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imperial tours of inspection. After many years, their hulls decayed and needed repairs, but the work was impossible as long as they were afloat. So in the Hsi-Ning reign period (+1068 to +1077) a palace official Huang Huai-Hsin suggested a plan. A large basin was excavated at the north end of the Chin-ming Lake capable of containing the dragon ships, and in it heavy crosswise beams were laid down upon a foundation of pillars. Then (a breach was made) so that the basin quickly filled with water, after which the ships were towed in above the beams. Then (breach now being closed) the water was pumped out by wheels so that the ships rested quite in the air. When the repairs were complete, the water was let in again, so that the ships were afloat once more (and could leave the dock). Finally the beams and pillars were taken away, and the whole basin covered over with a great roof so as to form a
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153:), having dug a trench under it, equal to the ship itself in length, which he dug close to the harbour. And in the trench he built props of solid stone five cubits deep, and across them he laid beams crosswise, running the laces whole width of the trench, at four cubits' distance from one another; and then making a channel from the sea he filled all the space which he had excavated with water, out of which he easily brought the ship by the aid of whatever men happened to be at hand; then closing the entrance which had been originally made, he drained the water off again by means of engines (organois); and when this had been done the vessel rested securely on the before-mentioned cross-beams.
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219:. In the booklet, an unknown author asks for the privilege of using a new method for the salvaging of a grounded ship and then proceeds to describe and illustrate his approach. The included woodcut shows a ship flanked by two large floating trestles, forming a roof above the vessel. The ship is pulled in an upright position by a number of ropes attached to the superstructure.
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bank of rock and clay that had to be dug away by hand (an operation taking typically 29 days, working night and day to accord with the tides) to allow the passage of a ship. Emptying was by a pump, possibly in the form of a bucket-chain powered by horses. This dry dock currently holds First World War
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are opened, the chambers fill with water, causing the dry dock to float lower in the water. The deck becomes submerged and this allows a ship to be moved into position inside. When the water is pumped out of the chambers, the dry dock rises and the ship is lifted out of the water on the rising deck,
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Modern graving docks are box-shaped, to accommodate newer, boxier ships, whereas old dry docks are often shaped like the ships expected to dock there. This shaping was advantageous because such a dock was easier to build, it was easier to side-support the ships, and less water had to be pumped away.
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At the beginning of the dynasty (c. +965) the two Che provinces (now
Chekiang and southern Chiangsu) presented (to the throne) two dragon ships each more than 200 ft. in length. The upper works included several decks with palatial cabins and saloons, containing thrones and couches all ready for
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at 662 by 76 metres (2,172 ft × 249 ft) is the largest dry dock in the United States. The largest floating-dock in North
America is named The Vigorous. It is operated by Vigor Industries in Portland, OR, in the Swan Island industrial area along the Willamette River.
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The keel blocks as well as the bilge block are placed on the floor of the dock in accordance with the "docking plan" of the ship. Routine use of dry docks is for the "graving" i.e. the cleaning, removal of barnacles and rust, and re-painting of ships' hulls.
73:) is a narrow basin or vessel that can be flooded to allow a load to be floated in, then drained to allow that load to come to rest on a dry platform. Dry docks are used for the construction, maintenance, and repair of ships, boats, and other watercraft.
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A large floating dry dock involves multiple rectangular sections. These sections can be combined to handle ships of various lengths, and the sections themselves can come in different dimensions. Each section contains its own equipment for emptying the
195:, so that the hull would bed itself in and remain upright at low tide. A timber, brushwood and clay wall was then built up around the hull. The first early modern purpose-built European and oldest surviving dry dock still in use was commissioned by
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section can facilitate the towing of the dry dock once assembled. For smaller boats, one-piece floating dry docks can be constructed or converted out of an existing obsolete barge, potentially coming with their own bow and steering mechanism.
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An advantage of covered dry docks is that work can take place in any weather; this is frequently used by modern shipyards for construction especially of complex, high-value vessels like cruise ships, where delays would incur a high cost.
