244:
233:
497:
703:
689:(aka managed switches) have a full set of management features, including CLI, SNMP agent, and web interface. They may have additional features to manipulate configurations, such as the ability to display, modify, backup and restore configurations. Compared with smart switches, enterprise switches have more features that can be customized or optimized and are generally more expensive than smart switches. Enterprise switches are typically found in networks with a larger number of switches and connections, where centralized management is a significant savings in administrative time and effort. A
589:
568:
683:(aka intelligent switches) are managed switches with a limited set of management features. Likewise, "web-managed" switches are switches that fall into a market niche between unmanaged and managed. For a price much lower than a fully managed switch they provide a web interface (and usually no CLI access) and allow configuration of basic settings, such as VLANs, port-bandwidth and duplex.
489:
88:
33:
320:
In contrast to an
Ethernet hub, there is a separate collision domain on each switch port. This allows computers to have dedicated bandwidth on point-to-point connections to the network and also to run in full-duplex mode. Full-duplex mode has only one transmitter and one receiver per collision domain, making collisions impossible.
319:
Segmentation involves the use of a switch to split a larger collision domain into smaller ones in order to reduce collision probability and to improve overall network throughput. In the extreme case (i.e. micro-segmentation), each device is directly connected to a switch port dedicated to the device.
840:
forward traffic to network segments where it would be superfluous, a node attached to a switch cannot monitor traffic on other segments. Port mirroring is how this problem is addressed in switched networks: In addition to the usual behavior of forwarding frames only to ports through which they might
504:
Modern commercial switches primarily use
Ethernet interfaces. The core function of an Ethernet switch is to provide multiple ports of layer-2 bridging. Layer-1 functionality is required in all switches in support of the higher layers. Many switches also perform operations at other layers. A device
523:
Bridges also buffer an incoming packet and adapt the transmission speed to that of the outgoing port. While there are specialized applications, such as storage area networks, where the input and output interfaces are the same bandwidth, this is not always the case in general LAN applications. In
515:
A switch operating as a network bridge may interconnect otherwise separate layer 2 networks. The bridge learns the MAC address of each connected device, storing this data in a table that maps MAC addresses to ports. This table is often implemented using high-speed
219:, which broadcast the same data out of each port and let the devices pick out the data addressed to them, a network switch learns the Ethernet addresses of connected devices and then only forwards data to the port connected to the device to which it is addressed.
531:
The
Ethernet header at the start of the frame contains all the information required to make a forwarding decision, some high-performance switches can begin forwarding the frame to the destination whilst still receiving the frame payload from the sender. This
187:
such as GigaSwitch. Digital decided to license its MAC Bridge patent in a royalty-free, non-discriminatory basis that allowed IEEE standardization. This permitted a number of other companies to produce multi-port switches, including
269:
that connects other devices together. Multiple data cables are plugged into a switch to enable communication between different networked devices. Switches manage the flow of data across a network by transmitting a received
1045:
W. Hawe, A. Kirby, A. Lauck, "An
Architecture for Transparently Interconnecting IEEE 802 Local Area Networks", technical paper submitted to the IEEE 802 committee, document IEEE-802.85*1.96, San Diego CA, October
285:, which simply retransmits packets out of every port of the hub except the port on which the packet was received, unable to distinguish different recipients, and achieving an overall lower network efficiency.
416:. This connectivity can be at any of the layers mentioned. While the layer-2 functionality is adequate for bandwidth-shifting within one technology, interconnecting technologies such as Ethernet and
1289:
1086:
427:
Where there is a need for a great deal of analysis of network performance and security, switches may be connected between WAN routers as places for analytic modules. Some vendors provide
1568:
1193:
183:. The first 2 port Bridge product (LANBridge 100) was introduced by that company shortly after. The company subsequently produced multi-port switches for both Ethernet and
51:
243:
312:. Switches may also operate at higher layers of the OSI model, including the network layer and above. A switch that also operates at these higher layers is known as a
300:
for each switch port. Each device connected to a switch port can transfer data to any of the other ports at any time and the transmissions will not interfere. Because
596:
Switches are available in many form factors, including stand-alone, desktop units which are typically intended to be used in a home or office environment outside a
358:(SFP) modules. These modules often contain a transceiver that connects the switch to a physical medium, such as a fiber optic cable. These modules were preceded by
1468:
179:
are the most common form of network switch. The first MAC Bridge was invented in 1983 by Mark Kempf, an engineer in the
Networking Advanced Development group of
1179:
1427:
1317:
1547:
232:
393:
In switches intended for commercial use, built-in or modular interfaces make it possible to connect different types of networks, including
Ethernet,
559:(Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links) are layer 2 alternatives to STP which allow all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths.
