44:
200:
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68:
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746:), which stings and paralyses cicadas high in the trees. Their victims drop to the ground where the cicada-hunter mounts and carries them, pushing with its hind legs, sometimes over a distance of 100 m (330 ft). They are then shoved into the hunter's burrow, where the helpless cicada is placed on a shelf in an often extensive "catacomb", to form food-stock for the wasp grub growing from the eggs deposited within.
793:
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if disturbed. Relative to other
Australian cicadas they have excellent perception, fly at a moderate cruising speed of 2.5 m/s (8.2 ft/s), with a similarly moderate maximum speed of 4.0 m/s (13 ft/s), and are exceptionally adept at landing. The double drummer has been known to fly
518:
Singing can cease and restart suddenly, either rarely or frequently, and often ends abruptly. The song has been described as "Tar-ran-tar-rar-tar-ran-tar-rar", and consists of a series of pulses emitted at a rate of 240–250 a second. The tymbal covers are much larger than other species and also make
774:
Schoolchildren climb trees to collect live cicadas and keep them as pets in shoeboxes. However, they cannot easily be kept for longer than a day or two, given that they need flowing sap for food. Live adults brought into classrooms by their captors would startle the class with their piercing sound.
510:
if there are large numbers of double drummers at close range. Monotonous and dronelike, the song is said to resemble high-pitched bagpipes. The sound of the buckling of the tymbal plate then resonates in an adjacent hollow chamber in the abdomen, as well as in the exterior air-filled sacs, which act
549:
The narrow spindle-shaped eggs are laid in a series of slits cut by the mother's ovipositor in branches or twigs, usually of eucalypts. On average about twelve eggs are laid in each slit, for a total of several hundred. These cuts can cause significant damage to the bark of tender trees. The eggs
532:
of the pulse repetition frequency, which makes for a particularly ringing sound. Double drummers congregate in groups to amplify their calls, which likely drives off potential bird predators. Male double drummers also emit a distress call—a sharp fragmented irregular noise—upon being seized by a
475:
is a little paler with prominent black markings, with paired cone-shaped spots with bases towards the front on either side of a median stripe; lateral to these spots are a pair of markings resembling a "7" on the right hand side of the mesonotum and its reverse on the left. The abdomen is black
527:
sound. These breaks can be mistaken for silence as the difference in volume is so great, though the song actually continues at a much lower volume. During this staccato phase, which lasts for several seconds, the frequency remains around 5.75–6.5 kHz. The frequency of the song is a high
437:
are 5–6.6 cm (2.0–2.6 in) long. The largest collected specimen has a wingspan of 15.1 cm (5.9 in), while the average is 13.3 cm (5.2 in). The average mass is 4.0 g (0.14 oz). The sexes have similar markings, but males have large dark red-brown sac-like
519:
the call louder and send it in a particular direction. There are two distinct phases of song, which the double drummer switches between at irregular intervals. One phase is a continuous call that can last for several minutes; during this period the frequency varies between 5.5 and 6.2
264:
in 1803, it was the first described and named cicada native to
Australia. Its common name comes from the large dark red-brown sac-like pockets that the adult male has on each side of its abdomen—the "double drums"—that are used to amplify the sound it produces.
565:
The adult lifespan of the double drummer is about four or five weeks. During this time, they mate and reproduce, and feed exclusively on sap of living trees, sucking it out through specialised mouthparts. Female cicadas die after laying their eggs.
550:
all hatch around 70 days later—usually within a day or two of one another—but take longer in cold or dry conditions. The larvae then fall to the ground and burrow into the soil. Though the timing of the double drummer's life cycle is unknown,
505:
Male cicadas make a noise to attract females, which has been described as "the sound of summer". The song of the double drummer is extremely loud—reportedly the loudest sound of any insect—and can reach an earsplitting volume in excess of
562:, which emerging cicadas leave at the bases or in burnt out hollows of eucalypts. Within a forest, successive broods may emerge in different locations each year. The cicada's body and wings desiccate and harden once free of the exuvia.
