447:
same density at the same time to one observer, they would not appear to be the same density at the same time to another observer. However, if each observer measures its local density at the same agreed-upon proper time, the measured density should be the same. In
Minkowskian coordinates, this constant proper time forms a hyperbolic surface which extends infinitely to the light-cone of the event of creation. This is true even when proper time approaches 0, the time of the creation. The universe is already infinite at the creation time!
451:
the big bang. The spherical distribution is unique in that it is essentially the same after a
Lorentz transformation, except that a different stationary particle is at the center. As it is the only distribution that has this property, it is the only distribution which could satisfy the cosmological principle of "no preferred reference frame." Based on this cosmological principle Milne created a model that can be described entirely within Euclidean geometry.
58:
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355:, a simplifying approximation in which the strength of the absorption of light by the hot ionized gas is the same at all wavelengths. This produced predictions of how temperature varies through the atmosphere, including the mathematical expression now known as the Milne Equation. He also calculated how the intensity of light from a star varies with wavelength on the basis of this model.
358:
Milne moved on to consider the more realistic case where the strength of the absorption of light by gas within stars (expressed by the absorption coefficient) does vary with wavelength. Using simplifying assumptions he calculated how for the Sun the strength of the absorption depends on wavelength.
450:
Milne's model is, therefore, that of a sphere, with an approximately homogeneous matter distribution within several billion light years of the center which then increases to an infinite density. It can be shown that this infinite density is actually the density of the universe when at the time of
446:
Milne argued that under the context of
Einstein's special relativity, and the relativity of simultaneity, that it is impossible for a nonstatic universe to be homogeneous. Namely, if the universe is spreading out, its density is decreasing over time, and that if two regions appeared to be at the
223:
for the
Ministry of munitions working on the ballistics of anti-aircraft gunnery, they became known as âČHill's BrigandsâČ. Later Milne became an expert on sound localisation. In 1917 he became a lieutenant in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve. He was a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge,
424:
was known as
Kinematic Relativity. His theory was built on the special but not general theory of relativity. Because of this it has been described as a "nonrelativistic cosmology". Milneâs theory met with opposition from others but inspired the steady-state theorists.
416:
theory. With McCrea (1934) he also showed that the 3 models which form the foundations of modern cosmology first proposed by
Friedmann (1922) using the general theory of relativity, can also be derived using only Newtonian mechanics.
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As of 1935, using this model, Milne published a prediction of the cosmic background radiation which appears to be of a much different character than that predicted by
Eddington. In fact, many passages in
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Van der Kloot, W.(2011). âłMirrors and smoke: A. V. Hill, his brigands, and the science of anti-aircraft gunnery in world war I.âł Notes Rec. R. Soc. Lond.
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1953:
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in 1914, gaining the largest number of marks which had ever been awarded in the examination. In 1916 he joined a group of mathematicians led by
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physics observatory, 1920â1924, mathematical lecturer at
Trinity, 1924â1925, and university lecturer in astrophysics, 1922â1925. He was
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471:. In 1950, Milne gave ten lectures on Christianity and cosmology for the Edward Cadbury lectures which he was invited to give at the
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Milne worked on the structures and interiors of stars in the late 1920s and early 1930s. He often took opinions opposed to those of
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that the universe has a homogeneous matter distribution. He did not include the gravitation interaction into the model either.
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2005:
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370:, studied how the strengths of spectral lines of stars depend on their spectral type. In doing this they applied the work of
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244:, in 1928. Milne's earlier work was in mathematical astrophysics. Much of his research in the 1930s was concerned with the
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2013:
331:, Ireland, while preparing to give a set of lectures. These can be found written down in one of his last published books:
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of an expanding universe, and the current (Einstein's) model of an expanding universe was that Milne did not assume
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Painter, Alfred W. (1953). "Reviewed Work: Modern
Cosmology and the Christian Idea of God by E. A. Milne".
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1948:
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McCrea, W. H. (1953). "Reviewed Work: Modern
Cosmology and the Christian Idea of God by E. A. Milne".
299:. He married secondly, Beatrice Brevoort Renwick, the third daughter of William Whetten Renwick, on 22
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who held the view that God intervenes with "deft touches" to steer mutations in the right direction.
