392:, Lebanon (then Ottoman Syria) although they did not meet until both were living in the United States. Shiker, who had been a traveling salesman, settled in Lake Charles in the early 1900s and began to establish retail businesses, particularly general and drug stores. Both of them spoke French. Young Michael helped out with manual chores and keeping the books. DeBakey was the eldest of five children. His brother Ernest also became a physician, specializing in general and thoracic surgery. His sisters Lois and Selma were also scholarly, and eventually joined their eldest brother at Baylor College of Medicine as faculty members in medical communications. Another sister, Selena, died in 1952.
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597:, the exiled Shah of Iran, who was in the terminal stages of lymphoma. Due to hypersplenism, the Shah underwent splenectomy in Cairo on March 28, 1980, with DeBakey supervising a team of surgeons. At operation, the Shah was found to be harboring widely metastatic disease. Several complications developed in the postoperative period, including a subphrenic abscess and pneumonia. Although these were successfully treated, the Shah succumbed to his malignancy on July 27.
559:) in 1948, serving as chairman of the surgical department until 1993. DeBakey was president of the college from 1969 to 1979, and served as its chancellor from 1979 to January 1996, when he was named chancellor emeritus. He was Olga Keith Wiess and Distinguished Service Professor in the Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery at Baylor College of Medicine and director of the DeBakey Heart Center for research and public education at Baylor College of Medicine and
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animal research, DeBakey stated that "These scientists, veterinarians, physicians, surgeons and others who do research in animal labs are as much concerned about the care of the animals as anyone can be. Their respect for the dignity of life and compassion for the sick and disabled, in fact, is what motivated them to search for ways of relieving the pain and suffering caused by diseases."
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1031:, annually selects recipients of the Michael E. DeBakey, M.D., Excellence in Research Awards. The awards recognize faculty who have published outstanding scientific research contributions to clinical or basic biomedical research. The awards are funded by the DeBakey Medical Foundation and have funded researchers from the Center for Cell and Gene Therapy at
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DeBakey continued to practice medicine until his death in 2008 at the age of 99. His contributions to the field of medicine spanned the better part of 75 years. DeBakey operated on more than 60,000 patients, including several heads of state. DeBakey and a team of
American cardiothoracic surgeons,
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DeBakey's writings are reflected in his authorship or co-authorship in more than 1,300 published medical articles, chapters, and books on various aspects of surgery, medicine, health, medical research, and medical education, as well as ethical, socio-economic and philosophic discussion in those
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advocates who oppose the use of animals in the development of medical treatment for humans when he claimed that the "future of biomedical research; and ultimately human health" would be compromised if shelters stopped turning over surplus animals for medical research. Responding to the need for
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graft, similar to one he had pioneered decades earlier, lasted seven hours. After a complicated post-operative course that required eight months in the hospital at a cost of over one million dollars, DeBakey was released in
September 2006 and returned to good health.
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In 1976, DeBakey's trainees students founded the
Michael E. DeBakey International Cardiovascular Surgical Society, which later changed its name to the Michael E. DeBakey International Surgical Society. Every two years, the Michael E. DeBakey Surgical Award is given.
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In early 2008, DeBakey attended the groundbreaking for the new
Michael E. DeBakey Library and Museum at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, which honors his life, work and dedication to care and teaching. The museum officially opened on Friday, May 14, 2010.
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DeBakey has been described as a "tough taskmaster" by colleagues and trainees. Former trainee Jeremy R. Morton described how “he could be sweet as dripping honey when it came to patients and medical students, but could be brutal with surgical residents."
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Remaining in the U.S. Army for a year after the end of the war, he was instrumental in the ongoing care of wounded servicemen and helped establish the
Veterans Administration and the Medical Follow-Up Agency. After the war, he returned to Tulane.
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DeBakey married Diana Cooper after returning from Europe in 1937, and they had four sons: Michael, Denis, Ernest and Barry. After Diana died in 1972, he married German actress Katrin
Fehlhaber, with whom he had a daughter, Olga-Katarina.
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574:. He worked in numerous capacities to improve national and international standards of health care. Among his numerous consultative appointments, he served 3 terms on the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Advisory Council of the
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award. Although sometimes credited in recent years for establishing the system of Mobile Army
Surgical Hospitals, research has shown that DeBakey actually led the effort to prevent the establishment of these units.
658:. This procedure involved patching the slit in the artery from an endarterectomy with a Dacron or vein graft. The patch widened the artery so that when it closed, the channel of the artery returned to normal size.
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immigrants, DeBakey was inspired to pursue a career in medicine by the physicians that he had met at his father's drug store, and he simultaneously learned sewing skills from his mother. He subsequently attended
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Lefrak, EA; Stevens, PM; Nicotra, MB; Viroslav, J; Noon, GP; DeBakey, ME (January 1973). "An experimental model for evaluating extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support in acute respiratory failure".
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approved the operation; on
February 9–10, DeBakey at age 98 became the oldest patient ever to undergo the surgery for which he was responsible. The operation by George Noon to repair his aorta with a
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blood vessels permitted innovations in the treatments of vascular disease. His pursuit of the ideal material to make grafts led him to a department store that had run out of nylon, so he settled on
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DeBakey attended Tulane
University, where he enrolled in a six-year program that combined undergraduate and medical school. He was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in 1930 and a M.D. in 1932.
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on July 16, 2008. He was granted ground burial at
Arlington National Cemetery by the Secretary of the Army. On January 21, 2009, DeBakey became the first posthumous recipient of the
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are named after DeBakey. He had a role in establishing the Michael E. DeBakey Heart Institute at the Hays Medical Center in Kansas. Several atraumatic vascular surgical clamps and
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678:(FBR), whose goal is to promote public understanding and support for animal research. DeBakey made wide use of animals in his research. He antagonized
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The foundation helped to establish the Michael E. DeBakey, Selma DeBakey and Lois DeBakey Endowed Scholarship Fund in Medical Humanities at
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at Baylor College of Medicine in 1951. They collaborated until Cooley's resignation from his faculty position at the college in 1969.
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DeBakey became a member of numerous learned societies, gained 36 honorary degrees and was the recipient of hundreds of awards.
330:, DeBakey was encouraged to complete his surgical fellowships in Europe, before returning to Tulane University in 1937. During
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1042:. The scholarship designates award recipients as "DeBakey Scholars" in recognition of the legacy of the DeBakey family.
