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anti-slavery movement in the North and by the late 1850s were no longer content simply to rely on preventing the federal government from interfering in the territories, but insisted on federal intervention to protect slavery there and prevent any decision on slavery until a territory prepared a constitution as part of an application for statehood. Northern
Democrats such as Douglas could not go that far with the South. The doughface, as an agent for sectional compromise, had outlived his usefulness.
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position. It protected against federal consolidation and insured the equality of the states to compete in the territories. Douglas and many northern
Democrats remained consistent through 1860 in their support for popular sovereignty. Southerners, on the other hand, saw the increasing strength of the
93:
Randolph may actually have said "doe faces": the pronunciation would have been identical, and
Randolph was a hunter, sometimes bringing his hunting dog with him to Congress. Ascribing "doe faces" (or "doe's faces") to those he despised would have been Randolph's comment on the weakness of these men.
132:
Many
Southerners still looked at these doughfaces from the same perspective as Randolphâweak men who, without any firm moral commitment to their cause other than political expediency, could prove unreliable at some critical point in the future. Richards has classified 320 congressmen in the period
125:. In the House the greater growth of the northern population gave it a greater proportion of votes, but in the Senate the even balance of slave and free states required that only a few northerners needed to support the South in order to hold the House in check. The clearest case came in the
84:
They were scared at their own dough facesâyes, they were scared at their own dough faces!âWe had them, and if we wanted three more, we could have had them: yes, and if these had failed, we could have three more of these men, whose conscience, and morality, and religion, extend to
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debates. Randolph had no respect for northerners who voted with the South, considering them, in historian
Leonard Richards's words, "weak men, timid men, half-baked men". Randolph said of them:
23:
originally referred to an actual mask made of dough, but came to be used in a disparaging context for someone, especially a politician, who is perceived to be pliable and moldable. In the 1847
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to prevent anti-slavery petitions from being formally received in the House of
Representatives. In 1847, 27 northerners joined the South in opposing the
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180:. At the time of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, both the northern and southern Democrats accepted popular sovereignty as the proper
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In 1820, 17 doughfaces made the
Missouri Compromise possible. In 1836, 60 northern congressmen voted with the South to pass a
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was defined as "the willingness to be led about by one of stronger mind and will". In the years leading up to the
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While the term originated in the House, doughfaces eventually had their greatest influence in the
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Slavery and the
American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War
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votes of 1846 and 1847 when the Senate rejected the
Proviso after its passage in the House.
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United States House Select
Committee to Investigate Alleged Corruptions in Government
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The doughfaces' ultimate weakness, from a Southern perspective, was on the issue of
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the "worst doughface of them all", even though he broke with his party over the
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position in political disputes. Typically it was applied to a Northern
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The Slave Power: The Free North and Southern Domination 1780â1860
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The Northern Doughface: A Case Study in Historical Relevance
169:, the only northern senator expelled for treason during the
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149:, were both commonly called doughfaces. Lincoln called
427:"Double Negative: The return of doughface liberalism"
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Franklin Pierce Volume 14 of The American Presidents
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thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude
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List of federal judges appointed by Franklin Pierce
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995:List of federal judges appointed by James Buchanan
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282:Vintage Vocabulary, accessed 22 April 2007 at
52:than with the majority of Northern Democrats.
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369:Holt, Michael F.; Fitzgibbon Holt, Michael;
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133:from 1820 to 1860 as doughfaces. The two
955:1856 United States presidential election
607:1852 United States presidential election
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105:, and in 1850, 35 supported a stronger
79:Portrait and signature of John Randolph
309:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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240:modern liberalism in the United States
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161:in 1857. Other such doughfaces were
960:1856 Democratic National Convention
945:1852 Democratic National Convention
930:1848 Democratic National Convention
920:1844 Democratic National Convention
915:Electoral history of James Buchanan
676:1856 Democratic National Convention
613:1852 Democratic National Convention
48:who was more often allied with the
36:, "doughface" was used to describe
1173:Politics of the American Civil War
165:, the author of the gag rule, and
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425:Greenberg, David (9 April 2009).