646:
forest, preferring to alight and feed on large eucalypts with diameters over 20 cm (7.9 in) and sparse foliage concentrated at a height between 10 and 25 m (33 and 82 ft), particularly rough-barked species, apples
487:
There is little variation in colour over its range, though occasional females are darker overall than average, with markings less prominent or absent. The double drummer is larger and darker overall than the northern double drummer
716:
In hotter weather, double drummers perch on the upper branches of trees, while on overcast or rainy days, they may be found lower down on trunks near the ground. Double drummers on tree trunks are skittish, and can fly off
470:
is 1.26 cm (0.50 in) in length—very long compared with other
Australian cicada species. The thorax is brown, becoming paler in older individuals. The pronotum is rusty brown with black anterior borders, while the
442:—specialised structures composed of vertical ribs and a tymbal plate, which is buckled to produce the cicada's song. The head is much broader than that of other cicadas, and is broader than the
1814:
Emery, D.L.; Emery, S.J.; Emery, N.J.; Popple, L.W. (2005). "A Phenological Study of the
Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in Western Sydney, New South Wales, with Notes on Plant Associations".
476:
between the tymbal covers and red-brown and black more posteriorly. The underparts of the double drummer are red-brown and black, and covered in fine silvery velvety hairs. The female's
722:
out to sea, effectively on a one-way trip as their bodies have later been found washed up on beaches. A swarm of double drummers were reported 8 km (5.0 mi) off the coast of
619:
in southern New South Wales. It is found in areas of higher elevation in the northern segment of its range, as the climate there is similar to that in southeast
Queensland.
879:
429:
The adult double drummer is the largest
Australian species of cicada, the male and female averaging 4.75 and 5.12 cm (1.87 and 2.02 in) long respectively. The
2207:
1573:
913:
2138:
2151:
554:
of cicadas in general then spend from four to six years underground. Unusual for
Australian cicadas, double drummers emerge during the daytime. Emerging
375:
2112:
1044:
Moulds, Maxwell Sydney (2001). "A Review of the Tribe
Thophini Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae) with the Description of a New Species of
862:
296:
from
November until March, and live for another four to five weeks. They appear in great numbers in some years, yet are absent in others.
708:
The double drummer has not adapted well to city life; distribution of the species in cities is limited to natural stands of large trees.
2192:
523:
and 6.0–7.5 kHz 4–6 times a second. In the other phase, the song is interrupted by breaks of increasing frequency resulting in a
2001:
1374:
953:
891:
1232:
MacNally, Ralph C.; Doolan, Jane M. (1986). "Patterns of
Morphology and Behaviour in a Cicada Guild: A Neutral Model Analysis".
2202:
828:
Systema rhyngotorum : secundum ordines, genera, species : adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus
738:
cicadas have also been found in the stomachs of foxes. The double drummer is one of the large cicada species preyed on by the
330:
433:
is 2 cm (0.79 in) in diameter, its sides distended when compared with the thorax of other Australian cicadas. The
268:
Broad-headed compared with other cicadas, the double drummer is mostly brown with a black pattern across the back of its
1643:
806:
499:
1782:
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2086:
2063:
678:
459:
451:
410:
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Adults are present from November to early March, prolific in some years and absent in others. They are found in dry
850:
272:, and has red-brown and black underparts. The sexes are similar in appearance, though the female lacks the male's
1486:
1196:
305:
261:
189:
695:
67:
1394:
1192:"Nature Study – Habits of the Shrill Cicada – Essentially a Summer Insect – Viewed in its Australian Habitat"
616:
430:
361:
269:
2016:
1683:
620:
2091:
767:
596:
494:); the latter has a white band on the abdomen, while the former has black markings on the leading edge (
484:
are vitreous (transparent) with light brown veins. The legs are dark brown and have grey velvety hairs.
