:2020
3013:2018
2980:2017
2967:CNBC
2947:2021
2915:2018
2882:2020
2849:2020
2816:2021
2786:2018
2753:2020
2721:2017
2686:2018
2653:2018
2621:2018
2564:2020
2532:2017
2499:2018
2467:2018
2435:2018
2403:2018
2368:2018
2336:2018
2304:2018
2265:ISBN
2240:ISBN
2210:2020
2177:2020
2144:2018
2111:2020
2053:2020
2019:2020
1986:2020
1951:2020
1938:Mint
1918:2020
1885:2020
1853:2020
1820:2020
1788:2020
1775:Time
1753:2020
1720:2018
1687:2017
1652:2017
1616:2021
1582:2021
1541:ISBN
1507:2021
1472:2017
1459:Time
1437:2017
1401:2017
1383:ISBN
1352:2018
1272:2020
1240:2020
1207:2017
1171:2020
1138:2022
1052:2018
1019:2022
962:2020
949:CNET
880:and
874:eBay
813:and
706:and
663:eBay
661:and
603:and
522:for
454:Modo
383:CNBC
321:.com
208:eBay
190:and
188:eBay
163:and
131:and
123:and
56:(or
52:The
36:The
3404:at
3198:doi
2934:CNN
2773:CNN
2740:CNN
2673:CNN
2608:CNN
2551:CNN
2486:CNN
2454:CNN
2422:CNN
2355:CNN
2323:CNN
2236:142
2131:CNN
2076:CNN
1872:CNN
1537:115
1302:doi
478:or
202:'s
6548::
3387:.
3383:.
3359:.
3355:.
3305:.
3301:.
3263:.
3259:.
3219:.
3215:.
3194:50
3192:.
3173:.
3169:.
3135:.
3129:.
3102:.
3096:.
3069:.
3063:.
3036:.
3030:.
3003:.
2997:.
2970:.
2964:.
2937:.
2931:.
2905:.
2899:.
2872:.
2866:.
2839:.
2833:.
2806:.
2802:.
2776:.
2770:.
2737:.
2711:.
2705:.
2676:.
2670:.
2637:.
2605:.
2587:.
2581:.
2548:.
2522:.
2516:.
2483:.
2451:.
2419:.
2393:.
2387:.
2352:.
2320:.
2294:.
2288:.
2238:.
2200:.
2194:.
2167:.
2161:.
2134:.
2128:.
2101:.
2097:.
2074:.
2037:.
2009:.
2003:.
1976:.
1970:.
1941:.
1935:.
1908:.
1902:.
1869:.
1843:.
1837:.
1804:.
1778:.
1772:.
1743:.
1737:.
1710:.
1704:.
1677:.
1671:.
1642:.
1636:.
1624:^
1600:.
1572:.
1566:.
1539:.
1531:.
1497:.
1491:.
1462:.
1456:.
1427:.
1421:.
1391:.
1381:.
1377:.
1360:^
1342:.
1336:.
1322:^
1308:.
1298:15
1296:.
1280:^
1256:.
1230:.
1224:.
1190:.
1161:.
1155:.
1128:.
1081:^
1069:^
1042:.
1036:.
1009:.
1003:.
982:.
970:^
946:.
876:,
872:,
832:,
793:,
592:.
524:3G
498:.
389:.
323:"
119:,
107:,
95:,
5790:/
5077:e
5070:t
5063:v
4850:/
4296:e
4289:t
4282:v
3435:e
3428:t
3421:v
3408:.
3397:.
3369:.
3339:.
3315:.
3290:.
3273:.
3248:.
3229:.
3204:.
3200::
3183:.
3147:.
3114:.
3081:.
3048:.
3015:.
2982:.
2949:.
2917:.
2884:.
2851:.
2818:.
2788:.
2755:.
2723:.
2688:.
2655:.
2623:.
2566:.
2534:.
2501:.
2469:.
2437:.
2405:.
2370:.
2338:.
2306:.
2273:.
2248:.
2212:.
2179:.
2146:.
2113:.
2055:.
2021:.
1988:.
1953:.
1920:.
1887:.
1855:.
1822:.
1790:.
1755:.
1722:.
1689:.
1654:.
1618:.
1584:.
1549:.
1509:.
1474:.
1439:.
1403:.
1354:.
1316:.
1304::
1274:.
1242:.
1209:.
1173:.
1140:.
1054:.
1021:.
964:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
