256:-based tablets as well as LCD tablet versions of the Nook and Kindle. Unlike previous dedicated e-readers, tablet computers are multi-functional, utilize LCD touchscreen displays, and are more agnostic to e-book vendor apps, allowing for the installation of multiple e-book reading apps. Many Android tablets accept external media and allow uploading files directly onto the tablet's file system without resorting to online stores or cloud services. Many tablet-based and smartphone-based readers are capable of displaying PDF and DJVU files, which few of the dedicated e-book readers can handle. This opens a possibility to read publications originally published on paper and later scanned into a digital format. While these files may not be considered e-books in their strict sense, they preserve the original look of printed editions. The growth in general-purpose tablet use allowed for further growth in the popularity of e-books in the 2010s.
97:("e-ink") rather than an LCD screen. This yields much longer battery life — the battery can last for several weeks — and better readability, similar to that of paper even in sunlight. Drawbacks of this kind of display include a slow refresh rate and (usually) a grayscale-only display, which makes it unsuitable for sophisticated interactive applications such as those found on tablets. This may be perceived as an advantage, however, as the user may more easily focus on reading. The Sony Librie, released in 2004 and the precursor to the
375:, etc.). On the other hand, customers only have the possibility of purchasing books from a limited selection of ebooks in the online shop (accessible via the e-reader) and therefore do not have the possibility of purchasing e-books from the open market. Because of the use of ecosystems, companies are not forced to compete against each other and therefore the cost of e-books do not decrease. With only the option of using an online shop, the social interaction of buying or borrowing a book disappears.
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In 2012, there was a 26% decline in e-reader sales worldwide from a maximum of 23.2 million in 2011. The reason was given for this "alarmingly precipitous decline" was the rise of more general-purpose tablets that provided e-book reading apps along with many other abilities in a similar form factor.
359:
The graphical design of ebooks underlies the format and technical limits of e-readers because most E-ink readers do not support color displays and they have a limited resolution and size. The reading experience (readability) on E-ink displays (that are not back-illuminated) depends on the lighting
386:
for conventional books was often lower than that of e-books. In legal terms, e-books were considered a service since it was regarded as a temporary lease of the product. Therefore, ebook prices were often similar to paper book prices, even if the production of ebooks has a lower cost. In
October
208:
Research released in March 2011 indicated that e-books and e-readers were more popular with the older generation than the younger generation in the UK. The survey, carried out by Silver Poll, found that around 6% of people over 55 owned an e-reader, compared with just 5% of 18- to 24-year-olds.
76:
Any device that can display text on a screen may act as an e-reader; however, specialized e-reader devices may optimize portability, readability, and battery life for this purpose. Their main advantage over printed books is portability: an e-reader is capable of holding thousands of books while
318:
Many of the major book retailers and third-party developers offer e-reader applications for desktops, tablets, and mobile devices, to allow the reading of e-books and other documents independent of dedicated e-book devices. E-reader applications are available for computers running
188:
In 2009, new marketing models for e-books were being developed and a new generation of reading hardware was produced. E-books (as opposed to e-readers) had yet to achieve global distribution. In the United States, the Amazon Kindle model and
642:
146:-style ribbon of miniaturized text which could be scrolled past a magnifying glass, and would allow the reader to adjust the type size. He envisioned that eventually words could be "recorded directly on the palpitating ether".
1444:
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142:, which describes "a simple reading machine which I can carry or move around, attach to any old electric light plug and read hundred-thousand-word novels in 10 minutes". His hypothetical machine would use a
260:
In 2013, ABI Research claimed that the decline in the e-reader market was due to the aging of the customer base. In 2014, the industry reported e-reader sales worldwide to be around 12 million, with only
874:
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has expressed concern about the perceived loss of freedom or privacy that comes with e-readers, namely the inability to read whatever a reader prefers without the possibility of being tracked.
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The introduction of e-readers brought substantial changes to the publishing industry, also awakening fears and predictions about the possible disappearance of books and print periodicals.