379:
172:
43:
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1887:
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993:
689:
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is derived from the male cicada's sac-like tymbal covers ("drums") on either side of its abdomen.
1939:
683:
608:
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215:
62:
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858:
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447:
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1787:(Fabricius, 1803) (Homoptera: Cicadidae) on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia"
1522:
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387:
346:
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681:
in coastal swampy sclerophyll woodland, adults were observed mainly on swamp mahogany (
313:
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1012:
701:
462:. The eyes are black in young adult cicadas upon emerging, but turn brown with black
1762:
1147:
970:
826:
2104:
928:
723:
630:
383:
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260:
and reputedly the loudest insect in the world. Documented by the Danish zoologist
199:
1444:"Resonators in Insect Sound Production: How Insects Produce Loud Pure-tone Songs"
734:
As the adult cicadas emerge in the daytime, large numbers are consumed by birds.
2125:
2048:
1715:. Rockhampton, Qld.: National Library of Australia. 17 December 1954. p. 14
1420:
643:
585:
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1678:
1638:
1481:
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857:. Mosman, NSW: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales. pp. 227–33.
316:
was inexplicably and incorrectly recorded as China. It was placed in the new
1797:
1459:
1313:
1061:
878:
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (19 July 2012).
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in 1933 and 1936, describing bird predation and its life cycle to children.
649:
467:
443:
139:
119:
99:
79:
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933:(in French). Paris, France: Librairie encyclopédique de Roret. p. 471.
2078:
1321:
998:
Arcana Entomologica or Illustrations of New, Rare, and Interesting Insects
378:
pointed out that the double drummer is native to Australia and not China.
2033:
1583:. South Brisbane, Queensland: The State of Queensland (Queensland Museum)
529:
524:
390:
289:
792:
2117:
1915:. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. 27 February 1932. p. 23
1873:
1687:. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 17 December 1927. p. 14
927:
Amyot, Charles Jean-Baptiste; Audinet-Serville, Jean Guillaume (1843).
739:
507:
2130:
1013:"A Review of the Genera of Australian Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea)"
1000:. Vol. 2. London, United Kingdom: William Smith. pp. 33–35 .
454:
are black, with a narrow broken pale brown transverse band across the
288:, adult double drummers generally perch high in the branches of large
1943:. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 28 December 1933. p. 33
612:
589:
559:
439:
321:
292:. They emerge from the ground where they have spent several years as
273:
257:
149:
109:
89:
2010:
1860:
McIntosh, D. L. (1963). "Food of the Fox in the Canberra District".
1894:. Sydney, New South Wales: Angus & Robertson. pp. 298–99.
1294:"Tymbal Mechanics and the Control of Song Frequency in the Cicada
753:
629:
599:, found from northern tropical Queensland, near Shiptons Flat and
573:
540:
520:
416:
404:
365:
338:
317:
1996:. Kensington, New South Wales: New South Wales University Press.
1490:. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 29 April 1933. p. 9
948:(5 ed.). London, United Kingdom: Cassell Ltd. p. 528.
558:
generally, nymphs are covered in mud. This mud remains on their
357:
2014:
994:"Descriptions of Some Homopterous Insects from the East Indies"
466:
at the posterior edge of the eye. The ocelli are deep red. The
726:
in January 1979, in and around the boat of a local fisherman.
386:
of the genus in 1843, and it is also the type species for the
1369:. Chatswood, New South Wales: Reed New Holland. p. 205.
312:
in 1803, the first description of an Australian cicada. The
1647:. National Library of Australia. 3 February 1960. p. 30
371:, meaning "sac" or "bag", and more specifically "moneybag".
1275:
438:
structures on each side of their abdomens. These cover the
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1088:
Goding, Frederic Webster; Froggatt, Walter Wilson (1904).
853:. In Daniel Lunney; Pat Hutchings; Dieter Hochuli (eds.).
627:
erroneously included South Australia in its distribution.
