109:, took refuge in Haozhou in early 1353. This strained the city's small resources and factions soon developed. Guo Zixing sided with Peng Da and was kidnapped by the opposing faction led by Sun Deyai and Zhao Qunyong. Zhu Yuanzhang, returning from an expedition, rescued him after bringing Guo's younger wife, her children, and Peng Da to the opposing faction's camp and raiding Sun’s house. Yuan forces under hydraulic engineer
157:, the nominal emperor of the Northern Red Turbans. Zhu Yuanzhang initially did not accept this, saying "Ought the man with the big stick to be able to accept the authority of others?" He later decided to take advantage of Han's legitimacy and employed these two relatives of Guo. Both were killed while participating in Zhu's October 1355 attack on
77:
in
February 1352. Guo Zixing’s role as leader was shaky from the start and he struggled to control his underlings. The Yuan Dynasty’s response to the capture of Haozhou was initially lackluster, consisting of undisciplined village raiding and temple burning. The temple where Zhu Yuanzhang resided was
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sieged
Haozhou in winter 1352 and ended in June 1353 after he died. Zhao Qunyong became the strongest leader in Haozhou after Peng Da's death, causing Guo and Zhu to fall out of favor. In fall 1353, Guo Zixing gave an independent commission to Zhu Yuanzhang, beginning the latter's rise to power.
184:, the compiler of the History of Ming, justified his decision to pair Guo Zixing’s (Zhu’s father-in-law’s) biography with that of Han Lin’er’s by pointing out that Zhu swore nominal allegiance to Han until 1367.
161:. Guo Zixing's younger son was made Zhu's second-in-command in April 1356 but was executed after plotting a rebellion. These developments consolidated Zhu's role as de facto leader of the Northern Red Turbans.
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burned in
February 1352. He went to Haozhou in April and joined Guo Zixing’s command. Zhu quickly became a favorite of Guo Zixing and Guo's younger wife convinced him to wed his adopted daughter (the future
82:) to Zhu, as he was attracted to her dexterity and mental clarity. He developed a close relationship with Guo's younger wife, eventually taking her daughter as a concubine. Guo then entrusted Zhu with
61:. His father was a fortune teller and his mother was the daughter of a wealthy man. Guo was a good fighter but had a rash temper. As the leader of a local
69:, Guo believed that a time of great change was ahead so he used his money to gather a group of loyal soldiers. He and four friends (one of which was
141:. After a failed Yuan counter siege, Zhu allowed Guo's old enemy, Sun Deyai, to join their forces. This furthered Guo's resentment towards Zhu.
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and all of whom were made commanders-in-chief) led their followers to capture
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Guo Zixing died in Heyang in May 1355. His elder son,
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451:Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle
429:Mote, Frederick; Twitchett, Denis (1988).
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172:was concerned when he heard that the
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412:Taylor, Romeyn (1975).
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201:Simplified Chinese
509:Red Turban rebels
482:ChinaKnowledge.de
440:978-0-521-24332-2
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