267:
had joined programs in
Engineering, Geography, and Sociology, and who were shaping the emerging fields of data and computer sciences, leading to the quantification of the social sciences. Wolfe cooperated with Engineering Professor Edgar Horwood, one of the early contributors to the development of the digital and spatial US Census and the founding member of URISA (Urban and Regional Information Systems Association). In 1961, Horwood led one of the first use of computerized data in urban planning, applied to the development of the Community Renewal Plan of the City of Spokane, WA, which served as a pilot case for using US Census population and housing digital data.
902:. Washington State: University of Washington for the Joint Fact-Finding Committee on Highways, Streets and Bridges of the Washington State Legislature, 1962. The report includes the following chapters: Louis C. Wagner, Virgil E. Harder. The application of the Federal standards regulation of outdoor advertising upon the interstate highways within the State of Washington; and Myer R. Wolfe, Thomas J. Norton, Sidney Cohn. Criteria for the establishment of additional scenic areas upon any state highway upon to the which outdoor advertising shall be regulated.
342:
Australia to consult on the design of a New Town
Prototype for a private consortium. In the early 1970s, the US Department of State sponsored Wolfe to help replanning the central city of San Salvador, El Salvador; in the mid-1970s, he was part of a United Nations Advisory Team to assess the effects of a new expressway, including the possible displacement of existing settlements, in the Metropolitan Area of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and in the late 1970s, the US State Department sponsored Wolfe to give lectures and seminars in Korea, Hong Kong, and Burma.
364:
also sketched the emerging suburban development that he studied in the
Seattle region. In the 1960s already, he was an advocate of the need to use a design approach to the newly emerging suburbs. Some of the sketches came in the form of conceptual diagrams and plans, but most were perspective drawings of places as seen or observed. The sketches were donated both in original and digital form to the University of Washington archives.
311:
major landowner in the
Pacific Northwest, to study patterns of suburban land development in the Seattle area. Studying contemporary urban growth and development was as important to Wolfe as preserving the extent environment of older towns. Early on, he wrote about the changing responsibilities of urban planners in the wake of suburbanization and the importance of seeking continuity in urban form through the ages, publishing in the
298:
Planning and
Economic Development, working on a demonstration program for the production of urban design plans that balanced governmental processes with private sector costs and benefits. The plans addressed new housing development, commercial services, and transit systems, while avoiding the displacement of small businesses and guaranteeing the preservation of historic areas. This work led to the publication of an
224:, in 1918 to Bernard Wolfe (1890-1972) and Ester Krawetz (1890-1969), Eastern European Jews whose families immigrated to the US in 1907 and 1909, respectively. Bernard was a plumber, and Esther, a knitter. They first lived at 145 Boylston Street in Malden, MA, and then moved to 91 Howard Street in Haverhill, MA. The household included Mike’s older brother and a cousin who was about the same age as Mike.
