104:
335:. A study on forensic psychiatric patients who had abused flunitrazepam at the time of their crimes found that the patients displayed extreme violence, lacked the ability to think clearly, and experienced a loss of empathy for their victims while under the influence of flunitrazepam, and it was found that the abuse of alcohol or other drugs in combination with flunitrazepam compounded the problem. Their behaviour under the influence of flunitrazepam was in contrast to their normal psychological state.
35:
93:
244:, it is most often benzodiazepines, rather than opiates, that are targeted in part because benzodiazepines are not usually locked in vaults and or do not have as strict laws governing prescription and storage of many benzodiazepines. Temazepam accounts for most benzodiazepine sought by forgery of prescriptions and through pharmacy burglary in Australia.
316:(Rohypnol), which has strong amnesia-producing effects can cause abusers to become ruthless and also cause feelings of being invincible. This has led to some acts of extreme violence to others, often leaving abusers with no recollection of what they have done in their drug-induced state. It has been proposed that criminal and violent acts brought on by
235:
Research carried out by the
Australian government found that benzodiazepine users are more likely to be violent, more likely to have been in contact with the police, and more likely to have been charged with criminal behavior than those using opiates. Illicit benzodiazepines mostly originate from
163:
In 2002, in the U.S. about a quarter of convicted property and drug offenders in local jails had committed their crimes to get money for drugs, compared to 5% of violent and public order offenders. Among State prisoners in 2004 the pattern was similar, with property (30%) and drug offenders (26%)
358:
Drug-related crime may be used as a justification for prohibition, but, in the case of system-related crime, the acts are only crimes because of prohibition. In addition, some consider even user-related and economic-related aspects of crime as symptomatic of a broader problem.
2754:
191:
by criminal detainees has surpassed that of opiates. Patients reporting to two emergency rooms in Canada with violence-related injuries were most often found to be intoxicated with alcohol and were significantly more likely to test positive for benzodiazepines (most commonly
167:
In 2004, 17% of U.S. State prisoners and 18% of
Federal inmates said they committed their current offense to obtain money for drugs. These percentages represent a slight increase for Federal prisoners (16% in 1997) and a slight decrease for State prisoners (19% in 1997).
770:
Valentine JL; Schexnayder S; Jones JG; Sturner WQ (September 1997). "Clinical and toxicological findings in two young siblings and autopsy findings in one sibling with multiple hospital admissions resulting in death. Evidence suggesting
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy".
1171:
DĂĄderman AM; Fredriksson B; Kristiansson M; Nilsson LH; Lidberg L (2002). "Violent behavior, impulsive decision-making, and anterograde amnesia while intoxicated with flunitrazepam and alcohol or other drugs: a case study in forensic psychiatric patients".
164:
more likely to commit their crimes for drug money than violent (10%) and public-order offenders (7%). In
Federal prisons property offenders (11%) were less than half as likely as drug offenders (25%) to report drug money as a motive in their offenses.
199:
Research carried out on drug-related crime found that drug misuse is associated with various crimes that are in part related to the feelings of invincibility, which can become particularly pronounced with abuse. Problematic crimes associated include
353:
System-Related crime: These are crimes that result from the structure of the drug system. They include production, manufacture, transportation, and sale of drugs, as well as violence related to the production or sale of drugs, such as a turf
1135:
DĂĄderman AM; Strindlund H; Wiklund N; Fredriksen SO; Lidberg L (October 14, 2003). "The importance of a urine sample in persons intoxicated with flunitrazepam--legal issues in a forensic psychiatric case study of a serial murderer".
224:. In Scotland among the 71% of suspected criminals testing positive for controlled drugs at the time of their arrest benzodiazepines (over 85% are temazepam cases) are detected more frequently than
347:
Use-Related crime: These are crimes that result from or involve individuals who ingest drugs, and who commit crimes as a result of the effect the drug has on their thought processes and behavior.
459:
2774:
841:
Boussairi A; Dupeyron JP; Hernandez B; Delaitre D; Beugnet L; Espinoza P; Diamant-Berger O (1996). "Urine benzodiazepines screening of involuntarily drugged and robbed or raped patients".
595:
Macdonald S; Wells S; Giesbrecht N; Cherpitel CJ (June 1, 1999). "Demographic and substance use factors related to violent and accidental injuries: results from an emergency room study".
