367:
386:, designs for which Schwagerl finished by that December. In addition to laying out the cemetery grounds, he designed several buildings, including a chapel and receiving vault (pictured), but these were never built. The cemetery design was favorably received, with one review calling it "the most beautiful cemetery on the Pacific Coast." Schwagerl returned to Cleveland after a further proposal to lay out the grounds of City Park (now
463:. He envisioned a "continuous boulevard, from 150 to 300 feet wide," encircling the city, which would branch off into smaller boulevards and parks. Despite the plan receiving enthusiastic support from the mayor and park commissioners, the city's financial difficulties caused by the ongoing recovery from the
446:
Schwagerl's most recognized contribution to
Seattle was development of a comprehensive plan for Seattle parks that he said, "provides for a system of attenuated parks and boulevards. It embraces four main parks, each park consisting of a natural project of peerless scope, breadth and range at the
514:
was brought to
Seattle to implement a citywide parks system in 1903, he had sharp criticism of Schwagerl's work, writing to his wife of Denny Park: “His walks are very crooked often and his banks steep and high and his plantings very mixed but pretty much the same selection for every place." His
442:
and its surrounding area, in order to save it from degradation due to overuse and vandalism. He said, "It is not foreign to the mission of the city’s park commission to be informed of some of the facts relative to the United States reservation created and designated as the 'Pacific Coast Park
243:
He married Ella Varnes in
Cleveland in 1883. He filed for divorce in 1892 and accused Ella of having an affair with her uncle, which she denied. Ella alleged cruelty in a counter-claim, prevailed in court, and was awarded custody of their child. In 1894, he married Frances McKay, a fellow
486:
along with surrounding residential tracts, whose sale was supposed to fund the campus project. However, several years of financial trouble around servicing the debt on the project meant the campus was never built at
University Place, which today is a purely residential area.
522:
said the final
Olmsted plan was "almost identical" to the one Schwagerl had proposed ten years earlier. Some present-day architects have assessed Schwagerl as "remarkable and distinguished" and "Seattle’s most important pioneer landscape architect."
427:"along formal lines with prettily conceived walks, mounds and sloping lawns, ornamented with clusters of trees, shrubbery and flowering plant which thrive," although the modern park was redesigned after being leveled as part of the
398:
He returned to the
Northwest on a more permanent basis by 1889, when he was working in Tacoma designing the Lucius Manning residence. The following year, Tacoma's park board selected Schwagerl to design a public park (now known as
288:
in
Cleveland, on which ground was broken in April 1876. Sufficient progress had been made by that November for the cemetery to be inaugurated in a ceremony that featured guests, among them Schwagerl and President-elect
411:
on land that had been recently ceded to the city of Tacoma by the federal government. Political differences in Tacoma, including concerns over the cost of the parks, led to
Schwagerl being dismissed, and his friend
570:
A volume of memoirs and genealogy of representative citizens of the city of
Seattle and county of King, Washington, including biographies of many of those who have passed away
173:, but when his brother failed to meet him, he was forced to find work in restaurants and department stores. He began attending the New Hampshire Conference Seminary (now the
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478:(now Western Washington University). He resigned his position as superintendent, effective at the end of 1895, and moved back to Tacoma to take up a position at
189:
from 1864 to 1865, after which he returned to Paris for a time. During this second stay in Paris, he assisted an architect who was designing the grounds for the
370:
A rendering of the proposed design for a chapel and receiving vault at the River View
Cemetery in Portland, Oregon, by the cemetery's designer, E. O. Schwagerl.
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Schwagerl was responsible for either the original design of or improvements to a variety of public and private parks and buildings throughout his career.
268:
had his parents and brothers interred a few years later. In 1873, he oversaw improvements to the grounds of the North Missouri State Normal School (now
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293:, each planting a tree that was dedicated in their honor. His work "was widely regarded as one of the most notable new cemetery designs of the era."
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The spellings Schwageral, Schwagerel, Schwaegerl, and O'Schwaigerl are also found, and a small number of sources list his first name as Eugene.
379:
734:, 1880; Cleveland, Cuyahoga, Ohio;, enumeration district ED 1, Family History film 1255004. Retrieved on September 29, 2018.
326:) that included a new stone speakers' platform called the Oratorium, and later that year was commissioned by the city of Cleveland to lay out
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502:' citywide park system that had been initiated in 1903. Among the designs Schwagerl contributed were those for Mount Baker Park.
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The Olmsted Brothers liked Schwagerl's work in Kinnear Park and left it relatively unchanged. Seattle's city engineer
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for 18 months, helped prepare Weidenmann's book on landscape gardening, and by 1868 was working as an architect in
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Reserve,'" and urged the park commission to petition the Secretary of Interior to take steps to protect the area.
435:, including building a nursery stocked with over 100,000 plants intended for eventual use in other Seattle parks.