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Until late 2013, the use of an e-reader was not allowed on airplanes during takeoff and landing. In
November 2013, the FAA allowed use of e-readers on airplanes at all times if set to
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predicted that by 2018 e-books would make up over 50% of total consumer publishing revenue in the U.S. and UK, while at that time, e-books were over 30% of the share of the revenue.
280:(China and Vietnam). At the end of 2015, eMarketer estimated that there were 83.4 million e-reader users in the US, with the number predicted to grow by 3.5% in 2016. In late 2014,
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and announced agreements with five of the six largest publishers that would allow Apple to distribute e-books. The iPad includes a built-in app for e-book reading called
1633:
Colbjørnsen, Terje (2014-06-10). "Digital divergence: analysing strategy, interpretation and controversy in the case of the introduction of an ebook reader technology".
697:
116:
library or an e-book retailer, allowing the user to buy, borrow, and receive digital e-books. An e-reader may also download e-books from a computer or read them from a
2037:
157:, a technology which allows a display screen to reflect light like ordinary paper without the need for a backlight. Among the first commercial e-readers were Sony's
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was the first color e-reader on the market, but its muted colors were criticized. Since 2021, color E-ink readers have been introduced into the market.
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409:, with a longer battery life. Features such as the ability to adjust font size and spacing can help people who have difficulty reading or
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169:. Several others were introduced around 1998, but did not gain widespread acceptance. Electronic paper was incorporated first into the
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1405:
1176:"Nearly 18 Million Media Tablets Shipped in 2010 with Apple Capturing 83% Share; eReader Shipments Quadrupled to More Than 12 Million"
895:
466:
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for content sales and delivery. The iPad, the first commercially profitable tablet, was followed in 2011 by the release of the first
1722:
Sangwan, Sunanda; Siguaw, Judy A.; Guan, Chong (2009-10-30). "A comparative study of motivational differences for online shopping".
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2007:
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displays are not back-illuminated and therefore seem to cause no more eye strain than a traditional book and less eye strain than
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E-readers can hold thousands of books limited only by their memory and use the same physical space as a conventional book. Most
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E-readers are usually designed to only offer access to the online shop of one provider. This structure is referred to as
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Colbjørnsen, Terje (2014-04-07). "What is the VAT? The policies and practices of value added tax on ebooks in Europe".
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181:, a device which, upon its release in 2007, sold out within five and a half hours. The Kindle includes access to the
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519:(Europe and Russia): PocketBook Touch, PocketBook Mini, PocketBook Touch Lux, PocketBook Color Lux, PocketBook Aqua
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Baccino, Thierry; Tissier, Geoffrey; Pedrotti, Marco; Drai-Zerbib, Véronique; Benedetto, Simone (2013-12-27).
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Benedetto, Simone; Drai-Zerbib, Véronique; Pedrotti, Marco; Tissier, Geoffrey; Baccino, Thierry (2013-12-27).
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study from March 2011, sales for all e-readers worldwide rose to 12.8 million in 2010; 48% of them were
70:
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and helps smaller companies (e.g. Kibano
Digireader) to compete against multinational companies (like
120:. However, the use of memory cards is decreasing as most of the 2010s era e-readers lack a card slot.
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1120:"Turning the tables, the electronic ink screen updated from only black and white to rich colors"
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2018, the EU allowed its member countries to charge the same VAT for ebooks as for paper books.
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930:. Literature by Design: British and American Books 1880–1930. Houston: Rice University Press.
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2000:"Kindle Features: Search, X-Ray, Knowledge (XXG) and Dictionary Lookup, Instant Translations"
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1497:"E-readers and the death of the book: Or, new media and the myth of the disappearing medium"
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E-readers can instantly download content from supported public libraries by using apps like
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weighing less than one. Another advantage is the convenience provided by add-on features.
