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242:
443:
features music by a number of drone metal groups. Jarmusch said, "I love these kind of visual landscapes they make, and they really inspired things for me for my film ..., because when I write I'm listening to things that inspire me in the direction of whatever world I'm imagining. Boris and Sunn
147:
Typically, the electric guitar is performed with a large amount of reverb or audio feedback while vocals may or may not be present. Songs often lack beat or rhythm in the traditional sense and are typically very long. The experience of a drone metal performance has been compared by novelist
421:. Violette points out, however, that drone metal is "as much a physiological phenomenon as an acoustic one", with an attendant physicality. O'Malley has also mentioned an appreciation for
830:
2089:
160:
in the middle of an earthquake. Wray also states, "It's hard to imagine any music being heavier or, for that matter, very much slower." A pioneer band of drone metal called
1018:
675:
877:
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978:
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376:(Southampton, England) are prominent drone metal groups that formed in the early 21st century. Noise musicians, such as
317:, initially formed as a tribute to Earth, is most responsible for the contemporary prominence of the drone metal style.
2578:
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301:, formed five years later, also in Seattle, continued in this tradition, incorporating unusual vocals and bursts of
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388:'s Essentialist project is a contribution to drone metal by an elder composer, attempting to "arrive at an
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1972:
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325:, from Tokyo, also developed a style of drone metal, parallel with the Seattle groups, as did
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932:"The Invocation at Tilburg: Mysticism, Implicit Religion, and Gravetemple's Drone Metal"
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Coggins, Owen (2018). "Amplifier
Worship: Materiality and Mysticism in Heavy Sound".
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O))) and Earth were really instrumental in me just finding a place in my head."
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648:"Splendid Magazine reviews Earth: Hex: Or Printing in the Infernal Method"
17:
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1936:
1926:
1838:
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831:"Boris, sunn O))), Earth Soundtrack Jim Jarmusch's The Limits of Control"
318:
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173:
2318:
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2033:
274:
2481:
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1921:
1615:
1213:
946:
900:
625:
Steve Smith, "Where
Classic Avant-Garde Gets a Hint of Heavy Metal",
500:
394:
essence of heavy metal, reducing it to a basic chord progression".
1146:
240:
2461:
1654:
241:
157:
2071:
1658:
1000:
794:"Kevin Drumm - Sheer Hellish Miasma - Review - Stylus Magazine"
774:
Kim Kelly, "Choice Cuts", Terrorizer #189, October 2009, p. 22.
996:
939:
Implicit
Religion: Journal for the Critical Study of Religion
733:"The Phoenix > Music Features > Heavy-metal chill out"
523:"Heavy, Heavier, Heaviest: A Beginner's Guide To Doom-Drone"
495:
Brandon Stosuy, "Heavy Metal: It's Alive and
Flourishing",
193:
Early guitar-produced drone effects go as far back as the
819:,:.ELU OF THE NINE- Maurerische Trauermusik coming 2010.:
604:
Jon
Caramanica, "The Alchemy of Art World Heavy Metal".
930:
Coggins, Owen (June 2015). Walters, Barbara R. (ed.).
429:. Rhys Chatham's Essentialist included projections by
899:. Bloomsbury Studies in Religion and Popular Music.
2525:
2449:
2396:
2311:
2196:
2185:
2105:
2011:
1955:
1884:
1757:
1692:
1576:
1458:
1361:
1034:
348:(UK), Black Boned Angel (Wellington, New Zealand),
84:
72:
51:
39:
34:
305:. The group initially recorded for the prominent
897:Mysticism, Ritual, and Religion in Drone Metal
621:
619:
617:
2083:
1670:
1012:
413:, who has likened drone metal to the work of
8:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
409:collaborated on an installation with artist
123:that melds the slow tempos and heaviness of
321:is also a stated influence on many groups.
131:. Drone metal is sometimes associated with
2193:
2090:
2076:
2068:
1677:
1663:
1655:
1019:
1005:
997:
352:(New York City), Ocean (Portland, Maine),
265:, which has been described as "minimalist
31:
880:from the original on September 11, 2015.