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2153:"Selected Major Awards and Honors - In Memoriam, Michael E. DeBakey, M.D. - Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"
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1882:"Aortic interlude: Dr Michael DeBakey, aortic dissection, and screening recommendations for abdominal aortic aneurysm"
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and is said by colleagues to have read it from beginning to end. He learned French and German and participated in a
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2393:"Discoverers of Small Regulatory RNAs and Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs to Receive Lasker Awards for Medical Research"
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in the Surgical Consultants' Division in the Office of the Surgeon General of the Army. In 1945, he was given the
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613:(Dacron) and bought a yard of the material. Using his wife's sewing machine, DeBakey produced the first arterial
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including George Noon, supervised quintuple-bypass surgery performed by Russian surgeons on Russian president
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Between 1933 and 1935, DeBakey remained in New Orleans to complete his internship and residency in surgery at
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DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science and Biomedical Devices at Texas A&M University
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In the 1960s, DeBakey and his team of surgeons performed some of the early instances of surgeries on film.
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grafts to replace or repair blood vessels. He subsequently collaborated with a research associate from the
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1251:"Michael DeBakey: Cardiovascular surgeon whose innovations revolutionised the treatment of heart patients"
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DeBakey died from natural causes at Houston Methodist Hospital on July 11, 2008, at the age of 99. After
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1912:"The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details | NSF - National Science Foundation"
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International Platform Association George Crile Award as the Trailblazer in Open Heart Surgery (1988)
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Theodore E. Cummings Memorial Prize for Outstanding Contributions in Cardiovascular Disease (1987)
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388:. His parents, Shiker and Raheeja Dabaghi (which was anglicized to DeBakey) were immigrants from
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During his final year in medical school at Tulane University, and prior to the establishment of
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and was chairman of the President's Commission on Heart Disease, Cancer and Stroke during the
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Returning to Tulane Medical School, DeBakey served on the surgical faculty from 1937 to 1948.
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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Academy of Sciences 50th Anniversary Jubilee Medal (1973)
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With his mentor, Alton Ochsner, in 1939 DeBakey postulated a strong link between smoking and
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2268:"Dr. DeBakey is being remembered in a way officials say has never happened | abc13.com"
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fields. In addition to his scholarly writings, DeBakey co-authored popular works including
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directly and continuously from person to person, and this later became a component of the
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2294:"U.S. Congressman John Culberson : 7th District of Texas : Blog Posting Detail"
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had done before him, DeBakey was encouraged to complete his surgical fellowships at the
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As a child, DeBakey learned to play the saxophone and was taught by his mother to sew,
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in 1953. A year later, he pioneered techniques in grafts for the various parts of the
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DeBakey joined the faculty of Baylor University College of Medicine (now known as the
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1512:"Michael DeBakey – cardiac surgery pioneer who saved thousands in his 70-year career"
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1201:, co-authored with G. W. Beebe, Springfield, Ill. : Charles C. Thomas (1952)
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1132:. Co-authored with Antonio M Gotto and Mediziner Italien, Charter Books (1977),
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that DeBakey introduced also bear his name. The Michael E. DeBakey Institute at
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Gotto, Antonio M. (April 11, 1991). "Profiles in Cardiology; Michael DeBakey".
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Colonel Michael DeBakey, Medical Corps, US Army, October 1945-February 1946
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In honor of DeBakey, the DeBakey Medical Foundation, in conjunction with
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Prix International Dag Hammarskjold Great Collar with Golden Medal (1967)
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directly from person to person and which later became a component of the
2583:. Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences
2490:"Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers Dr. Malcolm Brenner an…"
2472:"Index - DeBakey Excellence in Research Awards - Baylor College of Med…"
2447:"Baylor honors pioneer DeBakey with library, museum - Houston Chronicle"
2416:"Museum History | Baylor College of Medicine | Houston, Texas"
1177:. Co-authored with Antonio Gotto and George P. Noon, Prometheus (2012),
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Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences
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with Distinction. He was given the Lifetime Achievement Award of the
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2243:"Houstonians view DeBakey's casket at City Hall - Houston Chronicle"
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The Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research, given by the
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of the lung, a hypothesis that other researchers supported as well.
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Battle Casualties Incidence, Mortality, and Logistic Considerations
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International Society of Surgery Distinguished Service Award (1958)
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DeBakey's surgical innovations included novel procedures to repair
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Scholarship Fund for Baylor University Medical Humanities Students
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Recipients of the Lasker–DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award
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American Surgical Association Distinguished Service Award (1981)
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American Medical Association Distinguished Service Award (1959)
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Lomonosov Large Gold Medal, Russian Academy of Sciences (2003)
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DeBakey was a member of the medical advisory committee of the
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Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Houston
1663:"When will it end? Citizens for Alternatives to Animal Labs"
1579:"100,000 Hearts: A Surgeon's Memoir by Denton A. Cooley, MD"
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to study medicine. At Tulane, he developed a version of the
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Presidents of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery
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DeBakey Department of Surgery at Baylor College of Medicine
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In 1958, to counteract narrowing of an artery caused by an
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In the 1950s, DeBakey's observations and classification of
417:. He won awards for vegetables he had grown in his garden.
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1729:"Michael DeBakey, pioneer of heart procedures, dead at 99"
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2220:"Baylor, Methodist mourn death of Dr. Michael E. DeBakey"
1763:"The Man on the Table Was 97, but He Devised the Surgery"
1365:"The Michael E. DeBakey Papers: Biographical Information"
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Methodist DeBakey Heart Center at The Methodist Hospital
2530:"The Legends Behind Cardiothoracic Surgical Instruments"
1118:" A Simple Continuous Flow Blood Transfusion Instrument"
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The Denton A. Cooley Leadership Award (January 21, 2009)
368:. In addition, a number of institutions bear his name.
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Brunner, Nathan W.; Ignaszewski, Andrew (March 2011).
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for cardiovascular research, was named after DeBakey.
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Baylor College of Medicine physicians and researchers
2320:"News of Note 2009-02 - Remembering a Legend - DACLA"
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A Time for All Things: The Life of Michael E. DeBakey
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A Time for All Things: The Life of Michael E. DeBakey
1162:. Co-authored with Antonio M Gotto, Holbrook (1997),
922:
Special Award for Space Technology Utilization (1997)
654:, DeBakey performed the first successful patch-graft
1967:"Houston's DeBakey gets congressional medal in D.C."
