36:
555:
or Epioi inscription as
Eteocretan, but some scholars deem it to be a modern forgery. They base their assessment on the fact that the inscription has five words, which bear no obvious resemblance to the language of the Dreros and Praisos inscriptions, apparently written in the Ionic alphabet of the
564:
Guarducci included three other fragmentary inscriptions; two of these fragments were also discussed by Yves Duhoux. The latter also discussed several other fragmentary inscriptions which might be
Eteocretan. All these inscriptions, however, are so very fragmentary that it really is not possible to
482:
The longer of these two inscriptions was found in the autumn of 1936 but not published until 1946. The Greek part of the text is very worn and could not easily be read. Almost certainly with modern technology the Greek part would yield more but the inscription was lost during the occupation of the
295:, are clearly not Greek. These inscriptions date from the late 7th or early 6th century down to the 3rd century BC. The language, which so far cannot be translated, is probably a survival of a language spoken on Crete before the arrival of the proto-Greek language and is probably derived from the
603:= Dorian Cretan ἔϝαδε (= classical Greek ἅδε, third singular aorist of ἅνδάνω) "it pleased ", i. e. "it was decided ". The word ἔϝαδε occurs in the Greek part of the bilingual text, and all but one of the other Greek texts from the Delphinion in Dreros.
314:(almost certainly a syllabary) and in the Linear A script. Yves Duhoux, a leading authority on Eteocretan, has stated that "it is essential to rigorously separate the study of Eteocretan from that of the 'hieroglyphic' and Linear A inscriptions".
532:
which is still written in the archaic Cretan style; it probably dates from the 4th century BC. The third inscription, dating probably from the 3rd century BC, is written in the standard Ionic alphabet with the addition of
521:
The earliest of these inscriptions is, like the Dreros one, written in the archaic Cretan alphabet and likewise dates from the late 7th or early 6th century BC. The second of the
Praisos inscriptions is written in the
1867:
694:, that language must also remain unclassified and the question of a relationship between the two remains speculative, especially as there seem to have been other non-Greek languages spoken in Crete.
675:, coining the name "Aegeo-Asianic" for the proposed language family. This proposed group of languages is supported by G.M. Facchetti and S. Yatsemirsky, and was suggested to have a link to the
613:
Also, Van
Effenterree noted that the word τυρό(ν) ("cheese") seems to occur twice in the Greek part of the first Dreros bilingual and suggested the text concerned the offering of goat cheese to
471:
and date from the late seventh or early sixth century BC. They record official religious and political decisions and probably came from the east wall of the
Delphinion; they were published by
556:
third century BC, with the addition of three symbols which resemble the Linear A script of more than a millennium earlier. Their reasoning has since been challenged as unsubstantiated.
2092:
581:
The early inscriptions written in the archaic Cretan alphabet do mark word division; the same goes for the two longer inscriptions from the fourth and third centuries BC.
518:. Raymond A. Brown, who examined these inscriptions in the summer of 1976, has published them online with slightly different transcriptions than those given by Guarducci.
463:
The two bilingual inscriptions, together with six other Greek inscriptions, were found in the western part of the large
Hellenistic cistern next to the east wall of the
303:
inscriptions of a millennium earlier. Since that language remains undeciphered, it is not certain that
Eteocretan and Minoan are related, although this is very likely.
2097:
1200:
1917:
490:
The other Dreros inscription was also published by Van
Effenterre in 1946. The Eteocretan part of the text has disappeared, only the fragment τυπρμηριηια (
2067:
1857:
1163:
Papakitsos, Evangelos and
Kenanidis, Ioannis, "The Eteocretan Inscription from Psychro (Crete) is Genuine", Anistoriton Journal, vol. 14 (2014-2015).
635:
The other two
Praisos inscriptions do not show word breaks. It has, however, been noted that in the second line of the fourth century inscription is
596:
seem to show that /n/ and /l/ could be syllabic. As to the meanings of the words, nothing can be said with any certainty. Van Effenterre suggested:
686:
While Eteocretan is possibly descended from the Minoan language of the Linear A inscriptions of a millennium earlier, until there is an accepted
1072:
1041:
1157:
683:. In whichever case, unless further inscriptions, especially bilingual ones, are found, the Eteocretan language must remain 'unclassified.'