491:
489:
261:, formed in 1989 by minimalist musician
485:
584:
582:
580:
578:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
521:Pattison, Louis (February 17, 2015).
253:Drone metal was first established by
7:
2533:List of experimental music festivals
168:. Jan Tumlir indicates a "sustained
676:"Sunn O))) and Boris present Altar"
674:Spall, Oliver (December 10, 2007).
269:". Earth took inspiration from the
2538:List of electronic music festivals
984:from the original on July 15, 2021
862:"Invisible Jukebox - Jim Jarmusch"
25:
1978:Early Norwegian black metal scene
701:Stosuy, Brandon (July 31, 2015).
384:, have also worked in the style.
1639:
1638:
1538:New wave of American heavy metal
417:. Tumlir locates a precedent in
398:Connections with other art forms
360:(Washington/London), Ascend and
127:with the long-duration tones of
2472:Experimental musical instrument
2039:New wave of British heavy metal
1543:New wave of British heavy metal
829:Breihan, Tom (March 11, 2009).
313:. O'Malley's subsequent group,
2543:List of experimental musicians
366:Teeth of Lions Rule the Divine
1:
2517:Electroacoustic improvisation
860:Licht, Alan (November 2009).
810:Access date: August 23, 2008.
703:"Locrian's Ode to Extinction"
664:Access date: August 23, 2008.
632:Access date: August 28, 2008.
611:Access date: August 25, 2008.
595:Access date: August 22, 2008.
572:Access date: August 18, 2008.
502:Access date: August 22, 2008.
164:has indicated a kinship with
913:10.5040/9781350025127.ch-005
868:. No. 309. p. 23.
749:Access date: August 22, 2008
606:International Herald Tribune
588:Jan Tumlir, "Primal dirge",
1548:Early Norwegian black metal
2595:
565:John Wray, "Heady Metal",
156:to listening to an Indian
2052:
1629:
372:(Liverpool, England) and
89:
959:10.1558/imre.v18i2.27238
2293:Intelligent dance music
1963:Australian thrash metal
1488:Bangladeshi heavy metal
1478:Australian thrash metal
368:(Nottingham, England),
27:Subgenre of heavy metal
1973:Brazilian thrash metal
1611:Heavy metal subculture
1523:Indigenous metal music
1498:Brazilian thrash metal
1483:Australian heavy metal
761:review, "Soundcheck",
645:, September 14, 2005.
629:, September 13, 2006.
608:, September 20, 2005.
250:
2003:Teutonic thrash metal
1968:Bay Area thrash metal
1765:Blackened death metal
1563:Teutonic thrash metal
1493:Bay Area thrash metal
1473:Argentine heavy metal
1088:Blackened death metal
791:, September 1, 2003.
654:on September 27, 2008
440:The Limits of Control
244:
2477:Experimental luthier
2187:Experimental popular
1503:Canadian heavy metal
907:. pp. 115–136.
841:on February 14, 2012
785:Sheer Hellish Miasma
2398:Extended techniques
1998:Swedish death metal
1983:Florida death metal
1558:Swedish death metal
1513:Florida death metal
1508:Chinese heavy metal
1468:African heavy metal
1266:Neue Deutsche Härte
905:Bloomsbury Academic
765:, July 2008, p. 45.
739:on December 8, 2008
682:on December 8, 2008
499:, August 19, 2005.
419:Robert Rauschenberg
259:Olympia, Washington
218:Metal Machine Music
2579:Heavy metal genres
2569:Experimental music
2502:Sound installation
2349:Free improvisation
2241:Deconstructed club
2099:Experimental music
2029:heavy metal genres
1988:Les LĂ©gions Noires
1932:neoclassical metal
1705:National Socialist
1533:Les LĂ©gions Noires
1261:Neoclassical metal
1071:National Socialist
951:Equinox Publishing
800:on August 28, 2008
728:The Boston Phoenix
251:
207:, 1972) and early
154:The New York Times
137:experimental metal
2551:
2550:
2487:Progressive music
2467:Data sonification
2392:
2391:
2251:Experimental rock
2209:Avant-garde metal
2065:
2064:
1993:Palm Desert Scene
1897:beatdown hardcore
1892:Avant-garde metal
1652:
1651:
1311:Progressive metal
1056:Beatdown hardcore
1051:Avant-garde metal
1046:Alternative metal
922:978-1-3500-2510-3
759:Ample Fire Within
730:, June 15, 2006.