36:
1079:
77:
138:
475:
Mike’s archives at the
University of Washington archives include (1) “The economic outlook of the Pacific Northwest,” ca 1982, and (2) “An introduction” to the International Conference “Streets as public property: public/private interaction in planning and design," University of Washington, College
341:
Wolfe was also active internationally. He received two
Fulbright Fellowships for study abroad, one to stay at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, in Copenhagen, Denmark (1959), and the other to stay at the Technical University in Milan, Italy (1965). In the late 1960s and early 1970s, he went to Western
293:
in 1978). He advised the Johns
Hopkins University Center for Metropolitan Planning (1972), graduate programs in urban design and planning at the universities of Puerto Rico, Texas, Maryland, Hawaii, and Minnesota, as well as the US National Endowment for the Arts on Urban Design Education (1982). He
363:
Wolfe left numerous sketches of towns, cities, urban, and suburban places, which he used to record his travels and to document his studies. His sketches of small towns in the
Pacific Northwest were meant to encourage the local populations to preserve the integrity of their built environment. Wolfe
270:
Wolfe welcomed geographers, anthropologists, sociologists and economists as faculty in the newly formed
Department of Urban Planning. He himself remained a traditional urbanist, focusing on the visual and formal dimension of cities. He did not espouse the construct of dividing the quantitative from
266:
Mike Wolfe was active in the surrounding Puget Sound region, serving on the Washington State Highway Commission, the Seattle World’s Fair Commission, and carrying out important funded research about the developing Seattle suburbs. He collaborated early on with some of the young forward thinkers who
279:
Wolfe stayed at the University of Washington until his death in 1989. He ended his academic career as the Dean of the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (1979-83), a position that allowed him to foster further interdisciplinary teaching and research both between the College departments and
275:
in the US (ca 1967) that was independent from the established departments of Architecture, Landscape Architecture, and Urban Planning. The program welcomed students from all the professional programs (urban planning, architecture, and landscape architecture) enabling them to work together with the
310:
Wolfe carried out several major research projects that focused on the fast-growing Pacific Northwest region. With small grants from the University of Washington Graduate School, he studied the dynamics of urbanization. In 1960, he negotiated a research contract with the Weyerhauser Corporation, a
297:
Wolfe consulted for a variety of public agencies outside of the Pacific Northwest. In 1966, he advised the housing and urban renewal administration of San Juan, Puerto Rico on their strategies, policies, plans and programs. Between 1973 and 1976, he consulted for the State of Hawaii Department of
329:
Wolfe built on the transportation work that he had started in his master’s thesis with grants from the Washington State Legislature to develop criteria for designating highway scenic areas (1962 ), and from the US National Cooperative Highway Program to assess impacts of highway improvements on
372:
In 1943, Mike and Rosamond Virginia Fellman (1924-2023), from Newburyport, MA, married in Broward County, FL. They had two sons, Michael (born 1944), an architect, and Charles R (Chuck) (born 1955), a writer about cities and formerly an environmental and land-use attorney.
294:
was a Visiting Professor at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles (1963-64). After retirement from the University of Washington, he became Acting Dean of the then College of Architecture and Environmental Design at Arizona State University in Tempe (1986-87).
350:
Metropolitan Area. It was sponsored by the US Department of State, the Ford Foundation, and their Yugoslav counterparts and included advisors from several universities. In 1978, the last year of the “Yugoslav project,” Mike spent time as a Visiting Scholar at the
479:
Available online is “Urban design in the urban planning process,” Ball State University Libraries 1979-10-22 Introduction by Malcolm MacNair; presented as part of the Guest Lecture Series at Ball State University’s College of Architecture and Planning.
955:
Wolfe MR. American-Yugoslav Seminar Series, Outline of Lecture: a Study of Alternative Patterns of Urban Growth, an Overview, April 19, 1968.Vladimir-Braco Mi. Myer R. Wolfe: Zapis v spomin . Urbani izziv . 1989(10):43-44.
345:
From 1967 to 1978, Wolfe was a Consultant to and Senior Research Associate in the Urbanisticni Institut in the city of Ljubljana, Yugoslavia (now Slovenia). The project was a demonstration study of regional planning in the
259:, who founded the program in and later the Department of Landscape Architecture. Together with other local colleagues, these newcomers helped create the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (1957-58) (name changed to
381:
Documents regarding Mike Wolfe’s papers, lecture notes, building designs, urban planning projects, and sketches are held in the University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections Division Collection #3390
330:
adjacent communities. From the early-to the mid-1980s, two grants from the National Science Foundation led to assessments of vulnerability to earthquakes and mitigation approaches to guide land use decisions.
288:
Wolfe actively shaped academic and professional organizations such as the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP founded in 1969) and the American Institute of Planners (which was folded into the
239:’s ten-year old Urban Planning Program and received a Master of Regional Planning degree in 1947, submitting a thesis entitled "The Current Toll Road Trend." Wolfe’s first academic appointment was at the
236:
208:(July 15, 1918 - June 25, 1989) was an American urban designer and a founding member of the Department of Urban Planning (1961) and the Urban Design Certificate Program (1967) at the
492:
awarded a total of 45 urban design students, 35 who received a scholarship since 1993 and 10 who received a thesis award since 1995. It has sponsored 7 MR Wolfe Lectures since 1986.
