552:
35:
587:
273:
710:
352:
509:
314:, and returned, in the third experimental Benz motor car, which had a maximum speed of 10 mph (16 km/h), with her two teenage sons Richard and Eugen but without the consent and knowledge of her husband. She had said she wanted to visit her mother, but also intended to generate publicity for her husband's invention, which had only been taken on short test drives before.
573:
concluded that, after controlling for driving difficulty and time on task, drivers talking on a phone exhibited greater impairment than drivers who were suffering from alcohol intoxication. In the US "During daylight hours, approximately 481,000 drivers are using cell phones while driving according
77:
in the 15th century to automobiles in the 1800s. Driving skills have also developed since the 15th century, with physical, mental and safety skills being required to drive. This evolution of the skills required to drive have been accompanied by the introduction of driving laws which relate not only
809:
it is called restricted (R). Many U.S. states now issue graduated drivers' licenses to novice minors. While graduated driver licensing rules vary between jurisdictions, typical restrictions include newly licensed minors not being permitted to drive or operate a motorized vehicle at night or with a
645:
There is a high rate of injury and death caused by motor vehicle accidents that involve teenage drivers. There is evidence that the less teenagers drive, the risk of injury drops. There is a lack of evidence as to whether educational interventions to promote active transport and share information
822:
It is possible for a driver to be suspended or disqualified (banned) from driving, either for a short time or permanently. This is usually in response to a serious traffic offence (for example, causing death due to drink driving), repeated minor traffic offences (for example, accruing too many
577:
Seizure disorders and
Alzheimer's disease are among the leading medical causes of mental impairment among drivers in the United States and Europe. Whether or not physicians should be allowed, or even required, to report such conditions to state authorities, remains highly controversial.
407:
363:
is more than just knowing how to operate the mechanisms which control the vehicle; it requires knowing how to apply the rules of the road (which ensure safe and efficient sharing with other users). An effective driver also has an intuitive understanding of the basics of
837:, women were not issued driving licenses until 2018. Saudi women had periodically staged driving protests against these restrictions and in September 2017, the Saudi government agreed to lift the ban, which went into effect in June 2018.
1316:
Desapriya, E.; Wijeratne, H.; Subzwari, S.; Babul-Wellar, S.; Turcotte, K.; Rajabali, F.; Kinney, J.; Pike, I. (2011). Desapriya, Ediriweera (ed.). "Vision screening of older drivers for preventing road traffic injuries and fatalities".
164:
vary between jurisdictions. Most countries have laws against driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs. Some countries impose annual renewals or point systems for driver's licenses to maintain road safety.
994:
That was the day that F. O. Stanley and his wife, Flora, decided it would be good publicity for their steam-powered
Stanley Locomobile if it were the first car to be driven up the 7.6-mile Mount Washington Carriage
414:
412:
410:
408:
413:
108:
In many countries, drivers must pass practical and theoretical driving tests to obtain a driving license. Physical skills required for driving include proper hand placement, gear shifting, pedal operation,
771:, former drivers are still legally allowed to possess a car and thus have access to it. In the USA, between 1993 and 1997 13.8% of all drivers involved in fatal crashes had no driver's license.
756:
for the driver's license. Both techniques (annual renewal with tests, points system) may or may not improve road safety compared to when the driver is not continuously or annually evaluated.
411:
752:
Some countries require annual renewal of the driver's license. This may require getting through another driving test or vision screening test to get recertified. Also, some countries use a
798:
before being granted a license. Almost all countries allow all adults with good vision and health to apply to take a driving test and, if successful, to drive on public roads.
339:
for their automobile. The 7.6-mile (12.2 km) journey took over two hours (not counting time to add more water); the descent was accomplished by putting the engine in
1025:
551:
1298:
394:
In many countries, knowledge of the rules of the road, both practical and theoretical, is assessed with a driving test(s), and those who pass are issued with a
823:
demerit points for speeding), or for a specific medical condition which prevents driving, pending a future assessment (for example, a traumatic brain injury).
1377:
1257:
574:
to the publication on the
National Highway Traffic Safety Association. Another survey indicated that music could adversely affect a driver's concentration."
