2011:
2023:
218:
Task Force, formed in March 2012. The major goals for this Task Force included adding support for PX30, PX40, PRX40, and PR40 power budget classes to both 1G-EPON and 10G-EPON. The 802.3bk amendment was approved by the IEEE-SA SB in August 2013 and published soon thereafter as the standard IEEE Std
190:
In
October 2000 Howard Frazier issued a call for interest on "Ethernet in the Last Mile". At the November 2000 meeting, IEEE 802.3 created the "Ethernet in the First Mile" study group, and on July 16, 2001, the 802.3ah working group. In parallel participating vendors formed the
468:
added by IEEE Std 802.3ca-2020, providing P2MP 25 Gbit/s
Ethernet links over PONs, at the distance of at least 20 km, at the split of at least 1:32. 50 Gbit/s to a single end-point is achieved by using two different wavelengths of
195:(EFMA) in December 2001 to promote Ethernet subscriber access technology and support the IEEE standard efforts. At an early meeting, the EtherLoop technology was called 100BASE-CU and another technology called EoVDSL for Ethernet over VDSL.
136:
or 1.67 megabaud, with 2, 4, or 6 bits per symbol. The EtherLoop product name was registered as a trademark in the US and Canada. The EtherLoop technology was eventually purchased by
Paradyne Networks in 2002, which was in turn purchased by
229:
On June 4, 2020, the IEEE approved IEEE 802.3ca which allows for symmetric or asymmetric operation with downstream speeds of 25 Gbit/s or 50 Gbit/s, and upstream speeds of 10 Gbit/s, 25 Gbit/s, or 50 Gbit/s over
198:
The working group's EFM standard was approved on June 24, 2004, and published on
September 7, 2004, as IEEE 802.3ah-2004. In 2005, it was included into the base IEEE 802.3 standard. In 2005, the EFMA was absorbed by the
335:– defined in clauses 61 and 62. Full-duplex short-reach point-to-point link over voice-grade copper wiring. 10PASS-TS PHY can deliver a minimum of 10 Mbit/s over distances of up to 750 m (2460 ft), using
568:
noise margin and no spectral limitations, the max bitrate can be achieved over distances of up to 1 kilometre (3,300 ft). At 6 kilometres (20,000 ft) the maximum achievable bitrate is about 850 kbit/s.
996:
127:
with control from the provider side of the loop. It adapted to line conditions with a peak of 10 Mbit/s advertised, but 4-6 Mbit/s more typical, at a distance of about 12,000 feet (3,700 m).
115:
Networks in 1996, and then spun off into the company
Elastic Networks in 1998. Its principal inventor was Jack Terry. The hope was to combine the packet-based nature of Ethernet with the ability of
427:
defined in Clause 60 (added by IEEE Std 802.3bk-2013), providing P2MP 1000 Mbit/s
Ethernet links over PONs, at the distance of at least 20 km, at the split of at least 1:64.
421:
defined in Clause 60 (added by IEEE Std 802.3bk-2013), providing P2MP 1000 Mbit/s
Ethernet links over PONs, at the distance of at least 20 km, at the split of at least 1:32.
415:
defined in Clause 60 (added by IEEE Std 802.3ah-2004), providing P2MP 1000 Mbit/s
Ethernet links over PONs, at the distance of at least 20 km, at the split of at least 1:16.
1797:
458:
defined in Clause 60 (added by IEEE Std 802.3bk-2013), providing P2MP 10 Gbit/s
Ethernet links over PONs, at the distance of at least 20 km, at the split of at least 1:64.
452:
defined in Clause 91 (added by IEEE Std 802.3av-2009), providing P2MP 10 Gbit/s
Ethernet links over PONs, at the distance of at least 20 km, at the split of at least 1:32.
446:
defined in Clause 91 (added by IEEE Std 802.3av-2009), providing P2MP 10 Gbit/s Ethernet links over PONs, at the distance of at least 20 km, at the split of at least 1:16.
