17:
129:, of German origin, was first applied in Germany in 1899 where it became widespread, and was subsequently also manufactured in the United States. The Putnam engine, a high pressure variable cut-off steam engine built by Putnam Machinery Co. in the United States, featured four double beat poppet valves operated from a single camshaft.
124:
Double-beat poppet valves became widely used during the nineteenth century. Francis
Stevens invented the Stevens valve gear, a double beat poppet valve, in 1839. It was used throughout the nineteenth century and in the early years of the 20th, on side-wheel paddle steamer engines, including the
107:
In the early nineteenth century the double beat valve was known as the
Cornish Valve, a synonym that persisted until the early 20th century. The Cornish valve gear, as used on early beam engines, was invented by
39:
arranged to allow it to be opened against a high pressure with a minimum of force. One of its uses is in steam engines to admit steam to the cylinders and to release the exhaust. In
283:
75:
in the diagram. The cylinder is connected to the actuating rod by a web. The force required to lift the valve depends on the difference between diameters
276:
1158:
87:: the smaller this difference can be made, the less the force necessary to open the valve. In Hornblower's valve, the steam flows past seat
269:
733:
728:
1192:
1104:
1163:
998:
807:
451:
138:
837:
827:
1031:
895:
876:
867:
751:
363:
306:
645:
1197:
1186:
743:
971:
903:
1207:
1202:
1123:
847:
792:
514:
470:
40:
1233:
1212:
1110:
951:
832:
483:
421:
196:
1168:
1077:
802:
723:
696:
426:
411:
321:
1137:
93:
only. In later developments of the valve, the central portion is waisted so that the flow can pass at
822:
761:
622:
488:
436:
373:
326:
63:. His valve is in the form of a hollow cylinder provided with two seats of nearly equal diameter, at
16:
1131:
665:
539:
456:
446:
60:
48:
251:
230:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1044:
1039:
627:
206:
165:
928:
776:
766:
715:
670:
650:
637:
617:
599:
544:
498:
311:
1004:
992:
965:
691:
609:
579:
431:
126:
1177:
910:
852:
771:
660:
655:
569:
524:
109:
44:
245:
224:
200:
180:
159:
1096:
945:
917:
594:
493:
416:
406:
316:
1227:
884:
857:
756:
675:
511:
1085:
842:
589:
574:
529:
383:
378:
292:
36:
1010:
984:
937:
534:
508:
478:
356:
351:
1016:
959:
584:
519:
503:
441:
398:
388:
113:
812:
797:
99:
as well, so increasing the valve opening area for the same amount of lift.
701:
817:
554:
336:
15:
261:
265:
1151:
1122:
1095:
1076:
1030:
983:
936:
927:
894:
875:
866:
785:
742:
714:
684:
636:
608:
562:
553:
469:
397:
344:
335:
299:
47:while in railway locomotives a valve gear such as
125:grasshopper engine, in the United States. The
277:
8:
185:. London: Griffin & Co. pp. 157ff.
933:
872:
559:
341:
284:
270:
262:
218:
216:
1159:Glossary of steam locomotive components
150:
226:Valves, Valve-gears and Valve Diagrams
7:
1011:National Museum of Scotland engine
250:. New York: McGraw Hill. pp.
164:. London: Edward Arnold. pp.
14:
229:. New York: Trow Press. pp.
1193:List of steam technology patents
182:Valves and Valve Gearing, 5th ed
161:Valves and Valve Gear Mechanisms
59:It was invented around 1800 by
1178:Murdoch's model steam carriage
1164:History of steam road vehicles
202:Link Motion and Expansion Gear
1:
1105:Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine
139:Steam locomotive nomenclature
828:Return connecting rod engine
752:Condensing steam locomotive
1250:
1059:"Coalbrookdale Locomotive"
223:Furman, Frederick (1911).
43:it is usually operated by
1065:"Pen-y-Darren" locomotive
734:Single- and double-acting
205:. London: Spon. pp.
904:Newcomen Memorial Engine
41:stationary steam engines
1208:Timeline of steam power
1203:Stationary steam engine
1086:Woolf's compound engine
993:Soho Manufactory engine
848:Steeple compound engine
515:straight line mechanism
179:Hurst, Charles (1907).
1213:Water-returning engine
1187:Lean's Engine Reporter
960:Chacewater Mine engine
833:Six-column beam engine
244:Collins, H.E. (1908).
20:
1053:London Steam Carriage
158:Dalby, W. E. (1906).