835:
Prize from the International Surgical Society (1959)
278:(September 7, 1908 – July 11, 2008) was an American
6401:
6250:
6099:
5920:
5726:
5574:
5493:
5395:
5284:
5195:
5116:
5044:
4986:
4895:
4787:
4678:
4559:
4454:
4365:
4257:
4111:
3987:
3968:
3864:
3673:
3487:
3305:
3161:
3024:
2966:
2907:
2819:
2779:
2760:
2692:– Profiles in Science, National Library of Medicine
2674:
In Moscow in 1996, a Doctor's Visit Changed History
635:DeBakey was among the earliest surgeons to perform
236:
212:
202:
194:
171:
163:
128:
118:
99:
76:
50:
34:
27:
Lebanese-American surgeon and innovator (1908–2008)
2649:Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center
2082:
2061:"Michael E. DeBakey, M.D. Biography and Interview"
1283:"Michael DeBakey, Rebuilder of Hearts, Dies at 99"
856:American Heart Association Gold Heart Award (1968)
789:and in 2000 was cited as a "Living Legend" by the
298:, Texas. His career spanned nearly eight decades.
2654:Michael E. DeBakey International Surgical Society
2445:Todd Ackerman, Houston Chronicle (May 14, 2010).
989:Michael E. DeBakey International Surgical Society
842:Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research
5035:Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences
621:to create a knitting machine for making grafts.
593:In 1980 DeBakey was a consultant in the care of
2528:Ailawadi, Gorav; Nagji, Alykhan (May 1, 2010).
1583:Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
868:Yugoslavian Presidential Banner and Sash (1971)
762:The Congressional Gold Medal awarded to DeBakey
1816:
1814:
1812:
1244:
1242:
1008:Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award
998:Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award
826:Rudolph Matas Award in Vascular Surgery (1954)
713:in 1996. On 29 April 1999, DeBakey oversaw an
2720:
959:American University of Science and Technology
8:
6627:United States Army personnel of World War II
1984:"United States Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison"
1538:"In Memoriam: Michael E. DeBakey, 1908–2008"
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1225:. Oxford University Press. pp. 523–30.
725:during Aliyev's visit to the United States.
619:Philadelphia College of Textiles and Science
6612:Tulane University School of Medicine alumni
6557:Members of the National Academy of Medicine
1937:"Heart surgeon DeBakey receives high honor"
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
886:Merit Order of the Republic of Egypt (1980)
5571:
5560:
5041:
5030:
4451:
4440:
3965:
3954:
3021:
3010:
2757:
2746:
2727:
2713:
2705:
2508:DeBakey Medical Foundation Supports Endowe
1790:"Aliyev Undergoes Heart Operation in U.S."
1505:
1503:
1501:
1387:
1385:
1062:DeBakey High School for Health Professions
1055:DeBakey High School for Health Professions
42:
31:
6622:United States Army Medical Corps officers
2545:
2110:"1997 Space Technology Utilization Award"
1761:Altman, Lawrence K. (December 25, 2006).
1610:
1561:
1088:, the Baylor College of Medicine and the
376:Michael DeBakey was born Michel Dabaghi (
6592:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
1484:. Oxford University Press. p. 191.
1122:New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal
952:
859:Medal of Freedom with Distinction (1969)
2736:United States National Medal of Science
1875:
1873:
1871:
1210:
624:DeBakey performed the first successful
326:. Following early surgical training at
150: 1937; died 1972)
6607:Recipients of the Lomonosov Gold Medal
6532:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
1947:from the original on December 26, 2013
1756:
1754:
1188:DeBakey worked on his first book with
6507:American Surgical Association members
2664:DeBakey Cell Lab at The Health Museum
2634:Video: A Dying King: The Shah of Iran
1281:Altman, Lawrence K. (July 13, 2008).
1084:, founded as a collaboration between
1014:Michael E. DeBakey Library and Museum
793:. On April 23, 2008, he received the
639:. A pioneer in the development of an
7:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1216:
1214:
1174:The Living Heart in the 21st Century
1111:The Living Heart Guide to Eating Out
312:Tulane University School of Medicine
6577:People from Lake Charles, Louisiana
6567:National Medal of Science laureates
6537:Congressional Gold Medal recipients
6522:American people of Lebanese descent
2669:Lasker Luminary Dr. Michael DeBakey
2492:. September 7, 2013. Archived from
2474:. September 7, 2013. Archived from
2195:"Transcript: DeBakey Video Profile"
2155:. November 25, 2008. Archived from
1510:Patricia Sullivan (July 13, 2008).
1249:Caroline Richmond (July 14, 2008).
1090:UT Health Science Center at Houston
915:Honorary Doctorate of Science from
381:
2322:. December 1, 2010. Archived from
1986:. October 21, 2007. Archived from
925:MUSC Lindbergh-Carrel Prize (2002)
892:Distinguished Service Award (1981)
823:Hektoen Gold Medal (1954 and 1970)
809:. DeBakey's major awards include:
787:Foundation for Biomedical Research
733:In late 2005, DeBakey suffered an
676:Foundation for Biomedical Research
25:
6602:Recipients of the Legion of Merit
2414:Museum History (August 8, 2013).
2395:. MarketWatch. September 13, 2008
2083:"Universidad Francisco Marroquín"
1821:Oransky, Ivan (August 16, 2008).
6492:21st-century American physicians
6482:20th-century American physicians
2605:
2547:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.11.019
2296:. August 1, 2008. Archived from
2241:Ackerman, Todd (July 15, 2008).
2041:. International Surgical Society
1886:British Columbia Medical Journal
1320:"Dr. Michael DeBakey: 1908-2008"
1147:, New York: Raven Press (1984),
1107:The Living Heart Shopper's Guide
979:Co-Cathedral of the Sacred Heart
957:Michael DeBakey's statue in the
895:National Medal of Science (1987)
890:International Society of Surgery
883:National Medal of Science (1987)
674:DeBakey founded and chaired the
6632:University of Strasbourg alumni
6572:Military personnel from Houston
2069:American Academy of Achievement
1735:. July 12, 2008. Archived from
1705:. April 7, 2002. Archived from
917:Universidad Francisco Marroquín
848:American Academy of Achievement
147:
2534:The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
1595:10.1080/08998280.2012.11928859
1393:"DeBakey Surgical Innovations"
1033:Texas Children's Cancer Center
637:coronary artery bypass surgery
456:Postgraduate surgical training
310:for his premedical course and
1:
2751:Behavioral and social science
2690:The Michael E. DeBakey Papers
2516:Baylor Media Communications.