240:
276:
ultimate goal of making quality urban environments. In 1965 Wolfe started a class called the Urban Form, which remains at the core of the urban design and planning program today.
886:. Shinn RD, editor. US Department of Housing and Urban Development Urban Planning Research and Demonstration Project. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, 1970.
212:. His life work pioneered such topics as urban form, the town as artifact, the urban design process, and comparative urbanism in the field of urban planning.
466:
Leigh R, Dost J, Smith WF, Jonas P, Wolfe MR, Shinn RD, Stahl JE, Walter GR, Zink LB, Brown RC, Chatterji M, Healy RG, Monahan RL. Book reviews. 1969:248-70.
263:
s in 2008), which helped formalize the establishment of separate departments of Architecture and Urban Planning (1961) and of Landscape Architecture (1969).
922:. Volume 14, Special publications of the Institute of Behavioral Science. Boulder, CO: Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center, 1986.
333:
Wolfe also received one grant from the US National Endowment for the Arts for research on small towns (1970) and one Design Project Fellowship (1977).
235:
in Durham, NH. He joined the US Army Air Forces in 1942, serving in the Burmese-Chinese-Indian theatre of operations until 1945. He then enrolled in
500:
N.D. Inducted to the University of Washington College of Architecture and Urban Planning Roll of Honor in Architecture Hall on the Seattle campus.
271:
the visual, writing forcefully and prematurely (1965) on the promises of "a visual supplement to urban social studies". He formed one of the first
1064:
641:
838:
In Wolfe MR, Weyerhauser Corporation, editors. Seattle, WA: University of Washington. College of Architecture and Urban Planning 1961.
887:
192:
174:
119:
63:
456:
Wolfe MR. Outline - Urban Planning 479, The Urban Form. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Department of Urban Planning 1966.
1100:
322:, which helped him secure a grant from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development in 1967. The 4-year grant produced
318:. Scaling up his studies of explosive suburban development beyond the Seattle region, he published an article in the British
251:
At the University of Washington School of Architecture, Wolfe was in the company of other such future luminaries as architect
148:
903:
839:
396:
290:
156:
101:
49:
92:
232:
1089:
503:
2018 University of Washington College of Built Environment, Distinguished Faculty Award for Lifetime Achievement.
489:
352:
243:
in Lawrence, KS. In 1949, he moved to Seattle to teach at the University of Washington School of Architecture.
209:
1065:
https://be.uw.edu/2018/05/09/ten-honored-with-new-cbe-distinguished-faculty-award-for-lifetime-achievement/
453:(Portuguese periodical containing writings by Myer Wolfe in Portuguese and English) available in archives.
228:
221:
272:
1134:
1129:
255:, whose advocacy was responsible for preserving much of Seattle’s urban architectural heritage; and
87:
888:
https://books.google.com/books/about/Urban_Design_Within_the_Comprehensive_Pl.html?id=6qtPAAAAMAAJ
252:
855:
666:
326:, a guide for planners to consider new and old urban forms in the general plan making process.
686:
55:
678:
993:
969:
932:
798:
774:
704:
592:
423:
An analysis of the problems involved in the development of a federal public housing project
1041:
916:
Proceedings of the U.S.-Italy Colloquium on Urban Design and Earthquake Hazard Mitigation
904:
https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Wolfe%2C%20Myer%20R%2E
840:
https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Wolfe%2C%20Myer%20R%2E
397:
https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Wolfe%2C%20Myer%20R%2E
1123:
866:
Wolfe MR. A chronology of land tenure: influences on suburban development patterns.
728:
568:
256:
762:
17:
406:
1017:
914:
Wolfe MR, Heikkala S. Earthquake hazard mitigation, Urban scale vulnerability.