2342:
3732:
454:
3510:
479:
3024:
343:
The concept of drug-related crime has been criticized for being too blunt, especially in its failure to distinguish between three types of crime associated with drugs:
45:
2769:
712:"Benzodiazepine and pharmaceutical opioid misuse and their relationship to crime - An examination of illicit prescription drug markets in Melbourne, Hobart and Darwin"
2764:
3757:
3737:
3515:
2322:
3335:
3295:
1265:
3455:
1206:
1243:
3050:
552:
Yacoubian GS. (January 2003). "Correlates of Drug use among a sample of arrestees surveyed through the
Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program".
312:
Some benzodiazepines are more associated with crime than others especially when abused or taken in combination with alcohol. The potent benzodiazepine
267:
induced by the chronic use of the drug. When benzodiazepines are used for criminal purposes against a victim they are often mixed with food or drink.
3762:
2941:
485:
509:
Marc B, Baudry F, Vaquero P, Zerrouki L, Hassnaoui S, Douceron H (April 2000). "Sexual assault under benzodiazepine submission in a Paris suburb".
3520:
3060:
2739:
685:
3750:
3420:
2951:
3430:
2749:
2292:
997:
Kintz P; Villain M; Chèze M; Pépin G (October 29, 2005). "Identification of alprazolam in hair in two cases of drug-facilitated incidents".
3029:
1944:
350:
Economic-Related crime: These are crimes where an individual commits a crime to fund a drug habit. These include theft and prostitution.
3375:
2744:
1233:
400:
3470:
2844:
2125:
1302:
806:
Saito T; Takeichi S; Nakajima Y; Yukawa N; Osawa M (November–December 1997). "A case of homicidal poisoning involving several drugs".
1238:
3490:
3475:
3445:
3300:
3210:
2896:
2861:
2213:
1964:
1401:
954:
Negrusz A; Gaensslen RE (August 2003). "Analytical developments in toxicological investigation of drug-facilitated sexual assault".
79:
1270:
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2854:
3699:
3623:
3525:
3220:
3184:
3019:
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2287:
469:
96:
331:
Flunitrazepam has been implicated as the cause of one serial killer's violent rampage, triggering off extreme aggression with
3745:
3500:
3485:
3465:
3440:
3425:
3385:
3325:
3275:
2911:
247:
Benzodiazepines have been used as a tool of murder by serial killers, and other murderers, such as those with the condition
711:
3679:
3628:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3245:
2956:
2312:
1801:
665:"Interviewing and Drug Testing of Arrestees in Scotland: A Pilot of the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Methodology (ADAM)"
3505:
3495:
3450:
3435:
3415:
3405:
3380:
3360:
3290:
3250:
3240:
3230:
474:
449:
248:
196:) than other groups of individuals, whereas other drugs were found to be insignificant in relation to violent injuries.
664:
3601:
3537:
3480:
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3350:
3345:
3330:
3320:
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3265:
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61:
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3340:
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221:
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2961:
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464:
302:
260:
1275:
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2332:
289:
and for the corruption of adolescent girls. However, alcohol remains the most common drug involved in cases of
3014:
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2971:
2921:
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2541:
1860:
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368:
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2834:
2807:
2327:
2302:
2272:
2267:
2093:
1894:
689:
490:
317:
240:. Although only a very small number originate from thefts, forged prescriptions, armed robberies, or
180:
919:
Ohshima T. (January 2006). "A case of drug-facilitated sexual assault by the use of flunitrazepam".
3674:
3611:
3179:
3115:
2849:
2551:
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1920:
1904:
1850:
1734:
412:
395:
332:
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2680:
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1560:
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1362:
1073:
Saint-Martin P; Furet Y; O'Byrne P; Bouyssy M; Paintaud G; Autret-Leca E (March–April 2006). "".
979:
901:
577:
534:
427:
140:
155:. Some drug-related crime involves crime against the person such as robbery or sexual assaults.