2089:(in Spanish). August 13, 2014
1839:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61223-4
1699:"Animal Research Saves Lives"
1542:Texas Heart Institute Journal
783:Presidential Medal of Freedom
771:Presidential Medal of Freedom
715:aorta-coronary bypass surgery
699:
576:National Institutes of Health
472:, and in 1935, he received a
358:Presidential Medal of Freedom
318:, which he initially used to
243:Presidential Medal of Freedom
6547:Heidelberg University alumni
6517:American medical researchers
2581:Michael E. Debakey Institute
1672:. p. 99. Archived from
1640:10.1016/0002-9149(71)90077-4
1113:. His publications include:
1010:in DeBakey's honor in 2008.
1006:since 1946, was renamed the
875:Independence of Jordan Medal
850:'s Golden Plate Award (1967)
821:American Medical Association
773:in 1969. In 1987, President
645:left ventricular bypass pump
2685:Arlington National Cemetery
2372:"Award Recipients - MEDISS"
805:and Senate Majority Leader
500:, Germany, under Professor
6653:
5639:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
2224:Baylor College of Medicine
2014:Baylor College of Medicine
1536:Cooley, Denton A. (2008).
1397:Baylor College of Medicine
1029:Baylor College of Medicine
1023:DeBakey Medical Foundation
754:Selected honors and awards
739:Houston Methodist Hospital
611:polyethylene terephthalate
561:Houston Methodist Hospital
557:Baylor College of Medicine
492:, France, under Professor
384:) on September 7, 1908 in
350:ventricular assist devices
288:Baylor College of Medicine
6582:Physicians from Louisiana
6562:Middle Eastern Christians
6512:American cardiac surgeons
5570:
5559:
5040:
5029:
4614:William Hayward Pickering
4450:
4439:
3964:
3953:
3020:
3009:
2756:
2745:
2139:February 7, 2012, at the
2035:"Prize Winners - ISS SIC"
1577:Weisse, Allen B. (2012).
865:Humanitarian Award (1969)
779:National Medal of Science
717:of Azerbaijani president
589:Death of the Shah of Iran
429:Tulane School of Medicine
362:National Medal of Science
269:
249:National Medal of Science
187:
41:
6617:Tulane University alumni
6063:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
5509:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
3140:Burrhus Frederic Skinner
2171:"Denton A. Cooley, M.D."
1046:Other DeBakey institutes
795:Congressional Gold Medal
670:Views on animal research
534:, DeBakey served in the
498:University of Heidelberg
490:University of Strasbourg
464:University of Strasbourg
372:Early life and education
366:Congressional Gold Medal
336:Veterans Administration.
261:Congressional Gold Medal
5374:Cathleen Synge Morawetz
3292:George Ledyard Stebbins
3213:James Augustine Shannon
2134:Lindbergh-Carrel Prize
2108:Marianne Dyson (1997).
1516:San Francisco Chronicle
911:Others awards include:
907:Foundation Award (1988)
801:, Speaker of the House
551:Postwar surgical career
410:Encyclopædia Britannica
386:Lake Charles, Louisiana
69:Lake Charles, Louisiana
5831:Joseph O. Hirschfelder
5818:Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
4774:Harry George Drickamer
4720:Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
4394:M. Frederick Hawthorne
4268:John D. Baldeschwieler
3508:Daniel E. Koshland Jr.
3190:Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
2174:Academy of Achievement
1480:Miller, Craig (2019).
1451:10.1002/clc.4960141213
1221:Miller, Craig (2019).
1057:
966:
763:
705:
626:carotid endarterectomy
581:DeBakey hired surgeon
572:Johnson Administration
527:
465:
444:. He used the pump to
430:
284:cardiovascular surgeon
224:Cardiovascular surgery
123:Cardiovascular surgeon
6587:Physicians from Texas
6542:Diseases of the aorta
6497:21st-century surgeons
6487:20th-century surgeons
6422:Sylvester James Gates
5808:William Alfred Fowler
5790:Robert Rathbun Wilson
5603:Robert Burns Woodward
4415:Geraldine L. Richmond
4163:Howard E. Simmons Jr.
3446:Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
3375:Vernon B. Mountcastle
3231:Sterling B. Hendricks
3048:Marshall W. Nirenberg
3043:Theodosius Dobzhansky
2891:William Julius Wilson
2496:on September 7, 2013.
2478:on September 7, 2013.
2159:on November 25, 2008.
1739:on September 17, 2008
1192:after World War II:.
1190:Gilbert Wheeler Beebe
1144:The Living heart diet
1096:Selected publications
1053:
956:
761:
698:
691:Later surgical career
595:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
525:
463:
428:
348:, the development of
276:Michael Ellis DeBakey
229:Heart transplantation
6393:Warren M. Washington
6357:Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
6266:Jeremiah P. Ostriker
6211:Martin Schwarzschild
5992:Solomon J. Buchsbaum
5984:J. Robert Schrieffer
5954:E. Margaret Burbidge
5798:Nicolaas Bloembergen
5775:Arie Jan Haagen-Smit
5654:Vladimir K. Zworykin
5406:John Griggs Thompson
5329:Martin David Kruskal
5169:Kurt Otto Friedrichs
4642:Erwin Wilhelm Müller
4596:Ralph Brazelton Peck
4551:Jack St. Clair Kilby
4478:John Robinson Pierce
4445:Engineering sciences
4376:Jacqueline K. Barton
4231:George M. Whitesides
4150:Dudley R. Herschbach
4088:Richard B. Bernstein
4057:Walter H. Stockmayer
3605:Elizabeth F. Neufeld
3536:G. Evelyn Hutchinson
3426:Stanley Norman Cohen
3413:Rita Levi-Montalcini
3249:Keith Roberts Porter
3112:Alfred H. Sturtevant
3107:Michael Heidelberger
3079:Fritz Albert Lipmann
1709:on December 11, 2016
1628:The American Surgeon
1369:profiles.nlm.nih.gov
1070:Texas Medical Center
476:for his research on
292:Texas Medical Center
255:Lomonosov Gold Medal
6443:Shirley Ann Jackson
6362:Charles P. Slichter
6206:Marshall Rosenbluth
6198:Wallace S. Broecker
6151:Eugene M. Shoemaker
5912:Victor F. Weisskopf
5859:Herbert S. Gutowsky
5841:Edgar Bright Wilson
5682:George Kistiakowsky
5300:Stephen Cole Kleene