2077:
2072:
2082:
703:
1940:
1193:
1782:
1770:
325:, after returning home and pretending to be a grandson of Minos, tells his wife Penelope about his alleged homeland of Crete:
1847:
663:. Raymond A. Brown, after listing a number of words of pre-Greek origin from Crete suggests a relation between Eteocretan,
1997:
1987:
1982:
1675:
1459:
1454:
523:
1827:
2062:
2002:
1972:
1852:
1950:
1291:
1186:
676:
35:
1619:
451:
with Greek. Three more fragments may be Eteocretan. The Eteocretan corpus is documented and discussed in Duhoux's
2017:
2012:
2007:
1875:
1797:
1792:
1448:
1434:
1209:
755:
1558:
1842:
1787:
1388:
1277:
435:
Indeed, more than half the known Eteocretan texts are from Praisos (Strabo's Πρᾶσος); the others were found at
419:
Of them Staphylos says that the Dorians occupy the region towards the east, the Kydones the western part, the
310:
is sometimes applied to the Minoan language (or languages) written more than a millennium earlier in so-called
2087:
1656:
1551:
1501:
1480:
1471:
1353:
1270:
1230:
760:
648:
468:
160:
306:
Ancient testimony suggests that the language is that of the Eteocretans (meaning 'true Cretans'). The term
1812:
1807:
1572:
1544:
1535:
1494:
1565:
1964:
1837:
1817:
1360:
1298:
448:
256:
88:
655:
languages; the language appears to have no obvious relation to any other known ancient language of the
639:(φραισοι ιναι), and it has been suggested that it means "it pleased the Praisians" (ἔϝαδε Πραισίοις).
1945:
1935:
1925:
1775:
1629:
1442:
1326:
728:
507:
1992:
1765:
1750:
1685:
1487:
1409:
1312:
1263:
1221:
672:
1726:
1680:
1595:
1590:
1585:
708:
472:
311:
1930:
1907:
1902:
1880:
1822:
1600:
1523:
1416:
1153:
1068:
1037:
652:
768:
1892:
1885:
1832:
1760:
1755:
1712:
1705:
1635:
1579:
1517:
1423:
1395:
1381:
1367:
1284:
1256:
1244:
1237:
718:
664:
361:
291:
In eastern Crete, about half a dozen inscriptions have been found, which, though written in
191:
404:τούτων φησὶ Στάφυλος τὸ μὲν πρὸς ἔω Δοριεῖς κατέχειν, τὸ δὲ δυσμικόν Κύδωνας, τὸ δὲ νότιον
1719:
1670:
1624:
1507:
1402:
1374:
1333:
1250:
723:
668:
296:
106:
80:
20:
1173:
1897:
1665:
680:
476:
423:
the southern, whose town is Prasos, where the temple of Diktaian Zeus is; and that the
292:
281:
245:
124:
117:
749:
176:
2056:
970:
153:
1802:
1610:
1344:
687:
609:= καθαρὸν γένοιτο in the Greek part of the inscription, i. e. "may it become pure".
484:
1058:
1031:
647:
Though meager, the inscriptions show a language that bears no obvious kinship to
958:Μεγάλαι Νῆσοι. Studi dedicati a Giovanni Rizza per il suo ottantesimo compleanno
1178:
1977:
1696:
1646:
1512:
660:
656:
381:
1060:
Opyt sravnitel'nogo opisaniya minoyskogo, etrusskogo i rodstvennyh im yazykov
467:, at a depth between three and four metres. The texts are all written in the
396:
noted the following about the settlement of the different 'tribes' of Crete:
1087:
Mellaart, James (1975), "The Neolithic of the Near East" (Thames and Hudson)
515:
277:
169:
137:
1065:
Tentative Comparative Description of Minoan, Etruscan and Related Languages
573:
The inscriptions are too few to give much information about the language.
144:
713:
691:
408:ὧν εἶναι πολίχνιον Πρᾶσον, ὅπου τὸ τοῦ Δικταίου Διὸς ἱερόν· τοὺς μὲν οὖν
322:
300:
514:, in 1942. The inscriptions are archived in the Archeological Museum at
23:, the language written in Linear A a millennium earlier than Eteocretan.
1213:
552:
534:
377:
371:
53:
628:
The only clearly complete word on the earliest Praisos inscription is
447:
There are five inscriptions which are clearly Eteocretan, two of them
1305:
1122:
Evidence for pre-Greek speech on Crete from Greek alphabetic sources.
1018:
Evidence for pre-Greek speech on Crete from Greek alphabetic sources.