46:
1284:
IEEE Std 802.3bk-2013, IEEE Standard for Ethernet - Amendment 1: Physical Layer Specifications and Management Parameters for Extended Ethernet Passive Optical Networks
1387:
1317:
1004:
2102:
704:
2128:
1111:
34:
technologies between a telecommunications company and a customer's premises. From the customer's point of view, it is their first mile, although from the
2061:
176:
576:
of a 2BASE-TL link is lower than the link's bitrate by an average 5%, due to 64/65-octet encoding and PAF overhead; both factors depend on packet size.
549:(G.SHDSL.bis) technology over a single copper pair. These PHYs may also support an optional aggregation or bonding of multiple copper pairs, called
473:
Additionally clause 57 defines link-level OA&M, including discovery, link monitoring, remote fault indication, loopbacks, and variable access.
2097:
1991:
997:"Infineon's Octal-10BaseS Ethernet over QAM-VDSL Selected by Telson I&C to Enable Broadband Access in Nationwide Korean MTU/MDU Deployment"
382:
defined in clause 59, providing point-to-point 1000 Mbit/s Ethernet links over an individual single-mode fiber up to at least 10 km.
2260:
2092:
1497:
366:
defined in clause 58, providing point-to-point 100 Mbit/s Ethernet links over an individual single-mode fiber up to at least 10 km.
1282:
374:
defined in clause 59, providing point-to-point 1000 Mbit/s Ethernet links over a pair of single-mode fibers up to at least 10 km.
358:
defined in clause 58, providing point-to-point 100 Mbit/s Ethernet links over a pair of single-mode fibers up to at least 10 km.
1986:
628:) technology over a single copper pair. These PHYs may also support an optional aggregation or bonding of multiple copper pairs, called
600:
497:
309:
278:
EFM also addresses other issues, required for mass deployment of Ethernet services, such as operations, administration, and management (
192:
2231:
1618:
1465:
2326:
2123:
1516:
267:
1564:
662:
line, but connection data rates deteriorate quickly as the line distance increases. This has led to VDSL being referred to as a "
1837:
2138:
2054:
1026:
179:(VDSL) technology. A patent was filed in 1997 by Peleg Shimon, Porat Boaz, Noam Alroy, Rubinstain Avinoam and Sfadya Yackow.
39:
1532:
1394:
667:
564:(3 x 64 kbit/s) and the maximum bitrate is 5.7 Mbit/s (89 x 64 kbit/s). On a 0.5 mm wire with 3
2118:
1981:
1931:
1926:
283:
1073:...strategic design-win with Cisco for new long range Ethernet products incorporating Infineon?'s 10BaseS? technology
2331:
2321:
1976:
1764:
523:, the 2BASE-TL link rate can vary, depending on the copper media characteristics (such as length, wire diameter or
105:
1587:
2047:
1966:
1888:
409:
1000 Mbit/s Ethernet links over PONs, at the distance of at least 10 km, at the split of at least 1:16.
187:
starting in 2001. It supported modes of 5 Mbit/s, 10 Mbit/s, and 15 Mbit/s depending on distance.
149:
97:
1431:
1119:
1056:
1489:
1085:
699:
629:
550:
644:
that provide a single rate such as 10, 100, or 1000 Mbit/s, the 10PASS-TS link rate can vary, similar to
1318:"25G/50G-EPON Standard Crosses the Finish Line – Enhancing Fiber Deployments as Part of Cable's 10G Platform"
2341:
2070:
1950:
1697:
1661:
721:
641:
528:
395:
271:
243:
231:
223:
207:
123:, which traditionally describes the wires from a telephone company office to a subscriber. The protocol was
116:
81:
1832:
1611:
1332:
58:
257:. These new EFM copper (EFMCu), or Ethernet over copper, interfaces allow optional multi-pair aggregation
1712:
1191:
532:
164:
865:
104:
using various forms of Ethernet, the goal was to eliminate non-native transport such as Ethernet over
2300:
2027:
1908:
1883:
1676:
1596:
655:
VDSL is a short range technology designed to provide broadband over distances less than 1 km of
200:
742:"Techno-Economic Analysis of Active Optical Network Migration Toward Next-Generation Optical Access"
740:
Wang, K.; Mas Machuca, C.; Wosinska, L.; Urban, P. J.; Gavler, A.; Brunnström, K.; Chen, J. (2017).