1007:
698:
409:
240:", being used—from the 1830s—not of the driver but of the person in charge of passengers and collecting fares), while German influenced areas adopted
1062:
422:
A driver must have physical skills to be able to control direction, acceleration, and deceleration. For motor vehicles, the detailed tasks include:
73:
in the location they are driving. The word "driving" has etymology dating back to the 15th century. Its meaning has changed from primarily driving
654:
Driveability of a vehicle means the smooth delivery of power, as demanded by the driver. Typical causes of driveability degradation are rough
1514:
1395:
691:
893:
646:
about the risks, cost, and stresses involved with driving are effective at reducing or delaying car driving in the teenage years.
210:
in origin means "to force to move, to impel by physical force". It is first recorded of electric railway drivers in 1889 and of a
172:
estimates that 1.35 million people are killed each year in road traffic; it is the leading cause of death for people age 5 to 29.
570:
328:
277:
1124:
130:
566:
1029:
801:
In many countries, even after passing one's driving test, new drivers are initially subject to special restrictions under
89:
drivers in 1889 and motor-car drivers in 1896. The world's first long-distance road trip by automobile was in 1888, when
81:
The term "driver" originated in the 15th century, referring to the occupation of driving working animals such as pack or
1281:
928:
545:
527:
738:
615:
34:
1479:
1434:
1559:
1448:
802:
105:, Germany. Driving requires both physical and mental skills, as well as an understanding of the rules of the road.
1264:
611:
1011:
169:
1347:
436:
20:
1554:
805:
rules. For example, in
Australia, novice drivers are required to carry "P" ("provisional") plates, while in
430:
28:
1043:
1069:
768:
753:
746:
625:
294:
272:
149:
94:
24:
121:
devices. Mental skills involve hazard awareness, decision-making, evasive maneuvering, and understanding
1564:
826:
Some jurisdictions ban driving on certain days for vehicles with specific licence plate configurations.
811:
601:
586:
137:
512:
Observing the environment. Driving in a snowy condition can pose serious hazards. The snow affects the
69:
is granted based on a set of conditions being met, and drivers are required to follow the established
161:
709:
718:
520:
Avoiding or successfully handling an emergency driving situation can involve the following skills:
450:
1177:
979:
924:
880:
846:
791:
742:
730:
726:
620:
562:
555:
1510:
1330:
1239:
1221:
1169:
1161:
1142:"Must Physicians Report Impaired Driving? Rethinking a Duty on a Collision Course with Itself"
734:
496:
1141:
1549:
1413:
1322:
1229:
1213:
1153:
630:
540:
513:
490:
443:
365:
157:
153:
145:
122:
86:
1530:
395:
319:
74:
1101:
1087:
1503:
867:
351:
1378:"Restrictions for L and P plate drivers – Keeping your licence – Your licence – GEARED"
1234:
1201:
947:
465:
244:(used of coach-drivers in the 18th century, but shortened about 1900 from the compound
195:
1359:
900:
508:
1543:
779:
764:
722:
655:
634:
486:
332:
1181:
533:
Making good and quick decisions based on factors such as road and traffic conditions
1326:
1217:
834:
795:
679:
478:
203:
126:
82:
70:
46:
806:
667:
289:
90:
1063:"Fatal Distraction? A Comparison of the Cell-Phone Driver and the Drunk Driver"
933:
659:
482:
236:
54:
1225:
1202:"Mobility management to prevent, reduce, or delay driving a car in teenagers"
1165:
701:
standardises road signs, traffic lights and road markings to improve safety.
383:, such operators are legally considered drivers and are required to obey the
388:
336:
307:
299:
285:
199:
185:
118:
102:
1334:
1243:
1173:
1449:"Here's what Omani women say about Saudi lifting its ban on women drivers"
737:. Most countries also have differing laws against driving while under the
663:
1157:
1125:
Hard-Rock and
Classic Music Could Lead to Road Accidents, New Survey Says
961:
775:
606:
524:
Observing the environment for road signs, driving conditions, and hazards
461:
340:
303:
194:, as recorded from the 15th century, refers to the occupation of driving
181:
141:
136:
Safety concerns in driving include poor road conditions, low visibility,
110:
98:
1456:
713:
Driver's license from Spain. Spanish driving licenses use a point system
384:
372:
360:
311:
114:
66:
133:, and certain medical conditions can impair a driver's mental skills.