54:
19:
999:Bradley Works engine
823:Reciprocating engine
646:Babcock & Wilcox
489:Centrifugal governor
540:Sun and planet gear
61:Jonathan Hornblower
1040:Richard Trevithick
638:Water-tube boilers
452:Gresley conjugated
112:, an assistant of
55:Hornblower's valve
21:
1221:
1220:
1147:
1146:
1026:
1025:
710:
709:
610:Fire-tube boilers
465:
464:
33:equilibrium valve
25:double-beat valve
1241:
1171:fardier à vapeur
1005:Whitbread Engine
966:Smethwick Engine
934:
873:
692:Feedwater heater
560:
342:
286:
279:
272:
263:
256:
255:
241:
235:
234:
220:
211:
210:
193:
187:
186:
176:
170:
169:
155:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1143:
1118:
1091:
1072:
1022:
979:
923:
911:Fairbottom Bobs
896:Newcomen engine
890:
862:
808:Expansion valve
781:
767:Watt's separate
738:
706:
680:
632:
604:
549:
525:Parallel motion
461:
412:Stephenson link
393:
331:
300:Operating cycle
295:
290:
260:
259:
243:
242:
238:
222:
221:
214:
195:
194:
190:
178:
177:
173:
157:
156:
152:
147:
135:
122:
105:
57:
45:trip valve gear
12:
11:
5:
1247:
1245:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1036:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
989:
987:
981:
980:
978:
977:
969:
963:
957:
949:
946:Kinneil Engine
942:
940:
931:
925:
924:
922:
921:
918:Elsecar Engine
915:
907:
900:
898:
892:
891:
889:
888:
881:
879:
870:
864:
863:
861:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
838:Steeple engine
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
789:
787:
783:
782:
780:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
748:
746:
740:
739:
737:
736:
731:
726:
720:
718:
712:
711:
708:
707:
705:
704:
699:
697:Feedwater pump
694:
688:
686:
682:
681:
679:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
642:
640:
634:
633:
631:
630:
625:
620:
614:
612:
606:
605:
603:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
566:
564:
563:Simple boilers
557:
551:
550:
548:
547:
545:Watt's linkage
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
506:
501:
496:
494:Connecting rod
491:
486:
481:
475:
473:
467:
466:
463:
462:
460:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
403:
401:
395:
394:
392:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
360:
359:
348:
346:
339:
333:
332:
330:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
303:
301:
297:
296:
291:
289:
288:
281:
274:
266:
258:
257:
236:
212:
188:
171:
149:
148:
146:
143:
142:
141:
134:
131:
121:
118:
104:
101:
56:
53:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1246:
1235:
1234:Engine valves
1232:
1231:
1229:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
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1150:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:Puffing Devil
1043:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1032:High-pressure
1029:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
990:
988:
986:
985:Rotative beam
982:
975:
974:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
954:
950:
947:
944:
943:
941:
939:
935:
932:
930:
926:
919:
916:
913:
912:
908:
905:
902:
901:
899:
897:
893:
886:
885:Savery Engine
883:
882:
880:
878:
874:
871:
869:
865:
859:
858:Working fluid
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
788:
784:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
747:
745:
741:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
719:
717:
713:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
687:
683:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
641:
639:
635:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
613:
611:
607:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
565:
561:
558:
556:
552:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
535:Rotative beam
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:hypocycloidal
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
474:
472:
468:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
402:
400:
396:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
358:
355:
354:
353:
350:
349:
347:
343:
340:
338:
334:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
304:
302:
298:
294:
293:Steam engines
287:
282:
280:
275:
273:
268:
267:
264:
253:
249:
248:
247:Valve Setting
240:
237:
232:
228:
227:
219:
217:
213:
208:
204:
203:
198:
192:
189:
184:
183:
175:
172:
167:
163:
162:
154:
151:
144:
140:
137:
136:
132:
130:
128:
119:
117:
115:
111:
103:Cornish valve
102:
100:
98:
97:
92:
91:
86:
85:
80:
79:
74:
73:
68:
67:
62:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
35:is a type of
34:
30:
26:
18:
1198:Modern steam
1185:
1170:
1132:Porter-Allen
1111:
1045:
972:
952:
909:
843:Safety valve
772:"Pickle-pot"
666:Thimble tube
368:
246:
239:
225:
201:
191:
181:
174:
160:
153:
123:
106:
95:
94:
89:
88:
83:
82:
77:
76:
71:
70:
65:
64:
58:
37:poppet valve
32:
28:
24:
22:
929:Watt engine
729:Oscillating
685:Boiler feed
530:Plate chain
509:Tusi couple
422:Walschaerts
307:Atmospheric
197:Burgh, N.P.
120:Valve gears
116:, in 1820.
1138:Ljungström
1124:High-speed
1017:Lap Engine
973:Resolution
877:Precursors
762:Kirchweger
724:Locomotive
671:Three-drum
651:Field-tube
618:Locomotive
600:Lancashire
520:Link chain
504:Crankshaft
471:Mechanisms
399:Valve gear
145:References
127:Lentz gear
114:James Watt
29:drop valve
1169:Cugnot's
1112:Salamanca
813:Hydrolock
798:Crosshead
744:Condenser
580:Egg-ended
51:is used.
1228:Category
1152:See also
1078:Compound
953:Old Bess
793:Blowback
716:Cylinder
702:Injector
661:Stirling
656:Sentinel
570:Haystack
484:Cataract
457:Southern
447:Caprotti
322:Compound
199:(1870).
133:See also
49:Caprotti
868:History
777:Surface
595:Cornish
555:Boilers
437:Corliss
374:Corliss
357:D slide
327:Uniflow
317:Cornish
110:Murdock
1180:(1784)
1174:(1769)
1140:(1908)
1134:(1862)
1115:(1812)
1107:(1805)
1097:Murray
1088:(1803)
1067:(1804)
1061:(1803)
1055:(1803)
1049:(1801)
1019:(1788)
1013:(1786)
1007:(1785)
1001:(1783)
995:(1782)
976:(1781)
968:(1779)
962:(1778)
956:(1777)
948:(1768)
920:(1795)
914:(1760)
906:(1725)
887:(1698)
853:Stroke
818:Piston
803:Cutoff
676:Yarrow
628:Launch
623:Scotch
384:Sleeve
379:Poppet
364:Piston
345:Valves
337:Valves
786:Other
590:Flued
575:Wagon
499:Crank
442:Lentz
432:Baker
427:Allan
352:Slide
254:–134.
233:–112.
938:Beam
479:Beam
389:Bash
369:Drop
312:Watt
209:–10.
168:–12.
81:and
69:and
23:The
757:Jet
585:Box
417:Joy
407:Gab
252:129
231:110
31:or
1230::
215:^
27:,
285:e
278:t
271:v
207:9
166:9
96:A
90:B
84:d
78:D
72:B
66:A
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