Knowledge (XXG)

Agriculture in South Africa

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146: 365: 33: 1509: 291: 154: 41: 396: 1298: 387:, which dates back to the seventeenth-century vineyards introduced by French Huguenot immigrants. More than 100,000 hectares of land were planted in vineyards as of the mid-1990s, centred primarily in the Western Cape. Smaller vineyards are also found in the Northern Cape, Free State, and Northern Province. 375:
As of the mid-1990s, fruits (including grapes for wine) earned as much as 40 percent of agricultural export earnings in some years. (Fresh fruit finds a good market in Europe because it matures during the northern hemisphere's winter.) Deciduous fruits, including apples, pears, and peaches, are grown
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Based on prehistorical archaeological evidence of pastoralism and farming in southern Africa, ancient settlements closest outside the present-day South African border region, related to Bantu language speaking peoples, so far was found in sites located in the southernmost region inside the borders of
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Wheat production, which is concentrated in large, highly mechanised farms, increased after World War II. Wheat cultivation spread from the western Cape where rainfall is fairly reliable, to the Orange Free State and the eastern Transvaal, primarily in response to rising consumer demand. As of 2018,
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The South African government has set a target of transferring 30% of productive farmland to 'previously disadvantaged' black people by 2014. Land reform has been criticised both by farmers' groups and by landless workers, the latter alleging that the pace of change has not been fast enough, and the
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Grains and cereals are South Africa's most important crops, occupying more than 60 percent of hectare under cultivation in the 1990s. Maize, the country's most important crop, is a dietary staple, a source of livestock feed, and an export crop. Government programs, including generous loans and
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as of 2018. Sugarcane was first cultivated in mid-nineteenth-century Natal. Production is still centred there, but sugar is also grown in Mpumalanga, where irrigation is used when rainfall is inadequate. More than 19 million tons of sugarcane were produced in 2018.
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Pineapples are grown, primarily in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal. Tropical fruits—especially bananas, avocados, and mangoes—are also grown, especially in the northeast and some coastal areas. More than half of citrus production is exported in most years.
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primarily in areas of the Western Cape and the Eastern Cape, where cold winters and dry summers provide ideal conditions for these crops. Almost 1 million tons of deciduous fruits were sold fresh locally or were exported each year in the early 1990s.
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provinces. As of the mid-1990s, maize production generated at least 150,000 jobs in years with good rainfall and used almost one-half of the inputs of the modern agricultural sector. As of 2018, South Africa produced 12.5 million tonnes of maize.
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Lander, Faye; Russell, Thembi (2018). "The archaeological evidence for the appearance of pastoralism and farming in southern Africa". PLOS ONE. 13 (6): e0198941. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1398941L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198941
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Some predictions show surface water supply could decrease by 60% by 2070 in parts of the Western Cape. To reverse the damage caused by land mismanagement, the government has supported a scheme which promotes
59:, relatively low compared to other parts of Africa and the number is still decreasing, as well as providing work for casual laborers and contributing around 2.6 percent of GDP for the nation. Due to the 748: 1728: 137:. The estimated value of loss, which takes into consideration scenarios with and without the carbon dioxide fertilization effect, ranges between tens and hundreds of millions of Rands. 1904: 730:
In 2015 South Africa experienced the worst drought in 30 years. Many farmers lost whole crops and much of their livestock. South Africa's dams also showed a decline with the
102:(10th). The dairy industry consists of around 4,300 milk producers providing employment for 60,000 farm workers and contributing to the livelihoods of around 40,000 others. 1165:. Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies Inc. Southern Waters Ecological Research & Consulting & Energy & Development Research Centre. Archived from 165:
what is now Mozambique, and dated 354–68 BCE. Findings similarly based on pastoralism and farming within South Africa thus far – is from sites identified in what was the
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and the use of natural resources. Maize production, which contributes to a 36% majority of the gross value of South Africa's field crops, has also experienced negative
1001: 896: 1889: 763: 1909: 1607: 743: 134: 1776: 1826: 1670: 1612: 1094: 1463: 145: 2233: 2134: 1764: 1723: 1559: 318: 310: 302: 1602: 169:, they were dated 249–370 CE. The earliest written record of farming life in South Africa by Europeans starts slightly after 1500 CE. 1754: 1282: 1042: 826: 805: 1924: 1703: 1642: 1622: 1456: 753: 1781: 1647: 1526: 1159: 114:. On 27 February 2018, the National Assembly voted to set in motion a process to amend the Constitution so as to allow for the 865: 1316: 783: 2049: 1733: 1575: 839: 1964: 1793: 1675: 1595: 309:
extension services, have been crucial to the country's self-sufficiency in this enterprise. Maize is grown primarily in
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The government has been accused of either putting in too much effort, or not enough effort, to tackle the problem of
1369:. South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries Statistics and Economic Publications and Reports 2079: 1969: 1899: 1819: 1786: 1749: 1718: 1687: 1665: 1590: 1310: 758: 722:
A lot of the cooperatives have changed with time in line with the changes in their individual business strategies.
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etc. Some of the produce is being exported to the rest of the world by import/ export companies in South Africa.
364: 2014: 1708: 1580: 677: 2190: 2186: 2177: 2168: 2114: 2089: 1979: 1939: 1934: 1914: 1879: 1864: 1635: 1585: 1543: 1479: 130: 107: 2164: 2099: 2069: 2054: 2039: 2029: 2019: 1984: 1944: 1929: 1874: 1849: 111: 2109: 2104: 2044: 1999: 1959: 1854: 1835: 1812: 1160:"Economic Impacts of Climate Change in South Africa: A Preliminary Analysis of Unmitigated Damage Costs" 1137:"The CO2 fertilization effect: higher carbohydrate production and retention as biomass and seed yield" 1110: 2084: 2034: 1989: 1974: 1954: 1919: 1859: 1531: 1443: 1359: 1090: 1065: 197:(7th largest producer in the world). In addition, in the same year, it produced 2.4 million tons of 32: 2094: 2004: 1894: 1274: 1415: 817:
Mohamed, Najma. 2000. "Greening Land and Agrarian Reform: A Case for Sustainable Agriculture", in
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is also grown, primarily in the Western Cape. In 2018, 421,000 tonnes of barley were produced.
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former alleging racist treatment and expressing concerns that a similar situation to
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As of the mid-1990s, more than 1.5 million tons of grapes were used domestically in
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At the Crossroads: Land and Agrarian Reform in South Africa into the 21st century
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is also an important export crop, and South Africa was the world's 14th largest
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Unequal Protection – The State Response to Violent Crime on South African Farms
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Other small grains are grown in localised areas of South Africa. For example,
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may develop, a fear exacerbated by comments made by former deputy president
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Development of agricultural output of South Africa in 2015 US$ since 1961
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Climate change to create African 'water refugees' – scientists
800:: The State Response to Violent Crime on South African Farms, 684: 206: 193:(11th largest producer in the world) and 397 thousand tons of 716: 181:(14th largest producer in the world), 12.5 million tonnes of 1507: 749:
South African Chamber for Agricultural Development in Africa
1114: 74:, South Africa is one of the world's largest producers of: 189:(11th largest producer in the world), 1.7 million tons of 710: 699: 694: 185:(12th largest producer in the world) 1.9 million tons of 67:, and only 3 percent is considered high potential land. 177:
In 2018, South Africa produced 19.3 million tonnes of
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South Africa Food Producers and Exporters Directory
