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and numeracy), information, media, health, computer, and scientific. Of these, media and computer literacies are unique to the
Internet context, with eHealth media literacy being the awareness of media bias or perspective, the ability to discern both explicit and implicit meaning from media messages, and to derive meaning from media messages. The literature includes other definitions of perceived media capability or efficacy, but these were not specific to health information on the Internet. Having the composite skills of eHealth literacy allows health consumers to achieve positive outcomes from using the Internet for health purposes. eHealth literacy has the potential to both protect consumers from harm and empower them to fully participate in informed health-related decision making. People with high levels of eHealth literacy are also more aware of the risk of encountering unreliable information on the Internet On the other hand, the extension of digital resources to the health domain in the form of eHealth literacy can also create new gaps between health consumers. eHealth literacy hinges not on the mere access to technology, but rather on the skill to apply the accessed knowledge. The efficiency of eHealth also heavily relies on the efficiency and ease of use regarding technology being used by the patient. A high understanding of technology will not overcome the obstacles of overcomplicated technology being used by patients that are physically and mentally hindered.
603:
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settings. Socio-economic evaluations of some narrow types of mHealth can rely on health economic methodologies, but larger scale eHealth may have too many variables, and tortuous, intangible cause and effect links may need a wider approach. There are no international guidelines for the usage of eHealth due to many variables such as ignorance on the matter, infrastructure issues, quality of healthcare professionals and lack of healthcare plans. It should also be stated that the effectiveness of eHealth is also dependent on the patient's condition. Some researchers believe that online healthcare may be most efficient as a supplement to in-person care.
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appropriate safeguards to protect user privacy and confidentiality. This includes appropriate collection and handling of user data, the protection of data from unauthorized access and modification and the safe storage of data. Technical difficulties are another potential disadvantage. With almost all forms of technology, there will be unintended difficulties or malfunctions, which doesn't exclude tablets, computers, and wireless medical devices. Ehealth is also very dependent on the patient having functional Wi-Fi, which can be an issue that cannot be fixed without an expert.
242:). This main concern has to do with the confidentiality of the data. There is also concern about non-confidential data. Each medical practice has its own jargon and diagnostic tools, so to standardize the exchange of information, various coding schemes may be used in combination with international medical standards. Systems that deal with these transfers are often referred to as Health Information Exchange (HIE). Of the forms of e-health already mentioned, there are roughly two types; front-end data exchange and back-end exchange.
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of allowing personal data to be instantly available to the individual to be analyzed. As of now, fitness and health monitoring are the most popular applications for self-monitoring devices. The biggest benefit to self-monitoring devices is the elimination of the necessity for third party hospitals to run tests, which are both expensive and lengthy. These devices are an important advancement in the field of personal health management.
213:, in a 2005 systematic review of the term's usage, offered the definition of eHealth as a set of technological themes in health today, more specifically based on commerce, activities, stakeholders, outcomes, locations, or perspectives. One thing that all sources seem to agree on is that e-health initiatives do not originate with the patient, though the patient may be a member of a patient organization that seeks to do this, as in the
570:. This device is wearable on the wrist and allows one to set a personal goal for a daily energy burn. It records the calories burned and the number of steps taken for each day while simultaneously functioning as a watch. To add to the ease of the user interface, it includes both numeric and visual indicators of whether or not the individual has achieved his or her daily goal. Finally, it is also synced to an
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71:(EHRs). The use of electronic processes in healthcare dated back to at least the 1990s. Usage of the term varies as it covers not just "Internet medicine" as it was conceived during that time, but also "virtually everything related to computers and medicine". A study in 2005 found 51 unique definitions. Some argue that it is interchangeable with
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most. The switch from in-person to telehealth appointments and interventions was necessary to reduce the risks of spreading and/or contracting the disease. The forced use of telehealth during the pandemic highlighted its strengths and weaknesses, which accelerated the progression of this medium. The user feedback on eHealth during the
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allows the user to take action based on the results, measurements such as the pulse rate, EKG signals, and calories do not necessarily serve to actively guide an individual's personal healthcare management. Consumers are interested in qualitative feedback in addition to the quantitative measurements recorded by the devices.