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1205:"The 1979 Milne Lecture â Edward Arthur Milne: His Part in the Development of Modern Astrophysics"
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252:. His later work, concerned with the interior structure of stars, aroused controversy. Milne was
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The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 5, The Modern Physical and Mathematical Sciences
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and from there he won an open scholarship in mathematics and natural science to study at
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1255:"E. A. Milne (1896â1950) and the Structure of Stellar Atmospheres and Stellar Interiors"
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1551:. Milne was a major player in the cosmological controversies described in this article.
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Reconciling Science and Religion: The Debate in Early-Twentieth-Century Britain
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1974:
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This Newtonian derivation is sometimes incorrectly also ascribed to Friedmann.
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1517:"E.A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics, University of Hull â University of Hull"
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Kinematic relativity; a sequel to Relativity, gravitation and world structure
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1339:; Milne, E. A. (1934). "Newtonian universes and the curvature of space".
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From 1932 he worked on the problem of the "expanding universe" and in
323:, Indiana, United States. Beatrice Brevoort Milne died at Oxford on 28
2028:
468:
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His results could not be explained adequately at the time, but later
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97:
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that produce the radiation observed from the Earth. He considered a
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August 1945, aged just 32 years. Milne died of a heart attack in
256:, 1943â1945. During World War II he again worked on ballistics.
2009:
1408:
The Universe: A Historical Survey of Beliefs, Theories, and Laws
549:
389:
From the early 1930s, Milne's interests focused increasingly on
344:
37:"Arthur Milne" redirects here. For the Scottish footballer, see
1593:
307:, Oxford. William Whetten was the nephew of American architect
2526:
Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
1516:
225:
1589:
363:(H) were shown to be a major contributor to Milne's results.
2536:
Rouse Ball Professors of Mathematics (University of Oxford)
420:
Milne's alternative to general relativity theory based on
343:
In the 1920s much of Milne's research was concerned with
275:, Scotland, was the daughter of Hugh Fraser Campbell, an
181:
1545:
Cosmology: Methodological Debates in the 1930s and 1940s
2566:
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War I
374:
about the ionization of gases to stellar atmospheres.
195:; 14 February 1896 â 21 September 1950) was a British
673:
Milne's definition of local thermodynamic equilibrium
459:
are devoted to attacking Eddington's preconceptions.
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1967:
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Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
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Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
1210:
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
178:
150:
136:
115:
105:
86:
64:
48:
2471:Academics of the Victoria University of Manchester
1003:
966:
291:, was best man. Margaret Scott Milne died on the 5
1534:Beating the Odds: The Life and Times of E.A Milne
835:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
789:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1536:by Meg Weston Smith, in June 2013. Published by
707:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society
283:. Milne's brother, Geoffrey, then a lecturer in
1118:. In Bodenhamer, David J.; et al. (eds.).
920:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
339:Research into stellar atmospheres and structure
1425:
1423:
621:Modern Cosmology and the Christian Idea of God
601:The Fundamental Concepts of Natural Philosophy
554:The E.A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics at the
477:Modern Cosmology and the Christian Idea of God
333:Modern Cosmology and the Christian Idea of God
1605:
1410:. Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 185.
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1173:. No. 50234. 30 August 1945. p. 1.
1156:– via The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis.
8:
2521:Presidents of the Royal Astronomical Society
517:Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
430:Relativity, Gravitation, and World Structure
402:Relativity, Gravitation, and World-Structure
1087:. No. 48651. 25 June 1940. p. 1.
1054:. No. 48643. 15 June 1940. p. 9.
585:Relativity, gravitation and world-structure
457:Relativity, Gravitation and World Structure
259:Milne married Margaret Scott Campbell on 26
254:President of the Royal Astronomical Society
224:1919â1925, being assistant director of the
2571:Military personnel from Kingston upon Hull
1854:
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1612:
1598:
1590:
1554:
617:, New York: Interscience Publishers, 1948.
475:. The lectures were published in the book
56:
45:
1362:
855:
809:
719:
347:, particularly the outer layers known as
30:For other people named Edward Milne, see
27:British astrophysicist and mathematician
1499:. University of Chicago Press. p. 413.
762:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
689:
236:, 1924â1928, before his appointment as
2511:Mathematicians from Kingston upon Hull
1390:. Cambridge University Press. p. 529.
