265:
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should also include conditions of aridity and semi-aridity. Furthermore, they consider that a huge part of the Sub-Saharan area covering around 40 countries on the continent is land having arid conditions. Arid and semi-arid lands have much higher evapotranspiration rates as compared to the precipitation along with high air temperature mainly during dry seasons, high and almost continuous isolation throughout the year, and the presence of dry gale-force winds.
329:
27:
494:
441:
454:
367:
Based on the consequences caused by variability and climate change, it appears that
African populations are more vulnerable than others. To illustrate, the trend of reduced rainfall in the Sahel area has been marked by climatic extremes with devastating consequences on natural resources, agricultural
324:
According to literature, arid and semi-arid lands are defined based on the characteristics of the climate. For instance, Mongi et al. (2010) consider semi-arid lands as places where the annual rainfall ranges between 500 and 800mm. Fabricius et al. on the other hand insist that the concept of aridity
371:
The characterization and impact of the variability trend of rainfall depend on several random factors. Among the random factors, we can mention, the nature and the critical thresholds of extreme events, the frequency of these extremes according to regions, the precision of data used, and the results
250:
and climate change. The greatest issue in drylands, is land degradation which poses a huge danger to the world's capacity to end hunger. Drylands occupy around 2 million km² or respectively 90%, 75%, and 67% of Kenya, Tanzania, and
Ethiopia respectively. More than 60 million people, or 40% of these
193:
to ensure their food security and their well-being. Drylands, unlike more humid biomes, rely mostly on above ground water runoff for redistribution of water, and almost all their water redistribution occurs on the surface. Dryland inhabitants' lifestyle provides global environmental benefits which
1048:
DIOP, Waoundé; Beye, Assane; Dia, Néné (2017). "Essai d'évaluation des stratégies d'adaptation face aux risques climatiques sur la chaine de valeur bovine : cas du Ferlo". communication au colloque le pastoralisme dans le courant des changements globaux: defis, enjeux et
372:
of mathematical simulations, and propagation. The state of scientific knowledge has allowed for the identification of the principal manifestations of climate change on the development of socio-economic activities in semi-arid lands. These manifestations are:
245:
in the drylands. Pastoralists use strategic movement to gain access to pasture during the dry season, using the available resources effectively. However, due to a variety of factors, this method has changed and been constrained. Challenges connected to
486:
These lands cover 4.2% of the world and consist of areas without vegetation. They receive irregular rainfall that barely surpasses 100 millimeters, and in some cases, they may not receive rainfall for several years.
376:
Increased variability of precipitations and their characteristics (number of rainfall days, date of start, length of the season) that can be translated to an abrupt alternative between dry and humid years.
251:
countries’ population, live in drylands. The low level of precipitation and the high degree of variability in the climatic conditions limit the possibilities for rainfed crop production in these areas.
1018:"La contribution de l'elevage pastoral a la securite et au developpement des espaces saharo-saheliens, analyses de trajectoires de familles de pasteurs en lien avec les crises pastorales"
387:
a tendency to the increment of maximal rains cumulated in fewer consecutive days, that causes damage and important loss on socio-economic systems (culture, infrastructure) and humans;
276:
of dry and sub-humid lands allows them to adapt to the unpredictable rainfall patterns that lead to floods and droughts. These areas produce the vast amount the world's crops and
312:
lands can be found in several regions of the world. For instance in places such as Europe, Mexico, Southwestern parts of the U.S, Countries in Africa that are just above the
120:
112:
577:
Puigdefabregas, J (October 1999). "Scales and processes of water and sediment redistribution in drylands: results from the Rambla Honda field site in
Southeast Spain".
1017:
364:
produced in the world. Comparative data on GGE per person show that
Europeans and Americans generate about 50 to 100 times more gas than Africans (Thiam, 2009).
272:
Countries like
Burkina Faso, Botswana, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and the Republic of Moldova, are 99% covered in areas of dry and sub-humid lands. The
391:
Dry and violent winds associated with very scarce rainfall that prevent enough humidification of the soils; making difficult the development of the whole
432:
or simply stock it. They become proactive (engage in trade, real estate, guarding, transport) in certain countries like
Burkina Faso, Senegal, Mali, and
368:
and pastoral activities, etc. In semi-arid lands, manifestations of climate change on communities and socio-economic activities are more diversified.