616:
544:
520:
1053:
682:
825:
Hawaii: State of Hawaii Department of Planning and Economic Development, 1975
690:
260:
231:(ca 1937) and received a Bachelor of Arts in Architecture (ca 1941) from the
446:. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Department of Urban Planning, 1963.
347:
1078:
920:
Land Use Planning for Earthquake Hazard Mitigation: A Handbook for Planners
463:
Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Department of Urban Planning, 1967.
437:
Proposals for the new town of Royal: Lower Crab Creek, the Columbia Basin
957:
871:
918:, Rome, Italy, 12-16 October 1981. Bolton PA, Wolfe MR, Heikkala S,
476:
of Architecture and Urban Planning, Seattle, Washington, May, 1982.
439:. Washington State. Warden: Royal City Development Corporation 1955.
642:"Kenneth J. Dueker Emeritus Professor of Urban ... - Esri Support"
484:
Wolfe Endowment and Lecture Series at the University of Washington
444:
The problem of sequential connectedness in the urban environment
1072:
131:
70:
29:
900:
Regulation of outdoor advertising along the interstate system
856:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01944366008978395
850:
Wolfe MR. Pages From Planners' Notebooks: Marks of the Eras.
414:
395:. Quincy Planning Commission, Quincy School District, 1956.
751:
302:
for Hawaii professional planners and elected officials.
1096:
1042:
https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv71359
884:
Urban design within the comprehensive planning process
403:
Towns, time, and regionalism. University of Washington
324:
Urban Design within the Comprehensive Planning Process
1103:
to it so that it can be listed with similar articles.
1040:
Anne Vernez Moudon papers, 1964-2008 – Archives West
836:
Locational factors involved in suburban development.
413:
Available at the University of Washington Libraries
247:
Institution Building at the University of Washington
97:Unreferenced facts need to be cut or referenced.
763:https://design.asu.edu/degree-programs/graduate
459:Banerjee TK, Shinn RD, Copeland LG, Wolfe MR.
407:https://books.google.com/books?id=KnMbAQAAMAAJ
852:Journal of the American Institute of Planners
671:Journal of the American Institute of Planners
8:
1054:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1mLqbtitRg
393:A comprehensive plan for Quincy, Washington
151:for Verbosity needs to be cut significantly
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
667:"A Visual Supplement Urban Social Studies"
193:Learn how and when to remove this message
175:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:M R Wolfe was an American urban designer
512:
994:"Myer R. Wolfe papers - Archives West"
970:"Myer R. Wolfe papers - Archives West"
933:"Myer R. Wolfe papers - Archives West"
799:"Myer R. Wolfe papers - Archives West"
775:"Myer R. Wolfe papers - Archives West"
705:"Myer R. Wolfe papers - Archives West"
593:"Myer R. Wolfe papers - Archives West"
405:. Department of Urban Planning, 1963.
280:within the larger university setting.
958:https://www.jstor.org/stable/44179852
872:https://www.jstor.org/stable/40102532
617:"PCAD - Edgar Miller Horwitz Horwood"
7:
284:Lectures and Consultancies in the US
1088:needs additional or more specific
25:
45:This article has multiple issues.
1077:
665:Wolfe, Myer R. (February 1965).
316:American Institute of Planners''
136:
75:
34:
53:or discuss these issues on the
1:
998:archiveswest.orbiscascade.org
974:archiveswest.orbiscascade.org
937:archiveswest.orbiscascade.org
803:archiveswest.orbiscascade.org
779:archiveswest.orbiscascade.org
709:archiveswest.orbiscascade.org
597:archiveswest.orbiscascade.org
442:Walker S, Wolfe MR, Thiel P.
291:American Planning Association
823:Urban design primer, Hawaii.
261:College of Built Environment
1018:"PCAD - Myer Richard Wolfe"
545:"PCAD - Myer Richard Wolfe"
521:"PCAD - Myer Richard Wolfe"
233:University of New Hampshire
95:. The specific problem is:
1151:
1044:Retrieved January 26, 2023
461:Uses of the anachronistic.