581:. The use of this device is restricted to diabetic patients and allows users to measure the blood glucose levels in their body. It is extremely quantitative and the results are available instantaneously. However, this device is not as independent of a self-monitoring device as the Nike+ Fuelband because it requires some
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There are still many future improvements for self-monitoring healthcare devices. Although most of these wearable devices have been excellent at providing direct data to the individual user, the biggest task which remains at hand is how to effectively use this data. Although the blood glucose monitor
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A common example of a back-end exchange is when a patient on vacation visits a doctor who then may request access to the patient's health records, such as medicine prescriptions, x-ray photographs, or blood test results. Such an action may reveal allergies or other prior conditions that are relevant
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eHealth literacy is defined as "the ability to seek, find, understand and appraise health information from electronic sources and apply knowledge gained to addressing or solving a health problem." According to this definition, eHealth literacy encompasses six types of literacy: traditional (literacy
83:
or m-Health. Key components of eHealth include electronic health records (EHRs), telemedicine, health information exchange, mobile health applications, wearable devices, and online health information. These technologies enable healthcare providers, patients, and other stakeholders to access, manage,
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The demand for self-monitoring health devices is skyrocketing, as wireless health technologies have become especially popular in the last few years. In fact, it is expected that by 2016, self-monitoring health devices will account for 80% of wireless medical devices. The key selling point for these
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Self-monitoring is the use of sensors or tools which are readily available to the general public to track and record personal data. The sensors are usually wearable devices and the tools are digitally available through mobile device applications. Self-monitoring devices were created for the purpose
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E-mental health has a number of advantages such as being low cost, easily accessible and providing anonymity to users. However, there are also a number of disadvantages such as concerns regarding treatment credibility, user privacy and confidentiality. Online security involves the implementation of
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conditions. However, it can also refer to the use of information and communication technologies that also includes the use of social media, landline and mobile phones. E-mental health services can include information; peer support services, computer and internet based programs, virtual applications
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is becoming popular tool to improve health care delivery in order to combat difficult landscape. In many regions there is not only a significant lack of facilities and trained health professionals, but also no access to eHealth because there is also no internet access in remote villages, or even a
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The pandemic that impacted the entire world made it extremely difficult for vast amounts of people to receive adequate healthcare in person. Elderly citizens and people with chronic health conditions were at more risk than the average healthy human, therefore they were more adversely affected than
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E-mental health has been gaining momentum in the academic research as well as practical arenas in a wide variety of disciplines such as psychology, clinical social work, family and marriage therapy, and mental health counseling. Testifying to this momentum, the E-Mental Health movement has its own
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Patients living with long term conditions (also called chronic conditions) over time often acquire a high level of knowledge about the processes involved in their own care, and often develop a routine in coping with their condition. For these types of routine patients, front-end e-health solutions
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self-monitor their gambling by maintaining an online log of gambling and gambling urges. Participants could also use a smartphone application to collect self-monitoring information. Finally participants could also choose to receive motivational email or text reminders of their progress and goals.
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Front-end exchange typically involves the patient, while back-end exchange does not. A common example of a rather simple front-end exchange is a patient sending a photo taken by mobile phone of a healing wound and sending it via email to the family doctor for control. Such an action may avoid the
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While eHealth has become an indispensable facet of healthcare in the past 5 years, there are still barriers preventing it from reaching its full potential. Knowledge of the socio-economic performance of eHealth is limited, and findings from evaluations are often challenging to transfer to other
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eHealth in general, and telemedicine in particular, is a vital resource to remote regions of emerging and developing countries but is often difficult to establish because of the lack of communications infrastructure. For example, in Benin, hospitals often can become inaccessible due to flooding
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in 2009. During this study, 1,249 disaster-affected adults were randomly recruited to take part in the intervention. Participants were given a structured interview then invited to access the web intervention using a unique password. Access to the website was provided for a four-month period. As
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was developed to specifically test this as a method of treatment. All participants were given access to a website. The treatment group was provided with behavioural and cognitive strategies to reduce or quit gambling. This was presented in the form of a workbook which encouraged participants to
208:
Several authors have noted the variable usage in the term; from being specific to the use of the
Internet in healthcare to being generally around any use of computers in healthcare. Various authors have considered the evolution of the term and its usage and how this maps to changes in health
229:
The population of elderly people surpassed the number of children for the first time in history in 2018. A more multi-faceted approach is necessary for this age group, because they are more susceptible to chronic disease, contraindications of medication, and other age-related setbacks like
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before use. One needs to be able to make connections between the levels of glucose and the effect of diet and exercise. In addition, the users must also understand how the treatment should be adjusted based on the results. In other words, the results are not just static measurements.
196:: also often refer to software solutions for appointment scheduling, patient data management, work schedule management and other administrative tasks surrounding health. There can be integrated data collection platforms for devices and standards and require extended research.
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devices is the mobility of information for consumers. The accessibility of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets has increased significantly within the past decade. This has made it easier for users to access real-time information in a number of peripheral devices.
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participants accessed the site they were randomly assigned to either the intervention. those assigned to the intervention were provided with modules consisting of information regarding effective coping strategies to manage mental health and health risk behaviour.
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during the rainy season and across Africa, the low population density, along with severe weather conditions and the difficult financial situation in many
African states, has meant that the majority of the African people are badly disadvantaged in medical care.
632:
Approximately 13 percent of people who live in Kenya have health insurance. A majority of the total health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa was paid out-of-pocket, which forces millions into poverty yearly. A Kenyan service by the name of
420:
takes users through lessons that are grouped into modules that provide information and assignments to complete. The modules guide participants through steps such as preparing to quit smoking, stopping smoking and preventing relapse.
3011:
Rakers, Margot; van de Vijver, Steven; Bossio, Paz; Moens, Nic; Rauws, Michiel; Orera, Millicent; Shen, Hongxia; Hallensleben, Cynthia; Brakema, Evelyn; Guldemond, Nick; Chavannes, Niels H.; Villalobos-Quesada, MarĂa (2023).
274:) may be exchanged insecurely, and private information (such as personal information from the patient) must be secured. E-health manages both flows of information, while ensuring the quality of the data exchange.