1266:
Beckley
Foundation Report 2005, Reducing drug-related crime: an overview of the global Evidence
92:
3689:
3669:
3260:
3065:
2797:
2594:
2536:
2048:
1781:
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612:
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526:
3606:
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3105:
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2829:
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2395:
2337:
2297:
2254:
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2058:
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2002:
1940:
1837:
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963:
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780:
604:
561:
518:
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2160:
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383:
298:
237:
229:
148:
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3591:
3557:
3532:
3122:
2839:
2665:
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2569:
2478:
2418:
2362:
2115:
2070:
1970:
1357:
1347:
638:
306:
205:
1149:
876:
Tang CP; Pang AH; Ungvari GS (July 1996). "Shoplifting and robbery in a fugue state".
608:
3785:
3664:
3638:
3633:
3547:
3110:
3070:
2690:
2670:
2579:
2506:
2433:
2428:
2423:
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2209:
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1960:
1739:
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1545:
1477:
1459:
1430:
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1050:
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378:
313:
184:
1010:
983:
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581:
538:
3552:
3100:
2802:
2488:
2370:
2307:
2242:
2187:
2135:
2014:
1980:
1932:
1828:
1646:
1502:
209:
144:
136:
119:
to possess, manufacture, or distribute drugs classified as having a potential for
632:"Benzodiazepine and pharmaceutical opioid misuse and their relationship to crime"
2999:
2946:
2936:
2901:
2886:
2792:
2630:
2498:
2453:
2375:
2352:
2085:
2043:
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1540:
1495:
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1342:
718:
437:
417:
264:
201:
188:
1086:
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2147:
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1724:
1714:
1687:
1658:
1619:
1606:
1584:
1555:
1352:
1260:
710:
National Drug
Strategy; National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund (2007).
422:
321:
290:
278:
274:
270:
241:
193:
1185:
1157:
1121:
1094:
1059:
1018:
975:
940:
819:
630:
Australian
Government; National Drug Law Enforcement Research Fund (2007).
616:
573:
530:
236:
medical practitioners but leak onto the illicit scene due to diversion and
897:
862:
827:
792:
756:
522:
2589:
2483:
2385:
2108:
2039:
1997:
1987:
1955:
1950:
1915:
1729:
1636:
1596:
1572:
1525:
1420:
1415:
1389:
686:"Injecting Temazepam: The facts — Temazepam Injection and Diversion"
565:
213:
132:
1280:
688:. Victorian Government Health Information. 29 March 2007. Archived from
2700:
2561:
2219:
2182:
2130:
2120:
2103:
1975:
1744:
1670:
1490:
1410:
294:
256:
225:
124:
2650:
2584:
2053:
1899:
1879:
1641:
1565:
1530:
1469:
286:
128:
1786:
1624:
1577:
1440:
116:
102:
91:
2675:
2408:
2202:
2197:
2192:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1675:
1663:
1631:
1449:
1372:
1367:
1209:. The National Center for Victims of Crime. 2008. Archived from
325:
252:
152:
3143:
2721:
2240:
1322:
1284:
2458:
1884:
1651:
28:
44:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1249:
PDF version of Drug-related crime U.S. Department of
Justice
460:
Comprehensive Drug Abuse
Prevention and Control Act of 1970
2775:
Council of the European Union decisions on designer drugs
1174:
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
285:
has been abused for the purpose of carrying out acts of
773:
The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
277:
are the most common benzodiazepines used to facilitate
53:
663:
The Scottish Government Publications (25 July 2000).
251:. Benzodiazepines have also been used to facilitate
3723:
3657:
3572:
3198:
3165:
3154:
3043:
2992:
2877:
2785:
2732:
2608:
2560:
2497:
2394:
2361:
2253:
2173:
2146:
2084:
2030:
1931:
1836:
1827:
1772:
1605:
1468:
1333:
455:
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
480:Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
183:is associated with drug-related crimes. In the
107:Typical collateral damage of drug-related theft
2323:Legal history of cannabis in the United States
232:, which is the most frequently detected drug.
1296:
42:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1108:DĂĄderman A; Lidberg L. (March 3, 1999). "".
143:and drug production are often controlled by
3162:
3151:
3140:
3051:Arguments for and against drug prohibition
2729:
2718:
2250:
2237:
1833:
1330:
1319:
1303:
1289:
1281:
843:Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology
263:has been linked to shoplifting due to the
1049:
309:that has received increased media focus.
187:several jurisdictions have reported that
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
3025:Psilocybin decriminalization in the U.S.