528:
464:
436:
393:
261:
49:
506:
The other three certain Eteocretan inscriptions were published by
285:
63:
954:
The "Bilingual" inscription from Psychro (Crete). A coup de grâce
617:, the mother goddess of the Delphinion triad, and that the words
412:καὶ Κύδωνας αὐτόχθονας ὑπάρξαι εἰκός, τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς ἐπήλυδας,
1113:
Raymond A. Brown, "The Eteocretan Inscription from Psychro," in
1033:
Creta Minoica: Sulle tracce delle più antiche scritture d'Europa
926:
Raymond A. Brown, "The Eteocretan Inscription from Psychro," in
614:
1182:
427:
and Kydones are probably indigenous, but the others incomers,
354:
There is a land called Crete in the midst of the wine-dark sea,
398:
327:
224:
218:
197:
249:
971:"The Eteocretan Inscription from Psychro (Crete) is Genuine"
915:
Minoica: Festschrift zum 80. Geburstag von Johannes Sundwall
233:
206:
203:
1138:, third series, vol. 20, issue 2 (1946), pp. 131–138.
1067:] (in Russian). Moscow: Yazyki slavyanskoy kul'tury.
487:. Despite searches over 70 years, it has not been found.
625:
were related words with the meaning of "(goat) cheese".
584:
From the Dreros inscriptions are the following words:
360:
Language with language is mingled together. There are
883:
881:
875:, third series, vol. 20, issue 2 (1946), pp. 131–138.
565:
state with any certainty that they may not be Greek.
356:
a beautiful and fertile land, seagirt; in it are many
230:
212:
194:
236:
221:
215:
200:
1963:
1916:
1866:
1739:
1694:
1654:
1645:
1609:
1534:
1470:
1433:
1343:
1220:
209:
167:
151:
135:
130:
114:
99:
77:
69:
59:
45:
28:
867:
865:
863:
861:
748:
586:et isalabre komn men inai isaluria lmo tuprmēriēia
465:Delphinion (temple of Apollo Delphinios) in Dreros
268:, lit. "true Cretans", itself composed from ἐτεός
358:people, innumerable, and there are ninety cities.
512:Inscriptiones Creticae, Tituli Cretae Orientalis
475:in 1937 and 1946 and were kept in the museum at
913:Spyridon Marinatos, "Γραμμάτων διδασκάλια", in
339:ἄλλη δ' ἄλλων γλῶσσα μεμιγμένη· ἐν μὲν Ἀχαιοί,
1194:
632:, and there is no indication of its meaning.
8:
2038:Families with more than 30 languages are in
1030:Facchetti, Giulio M.; Negri, Mario (2003).
821:
819:
817:
335:καλὴ καὶ πίειρα, περίρρυτος· ἐν δ' ἄνθρωποι
2093:Languages attested from the 7th century BC
1743:
1651:
1201:
1187:
1179:
333:Κρήτη τις γαῖ' ἔστι μέσῳ ἐνὶ οἴνοπι πόντῳ,
34:
25:
1117:, vol. 17, issue 1 (1978), p. 43 ff.
453:L'Étéocrétois: les textes—la langue
337:πολλοί, ἀπειρέσιοι, καὶ ἐννήκοντα πόληες.
1020:Adolf M. Hakkert, Amsterdam 1985, p. 289
2098:Languages extinct in the 3rd century BC
740:
560:Other possible fragmentary inscriptions
392:In the first century AD the geographer
347:Δωριέες τε τριχάϊκες δῖοί τε Πελασγοί.
1150:L'Étéocrétois: les textes – la langue.
840:L'Étéocrétois: les textes – la langue.
783:L'Étéocrétois: les textes – la langue.
1129:Bulletin de correspondance hellénique
1036:(in Italian). Firenze: L.S. Olschki.
960:, vol. 1. Catania 2004 , pp. 255–261.
889:Bulletin de correspondance hellénique
7:
1145:vol. 3. Rome 1942, pp. 134–142.
930:, vol. 17, issue 1 (1978), p. 43 ff.
769:participating institution membership
785:J. C. Gieben, Amsterdam 1982, p. 8.
40:Eteocretan Inscription from Praisos
704:Combinatorial method (linguistics)
14:
1124:Adolf M. Hakkert, Amsterdam 1985.
2068:Unclassified languages of Europe
1131:, vol. 70 (1946), p. 602 f.
551:Some publications also list the
380:in their three clans, and noble
190:
1057:Yatsemirsky, Sergei A. (2011).
829:vol. 3. Rome 1942, pp. 134–142.