1037:– via British Newspaper Archive.
992:– via British Newspaper Archive.
385:Research into cosmology and relativity
230:Beyer professor of applied mathematics
2501:Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
658:List of science and religion scholars
603:, Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1943.
595:The Inverse Square Law of Gravitation
7:
2476:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
2466:20th-century British mathematicians
2184:TolmanâOppenheimerâVolkoff equation
2137:FriedmannâLemaĂźtreâRobertsonâWalker
1549:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1148:from the original on 13 August 2021
238:Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics
2556:Writers about religion and science
2546:Scientists from Kingston upon Hull
1568:Beyer Chair of Applied Mathematics
977:. Leeds. 27 June 1928. p. 5.
648:Alternatives to general relativity
211:, Yorkshire, England. He attended
25:
2516:People educated at Hymers College
2506:Fellows of Wadham College, Oxford
1954:HamiltonâJacobiâEinstein equation
597:, London: Harrison and Son, 1936.
234:Victoria University of Manchester
141:Victoria University of Manchester
2486:20th-century British astronomers
2432:
2431:
1342:Quarterly Journal of Mathematics
1120:The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis
702:"Edward Arthur Milne. 1896â1950"
609:, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1948.
435:The main difference between the
361:negatively-charged hydrogen ions
174:
915:"Obituary: Edward Arthur Milne"
1761:Massâenergy equivalence (E=mc)
1538:World Scientific Publishing Co
1014:. 10 October 1938. p. 1.
668:Dirac large numbers hypothesis
653:Herbert Dingle § Controversies
1:
267:, Manchester. Campbell, from
32:Edward Milne (disambiguation)
2496:Fellows of the Royal Society
631:Sir James Jeans: A Biography
571:, Berlin: J. Springer, 1930.
1776:Relativistic Doppler effect
1298:"E. A. Milne and Cosmology"
968:"University Professor Weds"
569:Thermodynamics of the Stars
2587:
2247:In computational physics:
1771:Relativity of simultaneity
1011:Aberdeen Press and Journal
635:Cambridge University Press
217:Trinity College, Cambridge
110:Trinity College, Cambridge
36:
29:
2481:British Christian writers
2429:
2084:LenseâThirring precession
1666:Doubly special relativity
1578:
1565:
1557:
1495:Bowler, Peter J. (2001).
1406:Levy, Michael I. (2010).
1114:Divita, James J. (1994).
1048:"Forthcoming Marriages".
160:
129:
55:
39:Arthur Milne (footballer)
1944:Post-Newtonian formalism
1934:Einstein field equations
1870:Mathematical formulation
1694:Hyperbolic orthogonality
1572:University of Manchester
1433:The Mathematical Gazette
1124:Indiana University Press
857:10.1093/mnras/111.2.160a
811:10.1093/mnras/111.2.160a
767:University of St Andrews
678:Saha ionization equation
473:University of Birmingham
1655:Galilean transformation
1646:Principle of relativity
1470:The Journal of Religion
1373:10.1093/qmath/os-5.1.73
483:and published in 1952.
240:and to a fellowship at
2551:Theistic evolutionists
1740:Lorentz transformation
1386:Nye, Mary Jo. (2003).
721:10.1098/rsbm.1951.0010
467:Milne was a Christian
285:agricultural chemistry
242:Wadham College, Oxford
2208:WeylâLewisâPapapetrou
1949:Raychaudhuri equation
1888:Equivalence principle
876:"Edward Arthur Milne"
830:"Edward Arthur Milne"
784:"Edward Arthur Milne"
757:"Edward Arthur Milne"
575:The White Dwarf Stars
488:theistic evolutionist
313:Saints Peter and Paul
2249:Numerical relativity
2090:pulsar timing arrays
753:Robertson, Edmund F.
481:Gerald James Whitrow
404:(1935), proposed an
366:Milne, working with
246:theory of relativity
145:University of Oxford
81:, Yorkshire, England
2561:Royal Navy officers
2541:Royal Medal winners
2141:Friedmann equations
2035:HulseâTaylor binary
1997:Gravitational waves
1893:Riemannian geometry
1719:Proper acceleration
1704:Maxwell's equations
1650:Galilean relativity
1355:1934QJMat...5...73M
1316:1996QJRAS..37..365W
1273:1996QJRAS..37..355T
1223:1980QJRAS..21...93C
933:1951JBAA...61R..75.