304:
285:
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Schwagerl's first commission in the Pacific Northwest came while he was still working in Cleveland, when banker
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engaged him to design the grounds of the State House, which had remained unfinished due to the Civil War and
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515:
opinion of Schwagerl's talents were summed up with: " seems to be no very considerable artist in his line."
355:
269:
229:
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866:
833:
665:
1316:"Landschaft und Gartenkunst: The German Influence in the Development of Landscape Architecture in America"
479:
404:
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273:
126:
772:
448:
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130:
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Schwagerl returned to private practice in Seattle thereafter, and in 1906 was asked to develop the new
423:
and was responsible for the design of the plantings and other amenities. He also revised the design of
419:
By May 1892, Schwagerl had been named Superintendent of Parks in Seattle. He oversaw the completion of
308:
334:. He served as Superintendent of Parks for Cleveland from January 1883 until his resignation in 1884.
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four corners, as it were, of the city." The four sites he identified include three modern-day parks,
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who travelled to help set up local Theosophist branches and delivered lectures on topics such as
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220:. By 1889 he was living in Tacoma and lived either there or Seattle for the rest of his life.
181:, at age 19 and considered a career as a minister before deciding against it. He served as an
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125:. He designed or contributed to the design of a number of cemeteries and parks, including
1346:"National Register of Historic Places: Seattle's Olmsted Parks and Boulevards (1903–68)"
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307:. During this same period, Schwagerl was working on improving park land belonging to
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79:
1438:"To Take a Better Position: Park Superintendent Schwagerl Resigns to Move to Tacoma"
1125:
303:, and again in 1881 to lay out the grounds and drives of his mansion on Cleveland's
664:
Murphy, D. (April 23, 2015). Murphy, David; Zimmer, Edward F.; Meyer, Lynn (eds.).
420:
213:
146:
1164:
Shaping Seattle Architecture: A Historical Guide to the Architects, Second Edition
260:
Schwagerl was working in and around St. Louis, Missouri, by 1870. Up the river at
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978:
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867:"The Tables Turned: Defendant Instead of Plaintiff Gets a Decree in Divorce Case"
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315:. Following up his work on Riverside Cemetery, he also helped design a chapel at
955:
331:
158:
42:
1033:
Annual Report of the Superintendent of Public Schools of the State of Missouri
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Theosophist, to whom he remained married until his death on January 27, 1910.
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Upon returning to the United States, Schwagerl worked for landscape architect
170:
142:
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1373:
The Lost Dream: Businessmen and City Planning on the Pacific Coast, 1890-1920
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878:
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208:. He moved several times in the following decade, and in 1870 was working in
157:
Schwagerl was born to Leonard and Madaline Schwagerl on January 14, 1842, in
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233:
114:
577:
165:, where he was educated by private tutors. At age 12, he traveled alone to
572:. New York and Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company. 1903. pp. 353–357.
240:, Washington, in 1892 with the aim of establishing a Theosophist colony.
149:
in Seattle, and also proposed a master plan for Seattle's park system.
103:
75:
46:
98:(January 14, 1842 — January 27, 1910), more frequently referred to as
1036:. Vol. 8. Jefferson City: Regan & Carter. 1874. p. 108.
1049:
Historical Review of Riverside Cemetery Association, Cleveland, Ohio
416:
was appointed superintendent to oversee completion of the projects.
403:) on 27 acres that had been donated by Philadelphia-based financier
1285:"Edward Otto Schwagerl and the Golden Age of Seattle Park Planning"
322:
In 1882, Schwagerl designed improvements to Monumental Square (now
438:
He was also an early proponent of extending federal protection to
365:
162:
1254:
Tacoma, Its History and Its Builders; A Half Century of Activity
834:"The Wife's Answer: Schwagerl is the Subject of Counter Charges"
707:(Technical report). Eugene, Oregon: Heritage Research Associates
118:
342:
In March 1878, while Schwagerl was living in Philadelphia, the
1478:. Vol. 42, no. 3. Tacoma, Washington. pp. 14–16
1052:. Cleveland Printing & Publishing Company. 1889. pp.
1344:
Beckner, Chrisanne; Perrin, Natalie K. (December 15, 2016).
1073:. Postcard History Series. Arcadia Publishing. p. 103.
474:
In 1895, Schwagerl was retained to design the site of the
284:
Between 1875 and 1876, Schwagerl worked on the design of
272:). He also worked on the layout of Lindell Boulevard and
264:, he designed the grounds for Mt. Olivet Cemetery, where
431:. He made some of the early improvements to what is now
358:
style, was implemented by April of the following year.
609:. University of South Carolina Press. pp. 88–89.
977:
Irons-Georges, Tracy; Editors of Salem Press (2001).
311:
that was later given to the city and is now known as
907:. Vol. 5, no. 1. San Francisco. p. 14
753:. Vol. 4, no. 1. San Francisco. p. 12
407:. He also surveyed, mapped, and created designs for
85:
71:
53:
28:
21:
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1194:McGinnis, Melissa; Beard-Simpkins, Doreen (2008).