1152:J. C. Gieben, Amsterdam 1982.
1:
842:J. C. Gieben, Amsterdam 1982.
679:of Anatolia by archaeologist
262:
2078:Extinct languages of Europe
2073:Pre-Indo-European languages
891:, vol. 70 (1946), p. 602 f.
677:pre-Indo-European languages
345:μεγαλήτορες, ἐν δὲ Κύδωνες,
280:language attested in a few
16:Pre-Greek language in Crete
2114:
2083:Languages of ancient Crete
1858:Chukotko-Kamchatkan–Amuric
250:
18:
2026:
1746:
756:Oxford English Dictionary
33:
1134:Henri Van Effenterre in
1127:Henri Van Effenterre in
952:Charalambos B. Kritzas,
887:Henri Van Effenterre in
871:Henri Van Effenterre in
366:there are great-hearted
284:inscriptions of ancient
19:Not to be confused with
2035:have no living members.
1918:East and Southeast Asia
1143:Inscriptiones Creticae,
827:Inscriptiones Creticae,
761:Oxford University Press
524:standard Ionic alphabet
510:in the third volume of
469:archaic Cretan alphabet
73:late 7th–3rd century BC
1174:Eteocretan text corpus
917:, Berlin 1958, p. 227.
417:
402:
352:
331:
312:Cretan 'hieroglyphics'
1141:Margarita Guarducci:
956:, in R. Gigli (ed.),
825:Margarita Guarducci:
318:Ancient Greek sources
729:Eteocypriot language
508:Margherita Guarducci
473:Henri Van Effenterre
2063:Eteocretan language
1676:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
1460:Northwest Caucasian
1455:Northeast Caucasian
1136:Revue de Philologie
873:Revue de Philologie
759:(Online ed.).
1941:Austronesian–Ongan
1740:Proposed groupings
1120:Raymond A. Brown,
1016:Raymond A. Brown,
798:19, lines 172–177.
709:Cretan hieroglyphs
2050:
2049:
1959:
1958:
1951:Sino-Austronesian
1735:
1734:
1210:Language families
1074:978-5-9551-0479-9
1043:978-88-222-5291-3
767:(Subscription or
439:(modern Driros).
433:
432:
390:
389:
299:preserved in the
276:"Cretan") is the
259:
183:
182:
2105:
2018:Proto-Euphratean
1744:
1652:
1620:Great Andamanese
1203:
1196:
1189:
1180:
1101:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1027:
1021:
1014:
1008:
1001:
995:
988:
982:
981:
979:
977:
967:
961:
950:
944:
937:
931:
924:
918:
911:
905:
898:
892:
885:
876:
869:
856:
849:
843:
836:
830:
823:
812:
805:
799:
792:
786:
779:
773:
772:
764:
752:
745:
719:Aegean languages
399:
328:
272:"true" and Κρής
267:
255:
253:
252:
243:
242:
239:
238:
235:
232:
227:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
179:
163:
147:
140:
120:
83:
38:
26:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2022:
2013:Paleo-Laplandic
2008:Pre-Finno-Ugric
1955:
1912:
1876:Greater Siangic
1862:
1848:Uralic–Yukaghir
1798:Ibero-Caucasian
1793:Elamo-Dravidian
1731:
1690:
1641:
1605:
1530:
1466:
1449:North Caucasian
1429:
1339:
1278:Paleo-Sardinian
1216:
1207:
1170:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1011:
1002:
998:
989:
985:
975:
973:
969:
968:
964:
951:
947:
938:
934:
925:
921:
912:
908:
899:
895:
886:
879:
870:
859:
850:
846:
837:
833:
824:
815:
806:
802:
793:
789:
780:
776:
766:
747:
746:
742:
737:
724:Minoan language
700:
645:
579:
571:
562:
549:
504:
461:
445:
429:
414:
386:
375:
365:
359:
357:
355:
349:
346:
340:
338:
336:
334:
320:
297:Minoan language
293:Greek alphabets
229:
193:
189:
175:
159:
156:
143:
136:
121:
116:
110:
102:
95:
84:
81:Language family
79:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2111:
2109:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2088:Archaic Greece
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2055:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1843:Uralo-Siberian
1840:
1835:
1830:
1828:Serbi–Mongolic
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1788:Dravido-Korean
1785:
1783:Dené–Yeniseian
1780:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1771:Dené–Caucasian
1768:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1709:
1701:
1699:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1614:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1540:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1476:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1445:
1439:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1389:Hurro-Urartian
1385:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1349:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1271:Paleo-Corsican
1267:
1260:
1253:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1226:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1168:External links
1166:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1089:
1080:
1073:
1049:
1042:
1022:
1009:
996:
983:
962:
945:
932:
919:
906:
893:
877:
857:
844:
831:
813:
800:
787:
774:
739:
738:
736:
733:
732:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
699:
696:
681:James Mellaart
644:
643:Classification
641:
611:
610:
604:
578:
575:
570:
567:
561:
558:
548:
545:
503:
496:
460:
457:
444:
441:
431:
430:
415:
388:
387:
350:
319:
316:
181:
180:
173:
165:
164:
157:
152:
149:
148:
141:
133:
132:
131:Language codes
128:
127:
125:Greek alphabet
122:
118:Writing system
115:
112:
111:
105:
103:
100:
97:
96:
94:
93:
87:
85:
78:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
47:
46:Native to
43:
42:
39:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2110:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:Eskimo–Uralic
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:Paleosiberian
1653:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1552:Austroasiatic
1549:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1502:Austroasiatic
1499:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1481:Indo-European
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1354:Indo-European
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1231:Indo-European
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1158:90 70265 05 2
1155:
1151:
1148:Yves Duhoux:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1007:, pp. 87–124.