262:
have shown that for data exchange to be facilitated either at the front-end or the back-end, a common thesaurus is needed for terms of reference. Various medical practices in chronic patient care (such as for
502:
The field has also expanded to include online "ask the doctor" services that allow patients direct, paid access to consultations (with varying degrees of depth) with medical professionals (examples include
357:
international organization, the
International Society for Mental Health Online. However, e-Mental health implementation into clinical practice and healthcare systems remains limited and fragmented.
637:
may offer a solution to this problem. This mobile platform provides full transparency of patients needs and allows access to medical products and the ability to efficiently manage their funding.
336:. The majority of e-mental health interventions have focused on the treatment of depression and anxiety. There are also E-mental health programs available for other interventions such as
267:
patients) already have a well defined set of terms and actions, which makes standard communication exchange easier, whether the exchange is initiated by the patient or the caregiver.
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Patients' first contact with the NHS in 20 years time will be via interactive 'cyber-physicians' accessed through domestic television sets, according to a government-sponsored study.
644:
technology, and satellite is often the only solution where terrestrial access may be limited, or poor quality, and one that can provide a fast connection over a vast coverage area.
1995:
3014:"SERIES: eHealth in primary care. Part 6: Global perspectives: Learning from eHealth for low-resource primary care settings and across high-, middle- and low-income countries"
2983:
1765:"eHealth and mHealth in Chronic Diseases—Identification of Barriers, Existing Solutions, and Promoters Based on a Survey of EU Stakeholders Involved in Regions4PerMed (H2020)"
183:, providing healthcare information to practitioners, researchers, and patients, real-time monitoring of patient vitals, and direct provision of care (via mobile telemedicine);
3406:
2659:
Köhne, Sandra; Schweiger, Ulrich; Jacob, Gitta A.; Braakmann, Diana; Klein, Jan
Philipp; Borgwardt, Stefan; Assmann, Nele; Rogg, Mirco; Schaich, Anja; FaĂźbinder, Eva (2019).
230:
forgetfulness. Ehealth offers services that can be very helpful for all of these scenarios, making an elderly patient's quality of life substantially better with proper use.
2661:"Therapeutic Relationship in eHealth—A Pilot Study of Similarities and Differences between the Online Program Priovi and Therapists Treating Borderline Personality Disorder"
3566:
2083:"Internet-based interventions for disordered gamblers: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of online self-directed cognitive-behavioural motivational therapy"
292:
238:
One of the factors blocking the use of e-health tools from widespread acceptance is the concern about privacy issues regarding patient records, most specifically the EPR (
374:
1610:
Miller, E; West, D (2007). "Characteristics associated with use of public and private web sites as sources of health care information: results from a national survey".
602:
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via the internet, treating virtual patients, who may never meet face to face. This is a new area of medicine which has been utilized by the armed forces and teaching
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was very positive, and consequently many patients and healthcare providers reported that they will continue to use this method of healthcare following the pandemic.
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Other internet programs have been developed specifically as part of research into treatment for specific disorders. For example, an online self-directed therapy for
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1919:
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is a personalised quit plan based on the users response to questions regarding giving up smoking and tailored individually each time the user logs into the site.
3332:
2400:"Pediatric eMental healthcare technologies: a systematic review of implementation foci in research studies, and government and organizational documents"
2802:
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a multilingual, free to use, web-based tool for self-management of less severe forms of depression, for use under guidance of a GP or psychotherapist.
115:: access to prescribing options, printing prescriptions to patients and sometimes electronic transmission of prescriptions from doctors to pharmacists
2225:"Understanding the acceptability of e-mental health: attitudes and expectations towards computerised self-help treatments for mental health problems"
2135:
Ruggiero, Kenneth J.; Resnick, Heidi S.; Paul, Lisa A.; Gros, Kirstin; McCauley, Jenna L.; Acierno, Ron; Morgan, Mark; Galea, Sandro (January 2012).
955:; Diepgen, TL (January–February 2001). "The role of e-health and consumer health informatics for evidence-based patient choice in the 21st century".
1953:
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Pagliari, Claudia; Sloan, David; Gregor, Peter; Sullivan, Frank; Detmer, Don; Kahan, James P.; Oortwijn, Wija; MacGillivray, Steve (31 March 2005).
75:
with a broad definition covering electronic/digital processes in health while others use it in the narrower sense of healthcare practice using the
169:
Virtual healthcare teams: consisting of healthcare professionals who collaborate and share information on patients through digital equipment (for
389:, an interactive text, cartoon and video CBT program for anxiety and depression. Two programs have been supported for use in primary care by the
2188:
Andrews, Gavin; Titov, Nickolai (25 May 2010). "Treating people you never see: internet-based treatment of the internalising mental disorders".
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O'Donoghue, John; Herbert, John (October 2012). "Data
Management within mHealth Environments: Patient Sensors, Mobile Devices, and Databases".
1001:
678:
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in an overview of latest medical journals, best practice guidelines or epidemiological tracking (examples include physician resources such as
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3172:
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2005:
1281:
911:
693:
902:
ICT Applications and
Cybersecurity Division: Policies and Strategies Department; ITU Telecommunication Development Sector (September 2008).
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consultation to patients before making their decision to travel for unique medical treatment only offered at a particular medical facility.