894:1950Obs....70..225M
848:1951MNRAS.111R.160.
802:1951MNRAS.111R.160.
751:O'Connor, John J.;
614:Vectorial Mechanics
349:stellar atmospheres
289:University of Leeds
199:and mathematician.
167:Edward Arthur Milne
2531:Relativity critics
2491:English physicists
2190:ReissnerâNordström
2108:BransâDicke theory
1939:Linearized gravity
1766:Length contraction
1684:Frame of reference
1661:Special relativity
927:(3): 75â77. 1951.
556:University of Hull
548:, a crater on the
414:general relativity
305:St Andrew's Church
207:Milne was born in
79:Kingston upon Hull
2443:
2442:
2257:
2256:
2236:OzsvĂĄthâSchĂŒcking
1842:
1841:
1824:Minkowski diagram
1781:Thomas precession
1724:Relativistic mass
1588:
1587:
1579:Succeeded by
1416:978-1-61530-055-6
1201:Chandrasekhar, S.
1133:978-0-253-31222-8
1116:"General Entries"
663:Blanketing effect
391:relativity theory
309:James Renwick Jr.
164:
163:
151:Doctoral students
131:Scientific career
90:21 September 1950
16:(Redirected from
2578:
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2218:van Stockum dust
1990:Two-body problem
1908:Mach's principle
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1796:Terrell rotation
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1558:Preceded by
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1440:(370): 137â139.
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1126:. p. 1216.
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888:(859): 225â232.
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379:Arthur Eddington
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295:October 1938 at
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124:Degenerate stars
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75:14 February 1896
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2157:BKL singularity
2147:LemaĂźtreâTolman
2122:
2118:Quantum gravity
2100:
2094:
2080:geodetic effect
2054:(together with
2024:LISA Pathfinder
1963:
1912:
1898:Penrose diagram
1880:
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1838:
1834:Minkowski space
1800:
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1728:
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1582:Douglas Hartree
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1543:Gale, George, "
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826:Plaskett, H. H.
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714:(20): 420â426.
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625:Clarendon Press
589:Clarendon Press
579:Clarendon Press
565:
542:
540:Named after him
501:
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465:
463:Religious views
433:
410:Albert Einstein
387:
368:Ralph H. Fowler
353:grey atmosphere
341:
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311:, and designed
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106:Alma mater
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18:E. Arthur Milne
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2210:
2205:
2196:Axisymmetric:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2135:Cosmological:
2132:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2076:frame-dragging
2073:
2068:
2063:
2060:Einstein rings
2056:Einstein cross
2049:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2003:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1959:Ernst equation
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1929:BSSN formalism
1926:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1861:
1859:
1852:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1786:Ladder paradox
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1689:Speed of light
1686:
1680:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1633:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1564:
1561:Sydney Chapman
1559:
1553:
1552:
1541:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1508:
1488:
1483:10.1086/484426
1459:
1419:
1399:
1379:
1328:
1310:(3): 365â367.
1294:Whitrow, G. J.
1285:
1267:(3): 355â363.
1235:
1192:
1159:
1132:
1106:
1073:
1040:
995:
958:
945:
906:
863:
842:(2): 170â172.
817:
796:(2): 160â170.
771:
743:
688:
687:
685:
682:
681:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
643:
640:
639:
638:
628:
618:
610:
604:
598:
592:
582:
572:
564:
563:Books by Milne
561:
560:
559:
552:
541:
538:
537:
536:
530:
520:
514:
508:
500:
497:
495:
492:
464:
461:
432:
427:
386:
383:
340:
337:
317:Roman Catholic
213:Hymers College
204:
201:
197:astrophysicist
162:
161:
158:
157:
155:Thomas Cowling
152:
148:
147:
138:
134:
133:
127:
126:
117:
116:Known for
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
96:
94:(aged 54)
88:
84:
83:
77:
66:
62:
61:
53:
52:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2583:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2438:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2329:Chandrasekhar
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2289:Schwarzschild
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2175:Schwarzschild
2172:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2071:Shapiro delay
2069:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:collaboration
2011:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:Event horizon
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:ADM formalism
1922:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1845:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Biquaternions
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1756:Time dilation
1754:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:Proper length
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1505:0-226-06858-7
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1396:0-521-57243-6
1393:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1337:McCrea, W. H.
