63:
675:
463:
26:
701:
were kept in the
Adriatic to defend against a possible Danish attack, which failed to materialize. In 1866, Austria's erstwhile ally Prussia signed an alliance with Italy directed against Austria, beginning the
756:
Both ships were modernized twice after the war, receiving new guns in 1867, and again at the end of the decade when their rigging was increased. They saw little use thereafter, however. Badly rotted by 1875,
1236:
1135:
735:
did not escape unscathed, however, as she was hit by
Italian shells numerous times; she lost her main mast, was temporarily set on fire, and her commander was killed.
1245:
1203:
1357:
1229:
332:
were laid down in early 1861, launched later that year, and completed in 1862. They participated in the
Austrian victory over the Italians in the
1275:
1082:
1044:
1128:
1222:
1063:
1004:
985:
739:
engaged the leading ships of the
Italian line, though neither side inflicted serious damage on the other. Nevertheless, the loss of
419:
62:
1323:
1268:
1187:
82:
1394:
1121:
744:
1350:
629:
47:
726:
344:
478:
444:
that Italy had bought from France in 1860. The design work was done by the
Austrian Director of Naval Construction,
435:
785:. She served in this capacity until 1895 when she was sold for scrap and dismantled over the following year.
410:, the emperor of Austria. This program was in response to a similar naval expansion in the recently-united
1309:
1092:
715:
707:
399:
385:
349:, one of two Italian ships sunk in the action. Both ships were withdrawn from front-line service in 1875.
333:
1330:
1165:
649:
449:
429:
327:
313:
1287:
723:
690:
556:
341:
264:
1342:
703:
564:
513:
494:
207:
1253:
548:
777:
from 1875 until 18 March 1883, when she too was stricken from the register and converted into a
544:
rigged. Between 1869 and 1872, both ships had their rigging increased with a larger sail area.
1316:
1158:
1102:
1078:
1059:
1040:
1019:
1000:
981:
960:
621:
502:
423:
321:
974:
445:
411:
391:
132:
486:
317:
309:
135:
1096:
954:
674:
1214:
762:
567:
537:
482:
276:
1388:
766:
521:
497:
2,824 long tons (2,869 t) at normal load, and 3,110 long tons (3,160 t) at
407:
395:
357:
574:
RML 2-inch (51 mm) guns were installed in their place. They were equipped with
711:
590:
490:
462:
415:
25:
1302:
782:
529:
369:
229:
532:(19.4 to 20.4 km/h; 12.1 to 12.7 mph). For long-distance travel, the
997:
Ironclads at War: The Origin and
Development of the Armored Warship, 1854–1891
778:
774:
586:
552:
525:
373:
365:
292:
257:
187:
1023:
1295:
964:
749:
led the demoralized
Italian fleet to disengage and retreat to their base at
583:
575:
498:
1106:
710:, who attacked the Italian fleet as it attempted to capture the island of
516:
that drove their single propeller using steam provided by four coal-fired
493:
of 6.3 to 6.8 meters (20 ft 8 in to 22 ft 4 in). They
1113:
1033:
Des
Kaisers Schwimmende Festungen: die Kasemattschiffe Österreich-Ungarns
560:
454:
in the late 1870s. The ships were rated as third-class armored frigates.
441:
563:
along the length of the hull. In 1867, these guns were removed, and ten
1037:
The Kaiser's
Floating Fortresses: The Casemate Ships of Austria-Hungary
686:
633:
51:
750:
571:
541:
517:
448:, who would go on to design all of the Austrian ironclads through to
217:
194:
528:(1,374 to 1,536 kW) which gave the ships a speed of 10.5 to 11
398:
began a major ironclad construction program under the direction of
394:, started a naval arms race between the major European powers. The
673:
509:
over top. The ships had a complement of 346 officers and crewmen.
506:
461:
356:
s hull was in poor condition, so she was discarded and eventually
1098:
Ironclads in Action: A Sketch of Naval
Warfare from 1855 to 1895
1218:
1117:
320:. Ordered in response to a pair of Italian ironclads in 1860,
418:, and marked the beginning of Austria's participation in the
959:. Pola: Druck und Commissionsverlag von Carl Gerold's Sohn.