1276:The National Center for Victims of Crime
486:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
3061:Capital punishment for drug trafficking
2116:Neocannabinoid / synthetic cannabinoids
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
501:
2952:Office of National Drug Control Policy
2740:International drug control conventions
956:Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
139:). Drugs are also related to crime as
2293:List of cannabis rights organizations
1261:Prevention of drug-related crime - EU
921:Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine
743:Missliwetz J (July–August 1981). "".
511:Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
7:
1271:Driving under the influence of drugs
1038:Canadian Medical Association Journal
297:are the most frequent drugs used in
401:Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
2845:Law Enforcement Action Partnership
25:
2862:Students for Sensible Drug Policy
159:U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics
2867:Transform Drug Policy Foundation
2761:Other treaties addressing drugs
1234:Defining drug-related crime - EU
808:Journal of Analytical Toxicology
785:10.1097/00000433-199709000-00009
33:
3700:Regulation of therapeutic goods
3624:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
3185:Opium production in Afghanistan
1011:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.10.025
470:Drug Enforcement Administration
293:. Although benzodiazepines and
3648:of tobacco or other substances
1138:Forensic Science International
999:Forensic Science International
878:Medicine, Science, and the Law
1:
3680:Needle and syringe programmes
3629:Long-term effects of cannabis
3030:Psilocybin mushrooms legality
2957:School district drug policies
1150:10.1016/S0379-0738(03)00273-1
609:10.1016/S0376-8716(98)00184-7
2750:1971 Psychotropic Substances
1034:"Drug-facilitated date rape"
475:Food and Drug Administration
450:Bureau of Justice Statistics
249:Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy
3538:Pharmaceutical distribution
3175:Coca production in Colombia
2626:Counterculture of the 1960s
597:Drug and Alcohol Dependence
56:, discuss the issue on the
3813:
3710:Substance abuse prevention
3685:Opioid replacement therapy
933:10.1016/j.jcfm.2005.05.006
890:10.1177/002580249603600315
554:Substance Use & Misuse
320:may be related to lowered
222:driving whilst intoxicated
3715:Supervised injection site
3150:
3139:
3005:Anabolic steroid legality
2770:Convention Against Doping
2765:Law of the Sea Convention
2728:
2717:
2696:Urban legends about drugs
2249:
2236:
1329:
1318:
1239:Drug-related crime Canada
1032:Weir E. (July 10, 2001).
968:10.1007/s00216-003-1896-z
855:10.3109/15563659609013835
465:Controlled Substances Act
261:benzodiazepine dependence
3511:Turks and Caicos Islands
3020:Methamphetamine legality
2333:Marijuana Policy Project
1324:Major recreational drugs
1087:10.2515/therapie:2006028
637:. NDLERF. Archived from
99:Operation Mallorca, 2005
2288:Cannabis rights leaders
745:Archiv fĂĽr Kriminologie
228:and are second only to
3096:Politics of drug abuse
2064:Mandragora officinarum
108:
100:
3456:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2755:1988 Drug Trafficking
2348:Cannabis and religion
1312:Recreational drug use
1244:Drug-related crime UK
523:10.1007/s004040050282
369:Alcohol-related crime
305:is another potential
189:benzodiazepine misuse
106:
95:
3705:Responsible drug use
3516:United Arab Emirates
2835:Drug Policy Alliance
2723:Legality of drug use
2328:Legality of cannabis
2303:Cannabis Social Club
2273:Cannabis cultivation
2268:Cannabis consumption
2099:Cannabis (Marijuana)
1921:Psilocybin mushrooms
1207:"Drug-Related Crime"
820:10.1093/jat/21.7.584
566:10.1081/JA-120016569
491:Uniform Crime Report
324:levels via enhanced
318:benzodiazepine abuse
62:create a new article
54:improve this article
3763:Tobacco consumption
3733:Alcohol consumption
3675:Drug rehabilitation
3612:Effects of cannabis
3336:Indian Ocean region
3116:Philippine drug war
2745:1961 Narcotic Drugs
1426:nail polish remover
413:Cigarette smuggling
396:Prohibition (drugs)
333:anterograde amnesia
3619:Drug-related crime
3296:Dominican Republic
3206:Illegal drug trade
2681:Religion and drugs
2636:Drug paraphernalia
2616:Chasing the dragon
2575:Fashion cigarettes
2156:Calea zacatechichi
1851:Psychoactive toads
1561:Mitragyna speciosa
1513:Dextropropoxyphene
1455:Nonbenzodiazepines
1363:Alcoholic beverage
1254:2012-09-16 at the
428:Illegal drug trade
113:drug-related crime
109:
101:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3690:Pharmacovigilance
3670:Drug legalization
3568:
3567:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3066:Cognitive liberty
3010:Cannabis legality
2798:Decriminalization