121:: providing information electronically about protocols and standards for healthcare professionals to use in diagnosing and treating patients
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127:: physical and psychological diagnosis and treatments at a distance, including telemonitoring of patients functions and videoconferencing;
92:
The term can encompass a range of services or systems that are at the edge of medicine/healthcare and information technology, including:
3617:
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and exchange health information more effectively, leading to improved communication, decision-making, and overall healthcare outcomes.
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106:
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2860:"The role of eHealth, telehealth, and telemedicine for chronic disease patients during COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid systematic review"
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495:, who comments on the case and suggests which intervention might benefit the patient. A field that lends itself to this approach is
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1991:
118:
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2714:
1123:"The use of information and communication technology in healthcare to improve participation in everyday life: a scoping review"
441:
2777:
2451:"Implementation of eMental Health care: viewpoints from key informants from organizations and agencies with eHealth mandates"
1280:
Fingberg, Jochen; Hansen, Marit; Hansen, Markus; Krasemann, Henry; Iacono, Luigi Lo; Probst, Thomas; Wright, Jessica (2006).
3219:"Marketing to Youth in the Digital Age: The Promotion of Unhealthy Products and Health Promoting Behaviours on Social Media"
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382:
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and games as well as real time interaction with trained clinicians. Programs can also be delivered using telephones and
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1927:
148:
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307:
2327:"Health professionals' perspective on the promotion of e-mental health apps in the context of maternal depression"
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641:
499:, where images of an eruption are communicated to a hospital specialist who determines if referral is necessary.
370:
239:
2500:
1704:
Leonardsen, Ann-Chatrin
Linqvist; Hardeland, Camilla; Helgesen, Ann Karin; Grøndahl, Vigdis A. (December 2020).
3497:
3401:
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578:
512:
96:
68:
1340:"The Application of Internet-Based Sources for Public Health Surveillance (Infoveillance): Systematic Review"
401:, a set of interactive text, cartoon and video programs for the anxiety and depressive disorders. Another is
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390:
59:
describes healthcare services which are supported by digital processes, communication or technology such as
3113:
3622:
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3411:
2021:
Taylor, Gemma M. J.; Dalili, Michael N.; Semwal, Monika; Civljak, Marta; Sheikh, Aziz; Car, Josip (2017).
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99:: enabling the communication of patient data between different healthcare professionals (GPs, specialists
60:
3658:
3454:
3421:
2137:"Randomized Controlled Trial of an Internet-Based Intervention Using Random-Digit-Dial Recruitment: The
625:
2629:
903:
3627:
2338:
461:
155:
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190:: powerful computing and data management capabilities to handle large amounts of heterogeneous data.
2984:"Satellite is vital for a unified, global, E-Health system... An SES Techcom Services Perspective"
1706:"Patient experiences with technology enabled care across healthcare settings- a systematic review"
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130:
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109:: a means of requesting diagnostic tests and treatments electronically and receiving the results
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Other monitoring devices have more medical relevance. A well-known device of this type is the
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Johnson, Peter Anto; Johnson, John
Christy; Harline, Shawna; Robert, McWeeny (13 May 2021).
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Zonneveld, Michael; Patomella, Ann-Helen; Asaba, Eric; Guidetti, Susanne (5 November 2020).
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E-mental health is frequently used to refer to internet based interventions and support for
31:
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Bennett, Kylie; Reynolds, Julia; Christensen, Helen; Griffiths, Kathleen M. (7 June 2010).
397:, a text based program for the anxiety, depressive and eating disorders, and the second is
3632:
3561:
2916:
2081:
Hodgins, David C.; Fick, Gordon H.; Murray, Robert; Cunningham, John A. (8 January 2013).
673:
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Internet connectivity, and the benefits of eHealth, can be brought to these regions using
563:
531:
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Cybermedicine is already being used in small projects where images are transmitted from a
170:
3275:
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Bennett, Kylie; Bennett, Anthony James; Griffiths, Kathleen
Margaret (19 December 2010).
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3071:"Why Do Evaluations of eHealth Programs Fail? An Alternative Set of Guiding Principles"
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79:. It can also include health applications and links on mobile phones, referred to as
46:
1879:
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1980:. London, UK: National Institute for Health & Clinical Excellence. 1 May 2013 .
1655:"eHealth literacy: extending the digital divide to the realm of health information"
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151:: use of electronic resources on medical topics by healthy individuals or patients;
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38:
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Cybermedicine: how computing empowers doctors and patients for better healthcare
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180:
136:
50:
1722:
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Griskewicz, M. (July 2002). "HIMSS SIG develops proposed e-health definition".
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app which allows for tracking and sharing of personal record and achievements.
179:: includes the use of mobile devices in collecting aggregate and patient-level
133:: providing rehabilitation services over a distance through telecommunications.
3444:
3341:
3310:
2875:
2778:"Nike+ FuelBand app for iOS updated with background syncing and battery meter"
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2841:"Self-Monitoring Health IT Falls Short of Providing the Information We Need"
2099:
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Oh, Hans; Rizo, Carlos; Enkin, Murray; Jadad, Alejandro (24 February 2005).
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E-Mental Health and the Modern Mind: Developments, Dangers, and Destruction
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Ahern, David K.; Kreslake, Jennifer M.; Phalen, Judith M. (31 March 2006).
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Barros, Joana M; Duggan, Jim; Rebholz-Schuhmann, Dietrich (13 March 2020).