1332:
1231:
592:
A ZyXEL ES-105A 5-port desktop
Ethernet switch. The metal casing of the switch has been opened, revealing internal electronic components.
390:
and similar network architectures, switches are also used deeper in the network to provide connections between the switches at the edge.
1500:
1441:
1101:
852:
SMON – "Switch
Monitoring" is described by RFC 2613 and is a protocol for controlling facilities such as port mirroring.
1403:
274:
only to the one or more devices for which the packet is intended. Each networked device connected to a switch can be identified by its
866:
These monitoring features are rarely present on consumer-grade switches. Other monitoring methods include connecting a layer-1 hub or
766:
670:
387:
1318:"Understanding IP Broadcast Production Networks: Part 2 - Routers & Switches - the Broadcast Bridge - Connecting IT to Broadcast"
378:, SFP+ modules, QSFP, QSFP-DD, and OSFP modules. Pluggable modules are also used for transmitting video in broadcast applications.
1065:
826:
It is difficult to monitor traffic that is bridged using a switch because only the sending and receiving ports can see the traffic.
69:
1527:
905:
702:
466:
1221:
1368:
1006:
616:; and small installation switches, mounted into a cable duct, floor box or communications tower, as found, for example, in
420:
is performed more easily at layer 3 or via routing. Devices that interconnect at the layer 3 are traditionally called
808:
180:
1638:
435:, and performance analysis modules that can plug into switch ports. Some of these functions may be on combined modules.
94:
1475:
673:(SNMP) agent allowing management from a remote console or management station, or a web interface for management from a
733:
367:
355:
196:, but the introduction of the MAC bridge began its transformation into its most-common point-to-point form without a
781:
configuration to set up multiple ports for the same connection to achieve higher data transfer rates and reliability
496:
551:. In contrast to routers, spanning tree bridges must have topologies with only one active path between two points.
517:
443:
402:
205:
1618:
885:
363:
301:
1261:
1247:
644:
328:
1594:
1369:"The Internet Protocol Journal - Volume 1, No. 2: Layer 2 and Layer 3 Switch Evolution"
386:
Switches are most commonly used as the network connection point for hosts at the edge of a network. In the
278:, allowing the switch to direct the flow of traffic maximizing the security and efficiency of the network.
1303:
895:
798:
760:
756:
654:
605:
552:
540:
359:
1154:
792:
533:
462:
492:
A modular network switch with three network modules (a total of 36 Ethernet ports) and one power supply
1415:
1391:
1081:
900:
890:
653:
have one or more methods to modify the operation of the switch. Common management methods include: a
428:
252:
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617:
613:
544:
454:
432:
332:
130:
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925:
915:
739:
465:, to have a separate power supply. Since switches can have redundant power circuits connected to
421:
348:
324:
588:
1633:
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1227:
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935:
829:
Methods that are specifically designed to allow a network analyst to monitor traffic include:
313:
169:
1445:
1105:
1290:"OSFP MSA unveils OSFP 4.0 Specification for additional 800G module applications, eyes 1.6T"
920:
778:
715:
690:
624:
309:
297:
266:
256:
197:
138:
134:
1031:
Stewart, Robert; Hawe, William; Kirby, Alan (April 1984). "Local Area
Network Connection".
849:
port, allowing analysis of traffic that would otherwise not be visible through the switch.
375:
305:
289:
275:
153:
442:, a switch can create a mirror image of data that can go to an external device, such as
1155:"Cisco Networking Academy's Introduction to Basic Switching Concepts and Configuration"
880:
833:
772:
658:
601:
548:
447:
439:
344:
271:
145:
543:(STP) that disables forwarding on links so that the resulting local area network is a
331:(SOHO) applications typically use a single switch, or an all-purpose device such as a
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930:
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814:
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201:
193:
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161:
469:, the connected device can continue operating even when regular office power fails.
666:
572:
567:
524:
LANs, a switch used for end-user access typically concentrates lower bandwidth and
304:
are still being forwarded to all connected devices by the switch, the newly formed
282:
216:
643:. They are typically the least expensive switches, and therefore often used in a
968:
956:
867:
802:
785:
718:
711:
677:. Two sub-classes of managed switches are smart and enterprise-managed switches.