4811:George H. Heilmeier
4798:Mildred Dresselhaus
4689:Edward H. Heinemann
4619:Frederick E. Terman
4583:Richard T. Whitcomb
4504:Clarence L. Johnson
4465:Theodore von Kármán
4352:Stephen J. Benkovic
4331:Mostafa A. El-Sayed
4318:Marvin H. Caruthers
4273:Ralph F. Hirschmann
4213:Darleane C. Hoffman
4103:Harden M. McConnell
4044:Frank H. Westheimer
3856:Stanley B. Prusiner
3820:Robert J. Lefkowitz
3579:Howard Martin Temin
3436:Maurice R. Hilleman
3431:Joseph L. Goldstein
3370:Donald A. Henderson
3287:Earl Reece Stadtman
3272:Elizabeth C. Crosby
3236:Orville Alvin Vogel
3066:Donald D. Van Slyke
3015:Biological sciences
2352:on February 2, 2011
2326:on December 1, 2010
2065:www.achievement.org
1990:on October 21, 2007
1823:"Michael E DeBakey"
1439:Clinical Cardiology
1330:on January 30, 2010
975:Houston's City Hall
936:Personal and family
791:Library of Congress
354:Albert Lasker Award
18:Dr. Michael DeBakey
6552:History of surgery
6502:American Maronites
6315:G. Brent Dalrymple
6133:Arthur L. Schawlow
6040:James A. Van Allen
5931:Philip W. Anderson
5887:Richard P. Feynman
5813:Linus Carl Pauling
5448:Dennis P. Sullivan
5005:John B. Goodenough
4938:Edwin N. Lightfoot
4906:Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
4887:Kenneth N. Stevens
4655:Raymond D. Mindlin
4578:Harold E. Edgerton
4423:A. Paul Alivisatos
4302:Stephen J. Lippard
4281:Ernest R. Davidson
4218:Harold S. Johnston
4052:William S. Johnson
4016:George C. Pimentel
3851:Susan L. Lindquist
3833:Francis S. Collins
3727:Victor A. McKusick
3702:Francisco J. Ayala
3684:Nancy C. Andreasen
3634:Robert A. Weinberg
3408:Har Gobind Khorana
3393:Michael E. DeBakey
3380:George Emil Palade
3352:Wendell L. Roelofs
3342:Howard L. Bachrach
3172:Barbara McClintock
3074:Edward F. Knipling
2679:The New York Times
1943:. April 30, 2008.
1768:The New York Times
1670:Banpondseizure.org
1287:The New York Times
1058:
985:Leadership Award.
967:
905:Thomas Alva Edison
764:
706:
528:
466:
450:heart–lung machine
431:
324:heart–lung machine
6459:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6388:Esther M. Conwell
6328:Robert N. Clayton
6320:Riccardo Giacconi
6284:Raymond Davis Jr.
6172:Albert Overhauser
6115:Edwin M. McMillan
6076:Arnold O. Beckman
6053:Paul Ching-Wu Chu
6030:Paul C. Lauterbur
6007:Robert Hofstadter
5959:Maurice Goldhaber
5946:Charles H. Townes
5897:Edward M. Purcell
5864:Frederick Rossini
5718:Wolfgang Panofsky
5649:John H. Van Vleck
5565:Physical sciences
5555:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5517:Solomon W. Golomb
5477:Andrew J. Viterbi
5472:Leonard Kleinrock
5419:Calyampudi R. Rao
5387:Ronald R. Coifman
5295:George F. Carrier
5276:Donald C. Spencer
5271:Saunders Mac Lane
5206:Marshall H. Stone
5156:Shiing-Shen Chern
5063:Solomon Lefschetz
5025:
5024:
5021:
5020:
4962:David J. Wineland
4930:John M. Prausnitz
4871:C. Kumar N. Patel
4866:James L. Flanagan
4834:John Roy Whinnery
4821:H. Guyford Stever
4803:Nick Holonyak Jr.
4766:George W. Housner
4761:Willis M. Hawkins
4756:Daniel C. Drucker
4738:Robert Byron Bird
4730:Bernard M. Oliver
4637:Peter C. Goldmark
4624:Wernher von Braun
4570:George E. Mueller
4543:Nathan M. Newmark
4538:J. Presper Eckert
4517:Claude E. Shannon
4486:Charles S. Draper
4435:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4402:Judith P. Klinman
4286:Gábor A. Somorjai
4197:Isabella L. Karle
4184:George S. Hammond
4145:Gertrude B. Elion
4098:Rudolph A. Marcus
3949:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3875:Ralph L. Brinster
3794:Torsten N. Wiesel
3771:Norman E. Borlaug
3758:Solomon H. Snyder
3753:J. Michael Bishop
3712:Mario R. Capecchi
3592:Salome G. Waelsch
3523:E. Donnall Thomas
3398:Theodor O. Diener
3297:Paul Alfred Weiss
3125:Bernard B. Brodie
3061:George G. Simpson
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2950:Michael I. Posner
2851:Eleanor J. Gibson
2803:George J. Stigler
2771:Neal Elgar Miller
2300:on August 1, 2008
1970:Houston Chronicle
1491:978-0-19-007394-7
1445:(12): 1007–1010.
1324:Houston Chronicle
1318:(July 12, 2008).
1232:978-0-19-007394-7
1040:Baylor University
1004:Lasker Foundation
863:Eleanor Roosevelt
735:aortic dissection
568:Hoover Commission
308:Tulane University
273:
272:
207:Tulane University
104:Tulane University
65:September 7, 1908
16:(Redirected from
6644:
6271:Gilbert F. White
6216:George Wetherill
6110:Allan M. Cormack
6068:Jack Steinberger
6048:D. Allan Bromley
5997:H. Richard Crane
5974:Frederick Reines
5964:Helmut Landsberg
5879:George Uhlenbeck
5780:Vladimir Haensel
5742:Allan R. Sandage
5713:Herbert C. Brown
5695:Herbert Friedman
5621:Leon M. Lederman
5593:Julian Schwinger
5572:
5561:
5530:Alexandre Chorin
5504:Richard A. Tapia
5485:David B. Mumford
5313:Alberto Calderón
5258:Joseph B. Keller
5245:Michael Freedman
5214:Herman Goldstine
5068:H. Marston Morse
5042:
5031:
4970:Rudolf E. Kálmán
4954:Robert S. Langer
4946:Jan D. Achenbach
4779:Herbert E. Grier
4530:Igor I. Sikorsky
4491:Othmar H. Ammann
4452:
4441:
4407:Jerrold Meinwald
4176:Norman Hackerman
4155:Glenn T. Seaborg
4070:William O. Baker
3998:F. Albert Cotton
3966:
3955:
3932:Mary-Claire King
3825:Bert W. O'Malley
3781:Thomas E. Starzl
3776:Phillip A. Sharp
3763:Charles Yanofsky
3745:Evelyn M. Witkin
3740:James E. Darnell
3566:Paul C. Zamecnik
3531:Mary Ellen Avery
3503:Herbert W. Boyer
3498:Baruj Benacerraf
3469:Joshua Lederberg
3459:Viktor Hamburger
3421:Michael S. Brown
3267:Robert H. Burris
3022:
3011:
2958:Mortimer Mishkin
2883:William K. Estes
2867:Roger N. Shepard
2859:Robert K. Merton
2843:George A. Miller
2790:Herbert A. Simon
2758:
2747:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2706:
2609:
2608:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2549:
2540:(5): 1693–1700.