480:
is very long, measuring 1.76 cm (0.69 in). The
1783:"Notes on the Occurrence and Habitat of a Population of
1555:
1553:
831:(in Latin). Brunswick, Germany: C. Reichard. p. 34.
1843:
1841:
1540:
1538:
1767:. Sydney, New South Wales: W. Brooks. pp. 348–49.
844:
842:
840:
838:
775:
Poems dedicated to the double drummer appeared in the
1094:
Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales
705:). Nymphs feed primarily on the roots of eucalypts.
545:
Pair of mating double drummers, Southeast Queensland
2023:
1970:. Sydney: National Library of Australia. p. 39
1346:. Sydney: National Library of Australia. p. 10
1200:. Sydney: National Library of Australia. p. 32
677:) in a study at three sites in western Sydney. At
1796:(Supplementary Paper No. 20): 1–2. Archived from
1572:Monteith, Geoff; Burwell, C.; Lambkin, C (2011).
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1511:"Analysis of Songs of Some Australian Cicadas"
1141:
1139:
1137:
1083:
1081:
1079:
360:". They maintained it as native to China. The
337:("Natural History of Hemiptera Insects"). The
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8:
912:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1333:
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890:. Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from
2011:
930:Histoire naturelle des insectes Hemipteres
851:"Those Noisy Sydney Insects – the Cicadas"
335:Histoire naturelle des insectes Hemipteres
198:
42:
31:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1574:"Cicadas – Our Summer Singers Fact Sheet"
1526:
1167:
1105:
1028:
659:. Associated trees include the grey box (
1892:The Insects of Australia and New Zealand
1617:The Cicadas of Central Eastern Australia
1388:
1386:
1011:Moulds, Maxwell Sydney (30 April 2012).
969:Guérin-Méneville, Félix Édouard (1838).
2208:Taxa named by Johan Christian Fabricius
1421:"Animal Species: Double Drummer Cicada"
1090:"Monograph of the Australian Cicadidae"
817:
256:, is the largest Australian species of
1847:
1832:
1665:
1559:
1544:
1279:
905:
1401:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1367:Australian Insects: A Natural History
498:) of the forewing extending past the
7:
1613:Amyot and Serville, 1843 (Drummers)"
1399:ABC Science – Environment and Nature
849:Moulds, Maxwell (1 September 2009).
413:and eyes – southeast Queensland
1962:Gossamer, Goody (16 January 1936).
1639:"It's the world's oldest love song"
825:Fabricius, Johan Christian (1803).
350:
1528:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1972.tb01623.x
1246:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1986.tb01398.x
764:Elementary Text-book of Entomology
638:(behind, left) male (front, right)
25:
1736:"Cicadas: Superfamily Cicadoidea"
1679:"Open-Air Yarns: Singing Cicadas"
1761:Froggatt, Walter Wilson (1907).
1734:Britton, David (19 March 2012).
1515:Australian Journal of Entomology
1393:Craig, Owen (17 February 2001).
1050:Insect Systematics and Evolution
791:
308:described the double drummer as
66:
54:male specimen on display at the
1992:Moulds, Maxwell Sydney (1990).
1448:Journal of Experimental Biology
1302:Journal of Experimental Biology
1146:Burns, Alexander Noble (1962).
992:Westwood, John Obadiah (1843).
331:Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville
1781:Hawkeswood, Trevor J. (2007).
615:in southeastern Queensland to
376:Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville
276:and sac-like covers. Found in
1:
1338:Wondjina (28 December 1946).
855:The Natural History of Sydney
1442:Bennet-Clark, Henry (1999).
1292:Bennet-Clark, Henry (1997).