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Integrating Data Custodians in eHealth Grids: Security and Privacy Aspects
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Self-monitoring healthcare devices exist in many forms. An example is the
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1504:"What Is eHealth (6): Perspectives on the Evolution of eHealth Research"
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Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry
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904:"Implementing e-Health in Developing Countries: Guidance and Principles"
866:
17:
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Rosenmöller, Magdalene; Whitehouse, Diane; Wilson, Petra, eds. (2014).
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includes a range of conditions such as alcohol and drug use disorders,
176:
80:
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1671:
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Internet Based Sources for Public Health Surveillance (Infoveillance).
3502:
2540:
2504:
2223:
Musiat, Peter; Goldstone, Philip; Tarrier, Nicholas (11 April 2014).
1974:"Computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for depression and anxiety"
1229:
Jampani, N. D.; Nutalapati, R.; Dontula, B. S.; Boyapati, R. (2011).
634:
571:
539:
504:
271:
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In general, explanatory diagnostic information (such as the standard
2917:"Refocusing Europe-Africa Strategy: Strategic Importance of eHealth"
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2201:
139:: use robots and wireless communication to perform surgery remotely.
2565:
1847:"e-hub: an online self-help mental health service in the community"
1307:"Software Analytics Platform for Converged Healthcare Technologies"
850:"What Is eHealth (3): A Systematic Review of Published Definitions"
1356:
601:
553:
2982:
Bethscheider, Gerhard (2 September 2015). Barney, Randall (ed.).
2809:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 22 December 2016.
2665:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
2325:
Sprenger, Michaela; Mettler, Tobias; Osma, Jorge (12 July 2017).
1918:
Cotton, Rebecca; Hyatt, Jen; Patrick, Matthew (29 January 2013).
2601:
2000:(4th, text revision ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
432:
An internet based intervention was also developed for use after
3314:
2615:
1231:"Applications of teledentistry: A literature review and update"
481:
365:
There are at least five programs currently available to treat
440:
eHealth programs have been found to be effective in treating
2637:
1823:"e-Diabetes on the website of the Dutch Diabetes foundation"
2276:"Security Considerations for E-Mental Health Interventions"
1763:
Stefanicka-Wojtas, Dorota; Kurpas, Donata (15 March 2022).
1002:"E-health: transforming the physician/patient relationship"
145:: exchange clinical information and images over a distance.
3259:
2583:
1453:"What Is eHealth (4): A Scoping Exercise to Map the Field"
3167:(Revised, updated ed.). San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
1947:
1945:
377:
as cost effective for use in primary care. These include
2384:
2822:"By 2017: 50M consumer wireless health devices to ship"
2130:
2128:
37:"Cyber Doctor" redirects here. Not to be confused with
2076:
2074:
1922:(Report). Discussion Paper. Vol. 12. London, UK:
3217:
Dunlop, Sally; Freeman, Becky; Jones, Sandra (2016).
3069:
Greenhalgh, Trisha; Russell, Jill (2 November 2010).
2541:"Online Programs for Stress, Anxiety, and Depression"
1997:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
1959:(Report). Canberra, Australia: Australian Government.
2023:"Internet-based interventions for smoking cessation"
3610:
3516:
3483:
3420:
3407:
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
3377:
3348:
1178:Choi, P. J.; Oskouian, R. J.; Tubbs, R. S. (2018).
194:
Health informatics / healthcare information systems
3133:
2845:Center for Advancing Health: Prepared Patient Blog
1845:
1029:
734:"What is e-Health (2): The death of telemedicine?"
408:There are a number of online programs relating to
373:. Several programs have been identified by the UK
293:Use of technology in treatment of mental disorders
3006:
3004:
2936:"SES Improves Quality Healthcare Access in Benin"
2387:. International Society for Mental Health Online.
375:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
2938:(Press release). Luxembourg: SES. Archived from
843:
841:
2752:
2750:
1000:Ball, Marion J.; Lillis, Jenifer (April 2001).
3465:Participative decision-making in organizations
2858:Bitar, Hind; Alismail, Sarah (19 April 2021).
2708:
2706:
1897:(2 ed.). Canada: Golden Meteorite Press.
566:, which is a modified version of the original
3326:
2962:"NEPJOL : Role of telemedicine in Nepal"
2734:"Future care to be provided by cyber doctors"
1968:
1966:
1952:Department of Health and Ageing (June 2012).
1051:
1049:
8:
2759:"How self-monitoring is transforming health"
1006:International Journal of Medical Informatics
460:services, such as medical consultations and
246:cost of an expensive visit to the hospital.
2715:"Online visits a boon for far-off patients"
2455:BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
2027:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1920:E-Mental Health: what's all the fuss about?
3333:
3319:
3311:
385:program to treat people with phobias, and
3237:
3096:
3086:
3045:
2891:
2686:
2676:
2476:
2466:
2425:
2415:
2360:
2350:
2301:
2291:
2250:
2240:
2164:
2108:
2098:
2054:
1798:
1780:
1739:
1721:
1680:
1670:
1583:
1573:
1529:
1519:
1478:
1468:
1427:
1417:
1373:
1355:
1322:
1256:
1246:
1205:
1195:
1138:
968:
875:
865:
821:
803:
759:
749:
283:tend to be relatively easy to implement.