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An e-reader is a device designed as a convenient way to read e-books. It is similar in
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867:"Everything You Need to Know About Using a MicroSD Card With Your Amazon Fire Tablet"
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An idea similar to that of an e-reader is described in a 1930 manifesto written by
1437:"Cleared for take-off: Europe allows use of e-readers on planes from gate to gate"
482:(France): Cybook Opus, Cybook Orizon, Cybook Odyssey, Cybook Odyssey HD FrontLight
1909:
1860:
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Tolino (Germany): Tolino Shine, Tolino Shine 2 HD, Tolino Vision, Tolino Vision 2
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were the dominant e-reading devices. By March 2010, some reported that the
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1310:"Tablets aren't killing e-readers, it's clog-popping wrinklies – analyst"
493:
410:
105:
1818:"E-Books: Freedom or Copyright - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
1767:"The European Union has decided that ebooks are really books, after all"
1521:
17:
3208:
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2452:
2392:
2228:
479:
194:
162:
2059:"Guidemaster: Ars tests and picks the best e-readers for every budget"
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2407:
2372:
2319:
1360:
Many
Thought the Tablet Would Kill the Ereader. Why It Didn't Happen.
268:
distributing e-readers globally and various regional distribution by
129:
66:
513:(Europe, Russia, China and Vietnam): Onyx Boox Max2, Onyx Boox Note
417:
notes that 85% of its e-reader users look up a word while reading.
413:. Some e-readers link to definitions or translations of key words.
291:. European authorities followed this guidance the following month.
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109:
36:
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2158:
1793:"The Danger of E-Books - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
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536:
277:
241:
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may have been selling more units than the Kindle in the US. The
190:
2820:
2115:
759:"Kindle vs. Nook vs. iPad: Which e-book reader should you buy?"
2183:
1223:"iPad iBooks app US-only, McGraw-Hill absent from Apple event"
1197:
336:
65:
that is designed primarily for the purpose of reading digital
699:
Managing
Knowledge and Scholarly Assets in Academic Libraries
1006:. Wiki.mobileread.com (2011-11-20). Retrieved on 2012-04-12.
1844:"The Role of e-books in Reshaping the Publishing Industry"
1406:"Kindle DX: Must You Turn it Off for Takeoff and Landing?"
1279:"RIP e-book readers? Rise of tablets drives e-reader drop"
112:
and the built-in software can provide a link to a digital
2111:
1198:"iPad – See the web, email, and photos like never before"
896:"Will Memory Cards Be Phase Out for eReaders Altogether?"
1074:
Nook outnumbers Kindle in March, says
Digitimes Research
1369:
eMarketer, February 29, 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
788:
The one gadget I can't live without… is not my phone
3459:
3428:
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2583:
2574:
2440:
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2209:
2202:
2149:
924:Brown, Robert "Bob" (2009). Saper, Craig J. (ed.).
2030:"What are the most looked up words on the Kindle?"
1950:Barzillai, Mirit; Thomson, Jenny M. (2018-09-30).
808:"Sony LIBRIe – The first ever E-ink e-book Reader"
101:, was the first e-reader to use electronic paper.
272:(US/UK), Tolino (Germany), Icarus (Netherlands),
1495:Ballatore, Andrea; Natale, Simone (2015-05-18).
45:Keyboard e-reader displaying a page of an e-book
628:Vocabulary 2.0: Smart Words of the 21st Century
1952:"Children learning to read in a digital world"
2832:
2127:
1150:"E-book popularity set to increase this year"
734:And the most popular way to read an e-book is
8:
2761:Comparison of Android ebook reader software
1467:"How to buy the best ebook reader – Which?"
114:Open Publication Distribution System (OPDS)
3134:
2958:
2871:
2864:
2839:
2825:
2817:
2580:
2206:
2134:
2120:
2112:
1341:The State of the e-Reader Industry in 2015
1967:
1926:
1908:
1859:
1848:Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
1609:
1591:
1520:
527:Alternative e-readers devices or platform
1842:Maxim, Andrei; Maxim, Alexandru (2012).
1681:International Journal of Cultural Policy
1635:Information, Communication & Society
2756:Comparison of iOS ebook reader software
1051:. Community.zdnet.co.uk. Archived from
588:
573:Supporting platforms for e-book formats
2781:International Digital Publishing Forum
1773:from the original on February 20, 2020
1447:from the original on 25 September 2015
1394:(2014-11-12). Retrieved on 2014-12-05.