674:
509:
149:
351:
and components that interface to the particular physical broadband technology.
17:
710:
Gigabit
Ethernet rackmount switches, connected to the Ethernet ports on a few
488:
458:
417:
209:
87:
508:
A layer 2 network device is a multiport device that uses hardware addresses (
327:(LANs). Mid-to-large-sized LANs contain a number of linked managed switches.
841:
reach their addressees, the switch forwards frames received through a given
336:
293:
157:
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609:
477:
176:
98:
398:
168:
functionality. Such switches are commonly known as layer-3 switches or
165:
1581:
975:
receive, assuming the connected device also supports full-duplex mode.
1416:
Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Intrusion Detection System (IDSM-2) Module
707:
662:
525:
413:
371:
726:
Centralized configuration management and configuration distribution
520:(CAM), some vendors refer to the MAC address table as a CAM table.
82:
Networking hardware that forwards packets based on hardware address
1200:
860:
701:
587:
566:
556:
495:
487:
406:
323:
The network switch plays an integral role in most modern Ethernet
91:
86:
1501:"IEEE Approves New IEEE 802.1aq Shortest Path Bridging Standard"
855:
576:
512:) to process and forward data at the data link layer (layer 2).
409:
184:
122:
647:
environment. Unmanaged switches can be desktop or rack mounted.
505:
capable of more than bridging is known as a multilayer switch.
366:
to switches and have evolved over time: the first modules were
1339:
340:
26:
457:(PoE), which avoids the need for attached devices, such as a
200:. Switches also exist for other types of networks including
500:
A five-port layer-2 switch without management functionality
539:
Interconnects between switches may be regulated using the
836: – Because the purpose of a switch is to
347:. In most of these cases, the end-user device contains a
1528:"Understanding the different types of Ethernet Switches"
967:
transmit to its connected device at a certain time. In
141:
to receive and forward data to the destination device.
47:
1582:
Remote Network Monitoring Management Information Base
639:
have no configuration interface or options. They are
536:
can significantly reduce latency through the switch.
1331:
Joe Efferson; Ted Gary; Bob Nevins (February 2002).
1056:
Hawe, William; Kirby, Alan; Stewart, Robert (1987).
1392:
Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Firewall Services Module
1084:, "Bridge circuit for interconnecting networks"
971:mode, each switch port can simultaneously transmit
42:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
1180:"Evolutionary trends in pluggable optical modules"
870:between the monitored device and its switch port.
784:VLAN configuration and port assignments including
627:or large chassis units with swappable line cards.
1595:"How to Build a Miniature Network Monitor Device"
1550:. Archived from the original on December 13, 2007
1548:"Tech specs for a sample HP "web-managed" switch"
1127:"Hubs Versus Switches – Understand the Tradeoffs"
1567:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
623:Rack-mounted switches may be stand-alone units,
1619:What to consider when buying an Ethernet Switch
1469:"Shortest Path Bridging IEEE 802.1aq Overview"
1442:"The 10 Most Important Products of the Decade"
1276:"QSFP-DD pluggable modules boost data density"
1102:"The 10 Most Important Products of the Decade"
1013:. The Internet Protocol Journal. Cisco Systems
354:Many switches have pluggable modules, such as
1430:, Checkpoint Software Technologies Ltd., n.d.
160:. Some switches can also forward data at the
8:
1428:Getting Started with Check Point Fire Wall-1
1194:"Pluggable Transceivers, Module Connectors"
769:(SNMP) monitoring of device and link health
775:for monitoring traffic and troubleshooting
721:(all installed in a standard 19-inch rack)
70:Learn how and when to remove this message
54:, without removing the technical details.
1522:
1520:
1518:
1467:Peter Ashwood-Smith (24 February 2011).
164:(layer 3) by additionally incorporating
1367:Thayumanavan Sridhar (September 1998).
1304:"The evolution of the pluggable module"
1005:Thayumanavan Sridhar (September 1998).
988:
948:
693:is a type of enterprise-managed switch.
1560:
1440:Robert J. Kohlhepp (October 2, 2000).
1223:Telecommunications Technology Handbook
1007:"Layer 2 and Layer 3 Switch Evolution"
600:; rack-mounted switches for use in an
281:A switch is more intelligent than an
52:make it understandable to non-experts
7:
1250:. 25 December 1995 – 1 January 1996.