1534:
810:
passenger other than family members, zero blood alcohol, and limited
725:
schemes vary considerably between jurisdictions, as do laws imposing
454:
376:
690:
Some jurisdictions submit to some or all of the requirements of the
708:
585:
550:
507:
471:
405:
350:
271:
58:
33:
767:
does not require a driver's license at all. As such, even with a
1047:
830:
774:
In some countries (such as the UK), the car itself needs have a
1505:
Traffic: why we drive the way we do (and what it says about us)
62:
50:
1068:. University of Utah Department of Psychology. Archived from
446:
with one's feet to accelerate, slow and stop the vehicle and
260:—all with a meaning "steer, guide, navigate"—translating to
1200:
Ward, Aimee; Lewis, Sharon R.; Weiss, Harold (2020-08-16).
776:
certificate that proves the vehicle is safe and roadworthy
790:
Drivers may be required to take lessons with an approved
477:
Operating other important ancillary devices such as the
794:(or are strongly encouraged to do so) and must pass a
317:
In 1899, F. O. Stanley and his wife Flora drove their
1435:"Italy issues new rules for driving the Amalfi Coast"
1396:"Conditions and restrictions of a restricted licence"
1061:
Strayer, David; Drews, Frank; Crouch, Dennis (2003).
829:
A few countries banned women driving in the past. In
78:
to the driver but also to the driveability of a car.
565:
can compromise a driver's mental skills, as can any
387:. Driving over a long distance is referred to as a
276:In 1899, an automobile was driven to the summit of
1502:
598:Driving in poor road conditions and low visibility
418:Control direction, acceleration, and deceleration.
833:, women were not allowed to drive until 1970. In
749:have become problems for drivers in some areas.
1106:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
1044:"Think driving is all about practical skills?"
45:is the controlled operation and movement of a
1135:
1133:
1086:National Highway Traffic Safety Association.
980:"Taming a Mountain Road With Horses and Cars"
727:criminal responsibility for negligent driving
8:
1303:Mobility and transport - European Commission
1509:(1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
1319:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1206:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
699:Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals
65:. A driver's permission to drive on public
590:Safety is always the most important thing.
426:Proper hand placement and seating position
1360:"Legal obligations of drivers and riders"
1258:"State of California Air Resources Board"
1233:
973:
971:
1480:"Saudi Arabia Agrees to Let Women Drive"
1282:"Geneva Convention on Road Traffic 1949"
868:Global status report on road safety 2018
1414:"Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) Laws"
858:
678:Drivers are subject to the laws of the
429:Starting the vehicle's engine with the
288:by automobile was in August 1888, when
934:"Making of 'Carl & Bertha' (Film)"
778:. Also, it needs to have a minimum of
530:, especially in heavy and city traffic
302:, drove 66 mi (106 km) from
1195:
1193:
1191:
1028:. Driving Test Advice. Archived from
978:Jensen, Christopher (June 17, 2011).
7:
474:pressure to slow or stop the vehicle
1478:Hubbard, Ben (September 26, 2017).
739:influence of alcohol or other drugs
280:, New Hampshire, for the first time
1010:. Driving in Paris. Archived from
1008:"Driving in France for UK Drivers"
866:World Health Organization (2018).
594:Safety issues in driving include:
449:If the vehicle is equipped with a
14:
692:Geneva Convention on Road Traffic
464:the vehicle's direction with the
335:in the United States to generate
214:in 1896. Early alternatives were
1299:"Assessing the fitness to drive"
571:mobile phones and driving safety
284:The world's first long-distance
1046:. Easy to Drive. Archived from
371:Although direct operation of a
323:automobile, sometimes called a
131:altered states of consciousness
1327:10.1002/14651858.CD006252.pub3
1218:10.1002/14651858.CD009438.pub2
1146:The Journal of Clinical Ethics
569:. One study on the subject of
567:altered state of consciousness
268:Introduction of the automobile
1:
1102:"Distracted Driving | NHTSA"
948:"GPS-Download Outbound Trip"
936:– via www.youtube.com.
546:Left- and right-hand traffic
379:are commonly referred to as
234:" (the English equivalent, "
1140:Appel, Jacob (2009-06-01).
682:in which they are driving.
616:driving under the influence
368:and can drive responsibly.