209:informatics and healthcare generally. Oh
3192:Managing eHealth: From Vision to Reality
3018:The European Journal of General Practice
1287:(Report). NEC Lab Report. Archived from
606:Online healthcare appointment via webcam
258:Successful e-health initiatives such as
30:For the private online marketplace, see
2977:
2975:
2604:. European Alliance Against Depression.
1058:Journal of Data and Information Quality
727:
725:
721:
1954:E-Mental Health Strategy for Australia
1605:
1603:
1556:Norman, C. D.; Skinner, H. A. (2006).
1551:
1549:
1098:(in Swiss High German). Archived from
679:Center for Telehealth and E-Health Law
3493:Health information on Knowledge (XXG)
3288:"The Digital Health Care Environment"
2757:Paddock, Catharine (15 August 2013).
1305:Arjun, R.; D'Souza, Sunil C. (2016).
912:International Telecommunication Union
694:European Institute for Health Records
7:
3300:"Evaluating digital health products"
3258:. NWEH. January 2019. Archived from
2588:St Vincent's Hospital Sydney Limited
2280:Journal of Medical Internet Research
1659:Journal of Medical Internet Research
1562:Journal of Medical Internet Research
1558:"eHEALS: The eHealth Literacy Scale"
1508:Journal of Medical Internet Research
1457:Journal of Medical Internet Research
1406:Journal of Medical Internet Research
1344:Journal of Medical Internet Research
897:
895:
854:Journal of Medical Internet Research
792:Journal of Medical Internet Research
781:
779:
738:Journal of Medical Internet Research
732:Della Mea, Vincenzo (22 June 2001).
3194:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
2732:Butler, Patrick (7 December 2000).
344:, and post-disaster mental health.
3485:Health information on the Internet
2915:Iluyemi, Adesina (14 April 2009).
2803:"Blood Glucose Monitoring Devices"
2570:Swinburne University of Technology
1864:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03694.x
1624:10.1097/01.mlr.0000244509.60556.49
546:Self-monitoring healthcare devices
107:Computerized physician order entry
25:
2807:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
3136:The Medicalization of Cyberspace
3112:
2839:Gruman, Jessie (16 April 2014).
1992:American Psychiatric Association
1769:Journal of Personalized Medicine
452:Cybermedicine is the use of the
119:Clinical decision support system
3618:Open-source healthcare software
3132:Miah, Andy; Rich, Emma (2009).
2847:. George Washington University.
2529:. 365 Health and Wellbeing Ltd.
442:borderline personality disorder
328:, delusional disorders such as
2776:Bishop, Bryan (29 June 2012).
2630:"Freedom From Smoking® Online"
2039:10.1002/14651858.CD007078.pub5
1:
3030:10.1080/13814788.2023.2241987
2934:Payer, Markus (4 June 2015).
1653:Neter, E; Brainin, E (2012).
1140:10.1080/09638288.2019.1592246
1127:Disability and Rehabilitation
1018:10.1016/S1386-5056(00)00130-1
979:10.1016/S0738-081X(00)00202-9
786:Eysenbach, G (18 June 2001).
629:reliable electricity supply.
522:, known in the UK as a Cyber
3088:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000360
2820:Dolan, Brian (31 May 2012).
2713:Allday, Erin (27 May 2007).
2398:Gehring, ND (21 June 2017).
2352:10.1371/journal.pone.0180867
2145:Contemporary Clinical Trials
1852:Medical Journal of Australia
1710:BMC Health Services Research
1324:10.1016/j.protcy.2016.05.169
1092:"Exploris - Cardio Explorer"
383:cognitive behavioral therapy
348:Advantages and disadvantages
3435:Doctor–patient relationship
3342:Telemedicine and telehealth
2449:Wozney, L (December 2017).
149:Consumer health informatics
3675:
3470:Patient Activation Measure
2988:World Teleport Association
2765:. Healthline Media UK Ltd.
2721:. San Francisco Chronicle.
2503:. CCBT Ltd. Archived from
1723:10.1186/s12913-020-05633-4
308:interactive voice response
290:
36:
29:
3542:Remote patient monitoring
3292:Saint Joseph's University
3163:Slack, Warner V. (2001).
2876:10.1177/20552076211009396
2634:American Lung Association
2468:10.1186/s12911-017-0474-9
2417:10.1186/s13012-017-0608-6
2157:10.1016/j.cct.2011.10.001
464:. It is the successor to
240:Electronic patient record
69:Electronic Health Records
3498:Online patient education
3402:Electronic health record
3280:Internet Medical Society
2242:10.1186/1471-244X-14-109
2190:Australian Health Review
472:would consult and treat
97:Electronic health record
3226:Media and Communication
2100:10.1186/1471-2458-13-10
1248:10.4103/2231-0762.97695
1070:10.1145/2378016.2378021
619:In developing countries
598:eHealth During COVID-19
186:Medical research using
3623:Patient opinion leader
3475:Shared decision-making
3412:Personal health record
2678:10.3390/ijerph17176436
2566:"Mental Health Online"
2404:Implementation Science
1825:. Diabetesfederatie.nl
957:Clinics in Dermatology
607:
559:
61:electronic prescribing
3455:Knowledge translation
3422:Patient participation
3239:10.17645/mac.v4i3.522
3140:. London: Routledge.