2346:
2295:
2175:
1903:
1893:
1873:
1868:
1852:
1759:
1671:
1666:
1027:"Infineon Strengthens Leadership in MDU/MTU Market with Ethernet over VDSL Technology Patent Award"
938:
913:
678:
673:
VDSL Ethernet in the first mile services using may be a useful way to standardise functionality on
649:
524:
180:
783:
1769:
1631:
972:
761:
656:
607:
504:
313:
254:
138:
101:
1288:
2336:
2015:
1743:
1604:
1512:
1493:
1461:
1142:
1112:"Cisco Offers New Long-Reach Ethernet: No new wiring needed; system uses existing phone lines"
968:
839:
663:
391:
153:
152:
to residential as well as business customers. This was an example of what has become known as
145:
93:
2039:
809:
320:
and a maximum of 5.69 Mbit/s over distances of up to 2700 m (9,000 ft), using
1878:
1681:
1656:
1646:
753:
31:
677:
networks, or potentially to distribute internet access services over voice-grade wiring in
2219:
2202:
2197:
1945:
1702:
588:
485:
1216:
1164:
887:
270:(P2MP) fiber. These new interfaces are known under the collective name of Ethernet over
1940:
1898:
1717:
1572:
685:
has already proven to be a versatile and faster standard with greater reach than VDSL.
674:
35:
2315:
1651:
378:
370:
261:
184:
765:
652:), wiring quality, the number of pairs if the link is aggregated and other factors.
835:
659:
354:
287:
119:(DSL) technology to work over existing telephone access wires. The name comes from
1034:
648:, depending on the copper channel characteristics, such as length, wire diameter (
1918:
1722:
1302:
621:
596:
516:
493:
336:
305:
156:(FTTH). The Fiberhood Networks company provided this service from 1999 to 2001.
129:
124:
741:
1971:
1738:
840:"Nortel combines best of DSL with best of Ethernet for 10Mbps Internet access"
573:
362:
120:
54:
16:
Use of Ethernet between a telecommunications company and a customer's premises
206:
In early 2006, work began on an even higher-speed 10 gigabit/second Ethernet
2143:
2133:
1847:
1842:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1707:
1456:
Philip Golden; Herve Dedieu; Krista S. Jacobsen, eds. (2008). "Table 13.6".
709:
242:
EFM defines how Ethernet can be transmitted over new media types using new
1358:
757:
1779:
1627:
1558:
1268:
694:
645:
603:
500:
437:
211:
172:
168:
27:
440:, at the distance of at least 10 km, at the split of at least 1:16.
2265:
2214:
2207:
2192:
2185:
2180:
1827:
1822:
1802:
1591:
565:
557:
546:
324:
279:
160:
2238:
1936:
1435:
614:
561:
539:
520:
317:
112:
531:
between the pairs, etc.), desired link parameters (such as desired
2285:
716:
682:
618:
543:
535:
margin, Power Back-Off, etc.), and regional spectral limitations.
321:
64:
Although it is often used for businesses, it can also be known as
1539:
433:
defined in Clause 91 (added by IEEE Std 802.3av-2009), providing
405:
defined in Clause 60 (added by IEEE Std 802.3ah-2004), providing
2254:
2226:
2170:
1996:
625:
434:
406:
340:
133:
2043:
1600:
1418:
1242:
592:
542:
over distances of up to 2.7 kilometres (8,900 ft), using
489:
247:
1333:"Point to Multipoint Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON)"
1303:"IEEE 802.3ca-2020 - IEEE Standard for Ethernet Amendment 9"
1033:. Infineon Technologies AG. January 8, 2001. Archived from
159:
Some early products around the year 2000, were marketed as
670:
to connect with a carrier network over greater distances.