1379:"In Europe, Slower Growth for e-Books"
1028:from the original on November 23, 2007
967:"Bob Brown, Godfather of the E-Reader"
677:from the original on February 27, 2021
663:Ray, C. Claiborne (October 24, 2011).
1674:
1672:
1561:
1559:
1289:from the original on January 21, 2013
1049:"Bookeen Cybook OPUS | ZDNet UK"
838:"How to Rent or Borrow eBooks Online"
769:from the original on January 21, 2013
331:, as well as for smartphones running
276:(Eastern Europe and Russia) and Onyx
7:
1100:from the original on January 4, 2014
1096:. Trusted Reviews. 18 January 2012.
578:Open Publication Distribution System
1322:from the original on 16 August 2017
1277:Tibken, Shara (December 12, 2012).
1094:"Ectaco jetBook Color E-ink reader"
965:Schuessler, Jennifer (2010-04-08).
2736:Academic journal publishing reform
1233:from the original on June 27, 2019
1083:, DIGITIMES, Taipei, 26 April 2010
1016:Patel, Nilay (November 21, 2007).
153:in 1997 led to the development of
25:
2028:Kozlowski, Michael (2015-10-14).
1765:Ha, Thu-Huong (October 3, 2018).
1156:from the original on 8 March 2011
3529:
3528:
2085:
696:Bhojaraju, Gunjal (2016-12-28).
673:. Q&A (column). p. D2.
229:(about 800,000 units for 2010).
2065:from the original on 2019-05-28
2040:from the original on 2019-05-07
2010:from the original on 2020-03-04
1824:from the original on 2013-05-10
1799:from the original on 2011-12-26
1545:from the original on 2016-03-15
1477:from the original on 2017-07-18
1418:from the original on 2011-08-30
1308:Smith, Tony (25 January 2013).
1259:from the original on 2010-01-30
1204:from the original on 2013-10-20
1182:. 10 March 2011. Archived from
1130:from the original on 1 May 2021
1018:"Kindle Sells Out in 5.5 Hours"
979:from the original on 2021-03-20
906:from the original on 2017-06-04
877:from the original on 2017-08-09
848:from the original on 2017-05-10
797:Techzim. Retrieved May 17, 2017
716:from the original on 2023-01-17
645:from the original on 2023-01-17
607:from the original on 2017-05-27
185:for e-book sales and delivery.
2104:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1885:"E-Readers and Visual Fatigue"
1568:"E-Readers and Visual Fatigue"
997:MobileRead Wiki – Rocket eBook
757:Falcone, John (July 6, 2010).
173:that was released in 2004 and
165:with special caddies) and the
1:
597:"Best E-Book Readers of 2017"
1910:10.1371/journal.pone.0083676
1861:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.178
1693:10.1080/10286632.2014.904298
1647:10.1080/1369118x.2014.924982
1593:10.1371/journal.pone.0083676
1404:Matt Phillips (2009-05-07).
814:. 2004-03-25. Archived from
3566:Electronic paper technology
2751:Comparison of ebook readers
1443:. London. 9 December 2013.
104:Many e-readers can use the
3582:
3279:Personal digital assistant
1047:Take, First (2010-09-11).
236:launched a multi-function
127:
29:
27:Device for reading e-books
3524:
177:in 2006, followed by the
149:The establishment of the
32:E-reader (disambiguation)
2776:iBooks Author Conference
1513:10.1177/1461444815586984
274:PocketBook International
219:Barnes & Noble Nooks
63:mobile electronic device
3556:Dedicated ebook devices
3516:Wireless sensor network
2473:Atlantis Word Processor
2413:OverDrive Media Console
2224:Barnes & Noble Nook
1736:10.1145/1644953.1644957
1501:New Media & Society
1411:The Wall Street Journal
568:Comparison of e-readers
199:Barnes & Noble Nook
3289:Portable data terminal
2315:Adobe Digital Editions
1969:10.5210/fm.v23i10.9437
665:"The Weight of Memory"
315:
282:PricewaterhouseCoopers
46:
3472:Information appliance
3294:Portable media player
3237:Handheld game console
2771:Electronic publishing
1255:. Apple. 2010-01-27.