489:
measured 13.94 meters (45 ft 9 in) and they had a
685:
Two years after the ships entered service, Austria joined
731:, setting her on fire and ultimately destroying her.
1341:
1286:
1252:
706:. The Austrian fleet was commanded by Rear Admiral
600:
505:were of wooden construction with iron armor plates
16:
Ironclad warship class of the Austro-Hungarian Navy
995:Greene, Jack & Massignani, Alessandro (1998).
973:
976:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
1039:]. Vienna: Neuer Wissenschaftlicher Verlag.
524:. The engine produced a total of 1,842 to 2,060
372:in 1883 and converted into floating storage for
1075:The Naval Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918
593:that was 115 millimeters (4.5 in) thick.
1230:
1129:
8:
1204:List of ironclad warships of Austria-Hungary
316:in the 1860s, the first ironclads built for
1077:. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press.
1016:Famous Sea Fights From Salamis to Tsu-shima
1237:
1223:
1215:
1136:
1122:
1114:
714:in the central Adriatic. In the ensuring
150:Full load: 3,110 long tons (3,160 t)
1018:. Boston: Little, Brown, & Company.
718:, both ships were heavily engaged, with
406:(naval commander) and brother of Kaiser
1101:. London: S. Low, Marston and Company.
793:
559:(RML) guns. These guns were mounted in
147:Normal: 2,824 long tons (2,869 t)
1056:Directory of the World's Capital Ships
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
512:The ships had a horizontal 2-cylinder
477:class were 62.78 meters (206 ft)
469:in her original configuration, c. 1866
20:
873:
871:
551:, and were armed with ten 48-pounder
7:
1359:Kronprinzessin Erzherzogin Stephanie
1246:Ironclad warships of Austria-Hungary
828:
826:
824:
765:on 13 June that year and eventually
485:of 70.1 meters (230 ft). Their
434:were ordered in response to the two
376:before being scrapped in 1895–1896.
956:Die Panzerschiffe der neuesten Zeit
168:13.94 m (45 ft 9 in)
124:General characteristics (as built)
14:
980:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
420:Austro-Italian ironclad arms race
176:6.8 m (22 ft 4 in)
282:2 × RML 2-inch (51 mm) guns
61:
24:
999:. Pennsylvania: Da Capo Press.
886:Greene & Massignani, p. 210
722:inflicting fatal damage to the
232:(19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph)
1058:. New York: Hippocrene Books.
972:Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1979).
630:Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino
48:Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino
33:at anchor after her 1867 refit
1:
1054:Silverstone, Paul H. (1984).
555:guns and eighteen 24-pounder
308:were a pair of wooden-hulled
773:lingered on in service as a
662:
659:
656:
643:
640:
637:
1073:Sondhaus, Lawrence (1994).
1014:Hale, John Richard (1911).
520:that exhausted through one
479:long between perpendiculars
295:: 115 mm (4.5 in)
265:rifled, muzzle-loading guns
1411:
1352:Kronprinz Erzherzog Rudolf
1368:
1288:Central battery ironclads
1199:
1176:
1154:
628:
536:s were fitted with three
384:The launch of the French
160:70.1 m (230 ft)
123:
38:
23:
568:RML 7-inch (178 mm)
277:RML 7-inch (178 mm)
1277:Erzherzog Ferdinand Max
1093:Wilson, Herbert Wrigley
877:Silverstone, pp. 26, 31
582:-class ironclads had a
1395:Drache-class ironclads
1031:Pawlik, Georg (2003).
953:Dislère, Paul (1877).
761:was stricken from the
708:Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
682:
557:rifled, muzzle-loading
470:
400:Archduke Ferdinand Max
841:Gardiner, pp. 267–270
681:before her 1867 refit
677:
465:
314:Austro-Hungarian Navy
1375:Single ship of class
724:coastal defense ship
691:Second Schleswig War
526:indicated horsepower
390:, the world's first
342:coastal defense ship
1254:Broadside ironclads
895:Wilson, pp. 235–243
769:for scrap in 1883.