617:
over distances of up to 750 metres (2,460 ft), using
214:. The work on the EPON was continued by the IEEE P802.3bk
111:
One early effort was the EtherLoop technology invented at
1486:
Ethernet in the First Mile: The IEEE802.3ah EFM Standard
1003:. Infineon Technologies AG. July 2, 2002. Archived from
946:
282:) and compatibility with existing technologies (such as
527:, number of pairs if the link is aggregated, amount of
519:
PHYs, providing a single rate of 10, 100, or 1000
1540:"IEEE P802.3ah Ethernet in the First Mile Task Force"
868:. US Patent and Trademark office. September 28, 1998
53:, which were later included in the overall standard
2278:
2247:
2163:
2156:
2111:
2085:
2078:
1959:
1917:
1861:
1790:
1752:
1731:
1690:
1639:
327:(G.SHDSL.bis) technology over a single copper pair.
1458:Implementation and Applications of DSL Technology
914:"Elastic Networks Elite Modem Installation Guide"
47:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
746:Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
316:wiring. 2BASE-TL PHY can deliver a minimum of 2
1571:. Southern Communications. 2010. Archived from
1509:Ethernet in the First Mile: Access for Everyone
1421:– Ethernet in the First Mile Task Force archive
1393:. FTTH Council. January 9, 2009. Archived from
1143:""Ethernet in the Last Mile" Call for Interest"
264:(as well as long-wavelength dual-strand fiber)
2055:
1612:
556:For a single pair, the minimum possible link
8:
1057:"Infineon Announces Second Quarter Results"
777:
775:
222:In November 2011, IEEE 802.3 began work on
144:Another effort was the concept promoted by
2160:
2082:
2062:
2048:
2040:
1619:
1605:
1597:
177:very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line
1243:"10Gb/s Ethernet Passive Optical Network"
210:(10G-EPON) standard, ratified in 2009 as
1269:"IEEE P802.3bk Extended EPON Task Force"
666:" technology, because it requires fiber
167:, although they did not technically use
1063:. Infineon Technologies. April 24, 2001
732:
613:10PASS-TS PHYs deliver a minimum of 10
343:) technology over a single copper pair.
49:(IEEE) produced the standards known as
1546:. IEEE 802 LAN/MAN standards committee
1511:. IEEE Standards Information Network.
919:. Elastic Networks, Inc. November 1999
782:Patrick H. Stanley (January 8, 2001).
1533:802.3-2018 IEEE Standard for Ethernet
1507:Wael Diab; Howard M. Frazier (2006).
538:2BASE-TL PHYs deliver a minimum of 2
148:of using Ethernet variants that used
7:
2022:
1388:"FTTH Council - Definition of Terms"
1165:"Extreme Launches Ethernet Alliance"
1086:"Cisco Long-Reach Ethernet Solution"
866:"EtherLoop, Serial Number: 75560747"
72:). One family of standards known as
38:'s point of view it is known as the
1141:Howard Frazier (October 12, 2000).
784:"Robust Ethernet in the First Mile"
193:Ethernet in the First Mile Alliance
1682:200, 400, 800 and 1600 Gbit/s
1091:. Cisco Systems, Inc. May 22, 2002
438:10 Gbit/s Ethernet links over PONs
286:spectral compatibility for copper
14:
1110:James Evans (February 20, 2001).
2021:
2010:
2009:
1357:Yaakov (Jonathan) Stein (2006).
1331:Gerry Pesavento (July 9, 2001).
304:– defined in clauses 61 and 63.
74:Ethernet passive optical network
1535:– EFM is contained in section 5
1247:official working group web site
1559:Ethernet in the First Mile FAQ
1316:Knittle, Curtis (2020-07-23).
810:"Nortel forms EtherLoop group"
808:Laura Kujubu (April 6, 1998).
331:
1:
1368:. RAD Data Communications Ltd
1190:Hugh Barrass (July 9, 2001).
300:
183:was the product name used by
26:) refers to using one of the
1287:. IEEE. 2013. Archived from
973:"Ethernet in the first mile"
108:(ATM) from access networks.
712:– Ethernet over Cable-modem
284:plain old telephone service
2363:
2291:Ethernet in the first mile
1221:Light Reading news release
1169:Light Reading news release
892:Light Reading news release
106:Asynchronous Transfer Mode
20:Ethernet in the first mile
2005:
1460:. Auerbach Publications.