1253:"Apple Launches iPad"
900:The eBook Reader Blog
302:
295:E-reader applications
130:E-book § History
93:, but often features
40:
3247:Mobile data terminal
3227:Electronic organizer
2899:Intelligent terminal
2269:Plastic Logic Reader
2094:at Wikimedia Commons
1229:. January 28, 2010.
314:desktop environment.
232:On January 27, 2010
203:Ectaco jetBook Color
30:For other uses, see
2806:Semantic publishing
2796:Reflowable document
2596:Amazon Kindle Store
1901:2013PLoSO...883676B
1724:ACM SIGMIS Database
1584:2013PLoSO...883676B
475:Nook GlowLight Plus
365:(digital) ecosystem
3504:Computer-on-module
3362:Digital wristwatch
3164:Mobile workstation
2934:Video game console
2894:Internet appliance
2606:Barnes & Noble
2274:PocketBook eReader
2174:Kindle File Format
2107:. Merriam-Webster.
1391:The New York Times
1384:2015-10-26 at the
1365:2016-03-02 at the
1350:September 24, 2015
1346:2015-11-19 at the
1079:2015-03-15 at the
1002:2016-04-15 at the
972:The New York Times
793:2017-05-16 at the
739:2017-09-25 at the
670:The New York Times
463:Barnes & Noble
316:
270:Barnes & Noble
47:
3543:
3542:
3492:Rugged smartphone
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3078:Small form factor
2904:Interactive kiosk
2814:
2813:
2724:
2723:
2694:Project Gutenberg
2653:Sony Reader Store
2601:Baen Free Library
2591:Apple Books Store
2536:Oxygen XML Editor
2516:iStudio Publisher
2502:Help & Manual
2436:
2435:
2363:Google Play Books
2329:
2090:Media related to
1507:(10): 2379–2394.
1178:(Press release).
902:. 31 March 2017.
709:978-1-5225-1742-9
638:978-93-84049-15-7
442:Kindle Paperwhite
428:Popular e-readers
161:(which was using
151:E Ink Corporation
53:, also called an
16:(Redirected from
3573:
3532:
3531:
3367:Calculator watch
3350:Activity tracker
3135:
2959:
2872:
2865:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2818:
2689:Internet Archive
2581:
2493:Collabora Online
2448:ABBYY FineReader
2398:Microsoft Reader
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747:. November 2010.
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631:. Notion Press.
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397:Positive aspects
391:Richard Stallman
209:According to an
155:electronic paper
95:electronic paper
21:
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3477:Microcontroller
3467:Embedded system
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3304:Ultra-mobile PC
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3190:
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2950:
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2801:Self-publishing
2720:
2711:Standard Ebooks
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2488:Calligra Author
2432:
2343:Bluefire Reader
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2061:. 23 May 2019.
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91:tablet computer
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2989:Personal super
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2848:Computer sizes
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2746:Braille e-book
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2244:Hanlin eReader
2241:
2239:enTourage eDGe
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2092:E-book readers
2081:
2080:External links
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2020:
1991:
1942:
1895:(12): e83676.
1875:
1834:
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1784:
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1687:(3): 326–343.
1668:
1625:
1578:(12): e83676.
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1487:
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1371:
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1214:
1189:
1186:on 2014-10-28.
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957:
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842:Money crashers
829:
818:on 14 May 2013
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702:. IGI Global.
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471:Nook GlowLight
460:
454:Kindle Oasis 2
429:
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296:
293:
217:, followed by
215:Amazon Kindles
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3327:Programmable
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2636:Google Books
2531:MadCap Flare
2279:Rocket eBook
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450:Kindle Oasis
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773:January 26,
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2014:2019-04-25
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1549:2016-03-10
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1422:2011-07-28
1263:2011-10-24
1208:2011-10-24
1059:2011-10-24
983:2012-12-06
951:2012-12-06
910:2017-05-26
881:2017-05-26
852:2017-05-26
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2643:Jarir.com
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498:Kobo Mini
465:(US/UK):
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355:Criticism
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266:Kobo Inc.
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3535:Category
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