2713:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2595:Smoking fetishism
2232:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2169:
2168:
2049:Atropa belladonna
1416:contact adhesives
1358:Ethanol (alcohol)
692:on 7 January 2008
90:
89:
82:
64:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
3804:
3792:Drug control law
3607:Drug harmfulness
3602:Driving impaired
3421:Papua New Guinea
3190:Rolling meth lab
3163:
3152:
3141:
3106:Mexican drug war
3015:Cocaine legality
3000:Alcohol legality
2830:Demand reduction
2818:Supply reduction
2730:
2719:
2396:Drinking culture
2338:Medical cannabis
2298:Cannabis smoking
2255:Cannabis culture
2251:
2238:
2214:recreational use
2059:Hyoscyamus niger
2020:Salvia divinorum
2003:Amanita muscaria
1965:recreational use
1945:recreational use
1834:
1402:recreational use
1331:
1320:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1282:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1203:
1190:
1189:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1053:
1029:
1023:
1022:
994:
988:
987:
951:
945:
944:
916:
910:
909:
873:
867:
866:
838:
832:
831:
803:
797:
796:
767:
761:
760:
740:
734:
733:
731:
729:
723:
717:. Archived from
716:
707:
701:
700:
698:
697:
682:
676:
675:
673:
671:
660:
654:
653:
651:
649:
643:
636:
627:
621:
620:
592:
586:
585:
549:
543:
542:
506:
407:Organized crime:
141:drug trafficking
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
37:
36:
29:
21:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3767:
3725:
3719:
3695:Reagent testing
3653:
3644:Passive smoking
3574:
3564:
3194:
3180:Drug precursors
3167:
3158:
3156:
3146:
3127:
3081:Drug possession
3056:Cannabis rights
3039:
3035:Salvia legality
2988:
2879:
2873:
2781:
2724:
2705:
2686:Self-medication
2604:
2600:Tobacco smoking
2562:Smoking culture
2556:
2493:
2390:
2357:
2313:Cannabis vaping
2283:Cannabis rights
2278:Cannabis edible
2245:
2224:
2165:
2161:Silene capensis
2142:
2080:
2076:Diphenhydramine
2026:
1927:
1823:
1768:
1720:Methylphenidate
1710:Methamphetamine
1601:
1464:
1348:Benzodiazepines
1325:
1314:
1309:
1256:Wayback Machine
1230:
1225:
1216:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1193:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1031:
1030:
1026:
996:
995:
991:
953:
952:
948:
918:
917:
913:
875:
874:
870:
840:
839:
835:
805:
804:
800:
769:
768:
764:
742:
741:
737:
727:
725:
724:on 25 June 2012
721:
714:
709:
708:
704:
695:
693:
684:
683:
679:
669:
667:
662:
661:
657:
647:
645:
641:
634:
629:
628:
624:
594:
593:
589:
551:
550:
546:
508:
507:
503:
499:
433:Organized crime
384:Self-medication
365:
341:
299:sexual assaults
238:doctor shopping
174:
172:Drugs and crime
161:
149:organised crime
86:
75:
69:
66:
51:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3810:
3808:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3784:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3661:
3659:
3658:Harm reduction
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3592:Date rape drug
3589:
3584:
3578:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3558:Liquor license
3555:
3550:
3545:
3535:
3533:Darknet market
3530:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3160:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3123:Zero tolerance
3120:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2897:Czech Republic
2894:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2850:Liberalization
2847:
2842:
2840:Harm reduction
2837:
2832:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2736:
2734:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2666:Party and play
2663:
2658:
2656:Needle sharing
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2570:Cigarette card
2566:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2479:Tailgate party
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2429:Drinking games
2426:
2421:
2419:Binge drinking
2416:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2363:Coffee culture
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2190:
2185:
2179:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2090:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2071:Dimenhydrinate
2068:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2036:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1971:alkyl nitrites
1968:
1953:
1948:
1937:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1895:Peruvian torch
1887:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1842:
1840:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1460:Quinazolinones
1457:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1387:
1382:
1380:Gabapentinoids
1377:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1229:
1228:External links
1226:
1224:
1223:
1191:
1163:
1127:
1110:Läkartidningen
1100:
1065:
1024:
1005:(2–3): 222–6.