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while there is still some water left to manoeuvre the vessel. It is extremely important that supporting blocks conform to the structural members so that the ship is not damaged when its weight is supported by the blocks. Some
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Shipyards operate floating dry docks as one method for hauling or docking vessels. Floating drydocks are important in locations where porous ground prevents the use of conventional drydocks, such as at the
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Once the remainder of the water is pumped out, the ship can be freely inspected or serviced. When work on the ship is finished, the gates are opened to allow water in, and the ship is carefully refloated.
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domes protruding beneath the hull, requiring the hull to be supported several metres above the bottom of the dry dock, or depressions built into the floor of the dock, to accommodate the protrusions.
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in 1854, was the largest floating drydock in the world when it was launched. It was 325 feet (99 m) long and could lift 8,000 tons, accommodating the largest ships of its day.
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was practised: at high tide the vessel was floated over a beach of hard sand and allowed to rest on one side when the tide receded. An account of 1434 described how a site near
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that consists of 65 concrete pillars weighing 18,000 tonnes each. The pillars were constructed in a drydock and towed to their final place on the seabed.
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chambers and a U-shaped cross-section. The walls are used to give the dry dock stability when the floor or deck is below the surface of the water. When
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533:", or HMB-1, is a covered, floating drydock that is also submersible to support the secret transfer of a mechanical lifting device underneath the
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Some dry docks are used during the construction of bridges, dams, and other large objects. For example, the dry dock on the artificial island of
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329:. A vessel is floated in with the gates open, then the gates are closed and the water is pumped out, leaving the craft supported on blocks.
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469:. Another advantage of floating dry docks is that they can be moved to wherever they are needed and can also be sold second-hand. During
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owns one of the biggest in the world: 1,200 by 60 metres (3,940 ft × 200 ft). The
Alfredo da Silva Dry Dock in
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is the traditional form of dry dock. It is a narrow basin, usually made of earthen berms and concrete, closed by gates or a
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A downside of floating dry docks is that unscheduled sinkings and off-design dives may take place, as with the
Russian dock
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Possibly the earliest description of a floating dock comes from a small
Italian book printed in Venice in 1560, called
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Due to interruptions in the supply of electric power to the PD-50, the floating dock dived out in an off-design mode.
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1170:"North America's largest drydock floats first ship at Swan Island's Vigor Industrial (infographic and time lapse)"
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Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and
Civilization in China: Volume 4 Part 3. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. Page 660
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Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and
Civilization in China: Volume 4 Part 3. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. Page 660
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Ship in the floating dry dock of Bremer Vulkan shipyard during an inspection of its propeller and rudder
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rowing ship. However a more recent survey by
Goodchild and Forbes does not substantiate its existence.
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A boat lift is a light duty form of dry dock which keeps small boats out of the water while not in use
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in which the ships could be protected from the elements and avoid the damage caused by undue exposure.
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extensively to provide maintenance in remote locations. Two examples of these were the 1,000-foot
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It has been calculated that a dock for a vessel of such a size might have had a volume of 750,000
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Apart from graving docks and floating dry docks, ships can also be dry docked and launched by:
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in 1495. This was a timber-lined excavation, with the seaward end closed off by a temporary
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Dry docks used for building naval vessels may occasionally be built with a roof, to prevent
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870: – British amphibious attack of 28 March 1942 — 1942 attack on a dry dock during
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1010:(1998). "The development of harbour and dock engineering". In Jarvis, Adrian (ed.).
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1195:"The Ultimate Guide to Dry Docks: Types, Functions, and Essential Requirements"
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from taking pictures of the dry dock and any vessels that may be in it. During
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All about floating docks of shipbuilding firm "Almaz". St.-Petersburg. Russia.
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Greek and Roman
Mechanical Water-Lifting Devices: The History of a Technology
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Before the 15th century, when the hull below the waterline needed attention,
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590:— For repair of smaller boats and the new-building launch of larger vessels
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1224:. Alexandria, VA: US Navy Facilities Engineering Command. p. 29.1-9.