807:List of cicadas of Australia
27:Australian species of cicada
1742:. Sydney: Australian Museum
1395:"Summer of Singing Cicadas"
1340:"The Cicada Sings for Love"
888:Australian Faunal Directory
687:) and sometimes blackbutt (
671:) and narrow-leaved apple (
409:Face on, showing small red
327:Charles Jean-Baptiste Amyot
2224:
1619:. University of Queensland
1581:Queensland Museum Learning
1156:Memoirs of Museum Victoria
946:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
2193:Insects described in 1803
1644:Australian Women's Weekly
1487:The Sydney Morning Herald
1190:Cammeray (8 March 1914).
1169:10.24199/j.mmv.1962.25.15
1030:10.11646/zootaxa.3287.1.1
595:The double drummer has a
351:
306:Johan Christian Fabricius
262:Johan Christian Fabricius
221:
214:
206:
197:
178:
171:
63:Scientific classification
61:
50:
41:
34:
1607:Popple, Lindsay (2006).
750:Interactions with humans
696:Allocasuarina littoralis
570:Distribution and habitat
325:by French entomologists
1862:CSIRO Wildlife Research
1816:Australian Entomologist
1740:Nature Culture Discover
1460:10.1242/jeb.202.23.3347
1314:10.1242/jeb.200.11.1681
1296:Cyclochila australasiae
1148:"Revision of the Genus
1062:10.1163/187631201X00155
971:"Voyage de la Favorite"
2203:Hemiptera of Australia
1107:10.5962/bhl.part.20173
944:Simpson, D.P. (1979).
771:
639:
621:Walter Wilson Froggatt
592:
546:
426:
414:
1964:"The Children's Page"
1888:Tillyard, Robert John
1509:Young, David (1972).
1365:Brunet, Bert (2000).
1344:Sydney Morning Herald
768:William Forsell Kirby
762:appeared in the 1885
758:This illustration of
757:
699:and introduced pine (
633:
597:disjunct distribution
577:
544:
446:behind it. The head,
420:
408:
380:John Obadiah Westwood
341:name is derived from
1912:The Brisbane Courier
1712:The Morning Bulletin
662:Eucalyptus moluccana
625:Robert John Tillyard
581:Eucalyptus pilularis
513:Helmholtz resonators
364:is derived from the
1423:. Australian Museum
975:Magasin de Zoologie
333:in their 1843 work
1994:Australian Cicadas
1968:The Catholic Press
1940:The Catholic Press
1935:"A Summer Tragedy"
1874:10.1071/CWR9630001
1764:Australian Insects
1454:(Pt 23): 3347–57.
1308:(Pt 11): 1681–94.
894:on 2 December 2013
884:(Fabricius, 1803)"
772:
744:Exeirus lateritius
740:cicada killer wasp
684:Eucalyptus robusta
640:
593:
547:
427:
415:
382:designated it the
310:Tettigonia saccata
304:Danish naturalist
226:Tettigonia saccata
2180:
2179:
2165:Open Tree of Life
2017:Taxon identifiers
1282:, pp. 55–56.
1048:Amyot Serville".
864:978-0-9803272-3-6
491:T. sessiliba
245:
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237:(Fabricius, 1803)
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56:Australian Museum
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674:Angophora bakeri
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1907:"The Bushlover"
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1584:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1562:, pp. 5–6.
1558:
1551:
1543:
1536:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1253:
1234:Austral Ecology
1231:
1230:
1213:
1203:
1201:
1189:
1188:
1177:
1145:
1144:
1115:
1100:(3): 561–670 .
1087:
1086:
1077:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1010:
1009:
1005:
991:
990:
986:
968:
967:
963:
956:
943:
942:
938:
926:
925:
921:
904:
897:
895:
877:
876:
872:
865:
848:
847:
836:
824:
823:
819:
815:
797:
790:
787:
752:
732:
714:
665:), snappy gum (
572:
539:
403:
302:
286:New South Wales
241:
229:Fabricius, 1803
193:
186:
180:
167:
164:T. saccata
130:Auchenorrhyncha
65:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2221:
2219:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2161:
2148:
2135:
2122:
2109:
2096:
2083:
2073:
2069:Thopha_saccata
2060:
2055:Thopha saccata
2045:
2029:
2027:
2025:Thopha saccata
2021:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2002:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1954:
1926:
1898:
1879:
1852:
1837:
1825:
1806:
1803:on 2013-12-02.