641:Jason Jackowiak,
356:(New York City),
227:Stahlwerksynfonie
110:
109:
93:Avant-garde metal
52:Stylistic origins
16:(Redirected from
2586:
2526:Events and lists
2450:Related concepts
2374:Progressive jazz
2246:Experimental pop
2204:Avant-garde jazz
2194:
2165:Musique concrete
2148:Acousmatic music
2092:
2085:
2078:
2069:
1885:Derivative forms
1775:crossover thrash
1679:
1672:
1665:
1656:
1642:
1641:
1591:Environmentalism
1362:Musical elements
1346:Crossover thrash
1224:Industrial metal
1021:
1014:
1007:
998:
993:
991:
989:
983:
936:
926:
882:
881:
857:
851:
850:
848:
846:
837:. Archived from
826:
820:
817:
811:
809:
807:
805:
796:. Archived from
781:
775:
772:
766:
756:
750:
748:
746:
744:
735:. Archived from
724:
718:
717:
715:
713:
698:
692:
691:
689:
687:
678:. Archived from
671:
665:
663:
661:
659:
650:. Archived from
639:
633:
623:
612:
602:
596:
586:
573:
569:, May 28, 2006.
563:
538:
537:
535:
533:
518:
503:
493:
403:Stephen O'Malley
295:Stephen O'Malley
279:minimalist music
213:industrial music
98:industrial metal
73:Cultural origins
32:
21:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2521:
2507:Sound sculpture
2445:
2426:Prepared guitar
2411:Circuit bending
2388:
2307:
2190:
2188:
2181:
2143:Electroacoustic
2114:
2111:classical music
2110:
2101:
2096:
2066:
2061:
2048:
2007:
1951:
1880:
1753:
1688:
1683:
1653:
1648:
1625:
1572:
1568:Ukrainian metal
1518:Hungarian metal
1460:
1454:
1396:Gallop drumbeat
1357:
1336:Symphonic metal
1098:Christian metal
1037:
1030:
1025:
987:
985:
981:
934:
929:
923:
894:
891:
886:
885:
859:
858:
854:
844:
842:
828:
827:
823:
818:
814:
803:
801:
792:
782:
778:
773:
769:
757:
753:
742:
740:
731:
725:
721:
711:
709:
700:
699:
695:
685:
683:
673:
672:
668:
657:
655:
646:
640:
636:
624:
615:
603:
599:
587:
576:
564:
541:
531:
529:
520:
519:
506:
494:
487:
482:
450:
423:Cormac McCarthy
400:
335:
257:, a group from
247:The Middle East
239:
191:
186:
166:sound sculpture
145:
143:Characteristics
68:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2592:
2590:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2556:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2431:Prepared piano
2428:
2423:
2421:Plunderphonics
2418:
2416:Frippertronics
2413:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2191:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2117:
2115:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2072:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1956:Notable scenes
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1804:
1799:
1797:death 'n' roll
1794:
1793:
1792:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1659:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1528:Japanese metal
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1459:Notable scenes
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1182:Medieval metal
1179:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1132:
1127:
1125:Death 'n' roll
1122:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1042:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1001:
995:
994:
927:
921:
890:
887:
884:
883:
852:
821:
812:
776:
767:
751:
726:James Parker,
719:
693:
666:
634:
627:New York Times
613:
597:
592:, April 2006.
574:
567:New York Times
539:
504:
484:
483:
481:
478:
477:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
449:
446:
411:Banks Violette
399:
396:
334:
331:
329:, from Osaka.