480:switch, its seven-port EtherSwitch.
1584:, RFC 2819, S. Waldbusser, May 2000
1444:. Network Computing. Archived from
1104:. Network Computing. Archived from
1060:. IEEE Press. pp. Chapter 28.
288:An Ethernet switch operates at the
1333:"Token-Ring to Ethernet Migration"
767:Simple Network Management Protocol
671:Simple Network Management Protocol
388:hierarchical internetworking model
259:rackmount switch and its internals
25:
1100:Robert J. Kohlhepp (2000-10-02).
959:mode, each switch port can only
817:for control of multicast traffic
242:
231:
144:A network switch is a multiport
31:
1058:Advances in Local Area Networks
906:Modular computer network switch
476:introduced the first multiport
467:uninterruptible power supplies
453:A modern switch may implement
1:
809:Link Layer Discovery Protocol
181:Digital Equipment Corporation
1342:. p. 13. Archived from
1262:"Fiber optics weekly update"
742:configuration and monitoring
368:Gigabit interface converters
335:to access small office/home
40:This article's lead section
1503:. Tech Power Up. 7 May 2012
1404:Switch 8800 Firewall Module
698:Typical management features
687:Enterprise managed switches
444:intrusion detection systems
356:Small Form-factor Pluggable
192:. Ethernet was initially a
133:that connects devices on a
1655:
518:content-addressable memory
364:Attachment Unit Interfaces
265:A switch is a device in a
206:Asynchronous Transfer Mode
886:Energy-Efficient Ethernet
528:into a higher bandwidth.
1474:. Huawei. Archived from
1406:, 3Com Corporation, 2006
729:Enable and disable ports
645:small office/home office
329:Small office/home office
1220:Minoli, Daniel (2003).
614:industrial environments
360:Medium Attachment Units
152:to forward data at the
896:Fully switched network
799:Network Access Control
761:Shortest Path Bridging
757:Spanning Tree Protocol
722:
655:command-line interface
593:
580:
553:Shortest path bridging
541:spanning tree protocol
501:
493:
374:modules, SFP modules,
292:(layer 2) of the
102:
1418:, Cisco Systems, 2007
1394:, Cisco Systems, 2007
845:port to a designated
793:Network Time Protocol
705:
631:Configuration options
591:
570:
534:cut-through switching
499:
491:
463:wireless access point
296:to create a separate
90:
901:Load-balanced switch
891:Fibre Channel switch
706:A couple of managed
253:Cisco small business
194:shared-access medium
1639:Networking hardware
750:access control list
732:Link bandwidth and
657:(CLI) accessed via
618:fiber to the office
612:mounted for use in
455:power over Ethernet
433:intrusion detection
333:residential gateway
325:local area networks
170:multilayer switches
131:networking hardware
1448:on January 5, 2010
1278:. 9 November 2017.
1033:Telecommunications
926:Telephone exchange
916:Router (computing)
822:Traffic monitoring
740:Quality of service
723:
637:Unmanaged switches
625:stackable switches
594:
581:
502:
494:
472:In 1989 and 1990,
308:continues to be a
103:
1233:978-1-58053-708-7
936:Wide area network
801:features such as
795:) synchronization
755:Configuration of
620:infrastructures.
382:Role in a network
339:services such as
314:multilayer switch
255:SG300-28 28-port
156:(layer 2) of the
80:
79:
72:
16:(Redirected from
1646:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:. 6 October 2016
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1237:
1226:. Artech House.
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1037:
1036:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1002:
996:
993:
976:
953:
921:Stackable switch
779:Link aggregation
691:stackable switch
651:Managed switches
376:XFP transceivers
310:broadcast domain
298:collision domain
267:computer network
257:Gigabit Ethernet
246:
235:
198:collision domain
139:packet switching
135:computer network
75:
68:
64:
61:
55:
35:
34:
27:
21:
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1301:
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1259:
1255:
1248:"Network World"
1246:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1205:
1203:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1182:. January 2004.