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tunnel, before they are floated into position, as was done with Boston's
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A dry dock may also be used for the prefabrication of the elements of an
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1295:"Russia's only aircraft carrier damaged as its floating dry dock sinks"
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But after that a
Phoenician devised a new method of launching it (the
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Carnival Liberty Cruise Ship in Dry Dock in Freeport, Grand Bahamas
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Sarton, George (1946), "Floating Docks in the Sixteenth Century",
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574:— For repair of larger ships up to about 3000 tons ship weight
305:"Tre Kronor" in one of the historical dry docks on the island
131:(V 204c-d) reports something that may have been a dry dock in
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and to provide the required services, and the addition of a
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goes at least as far back as the 10th century A.D. In 1088,
139:(221-204 BC) on the occasion of the launch of the enormous
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The deipnosophists, or, Banquet of the learned of Athenæus
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Dry Dock, Toledo Ship Building Company, Toledo, Ohio, 1912
1279:"Sea Going Navy Yard Follows The Fleet", November 1945,
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Great Harry's navy: how Henry VIII gave England seapower
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Some fine-tuning of the ship's position can be done by
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with a bottom of soft mud was selected for the warship
1111:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 11–12.
808:, being worked on in the cradle, in Valparaiso, Chile
255:, it is 504 m long, 125 m wide and stands 75 m tall.
1351:(Revised ed.), University of California Press,
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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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China's Management Revolution: Spirit, Land, Energy
855: – type of vessel which can partially submerge
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1056:A history of the administration of the Royal Navy
984:, volume I, London: Henry G. Bohn, p.325 (5.204c)
1325:Monthly Nautical Magazine, and Quarterly Review
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980:Athenaeus of Naucratis (Yonge, C.D., Editor)
440:allowing work to proceed on the ship's hull.
8:
1145:"Meyer Werft baut größte Dockhalle der Welt"
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864: – Orbital spacecraft assembly station
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820:The Great Balance Dock with the steamer
539:ship, as well as the development of the
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389:used fortified dry docks to protect its
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27:Basin drained to allow work on a vessel
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360:U.S. Navy ballistic missile submarine
1492:Shipbuilding in the American colonies
1054:(1896). "Henry VII Portsmouth Dock".
603:was used for the construction of the
273:are named after the Biblical figures
217:Descrittione dell'artifitiosa machina
7:
1487:Shipbuilding in the early modern era
900:. Oxford University Press. p.
836:USS Oregon (BB-3) in dry dock, 1898
1293:SEAN GALLAGHER (20 October 2018).
938:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 84.
744:shipyard, Saint Petersburg, Russia
428:for dry docking ships, possessing
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1421:Encyclopædia Britannica, dry-dock
1322:Webb, William H. (January 1855).
424:A floating dry dock is a type of
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1482:Ancient shipbuilding techniques
1372:, University of Toronto Press,
934:Bouée, Charles-Edouard (2010).
1222:Graving Drydocks Design Manual
505:, and was eventually towed to
1:
1651:Seamanship (seafaring) topics
1079:The English Historical Review
725:Floating dry dock located in
641:Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda
1012:Port and harbour engineering
563:Alternative dry dock systems
173:Floating Dock. Woodcut from
1716:Ship-to-ship cargo transfer
1564:Water tunnel (hydrodynamic)
1268:on blocks in AFDB-3 in 1988
683:floating Drydock #2 on the
491:Advance Base Sectional Dock
479:auxiliary floating drydocks
393:from Allied air raids (see
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1237:Knight's Modern Seamanship
1075:"The Navy under Henry VII"
1073:Goldingham, C. S. (1918).
800:SOCIBER floating drydock,
1751:Man overboard rescue turn
1610:Archaeology of shipwrecks
896:When China Ruled the Seas
892:Levathes, Louise (1994).
367:inside a flooded dry dock
286:Newport News Shipbuilding
233:Chantiers de l'Atlantique
98:(1031–1095) wrote in his
740:Alekseevsky dry dock at
94:scientist and statesman
86:The use of dry docks in
1343:Landels, J. G. (2000),
1058:. Vol. 1. London:
1235:Noel, John V. (1988).
