33:
46:
818:
285:
272:
Smoke-drying of fish is essentially a drying process to preserve the product in the absence of refrigeration. It is different from fish smoking as it is known in Europe, USA, Canada, etc., where it is applied to impart taste, such as smoked salmon (cold smoked) or smoked eel (hot smoked) which must
268:
is done over a fire. The fish is placed on sticks, bars or wire mesh trays about 1 m from the floor. A fire is lit on the floor and the fish is first cooked over a high fire, then the fire is reduced to a smoldering fire which is kept going for as long as necessary. Smoking "ovens" can be open
263:
Bonga is very important in West
African coastal and lagoon fishing communities and it is an important food source in West and Central Africa. It is usually smoke-dried for 2 to 5 days, depending on size and on the market.
255:, where environmentalists say over-fishing of bonga for fish meal is raising prices for locals. Refuse from fish meal plants has also been linked to environmental damage.
699:
526:
738:
552:
269:
without walls or closed with walls either in the outside air or inside a smoke house. A hard-smoked bonga can be kept for several months in ambient conditions.
859:
358:
888:
673:
500:
712:
539:
751:
338:
318:
404:
790:
578:
893:
852:
717:
544:
903:
634:
474:
845:
743:
557:
45:
625:
883:
878:
427:
200:
195:
fish, that occurs along the coasts and in brackish water of coastal lagoons, rivers and lakes of western
639:
479:
147:
782:
898:
795:
583:
298:
124:
40:
32:
704:
764:
647:
565:
531:
487:
265:
164:
829:
769:
730:
570:
363:
465:
817:
359:"Chinese fishmeal plants leave fishermen in the Gambia all at sea | Hannah Summers"
343:
323:
215:. It is usually around 25 cm long but the maximum length is 45 cm. It is the
204:
87:
872:
725:
400:
232:
107:
379:
825:
652:
492:
248:
97:
251:
in places like Norway and China. The practice is controversial in countries like
686:
619:
513:
459:
290:
610:
450:
280:
252:
244:
216:
57:
660:
604:
444:
413:
77:
678:
665:
505:
192:
691:
284:
518:
212:
208:
196:
67:
421:
777:
235:
from a boat or by beach seine. It may also be caught by gill net.
220:
756:
339:"Fish Farming is Feeding the Globe. What's the Cost for Locals?"
319:"Fish Farming is Feeding the Globe. What's the Cost for Locals?"
188:
425:
247:, a powder which is exported around the world and used to feed
380:"Utilization of bonga (Ethmalosa fimbriata) in West Africa"
833:
231:
Bonga is caught by inshore small-scale fisheries using
594:
434:
853:
8:
860:
846:
422:
31:
20:
310:
7:
814:
812:
783:FA6348C9-2008-1029-5DFF-0112B0C0C67B
832:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
816:
382:. FAO Fisheries Circular No. 870
283:
44:
889:Taxa named by Sarah Bowdich Lee
273:be stored under refrigeration.
1:
243:Bonga is also used to make
920:
811:
153:
146:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
403:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
378:Jallow, Alhaji Momodou.
894:Fish described in 1825
417:. June 2011 version.
299:List of smoked foods
626:Ethmalosa fimbriata
596:Ethmalosa fimbriata
407:Ethmalosa fimbriata
347:. 25 February 2021.
327:. 25 February 2021.
176:Ethmalosa fimbriata
157:Ethmalosa fimbriata
904:Clupeiformes stubs
841:
840:
806:
805:
765:Open Tree of Life
566:Open Tree of Life
428:Taxon identifiers
172:
171:
139:E. fimbriata
128:
911:
862:
855:
848:
820:
813:
799:
798:
786:
785:
773:
772:
760:
759:
747:
746:
734:
733:
721:
720:
708:
707:
695:
694:
682:
681:
669:
668:
656:
655:
643:
642:
630:
629:
628:
615:
614:
613:
587:
586:
574:
573:
561:
560:
548:
547:
535:
534:
522:
521:
509:
508:
496:
495:
483:
482:
470:
469:
468:
455:
454:
453:
423:
418:
392:
391:
389:
387:
375:
369:
368:
367:. 20 March 2019.