2870:: 20552076211009396.
2139:Disaster Recovery Web
1858:(11 Suppl): S48–S52.
1294:on 29 September 2007.
1042:– via Elsevier.
626:Telemedicine in Nepal
605:
579:blood glucose monitor
557:
391:Australian Government
3628:Research participant
1419:10.2196/jmir.3.2.e20
805:10.2196/jmir.3.2.e20
751:10.2196/jmir.3.2.e22
418:Freedom From Smoking
320:such as depression,
204:Contested Definition
156:knowledge management
3349:Background concepts
3294:. 13 February 2017.
3276:"The eHeatlhQ Seal"
3256:"NorthWest EHealth"
2602:"iFightDepression®"
2527:"Beating the Blues"
2343:2017PLoSO..1280867S
1782:10.3390/jpm12030467
1575:10.2196/jmir.8.2.e9
1521:10.2196/jmir.8.1.e4
1470:10.2196/jmir.7.1.e9
1402:"What is e-health?"
1311:Procedia Technology
1197:10.7759/cureus.2716
867:10.2196/jmir.7.1.e1
788:"What is e-health?"
642:satellite broadband
326:Alzheimer's disease
177:mHealth or m-Health
27:Healthcare practice
3654:Health informatics
3602:Telerehabilitation
3356:Health informatics
3262:on 16 October 2015
2763:Medical News Today
1930:on 22 October 2020
1102:on 2 February 2019
1034:on 21 January 2019
608:
560:
493:medical specialist
462:drug prescriptions
131:Telerehabilitation
73:health informatics
3641:
3640:
3577:Teleophthalmology
3567:Telemental health
3552:Tele-epidemiology
3397:De-identification
3369:Telecommunication
3201:978-1-137-37942-9
3174:978-0-7879-5631-8
3147:978-0-415-39364-5
2293:10.2196/jmir.1468
2087:BMC Public Health
2007:978-0-89042-025-6
1924:NHS Confederation
1672:10.2196/jmir.1619
1133:(23): 3416–3423.
1096:www.exploris.info
669:Human Enhancement
613:COVID-19 pandemic
583:patient education
410:smoking cessation
387:Beating the Blues
338:smoking cessation
334:anxiety disorders
16:(Redirected from
3666:
3450:Health education
3335:
3328:
3321:
3312:
3307:
3295:
3283:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3243:
3241:
3223:
3213:
3186:
3159:
3139:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3110:
3100:
3090:
3081:(11): e1000360.
3066:
3060:
3059:
3049:
3008:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2979:
2970:
2969:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2895:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2754:
2745:
2744:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2710:
2701:
2700:
2690:
2680:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2640:on 24 April 2021
2636:. Archived from
2626:
2620:
2619:
2618:. Quit Victoria.
2612:
2606:
2605:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2507:on 2 August 2019
2497:
2491:
2490:
2480:
2470:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2429:
2419:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2364:
2354:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2305:
2295:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2254:
2244:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2168:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2112:
2102:
2078:
2069:
2068:
2058:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1926:. Archived from
1915:
1909:
1908:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1882:– via MJA.
1849:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1802:
1784:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1743:
1725:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1684:
1674:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1587:
1577:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1421:
1400:(18 June 2001).
1394:
1388:
1387:
1377:
1359:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1286:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1260:
1250:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1199:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1142:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1033:
1028:. Archived from
997:
991:
990:
972:
949:
943:
942:
930:
924:
923:
921:
919:
908:
899:
890:
889:
879:
869:
845:
836:
835:
825:
807:
783:
774:
773:
763:
753:
729:
684:eHealthInsurance
664:Personal Science
426:problem gambling
403:iFightDepression
314:Mental disorders
221:eHealth literacy
32:eHealthInsurance
21:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3633:Virtual patient
3606:
3562:Teledermatology
3512:
3479:
3416:
3373:
3344:
3339:
3306:. January 2020.
3298:
3286:
3274:
3265:
3263:
3254:
3251:
3246:
3221:
3216:
3202:
3189:
3175:
3162:
3148:
3131:
3127:
3125:Further reading
3122:
3121:
3111:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2992:
2990:
2981:
2980:
2973:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2945:
2943:
2942:on 5 March 2016
2933:
2932:
2928:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2712:
2711:
2704:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2549:
2547:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2337:(7): e0180867.
2324:
2323:
2319:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2202:10.1071/AH09775
2187:
2186:
2182:
2134:
2133:
2126:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2033:(9): CD007078.
2020:
2019:
2015:
2008:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1037:
1035:
999:
998:
994:
951:
950:
946:
932:
931:
927:
917:
915:
906:
901:
900:
893:
847:
846:
839:
785:
784:
777:
731:
730:
723:
718:
713:
674:Quantified self
659:
650:
621:
600:
548:
526:, is a medical
450:
393:. The first is
381:, a text based
363:
350:
299:
289:
287:E-mental health
280:
256:
236:
223:
206:
171:transmural care
90:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3672:
3670:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3646:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3592:Telepsychiatry
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3547:Tele-audiology
3544:
3539:
3537:Remote therapy
3534:
3532:Remote surgery
3529:
3523:
3521:
3519:subspecialties
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3508:PubMed Central
3505:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3387:Admission note
3383:
3381:
3379:Medical record
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3296:
3284:
3272:
3250:
3249:External links
3247:
3245:
3244:
3214:
3200:
3187:
3173:
3160:
3146:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3061:
3024:(1): 2241987.