1785:Thopha saccata
1770:
1753:
1726:
1698:
1670:
1658:
1630:
1594:
1564:
1549:
1534:
1501:
1473:
1434:
1412:
1382:
1375:
1357:
1327:
1284:
1251:
1211:
1175:
1113:
1075:
1056:(2): 195–203.
1036:
1003:
984:
961:
954:
936:
919:
882:Thopha saccata
870:
863:
834:
816:
814:
811:
810:
809:
803:
802:
799:Insects portal
786:
783:
778:Catholic Press
760:Thopha saccata
751:
748:
731:
728:
713:
710:
693:), as well as
571:
568:
538:
535:
402:
399:
301:
298:
254:double drummer
249:Thopha saccata
243:
242:
240:
239:
234:Cicada saccata
231:
222:
219:
218:
212:
211:
208:Thopha saccata
204:
203:
195:
194:
187:
182:Thopha saccata
176:
175:
169:
168:
161:
159:
155:
154:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
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117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
59:
58:
48:
47:
39:
38:
36:Thopha saccata
26:
24:
18:Double drummer
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2220:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2005:
2003:0-86840-139-0
1999:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1955:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1850:, p. 10.
1849:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1757:
1754:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1727:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1707:"The Cicadas"
1702:
1699:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1668:, p. 53.
1667:
1662:
1659:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1547:, p. 22.
1546:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1524:
1521:(3): 237–43.
1520:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1461:
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1438:
1435:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1376:1-876334-43-6
1372:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1345:
1341:
1334:
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1315:
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1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1240:(3): 279–94.
1239:
1235:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1199:
1198:
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985:
980:
977:(in French).
976:
972:
965:
962:
957:
955:0-304-52257-0
951:
947:
940:
937:
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741:
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704:
703:
702:Pinus radiata
698:
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362:specific name
359:
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314:type locality
311:
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174:
173:Binomial name
170:
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138:
135:
134:
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69:
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53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2024:
1993:
1972:. Retrieved
1967:
1957:
1945:. Retrieved
1938:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1910:
1901:
1891:
1882:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1835:, p. 7.
1828:
1822:(3): 97–110.
1819:
1815:
1809:
1798:the original
1793:
1784:
1763:
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1739:
1729:
1717:. Retrieved
1710:
1701:
1689:. Retrieved
1682:
1673:
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1642:
1633:
1621:. Retrieved
1616:
1610:
1585:. Retrieved
1580:
1567:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1492:. Retrieved
1485:
1482:"The Cicada"
1476:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1425:. Retrieved
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1398:
1366:
1360:
1348:. Retrieved
1343:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1287:
1237:
1233:
1202:. Retrieved
1195:
1159:
1155:
1152:(Cicadidae)"
1149:
1097:
1093:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1020:
1016:
1006:
997:
987:
978:
974:
964:
945:
939:
929:
922:
896:. Retrieved
892:the original
887:
881:
873:
854:
827:
820:
776:
773:
763:
759:
743:
735:
733:
724:Sussex Inlet
718:
715:
707:
700:
694:
690:E. pilularis
688:
682:
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
641:
635:
594:
579:
564:
555:
548:
517:
504:
489:
486:
464:pseudopupils
428:
422:
384:type species
373:
368:
356:), meaning "
342:
334:
320:
309:
303:
267:
253:
248:
247:
246:
233:
225:
207:
181:
179:
163:
162:
150:
51:
35:
29:
2126:iNaturalist
2049:Wikispecies
1868:(1): 1–20.