464:
make up about 41% of the world's land and are home to 20% of the world's people. They have several characteristics that make them unique :
534:
Middleton and Thomas, 1997. "The World Atlas of
Desertification Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005a). Climate Change". Chapter 13 in:
280:. Even further than producing the vast majority of crops in the world, it is also significant because it includes many different biomes.
416:, the reduction of the size of the herd, a change in the management of water, and diversification of paths of transhumance. This allows
165:
Drylands are complex, evolving structures whose characteristics and dynamic properties depend on many interrelated interactions between
39:
75:
695:"Large scale land investments, household displacement and the effect on land degradation in semiarid agro-pastoral areas of Ethiopia"
622:
1024:
349:
412:
In semi-arid lands where pastoralism is the principal activity, the main adaptation measures are an early departure to
383:
an increase in the occurrence of dry sequences that can happen at any time in space and time during the actual period;
59:
436:. These adaptation strategies allow them to be more resilient to the socio-economic consequences of climate change.
361:
20:
936:"Impact of Climate Variability and Change on Rain-Fed Farming System in Selected Semi-Arid Areas of Tanzania"
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203:
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contributes marginally in comparison to the rest of the world. Africa generates on average less than 4% of
45:
943:
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298:
649:
586:
199:
186:
34:
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The East
African drylands cover about 47% of land areas and are home to around 20 million people.
979:. Consortium for Ecosystem Services and Poverty Alleviation in arid and semi-arid Africa (CEPSA).
675:
474:
403:
creates stressful thermal situations that may seriously handicap vegetal and animal productivity.
207:
143:
71:
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and species conservation. Dryland biodiversity is equally of central importance as to ensuring
1054:
994:
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Situation
Analysis of Ecosystem Services and Poverty Alleviation in arid and semi-arid Africa
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who rely on cattle for both economic and social well-being constitute the majority of rural
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The actual rise without compromise of observed temperatures according to forecasts of the
159:
30:
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26:
910:
805:
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747:
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1082:"Arid - Synonyms, Antonyms, Definition, Meaning, Examples | HTML Translate | OpenTran"
693:
Bekele, Adugna Eneyew; Drabik, Dusan; Dries, Liesbeth; Heijman, Wim (September 2020).
598:
1129:
694:
679:
151:
150:: almost 100% of all hyper-arid lands are in the developing world. Nevertheless, the
127:
87:
67:
493:
830:"Drylands development, pastoralism and biodiversity conservation in Eastern Africa"
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729:
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206:, along with providing significant global economic values through the provision of
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Ecohydrology of Water-Controlled
Ecosystems: Soil Moisture and Plant Dynamics
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to safeguard their livestock and prevent huge losses as was the case in the
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288:
277:
155:
1105:
814:
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550:"Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005. Drylands Systems". Chapter 22 in:
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and biodiversity products. The UN Conference on Sustainable Development
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Drylands cover 41.3% of the Earth's land surface, including 15% of
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of less than 0.65. One can classify drylands into four sub-types:
492:
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25:
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Wade, Cheikh Tidiane; Touré, Oussouby; Diop, Mamadou (2015).
638:"Livestock mobility in sub-Saharan Africa: A critical review"
142:. There is a significantly greater proportion of drylands in
58:
are defined by a scarcity of water. Drylands are zones where
1023:. colloque regional de N’djamena, 27-29 mai. Archived from
123:
excludes hyper-arid zones from its definition of drylands.
552:
Ecosystems and Human Wellbeing: Current State and Trends
536:
Ecosystems and Human Wellbeing: Current State and Trends
379:
a shorter rainy season correlatively to its late start;
119:
include both hyper-arid and arid climate zones. The
340:
Manifestations of Climate Change in semi-arid lands
113:
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
771:"Updated Link and Survey Tool Added to Supplement"
713:"Updated Link and Survey Tool Added to Supplement"
636:Turner, Matthew D.; Schlecht, Eva (2019-08-26).
19:For other usus of "drylands" and "dryland", see
865:"What is Dry and Sub-humid Lands Biodiversity?"
218:in June 2012, stressed the intrinsic value of
8:
563:RodrĂguez-Iturbe, I. and A. Porporato 2004.