1006:
1000:
997:
993:
987:
984:
972:
966:
963:
959:
955:
949:
946:
943:, pp. 87–111.
942:
936:
933:
929:
923:
920:
916:
910:
907:
903:
897:
894:
890:
884:
882:
878:
874:
868:
866:
864:
862:
858:
854:
848:
845:
841:
838:Yves Duhoux:
835:
832:
828:
822:
820:
818:
814:
810:
804:
801:
797:
791:
788:
784:
781:Yves Duhoux:
778:
775:
770:
762:
758:
757:
751:
744:
741:
734:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
697:
695:
693:
689:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
667:(Pelasgian),
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
649:Indo-European
642:
640:
638:
637:phraisoi inai
633:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
608:
605:
602:
599:
598:
597:
595:
591:
587:
582:
576:
574:
568:
566:
559:
557:
554:
546:
544:
542:
541:
537:
531:
530:
526:, except for
525:
519:
517:
513:
509:
501:
497:
495:
494:) remaining.
493:
488:
486:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
458:
456:
454:
450:
442:
440:
438:
428:
426:
422:
416:
413:
411:
407:
401:
400:
397:
395:
385:
383:
379:
373:
369:
363:
351:
348:
344:
330:
329:
326:
324:
317:
315:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
265:
258:
247:
241:
187:
178:
174:
172:
171:
166:
162:
158:
155:
154:Linguist List
150:
146:
142:
139:
134:
129:
126:
123:
119:
113:
108:
104:
98:
92:
91:
90:
86:
82:
76:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
55:
51:
48:
44:
37:
32:
27:
22:
2039:
2032:
2031:Families in
1988:Pre-Goidelic
1983:Pre-Germanic
1813:Indo-Semitic
1808:Indo-Pacific
1803:Indo-Hittite
1718:
1711:
1704:
1634:
1611:Indian Ocean
1578:
1573:Austronesian
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1545:Sino-Tibetan
1543:
1522:
1500:
1495:Sino-Tibetan
1493:
1486:
1479:
1447:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1332:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1299:North Picene
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1097:
1092:
1083:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1032:
1025:
1017:
1012:
1004:
999:
994:, pp. 80–85.
991:
986:
974:. Retrieved
965:
957:
953:
948:
940:
935:
927:
922:
914:
909:
904:, pp. 55–79.
901:
896:
888:
872:
855:, pp. 27–53.