989:
946:
911:
868:
833:
798:
762:
735:
702:
677:
655:
644:on 21 May 2009
622:
603:(1–2): 53–61.
587:
544:
500:
498:
495:
494:
493:
488:
483:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
441:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
404:
403:
398:
387:
386:
381:
376:
371:
364:
361:
356:
355:
351:
348:
340:
337:
307:date rape drug
206:property crime
173:
170:
160:
157:
88:
87:
48:of the subject
46:worldwide view
41:
39:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3809:
3798:
3797:Crime by type
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3724:Countries by
3722:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3665:Drug checking
3663:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3634:Neurotoxicity
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3571:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:Cannabis shop
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3521:United States
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3376:Latin America
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3153:
3149:
3142:
3138:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3111:Plan Colombia
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3071:Designer drug
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:Drug legality
2991:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2942:United States
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2876:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2855:Latin America
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2825:Policy reform
2823:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:International
2731:
2727:
2720:
2716:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Sex and drugs
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2671:Poly drug use
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2580:Cloud-chasing
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2507:Psychonautics
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:Drinking song
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:Diethyl ether
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2414:Beer festival
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2210:Nitrous oxide
2208:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1961:Nitrous oxide
1959:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1933:Dissociatives
1930:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Hallucinogens
1826:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
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1648:
1647:Energy drinks
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1547:
1546:Hydromorphone
1544:
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1529:
1527:
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1479:
1478:Buprenorphine
1476:
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1471:
1467:
1461:
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1456:
1453:
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1431:Paint thinner
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1427:
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1422:
1419:
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1399:
1398:Nitrous oxide
1396:
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1213:on 2008-11-26
1212:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1180:(2): 238–51.
1179:
1175:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1116:(9): 1005–7.
1115:
1111:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1081:(2): 145–50.
1080:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
993:
990:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
962:(8): 1192–7.
961:
957:
950:
947:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
915:
912:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
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883:
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869:
864:
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848:
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837:
834:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
802:
799:
794:
790:
786:
782:
779:(3): 276–81.
778:
774:
766:
763:
758:
754:
750:
746:
739:
736:
720:
713:
706:
703:
691:
687:
681:
678:
666:
659:
656:
640:
633:
626:
623:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
591:
588:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
560:(1): 127–39.
559:
555:
548:
545:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
505:
502:
496:
492:
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385:
382:
380:
379:Drugwipe test
377:
375:
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367:
366:
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360:
352:
349:
346:
345:
344:
338:
336:
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329:
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314:flunitrazepam
310:
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296:
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146:
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134:
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126:
122:
118:
114:
105:
98:
94:
84:
81:
73:
70:February 2012
63:
59:
55:
49:
47:
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
18:Drug offenses
3751:Lifetime use
3618:
3553:Liquor store
3471:South Africa
3101:War on drugs
2927:Soviet Union
2803:Legalization
2641:Drug tourism
2489:Wine tasting
2409:Beer culture
2371:Coffee break
2308:Cannabis tea
2243:Drug culture
2086:Cannabinoids
2015:Salvinorin A
1981:amyl nitrite
1838:Psychedelics
1590:/paracetamol
1503:Desomorphine
1343:Barbiturates
1215:. Retrieved
1211:the original
1177:
1173:
1166:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1002:
998:
992:
959:
955:
949:
924:
920:
914:
884:(3): 265–8.
881:
877:
871:
849:(6): 721–4.
846:
842:
836:
814:(7): 584–6.
811:
807:
801:
776:
772:
765:
751:(1–2): 1–7.
748:
744:
738:
726:. Retrieved
719:the original
705:
694:. Retrieved
690:the original
680:
668:. Retrieved
658:
646:. Retrieved
639:the original
625:
600:
596:
590:
557:
553:
547:
517:(4): 193–7.