303:audio feedback
283:La Monte Young
238:
235:
190:
187:
185:
182:
144:
141:
119:is a style of
108:
107:
106:
105:
100:
95:
87:
86:
82:
81:
74:
70:
69:
67:
66:
61:
55:
53:
49:
48:
47:
46:
41:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2591:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2574:Extreme metal
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2497:Sound collage
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
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2139:
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2134:
2131:
2127:
2126:indeterminacy
2124:
2123:
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2119:
2118:
2116:
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2104:
2100:
2093:
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2058:
2057:List of bands
2055:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:hardcore punk
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
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1981:
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1902:dungeon synth
1900:
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1834:electronicore
1832:
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1760:
1758:Fusion genres
1756:
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1686:Extreme metal
1680:
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1461:and movements
1457:
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1168:
1167:Extreme metal
1165:
1163:
1162:Electronicore
1160:
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1038:fusion genres
1036:Subgenres and
1033:
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836:
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799:
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786:
783:Joe Panzner,
780:
777:
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764:
760:
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752:
738:
734:
729:
723:
720:
708:
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697:
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681:
677:
670:
667:
658:September 15,
653:
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532:September 26,
528:
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486:
479:
475:
472:
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457:
455:
452:
451:
447:
445:
442:
441:
437:'s 2009 film
436:
432:
428:
427:Richard Serra
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
397:
395:
393:
392:
387:
383:
382:Oren Ambarchi
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
332:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
307:powerviolence
304:
300:
299:Burning Witch
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:Dylan Carlson
260:
256:
248:
245:Sunn O))) at
243:
236:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
206:
202:
201:
197:(for example
196:
188:
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126:
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104:
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96:
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91:
90:
88:
83:
79:
76:Early 1990s,
75:
71:
65:
62:
60:
57:
56:
54:
50:
44:
43:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2343:
2189:music genres
2109:contemporary
2012:Other topics
1917:groove metal
1912:gothic metal
1876:Viking metal
1866:sludge metal
1849:Nintendocore
1801:
1790:funeral doom
1749:thrash metal
1428:Shred guitar
1391:Cymbal choke
1353:Viking metal
1341:Thrash metal
1331:Stoner metal
1321:Sludge metal
1286:Pirate metal
1271:Nintendocore
1229:Kawaii metal
1219:Groove metal
1204:Gothic metal
1177:Celtic metal
1156:
1140:Funeral doom
986:. Retrieved
942:
938:
896:
889:Bibliography
865:
855:
843:. Retrieved
839:the original
834:
824:
815:
802:. Retrieved
798:the original
788:
784:
779:
770:
762:
758:
754:
741:. Retrieved
737:the original
727:
722:
710:. Retrieved
706:
696:
684:. Retrieved
680:the original
669:
656:. Retrieved
652:the original
642:
637:
626:
605:
600:
589:
566:
530:. Retrieved
496:
474:Stoner metal
469:Sludge metal
438:
435:Jim Jarmusch
431:Robert Longo
401:
389:
386:Rhys Chatham
336:
271:sludge metal
252:
226:
216:
198:
192:
153:
146:
116:
112:
111:
85:Other topics
29:
2441:Turntablism
2384:Witch house
2344:Drone metal
2133:Avant-garde
2019:Death growl
1947:power metal
1871:stoner rock
1861:pagan metal
1854:progressive
1802:drone metal
1744:speed metal
1722:death metal
1700:Black metal
1606:Headbanging
1553:Palm Desert
1443:Death growl
1423:Power chord
1418:Palm muting
1413:Guitar solo
1326:Speed metal
1306:Power metal
1281:Pagan metal
1254:Progressive
1234:Latin metal
1157:Drone metal
1108:Death metal
1066:Black metal
1061:Biker metal
1028:Heavy metal
988:February 1,
953:: 209–231.