107:Some authorities regard hyper-arid lands as
1016:Bonnet, Bernard; Guibert, Bertrand (2013).
316:, and several Southern countries in Asia.
115:- UNCCD) although a number of the world's
804:
786:
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661:
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185:The livelihoods of millions of people in
146:(72%), and the proportion increases with
162:also contain significant dryland areas.
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225:and recognized the severity of global
1011:
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1106:"Chapter I. The arid environments"
623:"Conserving Drylands Biodiversity"
76:United Nations Environment Program
14:
344:Based on spatial repartition of
996:Gestion des risques climatiques
229:and degradation of ecosystems.
911:"What Is a Semi-Arid Climate?"
788:10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.4185
730:10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.4185
507:Arid Lands Information Network
408:Adaptation, Resilience in SALS
1:
599:10.1016/S0012-8252(99)00046-X
567:. Cambridge University Press.
320:Definition of semi-arid lands
970:Fabricius, Christo (2008).
158:, and several countries in
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444:Brazilian semi-arid region
18:
890:"Dry and Sub-humid lands"
663:10.1186/s13570-019-0150-z
554:, Volume 1. Island Press.
538:, Volume 1. Island Press.
189:depend highly on dryland
781:(11): 1333. 2022-09-21.
723:(11): 1333. 2022-09-21.
335:forest in north Ethiopia
268:Spiny forest, Madagascar
21:dryland (disambiguation)
428:purchase stock for the
260:Dry and sub-humid lands
233:Drylands in East Africa
204:sustainable development
951:Cite journal requires
845:Cite journal requires
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1002:. Dakar: IED Afrique.
579:Earth-Science Reviews
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299:Mediterranean climate
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66:from surfaces and by
29:
200:carbon sequestration
187:developing countries
144:developing countries
78:defines drylands as
654:2019Pasto...9...13T
625:. 9 September 2012.
591:1999ESRv...48...39P
194:contribute to halt
94:Dry sub-humid lands
934:Kabote, Samwel J.
828:Omondi, Shadrack.
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475:Evapotranspiration
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424:of the seventies.
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255:The four sub-types
208:ecosystem services
72:evapotranspiration
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46:Castilla–La Mancha
16:Water-scarce areas
1062:Missing or empty
471:High temperatures
468:Rainfall scarcity
227:biodiversity loss
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477:and low humidity
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284:Biomes include:
103:Hyper-arid lands
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1113:. Retrieved
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1025:the original
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871:. 2007-05-16
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274:biodiversity
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248:demographics
239:Pastoralists
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191:biodiversity
184:
181:Biodiversity
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55:
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642:Pastoralism
449:Arid lands.
243:inhabitants
70:by plants (
64:evaporation
38: [
1115:2019-04-30
1091:2022-06-18
1064:|url=
1034:2019-08-08
920:2022-06-18
875:2019-04-11
522:References
462:Arid lands
457:Arid chaco
354:atmosphere
346:greenhouse
220:biological
214:, held in
198:, such as
175:vegetation
100:Arid lands
48:region of
915:Sciencing
797:2168-6068
739:2168-6068
680:201642982
672:2041-7136
648:(1): 13.
430:livestock
350:emissions
310:Semi-arid
294:Savannahs
289:Grassland
278:livestock
223:diversity
156:Australia
134:, 40% of
130:, 66% of
84:temperate
1130:Category
1055:cite web
815:36129697
757:36129697
502:See also
497:Dry land
426:Breeders
418:breeders
80:tropical
56:Drylands
33:and the
1110:fao.org
869:cbd.int
806:9494260
748:9494260
650:Bibcode
587:Bibcode
422:drought
393:vegetal
314:equator
167:climate
148:aridity
117:deserts
109:deserts
74:). The
44:in the
1136:Biomes
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511:Desert
395:life;
358:Africa
333:Gestet
216:Brazil
212:Rio+20
173:, and
140:Europe
132:Africa
1028:(PDF)
1021:(PDF)
1000:(PDF)
977:(PDF)
893:(PDF)
676:S2CID
434:Kenya
121:UNCCD
50:Spain
42:]
1068:help
957:help
851:help
811:PMID
793:ISSN
753:PMID
735:ISSN
668:ISSN
401:GIEC
348:gas
171:soil
136:Asia
82:and
801:PMC
783:doi
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