3000:
2971:
2953:
2926:
2907:
2864:Digital Health
2850:
2831:
2828:. HIMSS Media.
2826:MobiHealthNews
2812:
2794:
2768:
2746:
2724:
2702:
2651:
2621:
2607:
2593:
2575:
2557:
2532:
2518:
2492:
2441:
2390:
2376:
2317:
2266:
2229:BMC Psychiatry
2215:
2180:
2124:
2070:
2013:
2006:
1983:
1962:
1941:
1910:
1903:
1885:
1836:
1814:
1755:
1696:
1645:
1618:(3): 245–251.
1599:
1545:
1494:
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1389:
1330:
1297:
1272:
1221:
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1113:
1083:
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686:
681:
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671:
666:
660:
658:
655:
649:
646:
620:
617:
599:
596:
564:Nike+ FuelBand
547:
544:
513:Ask The Doctor
449:
446:
395:Anxiety Online
362:
359:
349:
346:
318:mood disorders
297:Telepsychiatry
288:
285:
279:
278:Early adopters
276:
255:
252:
250:to the visit.
235:
232:
222:
219:
205:
202:
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89:
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26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
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3659:Telemedicine
3587:Telepharmacy
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3279:
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3260:the original
3229:
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2991:. Retrieved
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2664:
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1100:the original
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960:
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113:ePrescribing
100:
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43:robot doctor
39:Doctor Cyber
3572:Telenursing
3392:Blue Button
3364:health care
3362:In absentia
2946:26 February
2787:31 December
2616:"QuitCoach"
2545:THIS WAY UP
1012:(1): 1–10.
963:(1): 11–7.
497:dermatology
456:to deliver
399:THIS WAY UP
379:Fearfighter
181:health data
137:Telesurgery
51:cybernetics
3648:Categories
3445:Health 2.0
2993:28 January
2921:SlideShare
2461:(78): 78.
2410:(76): 76.
2286:(5): e61.
1775:(3): 467.
1716:(1): 779.
1665:(1): e19.
1412:(2): e20.
935:HIMSS News
798:(2): e20.
744:(2): e22.
716:References
704:Telehealth
699:Health 2.0
648:Evaluation
505:Bundoo.com
468:, wherein
371:depression
291:See also:
260:e-Diabetes
217:movement.
65:Telehealth
3440:E-patient
3232:(3): 35.
3210:870285603
3183:806149793
3156:978360846
3038:1381-4788
2884:2055-2076
2782:The Verge
2047:1469-493X
1791:2075-4426
1732:1472-6963
1568:(2): e9.
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1463:(1): e9.
1366:1438-8871
1165:106408490
1149:0963-8288
965:CiteSeerX
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814:1438-8871
568:pedometer
538:offering
536:hospitals
530:who does
524:Physician
478:telephone
414:QuitCoach
254:Thesaurus
215:e-Patient
3107:21072245
3056:37615720
3047:10453992
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2175:22008248
2141:Project"
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2065:28869775
1994:(2000).
1880:38159263
1872:20528710
1829:15 April
1809:35330466
1750:32838784
1691:22357448
1632:17304082
1612:Med Care
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918:15 April
886:15829471
832:11720962
770:11720964
689:EUDRANET
657:See also
518:A Cyber
474:patients
454:Internet
361:Programs
342:gambling
322:dementia
265:diabetic
164:Medscape
77:Internet
18:E-health
3527:eHealth
3460:mHealth
3266:24 June
3098:2970573
2893:8060773
2688:7504280
2550:20 June
2511:16 June
2478:5455087
2427:5479013
2385:"ISHMO"
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2339:Bibcode
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2252:3999507
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2110:3545736
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1934:16 June
1800:8954526
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877:1550636
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761:1761900
509:Teladoc
470:doctors
458:medical
444:(BPD).
367:anxiety
310:(IVR).
154:Health
81:mHealth
57:eHealth
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540:online
520:Doctor
511:, and
272:ICD-10
211:et al.
3222:(PDF)
1957:(PDF)
1876:S2CID
1636:S2CID
1292:(PDF)
1285:(PDF)
1161:S2CID
1074:S2CID
1064:: 5.
907:(PDF)
188:grids
88:Types
67:, or
49:, or
3268:2013
3206:OCLC
3196:ISBN
3179:OCLC
3169:ISBN
3152:OCLC
3142:ISBN
3103:PMID
3052:PMID
3034:ISSN
2995:2016
2948:2016
2898:PMID
2880:ISSN
2789:2019
2693:PMID
2646:2013
2552:2022
2513:2017
2483:PMID
2432:PMID
2367:PMID
2308:PMID
2257:PMID
2206:PMID
2171:PMID
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2031:2017
2002:ISBN
1978:NICE
1936:2017
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1831:2012
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1362:ISSN
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1108:2017
1040:2017
1022:PMID
983:PMID
920:2012
882:PMID
828:PMID
810:ISSN
766:PMID
369:and
332:and
324:and
295:and
160:e.g.
101:etc.
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