2525:
2519:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2426:on March 5, 2016
2422:. Archived from
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2348:. Archived from
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2230:on June 1, 2010.
2226:. Archived from
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2149:
2143:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1877:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1818:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1733:Associated Press
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1679:on March 4, 2016
1678:
1667:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1507:
1496:
1495:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1434:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1399:. Archived from
1389:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1361:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1326:. Archived from
1314:Ackerman, Todd;
1311:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1278:
1261:
1260:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1218:
1159:New living heart
1129:The living heart
1103:The Living Heart
983:Denton A. Cooley
949:Death and legacy
777:awarded him the
769:He received the
743:ethics committee
704:
701:
641:artificial heart
601:Vascular surgery
532:Second World War
518:Second World War
502:Martin Kirschner
470:Charity Hospital
383:
342:aortic aneurysms
328:Charity Hospital
219:Vascular surgery
156:Katrin Fehlhaber
151:
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6341:Lonnie Thompson
6336:Ralph A. Alpher
6302:W. Jason Morgan
6289:Charles Keeling
6279:Marvin L. Cohen
6246:
6229:John N. Bahcall
6224:Don L. Anderson
6190:Peter Goldreich
6143:Steven Weinberg
6095:
6025:Walter Elsasser
6002:Herman Feshbach
5916:
5854:Samuel Goudsmit
5846:Chien-Shiung Wu
5785:Frederick Seitz
5752:John A. Wheeler
5737:Robert H. Dicke
5722:
5585:Luis W. Alvarez
5566:
5547:
5535:David Blackwell
5489:
5440:Carl R. de Boor
5411:Karen Uhlenbeck
5391:
5345:Louis Nirenberg
5280:
5253:Ralph E. Gomory
5191:
5187:Donald E. Knuth
5174:Hassler Whitney
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5017:
4982:
4914:Andreas Acrivos
4891:
4879:Eli Ruckenstein
4858:Hermann A. Haus
4829:Calvin F. Quate
4816:Luna B. Leopold
4783:
4674:
4660:Robert N. Noyce
4650:Emmett N. Leith
4609:Manson Benedict
4591:Rudolf Kompfner
4555:
4509:Warren K. Lewis
4446:
4427:
4361:
4323:Peter B. Dervan
4294:John I. Brauman
4253:
4205:Norman Davidson
4132:John D. Roberts
4107:
4075:Konrad E. Bloch
4021:Richard N. Zare
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3898:Sallie Chisholm
3880:Rudolf Jaenisch
3860:
3843:J. Craig Venter
3802:Rita R. Colwell
3669:
3655:David Baltimore
3546:Robert W. Kates
3518:David G. Nathan
3513:Edward B. Lewis
3483:
3479:Harland G. Wood
3474:Roger W. Sperry
3329:Glenn W. Burton
3301:
3277:Arthur Kornberg
3244:Roger Guillemin
3221:Hallowell Davis
3185:Daniel I. Arnon
3177:Albert B. Sabin
3157:
3130:Detlev W. Bronk
3102:Harry F. Harlow
3097:Kenneth S. Cole
3084:William C. Rose
3056:Francis P. Rous
3016:
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2942:Gordon H. Bower
2903:
2899:Robert M. Solow
2815:
2811:Milton Friedman
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2274:. July 15, 2008
2272:Abclocal.go.com
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2141:Wayback Machine
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1403:on June 5, 2010
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815:Legion of Merit
797:from President
756:
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723:Cleveland, Ohio
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607:atherosclerotic
603:
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540:Legion of Merit
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446:transfuse blood
423:
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2599:External links
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2518:July 14, 2009.
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2363:
2337:
2311:
2285:
2259:
2233:
2211:
2186:
2162:
2144:
2126:
2100:
2074:
2052:
2026:
2001:
1975:
1958:
1928:
1903:
1867:
1808:
1781:
1750:
1720:
1690:
1653:
1618:
1589:(3): 297–299.
1569:
1548:(3): 233–234.
1528:
1497:
1490:
1472:
1414:
1381:
1341:
1299:
1262:
1238:
1231:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1186:
1185:
1170:
1155:
1140:
1125:
1097:
1094:
1047:
1044:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1012:
999:
996:
990:
987:
950:
947:
937:
934:
933:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
909:
908:
902:
899:
896:
893:
887:
884:
881:
878:
872:
869:
866:
860:
857:
854:
851:
845:
839:
836:
830:
827:
824:
818:
799:George W. Bush
755:
752:
730:
727:
692:
689:
684:animal welfare
671:
668:
663:
660:
652:endarterectomy
602:
599:
590:
587:
552:
549:
519:
516:
478:stomach ulcers
457:
454:
422:
421:Medical school
419:
373:
370:
271:
270:
267:
266:
265:
264:
258:
252:
246:
238:
234:
233:
232:
231:
226:
221:
214:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
189:Medical career
185:
184:
173:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
158:
157:
154:
143:
139:
136:
135:
132:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
101:
97:
96:
86:
84:(aged 99)
78:
74:
73:
67:
55:Michel Dabaghi
54:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6649:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6444:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6400:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6375:James E. Gunn
6373:
6371:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6307:Edward Witten
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6249:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6125:Roger Revelle
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6098:
6092:
6091:Henry Stommel
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6081:Eugene Parker
6079:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5941:Edward Teller
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5907:Lyman Spitzer
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5826:Hans A. Bethe
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5770:Maurice Ewing
5768:
5766:
5765:Carl Djerassi
5763:
5760:
5758:
5757:Saul Winstein
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5705:Eugene Wigner
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5690:Paul Bartlett
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5677:Louis Hammett
5675:
5673:
5672:Gregory Breit
5670:
5668:
5667:Francis Birch
5665:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5626:William Rubey
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5562:
5558:
5544:
5543:Michael Artin
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5486:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5456:Bradley Efron
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5382:Felix Browder
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5358:Stephen Smale
5356:
5354:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5305:John McCarthy
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5266:Samuel Karlin
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5194:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5076:Oscar Zariski
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5032:
5028:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4850:Ray W. Clough
4848:
4845:
4843:
4842:Alfred Y. Cho
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4712:John G. Trump
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4525:Edwin H. Land
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4473:Vannevar Bush
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4442:
4438:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4389:Allen J. Bard
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4344:JoAnne Stubbe
4342:
4340:
4339:Joanna Fowler
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4250:
4249:Susan Solomon
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4093:Melvin Calvin
4091:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4034:Yuan Tseh Lee
4032:
4030:
4029:Harry B. Gray
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:Gilbert Stork
4001:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3956:
3952:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3911:Bruce Alberts
3909:
3907:
3906:May Berenbaum
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3812:Lubert Stryer
3810:
3808:
3807:Nina Fedoroff
3805:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3789:Anthony Fauci
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3732:Harold Varmus
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3665:Lynn Margulis
3663:
3661:
3660:Jared Diamond
3658:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3600:Thomas Eisner
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3574:Maxine Singer
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3556:Paul A. Marks
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3365:Stanley Cohen
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3254:Efraim Racker
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3208:James V. Neel
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3120:Horace Barker
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3089:Sewall Wright
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3012:
3008:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2977:Anne Treisman
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2945:
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2506:Fogleman, L.