265:Origins of the American Civil War
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1056:Buchanan's Birthplace State Park
865:United States Secretary of State
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636:Inauguration of Franklin Pierce
983:Inauguration of James Buchanan
873:U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania
854:President of the United States
549:President of the United States
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60:The expression was coined by
1178:Slavery in the United States
1020:1858 United States elections
66:Representative from Virginia
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1168:1850s in the United States
1106:(niece, acting First Lady)
1081:James Buchanan High School
707:Franklin Pierce University
557:Senator from New Hampshire
371:Schlesinger, Jr., Arthur M
230:Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.
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732:Statue of Franklin Pierce
722:Pierce County, Washington
692:Franklin Pierce Homestead
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238:, he applied the term to
760:Benjamin Kendrick Pierce
498:A Presidential Doughface
373:; Wilentz, Sean (2010).
1051:James Buchanan Memorial
1015:Lecompton Constitution
989:Dred Scott v. Sandford
965:Woodward Hill Cemetery
727:Pierce County, Georgia
646:Young America movement
155:Lecompton Constitution
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697:Franklin Pierce House
592:9th Infantry Regiment
471:Richards, Leonard L.
456:Morrison, Michael A.
260:Copperhead (politics)
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1110:James Buchanan Henry
602:Battle of Churubusco
415:Morrison pp. 219â241
123:United States Senate
26:Webster's Dictionary
1025:Paraguay expedition
893:U.S. Representative
881:U.S. Representative
671:Topeka Constitution
661:KansasâNebraska Act
597:Battle of Contreras
565:U.S. Representative
178:popular sovereignty
163:Charles G. Atherton
111:KansasâNebraska Act
70:Missouri Compromise
1076:Buchanan, Missouri
1061:Buchanan, Michigan
775:â Millard Fillmore
717:Pierceton, Indiana
618:Old North Cemetery
350:Richards pp. 86â87
338:Richards pp. 85â86
208:. You can help by
151:Stephen A. Douglas
107:fugitive slave law
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56:Origin of the term
50:Southern Democrats
34:American Civil War
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1132:Abraham Lincoln â
1125:â Franklin Pierce
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1066:Buchanan, Indiana
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217:December 2009
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1104:Harriet Lane
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1044:Public image
987:
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712:Mount Pierce
702:Pierce Manse
685:Public image
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437:. Retrieved
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293:. Retrieved
289:the original
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248:Soviet Union
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210:adding to it
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189:Modern usage
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899:(1821â1823)
887:(1823â1831)
875:(1834â1845)
867:(1845â1849)
856:(1857â1861)
748:Jane Pierce
571:(1833â1837)
569:NH at-large
559:(1837â1842)
551:(1853â1857)
435:. p. 3
38:Northerners
30:doughfacism
1162:Categories
975:Presidency
628:Presidency
451:References
137:preceding
940:Doughface
935:Wheatland
762:(brother)
587:Doughface
475:. (2000)
460:. (1997)
171:Civil War
117:The 1850s
21:doughface
19:The term
1146:Category
1112:(nephew)
1005:Utah War
796:Category
756:(father)
439:17 April
305:cite web
295:23 April
254:See also
232:'s book
99:gag rule
46:Democrat
42:Southern
1097:Family
750:(wife)
741:Family
479:
464:
381:
159:Kansas
271:Notes
908:Life
897:PAâ3
895:for
885:PAâ4
883:for
862:17th
851:15th
580:Life
567:for
546:14th
477:ISBN
462:ISBN
441:2009
379:ISBN
311:link
297:2007
157:for
145:and
64:, a
246:'s
228:In
212:.
1164::
429:.
343:^
331:^
319:^
307:}}
303:{{
250:.
173:.
141:,
113:.
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443:.
387:.
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299:.
219:)
215:(
85:"
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