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In 1881, Niles took out a large loan using cobs of corn as loan collateral. However Niles had lied about the amount of corn, the worth of the corn, and he claimed to have possession of all of the corn (which he did not); all of this brought legal charges of fraud against him. Niles was able to defend
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Niles has been portrayed in a conflicted fashion, both as a hustler, and as someone who made sacrifices for his community. He has been described as a "brilliant orator who was also deceitful and manipulative". He is described as a "peripatetic rogue" in the book,
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movement, an endeavor to create
African American settlements in Kanas in order to encourage migration. He joined as one of the seven leaders in the Nicodemus, Kansas colony project, where he moved in 1877. Nicodemus was the first free Black settlement on the
127:. In part because of his political activities, he was made a target; and the Black community came together in order to supported him and help him pay off his fines. He ended up spending four months in Arkansas state prison; after which he moved to
96:, and one of the first American communities with Black leadership. In 1878, Niles was elected as the second president of the Nicodemus colony. In the mid-1878 there was a food shortage in Kansas which caused a struggle to maintain the colony.
119:. In the 1880s, Niles created the all-Black political party called the Indemnity Party, a group which supported obtaining land grants as a form of slavery reparations claim. In 1882, Niles opened a liquor store without a license in
153:, the U.S. Attorney General had diverted the claims of the Indemnity Party by stating the party's land claims were under the state of Arkansas' jurisdiction, which would need to be taken to the U.S. Supreme Court to be appealed.
44:, political organizer, an early Kansas pioneer, and civil rights activist. An African American, he founded an all-Black political party, the Indemnity Party, which advocated for
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Niles was never able to pass any reparations acts in his lifetime, but 150 years later it is still an active topic of discussion in the United States.
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The political climate of
Washington, D.C. during the late 1880s was not supportive of the Indemnity Party goals. In October 1883, the
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mother. Niles had been formerly enslaved, which may have influenced his advocation for slavery reparations in later life.
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was rejected by the U.S. Supreme Court. Less than a month later on
November 3, 1883, there was an event called the
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This article is about the
American Reconstruction era political organizer. For other people with that name, see
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in the form of land grants for those formerly enslaved. Niles was one of the founding settlement leaders of
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In 1869, he was incarcerated for murder of a man, but was pardoned before completing the sentencing.
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presented a petition for land for slavery reparations in the U.S. Senate but it was tabled.
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485:"The Danville Massacre; An Offensive Negros Shot Down in Great Numbers By Inflamed Whites"
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From Here to
Equality: Reparations for Black Americans in the Twenty-First Century
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From Here to
Equality: Reparations for Black Americans in the Twenty-First Century
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From Here to
Equality: Reparations for Black Americans in the Twenty-First Century
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176:(UNC Press, 2020). Niles is one of the subjects addressed in the anthology book,
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himself in court against a team of lawyers and eventually won his case.
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Four
Hundred Souls: A Community History of African America, 1619-2019
357:– via "U.S., African American Newspapers, 1829-1947" database.
408:"150 years later, slavery reparations are on the agenda again"
328:"Nicodemus and the Nation: Charlotte Hinger on Nicodemus"
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Darity, William (2022-02-01). "John Wayne Niles". In
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271:. Random House Publishing Group. pp. 244–248.
181:: A Community History of African America, 1619–2019
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440:"The Enforcement of the Civil Rights Act of 1875"
83:After his release from prison, Niles moved to
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349:. A.G. Tallman. April 21, 1887. p. 10.
111:After his corn trial ended, Niles moved to
64:John Wayne Niles was born in about 1842 in
548:Politicians from Phillips County, Arkansas
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27:Politician, early Kansas pioneer (1842–?)
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198:California Reparations Task Force
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406:Rios, Edwin (August 2, 2019).
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172:He is described in the book,
345:"Nicodemus in its Infancy".
40:(c. 1842–?) was an American
265:; Blain, Keisha N. (eds.).
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332:Cleveland Review of Books
211:List of freedmen's towns
159:William Tecumseh Sherman
151:Benjamin Harris Brewster
135:Civil Rights Act of 1875
553:American reparationists
462:"The Danville Massacre"
372:Darity Jr., William A.
183:(Random House, 2021).
18:Draft:John Wayne Niles
466:Encyclopedia Virginia
436:Franklin, John Hope
380:. UNC Press Books.
347:The Western Cyclone
104:(UNC Press, 2020).
494:The New York Times
470:The New York Times
204:Civil Rights Cases
179:Four Hundred Souls
444:Prologue Magazine
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139:Danville Massacre
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217:References
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60:Early life
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187:See also
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