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Drift ice can exert tremendous forces when rammed against structures, and can shear off rudders and propellers from ships and strong structures anchored to the shore, such as piers. These structures must be retractable or removable to avoid damage. Similarly, ships can get stuck between drift ice
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451:"Honda, Meiji, Koji Yamazaki, Hisashi Nakamura, Kensuke Takeuchi, 1999: Dynamic and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Atmospheric Response to Anomalous Sea-Ice Extent in the Sea of Okhotsk. J. Climate,
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162:. Polar packs significantly change their size during seasonal changes of the year. Because of vast amounts of water added to or removed from the oceans and
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83:, individual pieces of sea ice 20 metres (66 ft) or more across. Floes are classified according to size:
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that is not attached to the shoreline or any other fixed object (shoals, grounded icebergs, etc.). Unlike
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146:. The most important areas of pack ice are the polar ice packs formed from
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Everything you ever wanted to know about sea ice but were afraid to ask
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337: â Outcome of the interaction between drifting ice and the seabed
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Animation of the movement of sea ice, September 2003 through May 2004
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up to dozens of metres in thickness. These represent a challenge for
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LeppÀranta, M. 2011. The Drift of Sea Ice. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
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99:â 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to 10 kilometres (6.2 mi); and
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95:â 500 metres (1,600 ft) to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft);
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10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<3347:DATCOA>2.0.CO;2
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and offshore structures operating in cold oceans and seas.
91:â 100 metres (330 ft) to 500 metres (1,600 ft);
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Cryosphere Today : Current Arctic sea ice conditions
313: â Ice pushed onshore due to water movements or wind
432:"A Port's Ice Is Thinning, and So Is Its Tourist Trade"
349: â Ice formed on a lake and washed up on the shore
319: â Fracture that opens up in an expanse of sea ice
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87:â 20 metres (66 ft) to 100 metres (330 ft);
189:. The Sea of Okhotsk is the southernmost area in the
185:, has become a tourist attraction, and is one of the
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41:(right) in a hypothetical sea ice dynamics scenario
554:The Papers of Paul Gordienko on Ice and Ice Drifts
68:. Wind and currents can pile up that ice to form
325: â Area of unfrozen sea within an ice pack
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384:. University of Alaska Press. p. 2.
343: â Outcome of seawater as it freezes
103:â more than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi).
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527:Marine Modeling and Analysis Branch
465:. Journals.ametsoc.org: 3347. 1999.
16:Sea ice that is not attached to land
158:and the Antarctic ice pack of the
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193:where drift ice may be observed.
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549:Atlas of Antarctic Sea Ice Drift
287:icebreaker in the Sea of Okhotsk
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138:The two major ice packs are the
522:Data source for sea ice picture
422:Environment Canada Ice Glossary
37:(left, along shoreline) versus
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154:: the Arctic ice pack of the
556:at Dartmouth College Library
505:American Practical Navigator
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173:Seasonal ice drift in the
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979:Short-track speed skating
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177:by the northern coast of
126:Biosphere influence (see
378:Weeks, Willy F. (2010).
368:WMO Sea-Ice Nomenclature
187:100 Soundscapes of Japan
413:NSIDC All About Sea Ice
79:Drift ice consists of
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27:
499: : chapter from
335:Seabed gouging by ice
116:Climatic impact (see
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329:Pressure ridge (ice)
299:Drifting ice station
249:of drift ice in the
1075:Iceman (occupation)
191:Northern Hemisphere
106:Drift ice affects:
627:Crystalline phases
532:2011-04-02 at the
515:2011-02-23 at the
501:Nathaniel Bowditch
459:Journal of Climate
437:The New York Times
144:Antarctic ice pack
128:Ecology of sea ice
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1189:Wikimedia Commons
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440:, March 14, 2006.
391:978-1-60223-101-6
268:Drift ice in the
123:Geological impact
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118:Polar ice packs
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1226:Oceanography
984:Tour skating
784:Frost flower
615:Major phases
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455:, 3347â3358"
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251:Arctic Ocean
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156:Arctic Ocean
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110:Security of
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62:sea currents
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1154:Pleistocene
868:Ice-related
779:Frost heave
713:Stalactites
283:Aboard the
74:icebreakers
23:Drift ice,
1215:Categories
1200:Wiktionary
1144:Glaciology
1099:Other uses
969:Ice racing
964:Ice hockey
939:Iceboating
870:activities
641:Formations
632:Superionic
381:On Sea Ice
354:References
234:/ pack ice
218:Baltic Sea
164:atmosphere
112:navigation
911:Sculpture
727:Phenomena
481:1520-0442
347:Shelf ice
311:Ice shove
232:Ice floes
81:ice floes
50:brash ice
46:Drift ice
39:drift ice
25:Greenland
1178:Category
1136:Ice ages
1090:YakhchÄl
1070:Icehouse
896:Climbing
891:Blocking
886:Blasting
804:Hair ice
754:Crystals
530:Archived
513:Archived
293:See also
179:HokkaidÅ
148:seawater
142:and the
66:pack ice
58:fast ice
35:Fast ice
1221:Sea ice
1060:Cutting
1034:Pykrete
954:Cycling
949:Curling
944:Cricket
916:Skating
906:Rafting
901:Fishing
881:Bathing
824:Nucleus
809:Jacking
788:sea ice
786: (
718:Volcano
682:calving
680: (
678:Iceberg
673:Glacier
341:Sea ice
323:Polynya
305:Iceberg
253:around
197:Gallery
168:climate
135:floes.
54:sea ice
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1182:
1171:
1065:Icebox
1024:Palace
1009:Bridge
926:Sports
844:Slurry
819:Needle
769:Frazil
688:Icicle
648:Anchor
479:
388:
285:Aurora
213:Kontio
89:medium
70:ridges
1116:Cream
1106:Chips
1085:Trade
1019:Igloo
1014:Hotel
934:Bandy
859:Storm
849:Slush
839:Shuga
834:Shove
794:Glaze
774:Frost
749:Clear
739:Black
708:Spike
703:Sheet
668:Field
608:water
604:state
601:solid
183:Japan
101:giant
85:small
52:, is
1126:Pack
1121:Cube
1111:Core
1080:Pick
1053:Work
1044:Road
1039:Rink
1029:Pier
854:Snow
829:Rime
814:Névé
799:Hail
759:Firn
663:Dune
658:Cave
599:The
477:ISSN
386:ISBN
97:vast
1004:Bar
764:Fog
698:Sea
693:Jam
653:Cap
606:of
591:Ice
503:'s
467:doi
93:big
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