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1833:(9638): 530.
1832:
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1797:. May 1, 1999
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1183:9781616145644
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1168:9781558507227
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1086:Texas A&M
1083:
1079:
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960:
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775:Ronald Reagan
772:
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748:
744:
740:
736:
729:Health issues
728:
726:
724:
720:
719:Heydar Aliyev
716:
712:
711:Boris Yeltsin
697:
690:
688:
685:
681:
680:animal rights
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495:
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486:Alton Ochsner
483:
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479:
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177:
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80:July 11, 2008
79:
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53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
6417:Sandra Faber
6412:Sidney Drell
6242:Leo Kadanoff
6237:James Cronin
6185:Hans Dehmelt
6120:Robert Pound
6086:Robert Sharp
5902:John Sinfelt
5869:Verner Suomi
5836:Lewis Sarett
5700:Lars Onsager
5644:Henry Eyring
5611:John Bardeen
5353:Richard Karp
5321:Allen Newell
5100:Jerzy Neyman
4725:Tung-Yen Lin
4702:Bill Hewlett
4632:Morris Cohen
4226:John W. Cahn
4127:Karl Folkers
3888:Lucy Shapiro
3838:Elaine Fuchs
3717:Ann Graybiel
3647:Janet Rowley
3629:James Watson
3621:Ruth Patrick
3464:Philip Leder
3334:Mildred Cohn
3282:Severo Ochoa
3259:E. O. Wilson
2677:
2621:
2620:
2619:profile for
2616:
2585:. Retrieved
2580:
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2537:
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2502:
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2456:November 20,
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2298:the original
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2276:. Retrieved
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2252:November 20,
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2246:
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2177:. Retrieved
2173:
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2093:November 20,
2091:. Retrieved
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2077:
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2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2038:
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2017:. Retrieved
2013:
2004:
1994:February 27,
1992:. Retrieved
1988:the original
1978:
1969:
1961:
1949:. Retrieved
1940:
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1915:
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1889:
1885:
1858:. Retrieved
1830:
1826:
1799:. Retrieved
1794:Tehran Times
1792:
1784:
1772:. Retrieved
1766:
1743:November 20,
1741:. Retrieved
1737:the original
1723:
1713:November 20,
1711:. Retrieved
1707:the original
1702:
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1674:the original
1669:
1661:Hecht, Liz.
1656:
1634:(1): 20–30.
1631:
1627:
1621:
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1541:
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1521:February 27,
1519:. Retrieved
1515:
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1407:February 28,
1405:. Retrieved
1401:the original
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1368:
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1328:the original
1323:
1290:. Retrieved
1286:
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1121:
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1102:
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1017:
1001:
992:
968:
943:
939:
910:
833:René Leriche
803:Nancy Pelosi
768:
765:
732:
707:
673:
665:
649:
634:
623:
604:
592:
580:
565:
554:
545:
529:
509:
506:
494:René Leriche
467:
435:
432:
408:
394:
375:
339:
332:World War II
300:
275:
274:
203:Institutions
188:
176:Lois DeBakey
137:Diana Cooper
82:(2008-07-11)
29:
6477:2008 deaths
6472:1908 births
6370:Berni Alder
6177:Frank Press
6058:Walter Kohn
6035:George Pake
5969:Walter Munk
5892:Herman Mark
5874:Henry Taube
5662:Jesse Beams
5616:Peter Debye
5598:Harold Urey
5522:Barry Mazur
5084:John Milnor
4978:Amnon Yariv
4922:Leo Beranek
4748:Ernst Weber
4601:Abel Wolman
4192:Thomas Cech
4122:Elkan Blout
4062:Max Tishler
3979:Roger Adams
3937:Simon Levin
3403:Harry Eagle
3226:Paul Gyorgy
2918:Gary Becker
2696:Appearances
2039:iss-sic.com
1316:Eric Berger
703: 2002
656:angioplasty
530:During the
442:roller pump
438:blood banks
346:dissections
316:roller pump
6466:Categories
6164:Vera Rubin
5803:Paul Flory
5464:Hyman Bass
5337:John Cocke
5240:Raoul Bott
5143:Kurt Gödel
5135:John Tukey
5092:Paul Cohen
4707:George Low
4670:Simon Ramo
3893:Leroy Hood
3694:Carl Woese
3642:Bruce Ames
3153:Ernst Mayr
2587:August 16,
2577:"About Us"
2346:"MEDISS |"
2045:August 16,
1896:August 29,
1892:(2): 79–85
1860:August 29,
1827:The Lancet
1801:October 2,
1206:References
965:, Lebanon.