150:fiber-optic communication
2327:Physical layer protocols
1932:SFP/SFP+/QSFP/QSFP+/OSFP
1490:McGraw-Hill Professional
700:PME Aggregation Function
642:Ethernet physical layers
630:PME Aggregation Function
551:PME Aggregation Function
272:passive optical networks
232:passive optical networks
2071:Digital subscriber line
888:"Paradyne Gets Elastic"
789:. Elastic Networks, Inc
722:Passive optical network
396:passive optical network
387:Passive optical network
260:Long-wavelength single
244:Ethernet physical layer
224:EPON Protocol over Coax
208:passive optical network
171:signalling, but rather
117:digital subscriber line
82:passive optical network
57:. EFM is often used in
45:A working group of the
1677:40 and 100 Gbit/s
1484:Beck, Michael (2005).
1432:"Metro Ethernet Forum"
1192:"EFM Copper Objective"
595:) specification for a
492:) specification for a
59:active optical network
1672:25 and 50 Gbit/s
1662:2.5 and 5 Gbit/s
1565:"Ethernet First Mile"
1400:on September 24, 2017
1291:on December 17, 2013.
949:on September 22, 2001
758:10.1364/JOCN.9.000327
165:Infineon Technologies
2301:Single Pair Ethernet
2257:(early CAP variants)
939:"Fiberhood Networks"
681:buildings. However,
201:Metro Ethernet Forum
66:Ethernet to the home
2296:Long Reach Ethernet
2176:ANSI T1.413 Issue 2
2164:ANSI / ETSI / ITU-T
2086:ANSI / ETSI / ITU-T
1569:commercial web site
1305:. IEEE. 2020-07-03.
1171:. December 11, 2001
1122:on January 20, 2010
894:. December 28, 2001
679:multi-dwelling unit
511:Rates and distances
348:Active fiber optics
268:Point-to-multipoint
181:Long Reach Ethernet
102:local area networks
2073:(DSL) technologies
1632:local area network
1588:EFM Knowledge Base
1575:on August 14, 2011
1217:"MEF Absorbs EFMA"
657:voice-grade copper
608:voice-grade copper
505:voice-grade copper
314:voice-grade copper
255:Voice-grade copper
139:Zhone Technologies
2332:Data transmission
2322:Bonding protocols
2309:
2308:
2274:
2273:
2239:G.fast and MGfast
2152:
2151:
2037:
2036:
1889:Energy Efficiency
1744:Ethernet Alliance
1544:official web site
1499:978-0-07-145506-0
1037:on April 13, 2001
1007:on April 13, 2014
971:(March 3, 2001).
969:Michael Silverton
838:(March 9, 1998).
664:fiber to the curb
392:Fiber to the home
154:fiber to the home
146:Michael Silverton
51:IEEE 802.3ah-2004
2354:
2161:
2083:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2041:
2025:
2024:
2013:
2012:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1598:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1522:
1503:
1472:
1471:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1434:. Archived from
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1392:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1363:
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1322:
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1176:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1118:. Archived from
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1090:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1053:
1047:
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1014:
1012:
993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
977:
965:
959:
958:
956:
954:
945:. Archived from
943:company web site
935:
929:
928:
926:
924:
918:
910:
904:
903:
901:
899:
884:
878:
877:
875:
873:
862:
856:
855:
853:
851:
832:
826:
825:
823:
821:
805:
799:
798:
796:
794:
788:
779:
770:
769:
737:
591:Physical Layer (
488:Physical Layer (
32:computer network
2362:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2270:
2243:
2148:
2107:
2098:HDSL2 and HDSL4
2074:
2068:
2038:
2033:
2001:
1955:
1913:
1857:
1786:
1748:
1727:
1703:Autonegotiation
1686:
1652:100 Mbit/s
1635:
1625:
1578:
1576:
1563:
1549:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1519:
1506:
1500:
1483:
1480:
1478:Further reading
1475:
1468:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1441:
1439:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
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1280:
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1267:
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1250:
1241:
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1236:
1226:
1224:
1223:. March 8, 2005
1215:
1214:
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1194:
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1038:
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806:
802:
792:
790:
786:
781:
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773:
739:
738:
734:
730:
691:
638:
589:IEEE 802.3-2008
582:
513:
486:IEEE 802.3-2008
479:
389:
350:
296:
240:
90:
55:IEEE 802.3-2008
17:
12:
11:
5:
2360:
2358:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2342:Network access
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2314:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
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2263:
2258:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2227:VDSL and VDSL2
2224:
2223:
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1438:on 2014-04-10
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846:. p. 139
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425:1000BASE-PX40
423:
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419:1000BASE-PX30
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213:
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185:Cisco Systems
182:
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61:deployments.