1332:
1329:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1251:Tayler, R. J.
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1224:
1220:
1217:(2): 93â107.
1216:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1160:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1081:"Marriages".
1077:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1041:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1006:
999:
996:
984:
980:
976:
975:
974:Leeds Mercury
969:
962:
959:
955:
949:
946:
934:
930:
926:
922:
921:
916:
910:
907:
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:
877:
873:
872:McCrea, W. H.
867:
864:
858:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
836:
831:
827:
821:
818:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
790:
785:
781:
780:McCrea, W. H.
775:
772:
768:
764:
763:
758:
754:
747:
744:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:
717:
713:
709:
708:
703:
699:
698:McCrea, W. H.
693:
690:
683:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
645:
641:
636:
632:
629:
626:
622:
619:
616:
615:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
586:
583:
580:
576:
573:
570:
567:
566:
562:
558:(opened 2015)
557:
553:
551:
547:
544:
543:
539:
534:
531:
528:
524:
523:Royal Society
521:
518:
515:
512:
511:Smith's Prize
509:
506:
503:
502:
498:
493:
491:
489:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
462:
460:
458:
452:
448:
444:
442:
438:
431:
428:
426:
423:
418:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
384:
382:
380:
375:
373:
369:
364:
362:
356:
354:
350:
346:
338:
336:
334:
330:
322:
319:cathedral in
318:
314:
310:
306:
303:June 1940 at
298:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
263:June 1928 at
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
218:
214:
210:
202:
200:
198:
192:
171:
168:
159:
156:
153:
149:
146:
142:
139:
135:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
99:
89:
85:
80:
67:
63:
59:
54:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2419:
2318:
2113:KaluzaâKlein
1865:Introduction
1791:Twin paradox
1566:
1511:
1496:
1491:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1437:
1431:
1407:
1402:
1387:
1382:
1346:
1340:
1331:
1319:. Retrieved
1307:
1301:
1288:
1276:. Retrieved
1264:
1258:
1226:. Retrieved
1214:
1208:
1195:
1168:
1162:
1150:. Retrieved
1119:
1109:
1082:
1076:
1049:
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1009:
998:
986:. Retrieved
972:
961:
953:
948:
924:
918:
909:
897:. Retrieved
885:
879:
866:
839:
833:
820:
793:
787:
774:
760:
746:
711:
705:
692:
630:
620:
612:
606:
600:
594:
584:
574:
568:
486:Milne was a
485:
479:, edited by
476:
466:
456:
453:
449:
445:
440:
434:
429:
419:
401:
399:
388:
376:
372:Meghnad Saha
365:
357:
342:
332:
321:Indianapolis
258:
206:
166:
165:
137:Institutions
130:
92:(1950-09-21)
50:Arthur Milne
43:
2461:1950 deaths
2456:1896 births
2202:KerrâNewman
2173:Spherical:
2042:Other tests
1985:Singularity
1917:Formulation
1879:Fundamental
1733:Formulation
1714:Proper time
1675:Fundamental
1068:CS151729871
533:Bruce Medal
527:Royal Medal
437:Milne model
406:alternative
120:Milne model
2450:Categories
2354:Zel'dovich
2262:Scientists
2241:Alcubierre
2048:of Mercury
2046:precession
1975:Black hole
1858:Background
1850:relativity
1819:World line
1814:Light cone
1639:Background
1631:relativity
1621:Relativity
1576:1925â1928
1528:References
1477:(2): 156.
1187:CS17252638
1167:"Deaths".
1101:CS17118937
983:1016307518
956:: 393â410.
936:Retrieved
623:, Oxford:
587:, Oxford:
577:, Oxford:
422:kinematics
273:Sutherland
265:Withington
221:A. V. Hill
71:1896-02-14
2324:Robertson
2309:Friedmann
2304:Eddington
2294:de Sitter
2128:Solutions
2006:detectors
2001:astronomy
1968:Phenomena
1903:Geodesics
1806:Spacetime
1749:Phenomena
1359:CiteSeerX
1349:: 73â80.