91:to meet Knowledge (XXG)'s
683:10.1080/01944366508978474
432:. Wolfe MR, editor, 1954.
428:Wolfe MR, Lifvendahl RE.
425:. Wolfe MR, editor, 1951.
415:https://lib.uw.edu/types/
206:Myer Richard "Mike" Wolfe
733:University of Washington
573:University of Washington
353:American Academy in Rome
337:International activities
210:University of Washington
1022:pcad.lib.washington.edu
870:. 1967, 37(4):271-290
621:pcad.lib.washington.edu
549:pcad.lib.washington.edu
525:pcad.lib.washington.edu
421:Wolfe MR, Kauffman JR.
854:. 1960, 26(2):125-30.
882:Wolfe MR. Shinn RD.
752:https://www.acsp.org/
273:Urban Design programs
229:Haverhill High School
227:Wolfe graduated from
222:Malden, Massachusetts
868:Town Planning Review
320:Town Planning Review
241:University of Kansas
102:improve this article
300:Urban Design Primer
306:Sponsored Research
253:Victor Steinbrueck
237:Cornell University
220:Wolfe was born in
155:You can assist by
18:Draft:Myer R Wolfe
1118:
1117:
1101:adding categories
203:
202:
195:
185:
184:
177:
130:
129:
122:
93:quality standards
84:This article may
68:
16:(Redirected from
1142:
1113:
1110:
1104:
1081:
1073:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
990:
984:
983:
981:
980:
966:
960:
953:
947:
946:
944:
943:
929:
923:
912:
906:
896:
890:
880:
874:
864:
858:
848:
842:
832:
826:
819:
813:
812:
810:
809:
795:
789:
788:
786:
785:
771:
765:
760:
754:
749:
743:
742:
740:
739:
725:
719:
718:
716:
715:
701:
695:
694:
662:
656:
655:
653:
652:
637:
631:
630:
628:
627:
613:
607:
606:
604:
603:
589:
583:
582:
580:
579:
565:
559:
558:
556:
555:
541:
535:
534:
532:
531:
517:
198:
191:
180:
173:
169:
166:
160:
140:
139:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1094:
1082:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1048:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1002:
1000:
992:
991:
987:
978:
976:
968:
967:
963:
954:
950:
941:
939:
931:
930:
926:
913:
909:
897:
893:
881:
877:
865:
861:
849:
845:
833:
829:
820:
816:
807:
805:
797:
796:
792:
783:
781:
773:
772:
768:
761:
757:
750:
746:
737:
735:
727:
726:
722:
713:
711:
703:
702:
698:
664:
663:
659:
650:
648:
639:
638:
634:
625:
623:
615:
614:
610:
601:
599:
591:
590:
586:
577:
575:
567:
566:
562:
553:
551:
543:
542:
538:
529:
527:
519:
518:
514:
509:
498:
486:
473:
418:
388:
386:Further reading
379:
370:
361:
339:
308:
286:
249:
218:
199:
188:
187:
186:
181:
170:
164:
161:
154:
141:
137:
126:
115:
109:
106:
99:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1148:
1146:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1109:September 2024
1085:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1068:
1057:
1046:
1033:
1009:
985:
961:
948:
924:
907:
891:
875:
859:
843:
827:
814:
790:
766:
755:
744:
720:
696:
657:
632:
608:
584:
560:
536:
511:
510:
508:
505:
497:
494:
485:
482:
472:
469:
468:
467:
464:
457:
454:
449:1963-64, 1967
447:
440:
433:
426:
417:
411:
410:
409:
399:
387:
384:
378:
375:
369:
366:
360:
357:
338:
335:
313:Journal of the
307:
304:
285:
282:
248:
245:
217:
214:
201:
200:
183:
182:
165:September 2024
144:
142:
135:
128:
127:
110:September 2024
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1147:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1112:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1086:This article