807:Harry Reid
382:ميشيل دبغي
364:, and the
195:Profession
119:Occupation
61:1908-09-07
6159:Val Fitch
5227:Peter Lax
4997:Shu Chien
4244:John Ross
3959:Chemistry
3347:Paul Berg
2739:laureates
2561:April 25,
2451:Chron.com
2356:March 11,
2247:Chron.com
2119:April 19,
2114:Rnasa.org
2019:March 13,
1847:0140-6736
1703:Mofed.org
1603:0899-8280
1554:0730-2347
512:carcinoma
390:Marjeyoun
172:Relatives
100:Education
6138:Ed Stone
3135:Jay Lush
2556:20417823
2330:March 4,
2304:March 4,
2204:March 4,
2179:March 5,
2137:Archived
2010:"Awards"
1951:April 1,
1945:Archived
1921:March 4,
1855:54378645
1774:March 4,
1683:March 4,
1467:73299837
1292:March 4,
813:US Army
303:Lebanese
301:Born to
213:Research
183:(sister)
178:(sister)
164:Children
2615:has an
2613:Scholia
2420:Bcm.edu
2087:Ufm.edu
1916:Nsf.gov
1648:4686133
1612:3377308
1563:2565528
1459:1841017
1078:forceps
1074:Houston
1068:at the
536:US Army
397:crochet
296:Houston
290:at the
280:general
198:Surgeon
152:
144:
140:
129:Spouses
88:Houston
2700:C-SPAN
2617:author
2554:
1853:
1845:
1646:
1609:
1601:
1560:
1552:
1488:
1465:
1457:
1229:
1181:
1166:
1151:
1136:
1124:(1934)
963:Beirut
919:(1989)
877:(1980)
844:(1963)
817:(1945)
747:Dacron
615:Dacron
378:Arabic
360:, the
356:, the
263:(2008)
257:(2003)
251:(1987)
245:(1969)
237:Awards
94:, U.S.
71:, U.S.
6402:2010s
6251:2000s
6100:1990s
5921:1980s
5727:1970s
5575:1960s
5494:2010s
5396:2000s
5285:1990s
5196:1980s
5117:1970s
5045:1960s
4987:2010s
4896:2000s
4788:1990s
4679:1980s
4560:1970s
4455:1960s
4366:2010s
4258:2000s
4112:1990s
3988:1980s
3969:1960s
3865:2010s
3674:2000s
3488:1990s
3306:1980s
3162:1970s
3025:1960s
2967:2010s
2908:2000s
2820:1990s
2780:1980s
2761:1960s
1851:S2CID
1677:(PDF)
1666:(PDF)
1463:S2CID
630:aorta
146:(
142:
92:Texas
6439:2014
6426:2012
6408:2011
6379:2009
6366:2008
6353:2007
6345:2006
6332:2005
6324:2004
6311:2003
6293:2002
6275:2001
6257:2000
6233:1999
6220:1998
6202:1997
6194:1996
6181:1995
6168:1994
6155:1993
6147:1992
6129:1991
6106:1990
6072:1989
6044:1988
6016:1987
5988:1986
5950:1983
5927:1982
5883:1979
5850:1976
5822:1975
5794:1974
5761:1973
5733:1970
5709:1969
5686:1968
5658:1967
5630:1966
5607:1965
5589:1964
5581:1963
5539:2013
5526:2012
5513:2011
5500:2010
5481:2009
5468:2007
5460:2006
5452:2005
5444:2004
5436:2003
5428:2002
5415:2001
5402:2000
5378:1999
5370:1998
5362:1997
5349:1996
5341:1995
5333:1994
5325:1993
5317:1992
5309:1991
5291:1990
5262:1989
5249:1988
5236:1987
5223:1986
5210:1983
5202:1982
5178:1979
5165:1976
5147:1975
5139:1974
5131:1973
5123:1970
5104:1969
5096:1968
5088:1967
5080:1966
5072:1965
5059:1964
5051:1963
5009:2012
5001:2011
4993:2010
4974:2009
4966:2008
4958:2007
4950:2006
4942:2005
4934:2004
4926:2003
4918:2002
4910:2001
4902:2000
4883:1999
4875:1998
4862:1996
4854:1995
4846:1994
4838:1993
4825:1992
4807:1991
4794:1990
4770:1989
4752:1988
4734:1987
4716:1986
4698:1983
4685:1982
4646:1979
4628:1976
4605:1975
4587:1974
4574:1973
4566:1970
4547:1969
4534:1968
4521:1967
4513:1966
4495:1965
4482:1964
4469:1963
4461:1962
4419:2014
4411:2013
4398:2012
4385:2011
4372:2010
4348:2009
4335:2008
4327:2007
4314:2006
4306:2005
4298:2004
4290:2002
4277:2001
4264:2000
4235:1999
4222:1998
4209:1997
4201:1996
4188:1995
4180:1994
4167:1993
4159:1992
4136:1991
4118:1990
4084:1989
4066:1988
4048:1987
4025:1986
4007:1983
3994:1982
3975:1964
3923:2014
3915:2013
3902:2012
3884:2011
3871:2010
3847:2009
3829:2008
3816:2007
3798:2006
3785:2005
3767:2004
3749:2003
3736:2002
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3680:2000
3651:1999
3638:1998
3625:1997
3617:1996
3609:1995
3596:1994
3583:1993
3570:1992
3527:1991
3494:1990
3450:1989
3417:1988
3389:1987
3361:1986
3338:1983
3320:1982
3312:1981
3263:1979
3240:1976
3217:1975
3194:1974
3181:1973
3168:1970
3144:1969
3116:1968
3093:1967
3070:1966
3052:1965
3039:1964
3031:1963
2989:2015
2981:2014
2973:2011
2954:2009
2946:2008
2938:2005
2930:2004
2922:2003
2914:2000
2895:1999
2887:1998
2879:1997
2871:1996
2863:1995
2855:1994
2847:1992
2839:1991
2826:1990
2807:1988
2794:1987
2786:1986
2767:1964
2589:2020
2563:2019
2552:PMID
2458:2016
2432:2016
2401:2008
2379:2019
2358:2019
2332:2019
2306:2019
2280:2016
2254:2016
2206:2019
2181:2019
2121:2011
2095:2016
2047:2020
2021:2019
1996:2019
1953:2020
1941:KTRK
1923:2019
1898:2020
1862:2020
1843:ISSN
1803:2023
1776:2019
1745:2016
1715:2016
1685:2019
1644:PMID
1599:ISSN
1550:ISSN
1523:2019
1486:ISBN
1455:PMID
1409:2019
1376:2019
1336:2018
1294:2019
1227:ISBN
1179:ISBN
1164:ISBN
1149:ISBN
1134:ISBN
1109:and
1060:The
682:and
662:Film
484:and
403:and
401:knit
344:and
282:and
77:Died
51:Born
2698:on
2542:doi
1835:doi
1831:372
1636:doi
1607:PMC
1591:doi
1558:PMC
1447:doi
1072:in
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405:tat
294:in
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