60:
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37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2290:
2026:
2014:
1919:Transceivers
1862:Applications
1774:
1765:Twisted pair
1713:Flow control
1634:technologies
1577:. Retrieved
1573:the original
1568:
1548:. Retrieved
1543:
1508:
1485:
1457:
1451:
1440:. Retrieved
1436:the original
1426:
1419:IEEE 802.3ah
1414:
1404:September 1,
1402:. Retrieved
1395:the original
1382:
1370:. Retrieved
1365:
1352:
1340:. Retrieved
1338:. IEEE 802.3
1326:
1320:. CableLabs.
1311:
1297:
1289:the original
1283:
1277:
1263:
1251:. Retrieved
1246:
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1220:
1211:
1199:. Retrieved
1197:. IEEE 802.3
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1168:
1159:
1147:. Retrieved
1145:. IEEE 802.3
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:the original
1115:
1105:
1093:. Retrieved
1080:
1072:
1065:. Retrieved
1061:News release
1060:
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1035:the original
1031:News release
1030:
1021:
1009:. Retrieved
1005:the original
1001:News release
1000:
991:
979:. Retrieved
963:
951:. Retrieved
947:the original
942:
933:
921:. Retrieved
908:
896:. Retrieved
891:
882:
870:. Retrieved
860:
848:. Retrieved
843:
836:Bob Metcalfe
830:
818:. Retrieved
816:. p. 46
813:
803:
791:. Retrieved
749:
745:
735:
715:ITU G.993.2
672:
660:twisted pair
654:
639:
612:
599:short-reach
584:
583:
571:
560:is 192
555:
537:
514:
481:
480:
472:
465:
461:
456:10GBASE-PR40
455:
450:10GBASE-PR30
449:
444:10GBASE-PR20
443:
431:10GBASE-PR10
430:
424:
418:
412:
402:
390:
377:
369:
363:100BASE-BX10
361:
355:100BASE-LX10
353:
330:
299:
294:Copper wires
288:twisted pair
277:
241:
228:
221:
215:
212:IEEE 802.3av
205:
197:
189:
158:
143:
130:Symbol rates
110:
91:
77:
73:
69:
65:
63:
50:
44:
23:
19:
18:
2248:Proprietary
2112:Proprietary
1909:Synchronous
1884:Data center
1366:White paper
597:full-duplex
517:10/100/1000
496:long-reach
494:full-duplex
337:ITU G.993.1
308:long-reach
306:Full-duplex
238:Description
132:were 1 mega
125:half-duplex
2347:Local loop
2316:Categories
2232:deployment
2208:G.lite.bis
2157:Asymmetric
1960:Interfaces
1894:Industrial
1874:Automotive
1853:Long Reach
1775:First mile
1739:IEEE 802.3
1630:family of
1442:2014-04-17
1342:August 28,
1249:. IEEE 802
1227:August 15,
1201:August 28,
1175:August 15,
1126:August 28,
1095:August 27,
1067:August 28,
1041:August 27,
1011:August 27,
981:August 16,
953:August 16,
923:August 15,
898:August 15,
872:August 15,
850:August 15,
820:August 15,
793:August 15,
752:(4): 327.
728:References
606:link over
574:throughput
503:link over
394:can use a
312:link over
121:local loop
30:family of
2144:DSL Rings
2134:Etherloop
2079:Symmetric
1848:LattisNet
1843:100BaseVG
1818:10BASE-FL
1813:10BASE-FB
1808:10BROAD36
1708:EtherType
1579:August 4,
1550:March 24,
1372:August 6,
1253:August 6,
1149:August 6,
844:InfoWorld
814:InfoWorld
710:10BROAD36
585:10PASS-TS
580:10PASS-TS
529:crosstalk
332:10PASS-TS
141:in 2005.