549:broadside ironclads
1343:Barbette ironclads
1311:Erzherzog Albrecht
940:Silverstone, p. 31
832:Silverstone, p. 17
683:
547:The frigates were
471:
1382:
1381:
1212:
1211:
1084:978-1-55753-034-9
1046:978-3-7083-0045-0
818:Sondhaus, pp. 6–7
743:and the ironclad
693:against Denmark.
667:
666:
641:9 September 1861
638:18 February 1861
473:The ships of the
299:
298:
79:Succeeded by
1402:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1216:
1148:-class ironclads
1138:
1131:
1124:
1115:
1110:
1088:
1069:
1050:
1027:
1010:
991:
979:
968:
941:
938:
932:
929:
923:
920:
914:
911:
905:
902:
896:
893:
887:
884:
878:
875:
866:
865:Gardiner, p. 267
863:
842:
839:
833:
830:
819:
816:
810:
807:
801:
798:
704:Seven Weeks' War
601:
446:Josef von Romako
412:Kingdom of Italy
404:Marinekommandant
392:ironclad warship
364:became a harbor
355:
310:armored frigates
306:-class ironclads
263:18 × 24-pounder
256:10 × 48-pounder
65:
28:
21:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1364:
1337:
1282:
1248:
1243:
1213:
1208:
1195:
1172:
1150:
1142:
1091:
1085:
1072:
1066:
1053:
1047:
1030:
1013:
1007:
994:
988:
971:
952:
949:
944:
939:
935:
930:
926:
922:Sondhaus, p. 10
921:
917:
912:
908:
903:
899:
894:
890:
885:
881:
876:
869:
864:
845:
840:
836:
831:
822:
817:
813:
808:
804:
800:Sondhaus p. 209
799:
795:
791:
716:Battle of Lissa
672:
660:22 August 1861
599:
460:
458:Characteristics
382:
353:
334:Battle of Lissa
318:Austria-Hungary
190:(1,540 kW)
181:Installed power
136:armored frigate
66:Austria–Hungary
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1408:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1347:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1292:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1258:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1089:
1083:
1070:
1064:
1051:
1045:
1028:
1011:
1005:
992:
986:
969:
948:
945:
943:
942:
933:
931:Dislère, p. 11
924:
915:
913:Wilson, p. 241
906:
897:
888:
879:
867:
843:
834:
820:
811:
802:
792:
790:
787:
763:naval register
671:
668:
665:
664:
661:
658:
657:February 1861
655:
646:
645:
644:November 1862
642:
639:
636:
627:
618:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
598:
595:
483:overall length
459:
456:
381:
378:
340:destroyed the
312:built for the
297:
296:
293:Waterline belt
290:
286:
285:
284:
283:
280:
273:
267:
261:
254:
246:
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
226:
222:
221:
215:
211:
210:
204:
200:
199:
198:
197:
191:
182:
178:
177:
174:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
152:
151:
148:
143:
139:
138:
130:
126:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
59:
55:
54:
45:
41:
40:
39:Class overview
36:
35:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1407:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1186:Followed by:
1185:
1183:
1180:Preceded by:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1065:0-88254-979-0
1061:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1006:0-938289-58-6
1002:
998:
993:
989:
987:0-85177-133-5
983:
978:
977:
970:
966:
962:
958:
957:
951:
950:
946:
937:
934:
928:
925:
919:
916:
910:
907:
901:
898:
892:
889:
883:
880:
874:
872:
868:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
844:
838:
835:
829:
827:
825:
821:
815:
812:
806:
803:
797:
794:
788:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
754:
752:
748:
747:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
700:
696:
692:
688:
680:
676:
669:
654:
653:
648:
647:
635:
631:
626:
625:
620:
619:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
602:
596:
594:
592:
588:
585:
581:
577:
573:
570:guns and two
569:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
468:
464:
457:
455:
453:
452:
447:
443:
440:
438:
433:
432:
427:
426:
421:
417:
413:
409:
408:Franz Josef I
405:
401:
397:
396:Austrian Navy
393:
389:
388:
379:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
360:in 1883, and
359:
352:
348:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:
325:
324:
319:
315:
311:
307:
305:
294:
291:
288:
287:
281:
278:
274:
271:
268:
266:
262:
259:
255:
252:
249:
248:
247:
244:
243:
239:
236:
235:
231:
227:
224:
223:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
205:
202:
201:
196:
192:
189:
185:
184:
183:
180:
179:
175:
172:
171:
167:
164:
163:
159:
156:
155:
149:
146:
145:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
122:
118:
115:
114:
110:
107:
106:
102:
100:In commission
99:
98:
94:
91:
90:
87:
85:
81:
78:
77:
73:
70:
69:
64:
60:
57:
56:
53:
49:
46:
43:
42:
37:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1358:
1351:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1261:
1188:
1181:
1166:
1159:
1145:
1144:
1097:
1074:
1055:
1036:
1032:
1015:
996:
975:
955:
936:
927:
918:
909:
904:Hale, p. 245
900:
891:
882:
837:
814:
809:Pawlik, p. 6
805:
796:
770:
758:
755:
745:
740:
736:
732:
727:
719:
698:
694:
684:
678:
651:
623:
591:wrought iron
579:
546:
533:
514:steam engine
511:
474:
472:
466:
450:
436:
430:
424:
416:Adriatic Sea
403:
386:
383:
361:
350:
345:
337:
328:
322:
303:
302:
300:
269:
250:
208:Steam engine
142:Displacement
83:
30:
18:
746:Re d'Italia
481:and had an
437:Formidabile
414:across the
374:naval mines
206:1 Shaft, 1
186:2,060
71:Preceded by
1332:Tegetthoff
1325:Kaiser Max
1270:Kaiser Max
1189:Kaiser Max
1167:Salamander
947:References
775:guard ship
771:Salamander
737:Salamander
699:Salamander
679:Salamander
652:Salamander
616:Completed
610:Laid down
578:bows. The
553:smoothbore
451:Tegetthoff
431:Salamander
368:. She was
366:guard ship
362:Salamander
329:Salamander
258:smoothbore
237:Complement
203:Propulsion
84:Kaiser Max
1024:747738440
789:Footnotes
767:broken up
663:May 1862
650:SMS
622:SMS
613:Launched
584:waterline
565:Armstrong
561:gun ports
499:deep load
495:displaced
442:ironclads
358:broken up
214:Sail plan
108:Completed
103:1862–1883
95:1861–1862
58:Operators
1389:Category
1095:(1896).
965:25770827
781:storage
741:Palestro
728:Palestro
607:Builder
501:. Their
346:Palestro
336:, where
245:Armament
133:Ironclad
116:Scrapped
44:Builders
1304:Custoza
1107:1111061
689:in the
687:Prussia
670:Service
634:Trieste
518:boilers
507:riveted
220:-rigged
195:Boilers
52:Trieste
1318:Kaiser
1263:Drache
1160:Drache
1146:Drache
1105:
1081:
1062:
1043:
1022:
1003:
984:
963:
759:Drache
751:Ancona
733:Drache
720:Drache
695:Drache
624:Drache
580:Drache
572:bronze
542:barque
534:Drache
522:funnel
475:Drache
467:Drache
439:-class
425:Drache
402:, the
387:Gloire
380:Design
370:hulked
351:Drache
338:Drache
323:Drache
304:Drache
218:Barque
157:Length
31:Drache
1297:Lissa
1191:class
1035:[
712:Lissa
604:Ship
597:Ships
538:masts
530:knots
503:hulls
491:draft
354:'
289:Armor
275:10 ×
230:knots
228:10.5
225:Speed
173:Draft
92:Built
86:class
1182:None
1103:OCLC
1079:ISBN
1060:ISBN
1041:ISBN
1020:OCLC
1001:ISBN
982:ISBN
961:OCLC
783:hulk
779:mine
697:and
587:belt
540:and
487:beam
428:and
326:and
301:The
279:guns
270:1867
260:guns
251:1862
165:Beam
129:Type
74:None
589:of
576:ram
240:346
188:ihp
1391::
870:^
846:^
823:^
753:.
632:,
422:.
193:4
50:,
1372:S
1238:e
1231:t
1224:v
1137:e
1130:t
1123:v
1109:.
1087:.
1068:.
1049:.
1026:.
1009:.
990:.
967:.
272::
253::
119:2
111:2
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