852:
847:
839:
834:
826:
808:
803:
795:
790:
782:
777:
754:
750:"Eteocretan"
743:
688:decipherment
685:
646:
636:
634:
629:
627:
622:
618:
612:
606:
600:
593:
589:
585:
583:
580:
572:
563:
550:
539:
535:
527:
520:
511:
505:
499:
491:
489:
485:World War II
481:
462:
452:
446:
443:Inscriptions
434:
424:
420:
418:
409:
405:
403:
391:
370:, there are
367:
353:
342:
332:
321:
307:
305:
290:
273:
269:
263:
185:
184:
168:
109:(contested)
89:unclassified
1838:Ural-Altaic
1818:Indo-Uralic
1630:Sentinelese
1361:Afroasiatic
1327:Eteocypriot
1096:Y. Duhoux,
1003:Y. Duhoux,
990:Y. Duhoux,
939:Y. Duhoux,
900:Y. Duhoux,
851:Y. Duhoux,
809:Geographika
607:tuprmēriēia
569:Description
492:tuprmēriēia
425:Eteocretans
421:Eteocretans
368:Eteocretans
2057:Categories
1978:Pre-Celtic
1946:East Asian
1936:Austro-Tai
1926:Andamanese
1776:Eurasiatic
1697:North Asia
1647:North Asia
1559:Hmong–Mien
1513:Burushaski
1472:South Asia
1443:Kartvelian
1410:Philistine
1320:Eteocretan
1264:Tartessian
1108:Literature
771:required.)
735:References
673:Tyrrhenian
661:Asia Minor
483:island in
410:Ἐτεόκρητας
406:Ἐτεόκρητας
382:Pelasgians
343:Ἐτεόκρητες
308:Eteocretan
282:alphabetic
264:Eteókrētes
251:Ἐτεόκρητες
186:Eteocretan
101:Early form
29:Eteocretan
2003:Pre-Vedic
1993:Pre-Greek
1965:Substrata
1868:Arunachal
1766:Nostratic
1751:Alarodian
1686:Yeniseian
1536:East Asia
1488:Dravidian
1345:West Asia
1313:Tyrsenian
1098:op. cit.,
516:Heraklion
498:Praisos (
449:bilingual
278:pre-Greek
257:translit.
170:Glottolog
138:ISO 639-3
1998:Vasconic
1973:Atlantic
1727:Eskaleut
1681:Yukaghir
1596:Koreanic
1591:Tungusic
1586:Mongolic
1524:Harappan
1435:Caucasus
1417:Sumerian
1292:Ligurian
1005:op. cit.
992:op. cit.
976:30 March
941:op. cit.
902:op. cit.
853:op. cit.
811:10, 475.
807:Strabo,
714:Linear A
698:See also
692:Linear A
623:isaluria
619:isalabre
502:Praesos)
477:Neapolis
362:Akhaians
323:Odysseus
301:Linear A
177:eteo1236
2033:italics
1931:Austric
1908:Kho-Bwa
1903:Hrusish
1881:Siangic
1823:Karasuk
1723: ?
1636:Kenaboi
1601:Japonic
1566:Kra–Dai
1527: ?
1518:Kusunda
1424:Elamite
1396:Kassite
1382:Kaskian
1285:Camunic
1257:Iberian
1214:Eurasia
796:Odyssey
794:Homer,
665:Lemnian
653:Semitic
577:Lexicon
553:Psychro
547:Psychro
536:digamma
378:Dorians
372:Kydones
54:Praisos
1893:Mijiic
1886:Digaro
1833:Pontic
1761:Borean
1756:Altaic
1720:Rouran
1713:Turkic
1706:Uralic
1695:Other
1580:Turkic
1508:Nihali
1403:Gutian
1375:Hattic
1368:Turkic
1334:Minoan
1306:Sicani
1251:Basque
1245:Turkic
1238:Uralic
1222:Europe
1156:
1115:Kadmos
1071:
1040:
928:Kadmos
671:, and
669:Minoan
657:Aegean
529:lambda
459:Dreros
437:Dreros
394:Strabo
341:ἐν δ'
260:
107:Minoan
60:Region
50:Dreros
21:Minoan
1671:Nivkh
1625:Ongan
1100:p. 8.
1063:[
765:
630:barze
286:Crete
270:eteós
246:Greek
244:from
64:Crete
2040:bold
1898:Miju
1666:Ainu
1154:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1038:ISBN
978:2023
621:and
615:Leto
601:inai
592:and
590:Komn
376:and
274:Krḗs
1613:rim
1212:of
690:of
659:or
651:or
594:lmo
540:wau
538:or
161:ecr
145:ecr
70:Era
2059::
880:^
860:^
816:^
753:.
588:.
543:.
500:or
479:.
455:.
384:.
288:.
254:,
248::
240:-/
225:ən
219:iː
207:oʊ
198:iː
52:,
2042:.
1659:"
1655:"
1202:e
1195:t
1188:v
1160:.
1077:.
1046:.
980:.
763:.
374:,
364:,
237:t
234:ɛ
231:ˌ
228:,
222:t
216:r
213:k
210:ˈ
204:i
201:t
195:ˌ
192:/
188:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