527:Boiler Room
415:Donald Judd
378:Kevin Drumm
340:(Toronto),
291:Tony Conrad
287:Terry Riley
267:post-grunge
178:brown noise
176:—so-called
170:infra-sound
129:drone music
121:heavy metal
113:Drone metal
64:drone music
40:Other names
35:Drone metal
2564:Doom metal
2558:Categories
2512:Soundscape
2436:Scordatura
2406:3rd bridge
2369:Industrial
2334:Avant-funk
2276:noise rock
2231:Avant-punk
2226:Avant-prog
2214:Post-metal
2153:Tape music
1942:post-metal
1907:funk metal
1817:pornogrind
1785:death-doom
1780:crust punk
1739:doom metal
1408:Distortion
1386:Blast beat
1296:Post-metal
1291:Pornogrind
1194:Glam metal
1189:Funk metal
1172:Folk metal
1152:Doom metal
1135:Death-doom
1103:Crust punk
804:August 23,
743:August 22,
686:August 22,
480:References
464:Noise rock
454:Doom metal
362:Eagle Twin
311:Slap-a-Ham
231:Die Krupps
209:noise rock
200:Cluster II
189:Precursors
172:rumble of
133:post-metal
125:doom metal
117:drone doom
103:post-metal
78:Washington
59:Doom metal
45:Drone doom
18:Drone Doom
2492:Sound art
2379:Punk jazz
2354:Free jazz
2286:post-rock
2281:post-punk
2261:math rock
2256:krautrock
2221:Avant-pop
2121:Aleatoric
2044:screaming
1829:deathcore
1824:metalcore
1812:goregrind
1807:grindcore
1770:blackgaze
1732:technical
1710:symphonic
1634:Hard rock
1601:Festivals
1448:Screaming
1374:Fuzz bass
1316:Rap metal
1301:Pop metal
1244:Metalcore
1209:Grindcore
1199:Goregrind
1130:Deathcore
1118:Technical
1093:Blackgaze
1076:Symphonic
975:146358066
967:1743-1697
874:0952-0686
845:March 21,
835:Pitchfork
707:Pitchfork
459:Japanoise
407:Sunn O)))
327:Corrupted
315:Sunn O)))
297:'s group
233:, 1981).
195:krautrock
162:Sunn O)))
150:John Wray
2457:Cymatics
2364:Hyperpop
2329:Art rock
2324:Art punk
2266:neo-prog
2236:Biomusic
2197:By style
2107:Related
1937:nu metal
1927:hyperpop
1839:mathcore
1644:Category
1381:Drumming
1276:Nu metal
1239:Mathcore
979:Archived
878:Archived
866:The Wire
787:review,
763:The Wire
712:March 8,
643:Splendid
590:Artforum
448:See also
391:a priori
319:Godflesh
277:and the
225:, 1975;
223:Lou Reed
174:sub-bass
2339:Ambient
2319:Art pop
2312:Related
2298:Neofolk
2271:no wave
2160:Minimal
2034:moshing
1844:melodic
1727:melodic
1715:unblack
1596:Fashion
1578:Culture
1439:Vocals
1249:Melodic
1113:Melodic
1081:Unblack
354:Growing
350:Khanate
342:Locrian
275:Melvins
249:in 2006
205:Cluster
184:History
2482:Fluxus
2359:Glitch
2175:Danger
2113:genres
1922:grunge
1693:Genres
1621:Umlaut
1616:Poseur
1435:Lyrics
1403:Guitar
1214:Grunge
973:
965:
947:London
919:
901:London
872:
789:Stylus
364:(US),
344:(US),
309:label
80:, U.S.
2170:Noise
2138:Drone
1586:Bands
1147:Djent
982:(PDF)
971:S2CID
945:(2).
935:(PDF)
497:Slate
405:from
370:Conan
338:Nadja
333:2000s
323:Boris
255:Earth
237:1990s
215:era (
2462:Dada
2303:Wave
1369:Bass
990:2022
963:ISSN
917:ISBN
870:ISSN
847:2009
806:2008
745:2008
714:2017
688:2008
660:2008
534:2023
425:and
380:and
374:Moss
346:Jesu
289:and
158:raga
955:doi
909:doi
358:KTL
281:of
273:of
229:by
221:by
203:by
180:".
152:in
135:or
115:or
2560::
977:.
969:.
961:.
949::
943:18
941:.
937:.
915:.
903::
876:.
864:.
833:.
705:.
616:^
577:^
542:^
525:.
507:^
488:^
433:.
293:.
285:,
211:/
139:.
2091:e
2084:t
2077:v
1678:e
1671:t
1664:v
1020:e
1013:t
1006:v
992:.
957::
925:.
911::
849:.
808:.
747:.
716:.
690:.
662:.
536:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