784:"South Africa - employment by economic sector 2019" 330:South Africa produced 1.8 million tonnes of wheat. 1093:, Reuters Alertnet. Accessed 21 September 2006]. 717:Die Humansdorpse Koöperasie, trading as The Co-op 63:of the land, only 13.5 percent can be used for 1820: 1464: 1416:"Dam levels drop as drought is set to worsen" 8: 125:as opposed to other forms of violent crime. 897:"Congo hands land to South African farmers" 27:Overview of the agriculture in South Africa 1827: 1813: 1805: 1471: 1457: 1449: 734:losing 20% of its water in just one year. 532: 429: 1111:"Department of Agriculture South Africa" 744:Department of Agriculture (South Africa) 31: 1203:South Africa production in 2018, by FAO 775: 1671:Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment 1358:Dredge, Rodney D. (15 December 2015). 1308: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1230: 764:Western Cape 2012 Farm Workers' Strike 704:(VKB group) Vrystaat Kooperasie Beperk 1367:Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries 1228: 1226: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1192: 1190: 1188: 895:Berger, Sebastien (21 October 2009). 530:Production of important field crops: 385:South Africa's renowned wine industry 7: 949:"South Africans' long wait for land" 344:South Africa also produces peanuts, 1269:(3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: 975:"SA 'to learn from' land seizures" 25: 842:. faostat.fao.org. Archived from 2135:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 1905:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1296: 1000:Gerber, Jan (27 February 2018). 754:Animal husbandry in South Africa 707:(NTK) Noord Transvaal Kooperasie 1782:National Budget of South Africa 1158:J. Turpie; et al. (2002). 923:"South Africa's bitter harvest" 1113:. Nda.agric.za. Archived from 118:of land without compensation. 1: 1345:South Africa Yearbook 2010/11 1331:South Africa Yearbook 2010/11 1266:South Africa: a country study 1263:Byrnes, Rita M., ed. (1997). 1027:Bronwen Manby (August 2001). 135:effects due to climate change 108:Zimbabwe's land reform policy 1676:Qualifying Small Enterprises 840:"FAOSTAT 2008 by Production" 711:Karakoel en Lewendehawe Koöp 695:Oos Vrystaat Kaap Kooperasie 680:in South Africa, including: 2234:Agriculture in South Africa 53:Agriculture in South Africa 2250: 1688:Exempted Micro Enterprises 1666:Black Economic Empowerment 1360:"Crop Estimates Committee" 1315:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 796:Human Rights Watch, 2001. 759:South African farm attacks 149:Cleaning and packing maize 48:on a farm in South Africa. 1505: 1271:Federal Research Division 678:Agricultural cooperatives 672:Agricultural cooperatives 635:Deciduous and other fruit 482:Deciduous and other fruit 55:contributes around 5% of 1890:Central African Republic 690:Sentraal-Suid Koöperasie 1777:State-owned enterprises 1636:Witwatersrand Gold Rush 1480:Economy of South Africa 1097:25 October 2010 at the 237:, 421 thousand tons of 233:, 444 thousand tons of 229:, 445 thousand tons of 225:, 474 thousand tons of 221:, 537 thousand tons of 217:, 726 thousand tons of 213:, 829 thousand tons of 209:, 862 thousand tons of 131:sustainable development 18:Drought in South Africa 1836:Agriculture in Africa 1513: 676:There are a number of 545:2015 (fifth forecast) 404: 399:Sugar fields north of 372: 360:Fruit and wine farming 305: 205:, 1.5 million tons of 201:, 1.8 million tons of 161: 150: 112:Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka 49: 37: 2050:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂ­ncipe 1910:Republic of the Congo 1511: 423:Value in millions of 398: 367: 293: 156: 148: 43: 35: 1724:Consumer price index 1512:Flag of South Africa 1277:. pp. 217–218. 876:on 23 September 2006 167:Transvaal (province) 94:(9th); pears (9th); 2125:States with limited 1560:Automotive industry 1275:Library of Congress 1117:on 11 November 2008 901:The Daily Telegraph 870:South Africa Online 1714:South African rand 1658:Affirmative action 1631:Mineral Revolution 1603:Telecommunications 1514: 1395:. 30 November 2015 1072:. UK. 7 April 2011 1035:Human Rights Watch 798:Unequal Protection 425:South African rand 405: 373: 306: 286:Cereals and grains 162: 151: 50: 38: 2221: 2220: 2152:other territories 1925:Equatorial Guinea 1802: 1801: 1704:National Treasury 1520:Natural resources 1414:Fernandes, Luis. 1311:cite encyclopedia 1172:on 25 March 2009. 