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176:. He was greatly ahead of his time in his recognition of the importance of the interaction between learning and instinct in determining behaviour, and in his use of the experimental method in studying behaviour. Although his work is little known nowadays, its importance is recognised by historians of
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in 1841, the only son of Jessey Fraser and
Alexander Mitchell Spalding, office clerk. Not long after his birth, his parents moved to Aberdeenshire, Scotland where they had previously lived. While working as a
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2017, 6(4), 47; doi:10.3390/biology6040047, quoting
Bateson, P. The adaptability driver: Links between behaviour and evolution. Biol. Theory 2006, 1, 342–345.
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161:. After the Lord Amberley's death in 1876, Spalding returned to the continent and remained there until his death the following year.
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Gray, P. H. (1968). Prerequisite to an analysis of behaviorism: The conscious automaton theory from
Spalding to William James.
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Griffiths, P. E. (2004). Instinct in the ‘50s: The
British reception of Konrad Lorenz's theory of instinctive behavior.
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Spalding carried out some experiments on animal behaviour, and discovered the phenomenon now known as
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reprinted
Spalding's essay "On Instinct" in 1954 to clarify the history of the subject.
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Gray, P. H. (1967). Spalding and his influence on research in developmental behavior.
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149:, by then 1st Earl Russell). He became tutor to Viscount Amberley's children at
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Spalding, D. A. (1873). Instinct. With original observations on young animals.
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Noble, R and Noble D (2017) Was the
Watchmaker Blind? Or Was She One-Eyed?
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He was first to identify, in 1873, the process which is now known as the
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220:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. ref:odnb/55937.
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to allow him to attend courses without charge. He studied
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Haldane, J. B. S. (1954). Introducing
Douglas Spalding.
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who studied animal behaviour and worked in the home of
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Journal of the
History of the Behavioral Sciences, 4
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Journal of the
History of the Behavioral Sciences, 3
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Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B., eds. (2004-09-23).
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211:"The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"
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273:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
32:This article includes a list of general
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315:Spalding, D. A. (1872). On instinct.
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292:Biology and Philosophy, 19
271:From Darwin to behaviorism
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195:References
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317:Nature, 6
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96:Biography
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254:Biology
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