355:
349:
348:
335:
329:
328:
315:
293:
288:
287:
239:Use in fish meal
159:
123:
49:
48:
35:
21:
919:
918:
914:
913:
912:
910:
909:
908:
869:
868:
867:
866:
809:
807:
802:
794:
789:
781:
776:
768:
763:
755:
750:
742:
737:
729:
724:
716:
711:
703:
698:
690:
685:
677:
672:
664:
659:
651:
646:
638:
633:
624:
623:
618:
609:
608:
603:
590:
582:
577:
569:
564:
556:
551:
543:
538:
530:
525:
517:
512:
504:
499:
491:
486:
478:
473:
464:
463:
458:
449:
448:
443:
430:
399:
396:
395:
385:
383:
377:
376:
372:
364:TheGuardian.com
357:
356:
352:
337:
336:
332:
317:
316:
312:
307:
289:
282:
279:
261:
241:
229:
168:
161:
155:
142:
122:
43:
17:
16:Species of fish
12:
11:
5:
917:
915:
907:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
884:Fish of Africa
881:
871:
870:
865:
864:
857:
850:
842:
839:
838:
821:
804:
803:
801:
800:
787:
774:
761:
748:
735:
722:
709:
696:
683:
670:
657:
644:
631:
616:
600:
598:
592:
591:
589:
588:
575:
562:
549:
536:
523:
510:
497:
484:
471:
456:
440:
438:
432:
431:
426:
420:
419:
401:Froese, Rainer
394:
393:
370:
350:
344:The New Yorker
330:
324:The New Yorker
309:
308:
306:
303:
302:
301:
295:
294:
278:
275:
260:
257:
240:
237:
228:
225:
205:Western Sahara
170:
169:
162:
151:
150:
144:
143:
136:
134:
130:
129:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
88:Actinopterygii
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
916:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
879:Dorosomatidae
877:
876:
874:
863:
858:
856:
851:
849:
844:
843:
837:
835:
831:
828:article is a
827:
822:
819:
815:
810:
797:
792:
788:
784:
779:
775:
771:
766:
762:
758:
753:
749:
745:
740:
736:
732:
727:
723:
719:
714:
710:
706:
701:
697:
693:
688:
684:
680:
675:
671:
667:
662:
658:
654:
649:
645:
641:
636:
632:
627:
621:
617:
612:
606:
602:
601:
599:
597:
593:
585:
580:
576:
572:
567:
563:
559:
554:
550:
546:
541:
537:
533:
528:
524:
520:
515:
511:
507:
502:
498:
494:
489:
485:
481:
476:
472:
467:
461:
457:
452:
446:
442:
441:
439:
437:
433:
429:
424:
416:
415:
410:
408:
402:
398:
397:
381:
374:
371:
366:
365:
360:
354:
351:
346:
345:
340:
334:
331:
326:
325:
320:
314:
311:
304:
300:
297:
296:
292:
286:
281:
276:
274:
270:
267:
258:
256:
254:
250:
246:
238:
236:
234:
233:seine fishing
226:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:
166:
160:
158:
152:
149:
148:Binomial name
145:
141:
140:
135:
132:
131:
126:
121:
120:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:Dorosomatidae
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
834:expanding it
826:Clupeiformes
823:
808:
595:
435:
412:
406:
386:19 September
384:. Retrieved
373:
362:
353:
342:
333:
322:
313:
271:
266:Smoke-drying
262:
242:
230:
184:
180:
175:
174:
173:
156:
154:
138:
137:
118:
117:
98:Clupeiformes
24:
18:
899:Smoked fish
687:iNaturalist
620:Wikispecies
514:iNaturalist
460:Wikispecies
291:Food portal
249:farmed fish
217:only member
873:Categories
305:References
253:The Gambia
181:bonga shad
165:S. Bowdich
466:Ethmalosa
436:Ethmalosa
245:fish meal
133:Species:
119:Ethmalosa
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
25:Ethmalosa
705:10153244
661:FishBase
611:Q2979412
605:Wikidata
451:Q9255667
445:Wikidata
414:FishBase
277:See also
183:or just
104:Family:
78:Chordata
74:Phylum:
68:Animalia
54:Domain:
679:2413194
532:1119801
506:2413193
227:Fishery
219:of its
193:clupeid
187:, is a
167:, 1825)
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
796:280725
770:658559
757:280725
744:297798
731:182611
718:551295
692:100567
640:104120
584:269117
571:658558
558:297797
545:551191
480:104119
213:Angola
209:Lobito
201:Dakhla
197:Africa
179:, the
127:, 1917
824:This
791:WoRMS
778:Plazi
700:IRMNG
653:3BLBW
579:WoRMS
527:IRMNG
519:88259
493:633HH
221:genus
199:from
185:bonga
125:Regan
830:stub
752:OBIS
739:NCBI
726:IUCN
713:ITIS
674:GBIF
666:1594
635:BOLD
553:NCBI
540:ITIS
501:GBIF
475:BOLD
388:2012
259:Food
191:, a
189:shad
648:CoL
488:CoL
211:in
207:to
203:in
875::
793::
780::
767::
754::
741::
728::
715::
702::
689::
676::
663::
650::
637::
622::
607::
581::
568::
555::
542::
529::
516::
503::
490::
477::
462::
447::
411:.
361:.
341:.
321:.
223:.
861:e
854:t
847:v
836:.
409:"
405:"
390:.
163:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