1179:0140-0460
1170:The Times
1152:13 August
1142:940538156
1093:0140-0460
1084:The Times
1060:0140-0460
1051:The Times
1033:13 August
1028:271459455
1020:2632-1165
988:13 August
738:192057220
395:cosmology
250:cosmology
203:Biography
100:, Ireland
2437:Category
2314:LemaĂźtre
2279:Einstein
2269:Poincaré
2229:Others:
2213:TaubâNUT
2179:interior
2101:theories
2099:Advanced
2066:redshift
1881:concepts
1699:Rapidity
1677:concepts
1296:(1996).
1253:(1996).
1203:(1980).
1146:Archived
1005:"Deaths"
874:(1950).
828:(1951).
782:(1951).
700:(1951).
642:See also
441:a priori
335:(1952).
281:Aberdeen
277:advocate
2379:Hawking
2374:Penrose
2359:Novikov
2339:Wheeler
2284:Hilbert
2274:Lorentz
2231:pp-wave
2052:lensing
1848:General
1629:Special
1454:3608962
1351:Bibcode
1321:12 June
1312:Bibcode
1278:12 June
1269:Bibcode
1228:12 June
1219:Bibcode
938:10 June
929:Bibcode
899:10 June
890:Bibcode
844:Bibcode
798:Bibcode
637:, 1952.
627:, 1952.
591:, 1935.
581:, 1932.
494:Honours
287:at the
269:Dornoch
2420:others
2409:Thorne
2399:Misner
2384:Taylor
2369:Geroch
2364:Ehlers
2334:Zwicky
2152:Kasner
1503:
1452:
1414:
1394:
1361:
1185:
1177:
1140:
1130:
1099:
1091:
1066:
1058:
1026:
1018:
981:
736:
730:769028
728:
535:(1945)
529:(1941)
519:(1935)
513:(1922)
507:(1918)
499:Awards
469:theist
329:Dublin
325:
301:
297:Oxford
293:
261:
98:Dublin
2414:Weiss
2394:Bondi
2389:Hulse
2319:Milne
2223:discs
2167:Milne
2162:Gödel
2019:Virgo
1450:JSTOR
734:S2CID
726:JSTOR
684:Notes
546:Milne
345:stars
226:solar
2349:Kerr
2299:Weyl
2198:Kerr
2058:and
2012:and
2010:LIGO
1501:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1323:2016
1280:2016
1230:2016
1183:Gale
1175:ISSN
1154:2021
1138:OCLC
1128:ISBN
1097:Gale
1089:ISSN
1064:Gale
1056:ISSN
1035:2021
1024:OCLC
1016:ISSN
990:2021
979:OCLC
940:2016
901:2016
550:Moon
393:and
315:, a
248:and
209:Hull
87:Died
65:Born
2404:Yau
2029:GEO
1570:at
1547:,"
1479:doi
1442:doi
1369:doi
852:doi
840:111
806:doi
794:111
716:doi
525:'s
505:MBE
412:'s
408:to
279:in
170:FRS
2452::
2078:/
2044::
1999::
1475:33
1473:.
1448:.
1438:37
1436:.
1422:^
1367:.
1357:.
1345:.
1308:37
1306:.
1300:.
1265:37
1263:.
1257:.
1238:^
1215:21
1213:.
1207:.
1181:.
1144:.
1136:.
1095:.
1062:.
1022:.
1008:.
971:.
954:65
925:61
923:.
917:.
886:70
884:.
878:.
850:.
838:.
832:.
804:.
792:.
786:.
765:,
759:,
755:,
732:.
724:.
710:.
704:.
633:,
397:.
381:.
271:,
232:,
2204:)
2200:(
2186:)
2177:(
2143:)
2139:(
2086:)
2082:(
2062:)
2031:)
2008:(
1657:)
1648:(
1613:e
1606:t
1599:v
1540:.
1519:.
1485:.
1481::
1456:.
1444::
1375:.
1371::
1353::
1347:5
1325:.
1314::
1282:.
1271::
1232:.
1221::
1189:.
1103:.
1070:.
942:.
931::
903:.
892::
860:.
854::
846::
814:.
808::
800::
740:.
718::
712:7
191:/
188:n
185:l
182:ÉȘ
179:m
176:/
172:(
73:)
69:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
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