1581:
1382:Geared – Transport for NSW
803:graduated driver licensing
769:withdrawn driver's license
731:vehicle safety inspections
179:
156:. Laws regarding driving,
18:
686:International conventions
670:, or insufficient power.
528:Awareness of surroundings
355:Driving a bus in traffic.
170:World Health Organization
1501:Vanderbilt, Tom (2008).
21:Driving (disambiguation)
760:Ownership and insurance
717:The rules of the road,
190:The origin of the term
29:Driver (disambiguation)
714:
626:Sleep-deprived driving
591:
559:
517:
419:
356:
295:Benz Patent-Motorwagen
281:
150:sleep-deprived driving
95:Benz Patent-Motorwagen
85:. It later applied to
39:
38:Driving a convertible.
25:Drive (disambiguation)
16:Operation of a vehicle
894:"The First Road Trip"
812:power-to-weight ratio
780:third party insurance
712:
612:Drug–impaired driving
602:Texting while driving
589:
554:
511:
417:
354:
275:
180:Further information:
138:texting while driving
71:road and traffic laws
37:
1158:10.1086/JCE200920204
1088:"Distracted Driving"
723:vehicle registration
162:vehicle registration
19:For other uses, see
1305:. October 17, 2016.
536:Evasive maneuvering
514:dynamics of the car
451:manual transmission
439:to the correct gear
327:, to the summit of
117:, and operation of
1531:Driving and Safety
1484:The New York Times
1348:Unlicensed to kill
1014:on April 19, 2017.
984:The New York Times
881:Century Dictionary
847:Hands-free driving
792:driving instructor
743:Aggressive driving
715:
705:Local driving laws
697:Additionally, the
621:Distracted driving
592:
560:
556:Distracted driving
518:
453:, to modulate the
420:
357:
343:and much braking.
282:
230:. French favors "
40:
1560:Vehicle operation
1516:978-0-307-26478-7
1384:. 16 August 2021.
491:windshield wipers
415:
385:rules of the road
248:), and the verbs
1572:
1520:
1508:
1488:
1487:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1459:on June 29, 2018
1455:. Archived from
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1403:
1392:
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1313:
1307:
1306:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1263:. Archived from
1262:
1254:
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1247:
1237:
1197:
1186:
1185:
1137:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1115:
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1083:
1077:
1076:
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1040:
1034:
1033:
1026:"Getting moving"
1022:
1016:
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998:
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975:
966:
958:
952:
951:
944:
938:
937:
921:
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914:
912:
911:
905:
899:. Archived from
898:
890:
884:
878:
872:
871:
863:
814:of the vehicle.
719:driver licensing
631:Reckless driving
541:vehicle dynamics
416:
366:vehicle handling
329:Mount Washington
278:Mount Washington
246:Kraftwagenfahrer
212:motor-car driver
158:driver licensing
154:reckless driving
146:impaired driving
123:vehicle dynamics
87:electric railway
1580:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1571:
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1495:Further reading
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1321:(3): CD006252.
1315:
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1212:(8): CD009438.
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988:
986:
977:
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969:
962:The Car is Born
959:
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946:
945:
941:
932:
929:Wayback Machine
922:
918:
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896:
892:
891:
887:
879:
875:
865:
864:
860:
855:
843:
820:
788:
786:Driver training
762:
733:and compulsory
707:
688:
676:
652:
643:
584:
506:
442:Depressing the
431:starting system
406:
404:
396:driving license
349:
320:Stanley Steamer
270:
196:working animals
188:
178:
75:working animals
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1578:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1555:Land transport
1552:
1542:
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1526:
1525:External links
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1405:
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1308:
1290:
1273:
1270:on 2008-09-10.
1249:
1187:
1152:(2): 136–140.
1129:
1127:; Infoniac.com
1117:
1093:
1078:
1075:on 2009-04-11.
1053:
1050:on 2008-01-17.
1035:
1032:on 2009-03-16.
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539:Understanding
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466:steering wheel
459:
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402:Physical skill
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375:and a mounted
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347:Driving skills
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1453:Times of Oman
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1400:Driving Tests
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906:on 2021-04-30
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765:Car ownership
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754:points system
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728:
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635:street racing
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487:parking brake
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290:Bertha Benz
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1420:2012-07-22
1111:2023-03-06
989:2011-09-29
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