1014:. Aldershot, England:
497:, was mothballed near
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343:anti-submarine warfare
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129:Athenaeus of Naucratis
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1220:Tobel, W. M. (1982).
607:, a large dam in the
517:' repair facilities.
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137:Ptolemy IV Philopator
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1797:Coastal construction
689:Algiers, New Orleans
513:, to become part of
493:which saw action in
459:Royal Naval Dockyard
261:Heavy Industries in
197:Henry VII of England
51:littoral combat ship
34:U.S. Navy submarine
1328:. Griffiths, Bates.
1241:John Wiley and Sons
1193:Kantharia, Raunek.
1105:Moorhouse, Geoffrey
681:Bollinger Shipyards
605:Oosterscheldekering
531:Hughes Mining Barge
1701:Naval architecture
1600:Naval architecture
1590:Marine engineering
1366:Oleson, John Peter
1243:. pp. 81–82.
1201:. Bangalore, India
1052:Oppenheim, Michael
1016:Ashgate Publishing
1008:Kirkpatrick, Cyril
780:Floating dry dock
647:in 1883, with its
553:Great Balance Dock
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165:Renaissance Europe
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1595:Marine propulsion
1528:Mortise and tenon
1266:Samuel B. Roberts
911:978-0-19-511207-8
848:List of dry docks
786:Kaohsiung Harbour
685:Mississippi River
651:in the background
489:. The latter, an
485:and the 850-foot
471:World War II
259:Harland and Wolff
127:The Greek author
123:Greco-Roman world
101:Dream Pool Essays
41:in a graving dock
16:(Redirected from
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1726:Passage planning
1686:Maritime studies
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1559:Ship model basin
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83:
80:
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75:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1809:
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1724:
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1714:
1712:
1711:Hydrodynamics
1709:
1707:
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1580:Boat building
1578:
1577:
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1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
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1381:
1379:90-277-1693-5
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1358:0-520-22782-4
1354:
1349:
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1341:
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1336:
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1286:
1283:
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1252:
1250:0-471-28948-5
1246:
1242:
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1196:
1189:
1186:
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1128:
1125:
1120:
1118:0-297-64544-7
1114:
1110:
1106:
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1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1062:. p. 39.
1061:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1041:, p. 153
1040:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1025:0-86078-755-9
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
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1000:
997:, p. 163
996:
991:
988:
985:
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964:
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927:
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873:
869:
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863:
860:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
841:
832:
827:
823:
816:
811:
807:
804:with tugboat
803:
796:
791:
787:
783:
776:
771:
764:
759:
752:
747:
743:
736:
731:
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721:
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697:
694:
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686:
682:
678:
671:
666:
659:
654:
650:
646:
642:
635:
630:
625:
623:
621:
617:
616:immersed tube
612:
610:
606:
602:
594:
589:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
569:
568:
562:
560:
558:
557:New York City
554:
549:
547:
544:
543:
538:
537:
532:
527:
525:
524:
518:
516:
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508:
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451:
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441:
438:
434:
431:
427:
420:
416:
411:
404:
402:
398:
396:
395:submarine pen
392:
387:
383:, the German
382:
378:
373:
366:
365:
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316:
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246:
242:
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230:
229:Saint-Nazaire
222:
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206:
202:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
176:
171:
164:
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138:
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105:
103:
102:
97:
93:
89:
81:
76:
74:
72:
68:
64:
56:
52:
47:
40:
39:
32:
19:
1735:
1731:Maritime law
1671:Watchkeeping
1548:
1468:Shipbuilding
1391:
1387:
1369:
1346:
1324:
1317:
1309:
1302:. Retrieved
1299:Ars Technica
1298:
1288:
1280:
1274:
1265:
1259:
1236:
1230:
1221:
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1198:
1188:
1177:. Retrieved
1173:
1164:
1153:. Retrieved
1151:. 2008-01-18
1139:
1127:
1108:
1099:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1055:
1046:
1034:
1011:
1002:
995:Landels 2000
990:
981:
975:
966:
961:, p. 33
954:
935:
929:
920:
895:
887:
872:World War II
821:
805:
801:
707:Blohm + Voss
676:
645:Anna Brassey
613:
601:Neeltje-Jans
598:
566:
550:
546:stealth ship
540:
534:
528:
521:
519:
455:
442:
423:
399:
386:Kriegsmarine
381:World War II
374:
370:
363:
351:
335:
331:
323:graving dock
320:
283:
257:
247:Shipyard in
226:
216:
214:
190:
180:
156:
150:
148:
140:
126:
107:
99:
92:Song dynasty
85:
70:
66:
62:
60:
53:in drydock,
37:
1736:Dry-docking
1523:Strip-built
1132:Sarton 1946
1060:Bodley Head
1039:Sarton 1946
959:Oleson 1984
643:as seen by
620:Silver Line
609:Netherlands
588:patent slip
555:, built in
309:in central
245:Meyer Werft
187:Southampton
65:(sometimes
38:Greeneville
1786:Categories
1771:Sea anchor
1666:Navigation
1658:Seamanship
1554:Mould Loft
1537:Facilities
1304:5 November
1179:2016-11-03
1155:2009-06-25
879:References
862:Space dock
727:Sevastopol
595:Other uses
542:Sea Shadow
477:used such
391:submarines
307:Beckholmen
223:Modern era
192:Grace Dieu
161:of water.
49:A US Navy
1766:Anchoring
1585:Sail plan
1408:144849113
1091:0013-8266
784:No. 8 in
782:Jong Shyn
742:Kronstadt
693:Louisiana
677:Dolphin I
526:in 2018.
463:limestone
430:floodable
362:USS
311:Stockholm
249:Papenburg
183:careening
36:USS
1792:Drydocks
1741:Ropework
1681:Pilotage
1549:Dry dock
1544:Shipyard
1368:(1984),
1205:6 August
1107:(2005).
842:See also
822:Adriatic
788:, Taiwan
675:Towboat
578:Shiplift
507:Portland
503:Virginia
433:buoyancy
405:Floating
364:Michigan
241:Portugal
208:monitor
205:revetted
96:Shen Kuo
71:dry-dock
63:dry dock
18:Dry Dock
1761:Mooring
1756:Buoyage
1691:Sailing
1518:Clinker
1501:Methods
1475:Periods
1337:Sources
713:Germany
626:Gallery
584:Slipway
499:Norfolk
467:Bermuda
461:on the
446:ballast
426:pontoon
327:caisson
317:Graving
279:Goliath
263:Belfast
253:Germany
210:HMS M33
159:gallons
77:History
67:drydock
1513:Carvel
1508:Dugout
1406:
1376:
1355:
1247:
1115:
1089:
1022:
942:
908:
806:Pequen
487:AFDB-3
483:AFDB-1
473:, the
437:valves
419:Poland
415:Gdynia
338:divers
275:Samson
237:Almada
177:(1560)
175:Venice
118:Europe
111:hangar
55:NASSCO
1746:Knots
1404:S2CID
529:The "
523:PD-50
511:Maine
347:sonar
293:Types
88:China
82:China
1388:Isis
1374:ISBN
1353:ISBN
1306:2018
1245:ISBN
1207:2024
1113:ISBN
1087:ISSN
1020:ISBN
940:ISBN
906:ISBN
639:The
551:The
495:Guam
303:brig
277:and
227:The
57:2012
1396:doi
687:in
679:in
450:bow
397:).
231:'s
199:at
69:or
1788::
1402:,
1392:36
1390:,
1308:.
1297:.
1197:.
1172:.
1147:.
1083:33
1081:.
1077:.
904:.
902:77
691:,
622:.
586:,
548:.
509:,
501:,
417:,
321:A
281:.
265:,
251:,
239:,
212:.
104::
61:A
1644:e
1637:t
1630:v
1460:e
1453:t
1446:v
1398::
1253:.
1209:.
1182:.
1158:.
1121:.
1093:.
1028:.
948:.
914:.
874:.
20:)
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