514:
510:
504:
444:US specific:
443:
442:
406:
405:
389:
388:
357:
342:
330:
311:
269:
259:crimes, and
246:
234:
210:drug dealing
198:
175:
166:
162:
145:drug cartels
137:amphetamines
112:
110:
76:
67:
43:
26:
3758:Opiates use
3738:Cocaine use
3573:Issues with
3491:Switzerland
3476:South Korea
3446:Puerto Rico
3431:Philippines
3301:El Salvador
3211:Afghanistan
2947:Just Say No
2937:Switzerland
2912:Netherlands
2878:Drug policy
2808:Prohibition
2793:Drug policy
2786:State level
2631:Dance party
2542:Microdosing
2499:Psychedelia
2454:Oktoberfest
2376:Coffeehouse
2353:Stoner film
2044:Scopolamine
1774:Entactogens
1752:Theobromine
1615:Amphetamine
1541:Hydrocodone
1531:Diamorphine
1335:Depressants
1144:(1): 21–7.
927:(1): 44–5.
728:27 December
670:27 December
648:27 December
438:Rum-running
418:Drug Cartel
265:fugue state
202:shoplifting
3786:Categories
3746:Annual use
3597:Dependence
3461:Seychelles
3366:Kyrgyzstan
3281:Costa Rica
3226:Bangladesh
3199:Drug trade
3168:production
3157:production
3076:Drug court
2962:California
2880:by country
2813:Regulation
2547:Smart shop
2532:Literature
2527:Experience
2474:Sports bar
2439:Happy hour
2404:Bartending
2175:Club drugs
2148:Oneirogens
2032:Deliriants
1912:Psilocybin
1735:Polacrilex
1705:Mephedrone
1607:Stimulants
1409:Hazardous
1353:Carbamates
1217:2023-06-24
696:2007-11-25
497:References
374:Drug abuse
339:Criticisms
283:Alprazolam
218:aggression
177:Drug abuse
3742:Cannabis
3587:Addiction
3543:Beer shop
3526:Venezuela
3391:Mauritius
3221:Australia
3159:and trade
3086:Drug test
2887:Australia
2661:Nootropic
2646:Entheogen
2621:Club drug
2469:Sommelier
2464:Pub crawl
2449:Nightclub
2444:Hip flask
2381:Latte art
2318:Head shop
2188:Quaaludes
1956:Inhalants
1905:San Pedro
1890:Mescaline
1873:Ayahuasca
1846:Bufotenin
1791:Benzofury
1782:2C series
1762:Chocolate
1725:Modafinil
1715:Methylone
1688:Ephedrine
1659:Cathinone
1620:Arecoline
1585:Oxycodone
1556:Methadone
1390:Inhalants
1044:(1): 80.
423:Drug Lord
328:effects.
326:GABAergic
322:serotonin
291:drug rape
279:date rape
275:midazolam
271:Temazepam
242:ram raids
194:temazepam
181:addiction
123:(such as
58:talk page
3726:drug use
3639:Overdose
3575:drug use
3501:Thailand
3486:Suriname
3466:Slovakia
3441:Portugal
3426:Paraguay
3386:Malaysia
3326:Honduras
3276:Colombia
3261:Cambodia
2982:Virginia
2972:Maryland
2967:Colorado
2922:Slovakia
2917:Portugal
2590:Smokeasy
2484:Wine bar
2386:Teahouse
2109:Hash oil
2040:Atropine
1998:Muscimol
1988:Ketamine
1951:Glaucine
1916:Psilocin
1730:Nicotine
1637:Caffeine
1597:Tramadol
1573:Morphine
1550:Dilaudid
1526:Fentanyl
1517:Darvocet
1507:Krokodil
1482:Suboxone
1421:Gasoline
1411:solvents
1394:Medical
1252:Archived
1186:12108561
1158:14550609
1122:10093441
1095:16886708
1075:Thérapie
1060:11468961
1019:16139113
984:34401047
976:12682705
941:16087387
906:77259419
617:10402149
582:25817581
574:12602810