1848:Moulds 1990
1833:Moulds 1990
1684:Sunday Mail
1666:Moulds 1990
1560:Moulds 1990
1545:Moulds 1990
1280:Moulds 1990
668:E. racemosa
644:sclerophyll
586:sclerophyll
578:Blackbutt (
452:postclypeus
401:Description
395:common name
278:sclerophyll
2187:Categories
1986:Cited text
1162:: 269–79.
1023:: 1–262 .
813:References
679:Hawks Nest
636:T. saccata
537:Life cycle
533:predator.
500:basal cell
478:ovipositor
423:T. saccata
282:Queensland
280:forest in
126:Suborder:
100:Arthropoda
52:T. saccata
1974:19 August
1947:10 August
1919:10 August
1719:10 August
1691:20 August
1651:10 August
1623:15 August
1494:10 August
1427:19 August
1405:15 August
1350:20 August
1204:20 August
1070:1399-560X
880:"Species
730:Predation
712:Behaviour
656:Tristania
650:Angophora
603:south to
506:120
473:mesonotum
468:proboscis
435:forewings
425:on carpet
374:In 1838,
290:eucalypts
190:Fabricius
158:Species:
140:Cicadidae
120:Hemiptera
86:Kingdom:
80:Eukaryota
2198:Thophini
2144:10550274
2076:BioLib:
2040:Q7796013
2034:Wikidata
1890:(1926).
1794:Calodema
1746:11 April
1587:11 April
1468:10562517
908:cite web
898:8 August
785:See also
719:en masse
601:Cooktown
588:forest,
556:en masse
530:harmonic
525:staccato
448:antennae
444:pronotum
391:Thophini
300:Taxonomy
216:Synonyms
136:Family:
96:Phylum:
90:Animalia
76:Domain:
2170:3461451
2157:1658120
2118:4778335
1609:"Genus
1322:9319589
1017:Zootaxa
634:Female
560:exuviae
440:tymbals
421:Female
393:. The
354:
339:generic
274:tymbals
192:, 1803)
146:Genus:
116:Order:
110:Insecta
106:Class:
2131:208179
2092:342170
2079:630254
2000:
1611:Thopha
1466:
1373:
1320:
1150:Thopha
1068:
1046:Thopha
952:
861:
736:Thopha
653:) and
617:Moruya
613:Gympie
609:Sarina
605:Ingham
590:Sydney
552:nymphs
460:ocelli
456:vertex
431:thorax
411:ocelli
369:saccus
347:Hebrew
322:Thopha
294:nymphs
270:thorax
258:cicada
252:, the
210:range
151:Thopha
2139:IRMNG
2105:56K3V
1801:(PDF)
1790:(PDF)
1577:(PDF)
981:: 80.
584:) in
496:costa
482:wings
388:tribe
366:Latin
352:תּוֹף
343:thoph
318:genus
2152:NCBI
2113:GBIF
2087:BOLD
1998:ISBN
1976:2013
1949:2013
1921:2013
1748:2014
1721:2013
1693:2013
1653:2013
1625:2013
1589:2014
1496:2013
1464:PMID
1429:2013
1407:2013
1371:ISBN
1352:2013
1318:PMID
1206:2013
1066:ISSN
1021:3287
950:ISBN
914:link
900:2013
859:ISBN
623:and
607:and
450:and
358:drum
329:and
284:and
2100:CoL
2064:AFD
1870:doi
1523:doi
1456:doi
1452:202
1310:doi
1306:200
1242:doi
1164:doi
1102:doi
1058:doi
1025:doi
766:by
521:kHz
511:as
2189::
2167::
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2051::
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1966:.
1937:.
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1773:^
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1462:.
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1304:.
1300:.
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1158:.
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1092:.
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1064:.
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910:}}
906:{{
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508:dB
502:.
349::
2006:.
1978:.
1951:.
1923:.
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1470:.
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1431:.
1409:.
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1354:.
1324:.
1312::
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1248:.
1244::
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1166::
1110:.
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1072:.
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1033:.
1027::
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958:.
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902:.
867:.
770:.
742:(
647:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