1178:
1177:
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1004:
1003:
999:
994:
990:
985:
980:
979:
954:
950:
945:
940:
876:
824:
716:Category 6
700:
633:
586:
565:
549:switching loops
486:
448:packet sniffers
384:
306:network segment
290:data link layer
276:network address
263:
262:
261:
260:
249:
248:
247:
238:
237:
236:
225:
154:data link layer
119:Ethernet switch
83:
76:
65:
59:
56:
48:help improve it
45:
36:
32:
23:
22:
18:Ethernet switch
15:
12:
11:
5:
1652:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1613:External links
1611:
1608:
1607:
1586:
1574:
1539:
1514:
1492:
1481:on 15 May 2013
1459:
1432:
1420:
1408:
1396:
1384:
1359:
1323:
1320:. 30 May 2023.
1309:
1306:. August 2012.
1295:
1292:. 7 June 2021.
1281:
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978:
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908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
881:Console server
877:
875:
872:
864:
863:
858:
853:
850:
834:Port mirroring
823:
820:
819:
818:
812:
805:
796:
789:
782:
776:
773:Port mirroring
770:
764:
763:(SPB) features
753:
743:
737:
730:
727:
699:
696:
695:
694:
684:
681:Smart switches
678:
669:, an embedded
659:serial console
648:
632:
629:
602:equipment rack
585:
582:
564:
561:
485:
482:
440:port mirroring
383:
380:
370:, followed by
362:connected via
345:cable Internet
272:network packet
251:
250:
241:
240:
239:
230:
229:
228:
227:
226:
224:
221:
146:network bridge
121:, and, by the
107:network switch
81:
78:
77:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
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9:
6:
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3:
2:
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1397:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1374:
1373:Cisco Systems
1370:
1363:
1360:
1349:on 2015-09-24
1345:
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111:switching hub
109:(also called
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95:ERS 2550T-PWR
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1599:. Retrieved
1589:
1577:
1552:. Retrieved
1542:
1531:. Retrieved
1505:. Retrieved
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1476:the original
1462:
1452:February 25,
1450:. Retrieved
1446:the original
1435:
1423:
1411:
1399:
1387:
1376:. Retrieved
1362:
1351:. Retrieved
1344:the original
1326:
1312:
1298:
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1270:
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1242:
1222:
1215:
1204:. Retrieved
1188:
1174:
1163:. Retrieved
1161:. 2014-03-31
1149:
1138:. Retrieved
1133:
1121:
1110:. Retrieved
1106:the original
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719:patch cables
712:patch panels
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584:Form factors
573:rack-mounted
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115:bridging hub
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97:, a 50-port
84:
66:
57:
41:
995:IEEE 802.1D
969:full duplex
957:half duplex
868:network tap
803:IEEE 802.1X
786:IEEE 802.1Q
675:web browser
1628:Categories
1601:2019-01-08
1554:2007-05-25
1533:2021-04-29
1378:2015-08-11
1353:2015-08-11
1206:2024-08-19
1165:2015-08-17
1140:2013-12-10
1112:2008-02-25
1082:US 4597078
1017:2014-08-05
983:References
847:monitoring
759:(STP) and
748:and other
459:VoIP phone
431:, network
418:Token Ring
302:broadcasts
210:InfiniBand
148:that uses
127:MAC bridge
1011:cisco.com
843:monitored
606:enclosure
337:broadband
294:OSI model
158:OSI model
137:by using
1634:Ethernet
1563:cite web
874:See also
752:features
736:settings
610:DIN rail
575:24-port
547:without
484:Bridging
478:Ethernet
438:Through
429:firewall
223:Overview
177:Ethernet
99:Ethernet
60:May 2024
788:tagging
526:uplinks
474:Kalpana
422:routers
399:RapidIO
215:Unlike
190:Kalpana
166:routing
46:Please
1507:11 May
1485:11 May
1230:
1136:. 2002
1088:
1064:
961:either
807:LLDP (
734:duplex
714:using
708:D-Link
663:telnet
604:or an
579:switch
414:802.11
372:XENPAK
349:router
208:, and
101:switch
1479:(PDF)
1472:(PDF)
1347:(PDF)
1336:(PDF)
1201:Cisco
1197:(PDF)
1130:(PDF)
1046:1984.
943:Notes
861:sFlow
791:NTP (
563:Types
557:TRILL
407:ITU-T
129:) is
92:Avaya
1569:link
1509:2012
1487:2012
1454:2008
1228:ISBN
1062:ISBN
856:RMON
577:3Com
555:and
545:tree
446:and
412:and
410:G.hn
185:FDDI
123:IEEE
1340:IBM
973:and
955:In
838:not
665:or
461:or
403:ATM
343:or
341:DSL
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