669: 668: 659:Subtropical Fruit 528: 527: 457:Cattle and calves 157:Sheep farming in 90:and maize (7th); 57:formal employment 16:(Redirected from 2241: 2213: 2212:(United Kingdom) 2208:Tristan da Cunha 2204:Ascension Island 2196: 2183: 2174: 2150:Dependencies and 1843:Sovereign states 1829: 1822: 1815: 1806: 1765:Traded companies 1729:Provinces by HDI 1643:Great Depression 1623:Economic history 1473: 1466: 1459: 1450: 1431: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1411: 1405: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1385: 1379: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1364: 1355: 1349: 1348: 1341: 1335: 1334: 1327: 1321: 1320: 1314: 1306: 1300: 1299: 1260: 1205: 1200: 1183: 1180: 1174: 1173: 1171: 1164: 1155: 1149: 1148: 1146: 1144: 1133: 1127: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1107: 1101: 1088: 1082: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1062: 1056: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1024: 1018: 1017: 1015: 1013: 997: 991: 990: 988: 986: 981:. 11 August 2005 971: 965: 964: 962: 960: 945: 939: 938: 936: 934: 919: 913: 912: 910: 908: 892: 886: 885: 883: 881: 872:. Archived from 862: 856: 855: 853: 851: 836: 830: 815: 809: 794: 788: 787: 780: 732:Pongolapoort dam 533: 430: 403:in KwaZulu-Natal 21: 2249: 2248: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2194: 2181: 2172: 2153: 2151: 2144: 2128: 2126: 2119: 1838: 1833: 1803: 1798: 1738: 1692: 1652: 1617: 1564: 1548: 1527:Mining industry 1515: 1503: 1482: 1477: 1440: 1435: 1434: 1424: 1422: 1413: 1412: 1408: 1398: 1396: 1387: 1386: 1382: 1372: 1370: 1362: 1357: 1356: 1352: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1329: 1328: 1324: 1307: 1297: 1285: 1262: 1261: 1208: 1201: 1186: 1181: 1177: 1169: 1162: 1157: 1156: 1152: 1142: 1140: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1120: 1118: 1109: 1108: 1104: 1099:Wayback Machine 1089: 1085: 1075: 1073: 1066:"Farms of Fear" 1064: 1063: 1059: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1026: 1025: 1021: 1011: 1009: 999: 998: 994: 984: 982: 973: 972: 968: 958: 956: 947: 946: 942: 932: 930: 921: 920: 916: 906: 904: 894: 893: 889: 879: 877: 864: 863: 859: 849: 847: 846:on 13 July 2011 838: 837: 833: 816: 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Fao.org 1070:The Times 927:The Times 685:KAL Group 408:Sugarcane 391:Sugarcane 255:tangerine 247:pineapple 179:sugarcane 2228:Category 2206: / 2202: / 2195:(France) 2189: / 2167: / 2163: / 2115:Zimbabwe 2090:Tanzania 1940:Ethiopia 1935:Eswatini 1915:Djibouti 1880:Cameroon 1865:Botswana 1709:Taxation 1581:Gambling 1569:Services 1553:Industry 1393:BBC News 1293:35887272 1095:Archived 1008:. 24.com 979:BBC News 953:BBC News 738:See also 726:Droughts 663:655 000 651:833 000 586:357 487 583:216 000 561:101 500 354:soybeans 271:rapeseed 98:(10th); 46:windpump 2191:RĂ©union 2187:Mayotte 2178:Madeira 2173:(Spain) 2169:Melilla 2100:Tunisia 2070:Somalia 2055:Senegal 2040:Nigeria 2030:Namibia 2020:Morocco 1985:Liberia 1980:Lesotho 1930:Eritrea 1900:Comoros 1875:Burundi 1850:Algeria 1586:Tourism 1544:Whaling 1499:Gauteng 1012:4 March 880:17 July 558:40 350 547:(tons) 541:(tons) 460:12,808 452:16,346 444:23,165 441:Poultry 335:sorghum 301:in the 275:sorghum 263:cabbage 259:pumpkin 243:avocado 159:Gauteng 141:History 86:(5th); 84:cereals 82:(4th); 78:(4th); 72:FAOSTAT 61:aridity 2210:  2193:  2180:  2110:Zambia 2105:Uganda 2045:Rwanda 2000:Malawi 1960:Guinea 1855:Angola 1291:  1281:  1041:  1006:news24 850:6 June 825:  804:  612:Citrus 554:Canola 524:4,058 520:Potato 514:4,628 510:Citrus 504:4,769 494:7,843 486:8,040 476:9,138 468:6,356 401:Durban 352:, and 339:Barley 321:, and 267:carrot 239:barley 235:banana 223:tomato 199:potato 191:orange 2165:Ceuta 2085:Sudan 2035:Niger 1990:Libya 1975:Kenya 1955:Ghana 1945:Gabon 1920:Egypt 1860:Benin 1743:Misc. 1576:Banks 1363:(PDF) 1170:(PDF) 1163:(PDF) 623:Wheat 591:Maize 539:2009 465:Wheat 449:Maize 436:2009 350:beans 299:silos 281:Crops 251:peach 227:lemon 219:onion 215:apple 203:wheat 187:grape 183:maize 96:sisal 2095:Togo 2005:Mali 1895:Chad 1532:Coal 1427:2016 1401:2016 1375:2016 1317:link 1289:OCLC 1279:ISBN 1145:2011 1123:2011 1078:2011 1052:2006 1039:ISBN 1014:2018 987:2011 961:2011 935:2011 929:. UK 909:2011 903:. UK 882:2006 852:2008 823:ISBN 802:ISBN 473:Milk 297:and 195:pear 207:soy 2230:: 1418:. 1391:. 1365:. 1313:}} 1309:{{ 1295:. 1287:. 1273:, 1209:^ 1187:^ 1068:. 1037:. 1033:. 1004:. 977:. 951:. 925:. 899:. 868:. 427:: 356:. 348:, 317:, 313:, 273:, 269:, 265:, 261:, 257:, 253:, 249:, 245:, 44:A 1828:e 1821:t 1814:v 1472:e 1465:t 1458:v 1429:. 1403:. 1377:. 1319:) 1305:. 1147:. 1125:. 1080:. 1054:. 1016:. 989:. 963:. 937:. 911:. 884:. 854:. 829:. 808:. 786:. 20:)

Index

Drought in South Africa


windpump
formal employment
aridity
crop production
FAOSTAT
chicory roots
grapefruit
cereals
green maize
castor oil seed
sisal
fibre crops
Zimbabwe's land reform policy
Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka
expropriation
farm attacks
sustainable development
effects due to climate change


Gauteng
Transvaal (province)
sugarcane
maize
grape
orange
pear

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