1084:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1010:
999:
995:
989:
986:
975:
971:
965:
962:
959:
952:
949:
938:
934:
928:
925:
921:
917:
911:
908:
905:
901:
895:
892:
889:
885:
879:
876:
873:
869:
863:
860:
857:
853:
847:
844:
841:
837:
831:
828:
824:
818:
815:
804:
800:
794:
791:
780:
776:
770:
767:
764:
759:
756:
753:
748:
745:
734:
730:
724:
721:
710:
706:
700:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
661:
658:
647:
643:
636:
633:
622:
618:
612:
609:
598:
594:
588:
585:
574:
570:
564:
561:
550:
546:
540:
537:
526:
522:
516:
513:
506:
504:
501:
495:
493:
491:
483:
481:
477:
470:
465:
462:
458:
455:
452:
448:
445:
441:
438:
434:
431:
427:
424:
420:
419:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
398:
394:
390:
389:
385:
383:
376:
374:
368:Personal life
367:
365:
358:
356:
354:
349:
343:
336:
334:
331:
327:
325:
321:
317:
314:
305:
303:
301:
295:
292:
283:
281:
277:
274:
268:
264:
262:
258:
254:
246:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
223:
215:
213:
211:
207:
197:
194:
179:
176:
168:
158:
152:
150:
145:This article
143:
134:
133:
124:
121:
113:
103:
98:
94:
90:
89:
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
1106:
1087:
1060:
1049:
1036:
1025:. Retrieved
1021:
1012:
1001:. Retrieved
997:
988:
977:. Retrieved
973:
964:
951:
940:. Retrieved
936:
927:
919:
915:
910:
899:
894:
883:
878:
867:
862:
851:
846:
835:
830:
822:
817:
806:. Retrieved
802:
793:
782:. Retrieved
778:
769:
758:
747:
736:. Retrieved
732:
723:
712:. Retrieved
708:
699:
677:(1): 51–62.
674:
670:
660:
649:. Retrieved
645:
635:
624:. Retrieved
620:
611:
600:. Retrieved
596:
587:
576:. Retrieved
572:
563:
552:. Retrieved
548:
539:
528:. Retrieved
524:
515:
502:
499:
487:
478:
474:
460:
450:
443:
436:
429:
422:
402:
392:
380:
371:
362:
344:
340:
332:
328:
323:
319:
315:
312:
309:
299:
296:
287:
278:
269:
265:
257:Richard Haag
250:
226:
219:
205:
204:
189:
171:
162:
149:copy editing
147:may require
146:
116:
107:
100:Please help
96:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
1135:1989 deaths
1130:1918 births
898:Wagner LC.
640:Yumpu.com.
216:Early years
104:if you can.
1124:Categories
1090:categories
1027:2023-12-13
1003:2023-12-13
979:2023-12-13
942:2023-12-13
834:Wolfe MR.
821:Wolfe MR.
808:2023-12-13
784:2023-12-13
738:2023-12-13
714:2023-12-13
651:2023-12-13
626:2023-12-13
602:2023-12-13
578:2023-12-13
554:2024-05-31
530:2024-05-31
507:References
435:Wolfe MR.
401:Wolfe MR.
391:Wolfe MR.
157:editing it
50:improve it
729:"History"
691:0002-8991
646:yumpu.com
569:"History"
490:Endowment
355:, Italy.
348:Ljubljana
56:talk page
1097:help out
471:Lectures
359:Sketches
86:require
1095:Please
451:Binario
88:cleanup
689:
496:Awards
430:Zoning
377:Legacy
687:ISSN
488:The
1099:by
679:doi
1126::
1020:.
996:.
972:.
935:.
801:.
777:.
731:.
707:.
685:.
675:31
673:.
669:.
644:.
619:.
595:.
571:.
547:.
523:.
59:.
1111:)
1107:(
1093:.
1030:.
1006:.
982:.
945:.
811:.
787:.
741:.
717:.
693:.
681::
654:.
629:.
605:.
581:.
557:.
533:.
196:)
190:(
178:)
172:(
167:)
163:(
159:.
153:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
66:)
62:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.