539:11093298
531:10834331
390:General:
363:See also
230:cannabis
214:violence
133:morphine
52:You may
3401:Nigeria
3396:Moldova
3316:Germany
3311:Finland
3306:Estonia
3246:Bolivia
2902:Germany
2701:Whoonga
2552:Therapy
2220:Poppers
2198:Ecstasy
2183:Cocaine
2131:APINACA
2121:JWH-018
2104:Hashish
1976:poppers
1812:Ecstasy
1745:Tobacco
1693:Ephedra
1671:Cocaine
1491:Codeine
1485:Subutex
1470:Opioids
898:8918097
863:8941203
828:9399131
793:9290875
757:7979864
295:ethanol
257:robbery
226:opiates
125:cocaine
3506:Turkey
3496:Taiwan
3451:Russia
3436:Poland
3416:Panama
3406:Norway
3381:Latvia
3361:Kosovo
3291:Cyprus
3251:Brazil
3241:Bhutan
3231:Belize
2977:Oregon
2932:Sweden
2892:Canada
2651:Hippie
2585:Loosie
2054:Datura
1900:Peyote
1885:LSD-25
1642:Coffee
1566:Kratom
1535:Heroin
1520:Darvon
1437:Other
1184:
1156:
1120:
1093:
1058:
1048:
1017:
982:
974:
939:
904:
896:
861:
826:
791:
755:
615:
580:
572:
537:
529:
482:(RICO)
287:incest
129:heroin
3582:Abuse
3481:Spain
3356:Kenya
3351:Japan
3346:Italy
3331:India
3321:Haiti
3271:China
3266:Chile
3256:Burma
3236:Benin
3216:Aruba
3145:Other
3044:Other
2907:India
2609:Other
2537:Music
2343:NORML
2203:Molly
2136:Spice
2126:APICA
1856:Vilca
1817:Molly
1787:6-APB
1757:Cocoa
1681:Crack
1632:Betel
1625:Areca
1578:Opium
1441:Freon
1051:81265
980:S2CID
902:S2CID
722:(PDF)
715:(PDF)
642:(PDF)
635:(PDF)
578:S2CID
535:S2CID
153:gangs
121:abuse
117:crime
115:is a
60:, or
3411:Oman
3371:Laos
3341:Iran
3286:Cuba
3166:Drug
3155:Drug
3091:Narc
2676:Rave
2517:Drug
2193:MDMA
2042:and
1861:Yopo
1807:MDMA
1740:Salt
1700:MDPV
1676:Coca
1664:Khat
1496:Lean
1450:Kava
1373:Wine
1368:Beer
1182:PMID
1154:PMID
1118:PMID
1091:PMID
1056:PMID
1015:PMID
972:PMID
937:PMID
894:PMID
859:PMID
824:PMID
789:PMID
753:PMID
730:2008
672:2008
650:2008
613:PMID
570:PMID
527:PMID
354:war.
273:and
253:rape
220:and
216:and
185:U.S.
179:and
151:and
135:and
2522:Era
2512:Art
2459:Pub
2263:420
2094:THC
2010:PCP
1993:MXE
1941:DXM
1880:LSA
1868:DMT
1802:MDA
1797:AMT
1652:Tea
1385:GHB
1146:doi
1142:137
1083:doi
1046:PMC
1042:165
1007:doi
1003:153
964:doi
960:376
929:doi
886:doi
851:doi
816:doi
781:doi
749:194
605:doi
562:doi
519:doi
515:263
303:GHB
255:or
97:DEA
3788::
1914:/
1194:^
1178:30
1176:.
1152:.
1140:.
1114:96
1112:.
1089:.
1079:61
1077:.
1054:.
1040:.
1036:.
1013:.
1001:.
978:.
970:.
958:.
935:.
925:13
923:.
900:.
892:.
882:36
880:.
857:.
847:34
845:.
822:.
812:21
810:.
787:.
777:18
775:.
747:.
611:.
601:55
599:.
576:.
568:.
558:38
556:.
533:.
525:.
513:.
301:,
281:.
212:,
208:,
204:,
147:,
131:,
127:,
111:A
2216:)
2212:(
1967:)
1963:(
1947:)
1943:(
1404:)
1400:(
1304:e
1297:t
1290:v
1220:.
1188:.
1160:.
1148::
1124:.
1097:.
1085::
1062:.
1021:.
1009::
986:.
966::
943:.
931::
908:.
888::
865:.
853::
830:.
818::
795:.
783::
759:.
732:.
699:.
674:.
652:.
619:.
607::
584:.
564::
541:.
521::
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