80:) uses a
40:last mile
2337:Ethernet
2016:Category
1791:Historic
1780:10G-EPON
1628:Ethernet
1116:PC World
766:18604241
695:10G-EPON
689:See also
668:backhaul
646:2BASE-TL
610:wiring.
604:Ethernet
507:wiring.
501:Ethernet
482:2BASE-TL
477:2BASE-TL
301:2BASE-TL
280:OA&M
226:(EPoC).
173:passband
169:baseband
28:Ethernet
2279:Related
2220:Annex M
2203:Annex L
2198:Annex J
2028:Commons
1879:Carrier
1828:10BASE2
1823:10BASE5
1803:StarLAN
1798:CSMA/CD
1770:Coaxial
1691:General
1592:UNH-IOL
1590:at the
705:G.SHDSL
636:Details
632:(PAF).
622:G.993.1
558:bitrate
553:(PAF).
547:G.991.2
515:Unlike
466:50GBASE
462:25GBASE
325:G.991.2
274:(EPON).
161:10BaseS
88:History
2215:ADSL2+
2186:G.lite
1937:XENPAK
1723:Jumbos
1718:Frames
1640:Speeds
1515:
1496:
1464:
764:
615:Mbit/s
587:is an
562:kbit/s
540:Mbit/s
521:Mbit/s
484:is an
469:light.
318:Mbit/s
175:as in
113:Nortel
100:, and
2286:DSLAM
2261:RADSL
2193:ADSL2
2181:G.dmt
2129:MSDSL
2103:SHDSL
1992:XGMII
1904:Power
1899:Metro
1869:Audio
1838:FOIRL
1760:Fiber
1753:Media
1398:(PDF)
1391:(PDF)
1362:(PDF)
1336:(PDF)
1195:(PDF)
1089:(PDF)
976:(PDF)
917:(PDF)
787:(PDF)
762:S2CID
717:VDSL2
683:VDSL2
650:gauge
619:ITU-T
544:ITU-T
525:gauge
322:ITU-T
98:metro
92:With
2266:UDSL
2255:ADSL
2171:ADSL
2139:HVDL
2124:SDSL
2119:IDSL
2093:HDSL
1997:XAUI
1987:GMII
1927:GBIC
1581:2011
1552:2022
1513:ISBN
1494:ISBN
1462:ISBN
1406:2011
1374:2011
1344:2011
1255:2011
1229:2011
1203:2011
1177:2011
1151:2011
1128:2011
1097:2011
1069:2011
1043:2011
1013:2011
983:2011
955:2011
925:2011
900:2011
874:2011
852:2011
822:2011
795:2011
626:VDSL
572:The
464:and
435:P2MP
407:P2MP
341:VDSL
134:baud
94:wide
78:EPON
70:ETTH
1982:MII
1977:MDI
1972:EAD
1967:AUI
1951:CFP
1946:XFP
1833:MAU
754:doi
593:PHY
533:SNR
490:PHY
290:).
248:PHY
163:by
24:EFM
2318::
1941:X2
1567:.
1542:.
1492:.
1488:.
1364:.
1245:.
1219:.
1167:.
1114:.
1071:.
1059:.
1029:.
999:.
941:.
890:.
842:.
812:.
774:^
760:.
748:.
744:.
566:dB
398:.
234:.
203:.
96:,
84:.
42:.
2063:e
2056:t
2049:v
1939:/
1620:e
1613:t
1606:v
1583:.
1554:.
1521:.
1502:.
1470:.
1445:.
1408:.
1376:.
1346:.
1271:.
1257:.
1231:.
1205:.
1179:.
1153:.
1130:.
1099:.
1045:.
1015:.
985:.
957:.
927:.
902:.
876:.
854:.
824:.
797:.
768:.
756::
750:9
624:(
339:(
246:(
76:(
68:(
22:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.