1166:. University of Washington Press. pp. 82–85.
983:. Vol. 2. Chicago: Salem Press. p. 659.
299:hired Schwagerl in 1880 to survey his property at
1278:
1276:
169:with plans to accompany his brother on a trip to
1376:. Ohio State University Press. pp. 99–101.
482:. His job was to design its permanent campus at
924:
922:
779:. Heppner, Oregon. January 7, 1892. p. 3.
560:
558:
556:
693:
691:
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639:"Edward Otto Schwagerl (Landscape Architect)"
8:
1228:Beard-Simpkins, Doreen; Rhind, Bill (2005).
1149:
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1114:. City of Cleveland. 1883. pp. 249–250.
672:. Lincoln: Nebraska State Historical Society
598:
596:
594:
330:on land willed to the city by industrialist
1094:"A Chapel Proposed for Woodland Cemetery".
643:Pacific Coast Architecture Database (PCAD)
113:who served as Superintendent of Parks for
18:
1230:"Narrative History of Port Defiance Park"
958:. Mount Olivet Cemetery Association. 2018
814:. Vol. 12, no. 5. February 1883
670:Place Makers of Nebraska: The Architects
1529:American landscape and garden designers
1514:Bavarian emigrants to the United States
1200:. Images of America. Chicago: Arcadia.
980:America's Historic Sites: Iowa-New York
773:"The Theosophists are Getting Together"
606:Creating the South Carolina State House
552:
532:
378:commissioned him in mid-1879 to design
161:, Bavaria, but lived his early life in
1013:
1003:
471:meant no immediate progress was made.
1351:. State of Washington. pp. 18–25
1283:Mendelson, Kathy (November 9, 2009).
899:Anderson, Jerome, ed. (August 1894).
745:Anderson, Jerome, ed. (August 1893).
701:River View Cemetery Historic Overview
129:and Riverside Cemetery in Cleveland,
7:
212:before moving his firm back east to
1130:. City of Cleveland. 1885. p.
1314:Culbertson, Kurt (June 25, 2005).
14:
1257:. Chicago: S.J. Clarke. pp.
873:. September 21, 1892. p. 5.
1534:People of the American Civil War
1444:. November 22, 1895. p. 8.
1289:Pacific Northwest Garden History
840:. September 1, 1892. p. 5.
698:Kramer, George (October 2011).
216:, and by 1880 he was living in
1411:. August 16, 1895. p. 3.
1154:Rash, David A. (May 1, 2017).
871:The Seattle Post-Intelligencer
191:Exposition Universelle of 1867
1:
1519:American landscape architects
1472:"The campus that almost was"
1470:Finney, John (Spring 2015).
1098:. March 25, 1881. p. 4.
936:. Chicago. February 19, 1910
16:American landscape architect
1405:"The Whatcom Normal School"
1565:
1442:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
1409:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
1370:Blackford, Mansel (1993).
1067:Gregor, Sharon E. (2010).
838:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
777:The Weekly Heppner Gazette
747:"Among the Coast Branches"
645:. University of Washington
666:"E. Schwagerl, Architect"
224:Family and personal life
1524:American urban planners
1156:"Edward Otto Schwägerl"
1070:Rockefeller's Cleveland
905:The Pacific Theosophist
751:The Pacific Theosophist
603:Bryan, John M. (1998).
566:"Edward Otto Schwagerl"
270:Truman State University
1251:Hunt, Herbert (1916).
901:"Notes from the Sound"
480:Puget Sound University
405:Charles Barstow Wright
371:
236:. He briefly moved to
228:Schwagerl was an avid
1539:Artists from Würzburg
1160:Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl
930:"Edward O. Schwagerl"
811:The Vassar Miscellany
476:Whatcom Normal School
369:
202:Hartford, Connecticut
179:Tilton, New Hampshire
96:Edward Otto Schwagerl
1549:Tilton School alumni
1232:. Metro Parks Tacoma
1197:Tacoma's Wright Park
732:United States census
492:Mount Baker Addition
390:) was not accepted.
496:George F. Cotterill
409:Point Defiance Park
380:River View Cemetery
297:John D. Rockefeller
291:Rutherford B. Hayes
210:St. Louis, Missouri
135:Point Defiance Park
123:Seattle, Washington
111:landscape architect
89:Landscape architect
65:Seattle, Washington
1544:History of Seattle
1016:has generic name (
465:Great Seattle Fire
372:
344:Secretary of State
286:Riverside Cemetery
187:American Civil War
139:Tacoma, Washington
1322:on March 21, 2018
1080:978-0-7385-7711-1
637:Michelson, Alan.
498:, as part of the
354:. His design, in
317:Woodland Cemetery
309:William J. Gordon
305:Millionaires' Row
274:Vandeventer Place
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384:Portland, Oregon
198:Jacob Weidenmann
60:
57:January 27, 1910
39:January 14, 1842
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728:"E O Schwagerl"
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