77:
219:
52:
294:, typically deeper than 300 m (980 ft). This species can be distinguished from other lanternsharks by its coloration, which is a uniform dark gray or brown without the ventral surface being much darker and clearly delineated from the rest of the body. The brown lanternshark feeds on small
477:
The dermal denticles of this shark are tiny and densely placed with no regular pattern; each denticle has a four-cornered base and rises to a narrow, slightly curved point. The denticles of females are firmly attached, while those of males are easily removed. The coloration is a plain dark gray or
457:
The brown lanternshark has a robust, almost cylindrical body with a wide, flattened head. Around 28 tooth rows are in the upper jaw and 34 tooth rows are in the lower jaw. The upper teeth have a pointed central cusp flanked by fewer than three pairs of lateral cusplets, while the bottom teeth are
478:
brown, slightly darker below and lighter on the dorsal fin margins. Unlike other lanternsharks, there is a not a sharp contrast between the dorsal and ventral colors. There is a horizontal black line on the base of the tail, and another fainter black mark over the
448:
at a depth of 402–1,380 m (1,319–4,528 ft), though is most common below 900 m (3,000 ft). It is generally found deeper than other lanternsharks that share its range, and may have midwater habits.
542:
by Yano and Tanaka (1989) found a 23% prevalence of hermaphroditism within the population. Of the 16 hermaphrodites examined, 15 were functional females (and some were pregnant) that also possessed well-developed
2836:
2678:
576:
2877:
2717:
2887:
2823:
2652:
584:
580:
2691:
957:
2743:
680:
2897:
915:
616:
800:
354:"sp. B" (known as the "bristled lanternshark") is now tentatively believed to be the same as this species. It is grouped with the
2849:
2769:
2892:
538:
at a length of 46 cm (18 in), and females at a length of 50 cm (20 in). A study of brown lanternsharks in
1326:
2696:
2422:
1335:
901:
Duffy, Clinton A. J.; Francis, Malcolm; Dunn, M. R.; Finucci, Brit; Ford, Richard; Hitchmough, Rod; Rolfe, Jeremy (2018).
902:
436:
sp. B are also considered, then the known range of this species is extended to off South Africa (and possibly southern
2613:
2600:
2474:
466:
is low with a minute leading spine; the second dorsal fin is twice as high as the first with a much larger spine. The
76:
2722:
1772:
950:
738:. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 June 2015.
355:
559:. The reason why so many sharks in Suruga Bay are hermaphroditic is unclear, but has been speculated to relate to
2263:
2129:
2045:
1736:
571:
Although it may be caught as bycatch and discarded, the brown lanternshark is harmless and of no significance to
2501:
2483:
2404:
1988:
1745:
1682:
1637:
1576:
1535:
526:
Like other lanternsharks, the brown lanternshark is ovoviviparous, meaning the young hatch inside the mother's
379:
2591:
2325:
2316:
2204:
2021:
1673:
1619:
482:. The maximum reported length is 64 cm (25 in) for males and 75 cm (30 in) for females.
2528:
2553:
2519:
2413:
1790:
1754:
1664:
1655:
1612:
1594:
1553:
1166:
1115:
387:
371:
363:
2618:
2171:
1808:
1781:
1646:
1585:
1097:
1079:
943:
499:
191:
208:
2854:
2774:
2343:
2309:
2180:
1911:
1700:
1544:
1383:
1245:
1236:
583:
classified the brown lanternshark as "Not
Threatened" with the qualifier "Secure Overseas" under the
2882:
2456:
2386:
2096:
1929:
1763:
1727:
1569:
1133:
1124:
1106:
1088:
441:
41:
534:. The litter size is 9–18. Newborns measure 17 cm (6.7 in) in length. Males reach
2465:
2138:
1979:
1938:
1920:
1817:
1718:
1709:
1691:
1628:
1562:
1392:
1317:
1052:
883:
773:
717:
548:
412:
395:
231:
71:
310:, with females giving birth to 9–18 young. An unusually high proportion of individuals in
2841:
2709:
2683:
2810:
2756:
2626:
2447:
2254:
2078:
1997:
1841:
1832:
1603:
1489:
1429:
1420:
1184:
1175:
1070:
921:
911:
676:
612:
218:
2761:
2440:
2431:
2368:
2359:
2334:
2272:
2105:
1507:
1480:
1471:
1157:
875:
837:
765:
709:
2605:
2730:
2492:
2350:
2162:
1902:
1453:
1221:
1212:
609:
Sharks of the World: An
Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date
535:
467:
403:
826:"Depth Distribution and Food Habits of Three Species of Small Squaloid Sharks off Choshi"
2510:
2395:
2213:
2087:
2069:
2012:
1498:
1444:
1043:
1020:
1004:
998:
128:
118:
56:
17:
2871:
2704:
2377:
2300:
2054:
1970:
1865:
1856:
1462:
1293:
1284:
904:
Conservation status of New
Zealand chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks and rays), 2016
887:
796:
752:, from the waters around New Zealand, and comparison with the southern lanternshark,
335:
315:
307:
61:
777:
2815:
2631:
2245:
2036:
1410:
1269:
1260:
1061:
1034:
967:
735:
424:
Confirmed specimens of the brown lanternshark have been captured from off southern
287:
275:
271:
158:
148:
862:
Yano, K. & Tanaka, S. (September 1989). "Hermaphroditism in the lantern shark
2801:
2665:
2585:
1956:
1359:
1350:
491:
410:
is a questionably valid species as it may be based on the brown lanternshark or
283:
2576:
935:
1883:
1522:
1374:
1202:
992:
925:
575:. Its conservation status has not been evaluated beyond Data Deficient by the
539:
479:
471:
463:
339:
311:
303:
299:
168:
696:
Springer, S. & Burgess, G.H. (August 5, 1985). "Two New Dwarf
Dogsharks (
2231:
2153:
2120:
572:
560:
459:
295:
291:
88:
458:
large and tipped with a strongly angled triangular cusp. The five pairs of
346:. In 1965, Tokiharu Abe redescribed this species and moved it to the genus
2735:
842:
825:
490:
The most important prey of the brown lanternshark are bony fishes (mainly
2795:
2639:
2570:
1893:
1308:
986:
809:
544:
531:
512:
445:
108:
2828:
2657:
2287:
879:
769:
721:
516:
437:
2670:
2644:
2195:
1148:
980:
556:
527:
425:
98:
2547:
713:
910:. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. p. 10.
326:
The brown lanternshark was first described by Robert
Engelhardt as
1010:
552:
504:
495:
343:
279:
138:
2748:
2551:
939:
748:
Yano, K. (1996). "First record of the brown lanternshark,
700:, Squalidae), Found off the Caribbean Coast of Colombia".
440:) and southern Australia. The brown lanternshark inhabits
611:. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization. p. 86.
671:
Compagno, L.J.V.; Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005).
2785:
2560:
2285:
2243:
2230:
2193:
2151:
2118:
2067:
2034:
2010:
1968:
1955:
1891:
1882:
1854:
1830:
1520:
1442:
1418:
1409:
1372:
1348:
1306:
1282:
1258:
1234:
1210:
1201:
1146:
1032:
1019:
857:
855:
853:
675:. Princeton University Press. pp. 108–109.
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
474:with the upper lobe much larger than the lower.
402:) in having irregularly arranged, needle-shaped
824:Baba, O.; Taniuchi, T. & Nose, Y. (1987).
577:International Union for Conservation of Nature
951:
318:, with both male and female characteristics.
8:
2548:
2240:
1965:
1888:
1415:
1207:
1029:
958:
944:
936:
791:
789:
787:
602:
600:
217:
50:
31:
841:
734:McCormack, C. & Valenti, S.V. 2009.
585:New Zealand Threat Classification System
551:), while one was a functional male with
270:) is a little-known species of deep-sea
639:Abe, T. (February 15, 1965). "Notes on
596:
494:), followed by cephalopods (mainly the
634:
632:
630:
628:
7:
2878:IUCN Red List data deficient species
428:, Japan, and around New Zealand. If
503:), and finally crustaceans (mainly
330:in 1912, in the scientific journal
25:
1327:South China cookiecutter shark (
462:are relatively large. The first
226:Range of the brown lanternshark
75:
2888:Taxa named by Robert Engelhardt
2423:Indonesian shortsnout spurdog (
1336:Largetooth cookiecutter shark (
645:Japanese Journal of Ichthyology
579:. In June 2018 the New Zealand
866:(Squalidae, chondrichthyes)".
515:of this shark is a species of
1:
2475:Indonesian greeneye spurdog (
338:was a 55-cm-long female from
1773:Velvet belly lantern shark (
470:is short, leading to a long
2264:Southern mandarin dogfish (
2130:Smallmouth velvet dogfish (
2046:Largespine velvet dogfish (
1737:Dense-scale lantern shark (
2914:
2898:Marine fish of New Zealand
2502:Western longnose spurdog (
2484:Western longnose spurdog (
2405:Eastern longnose spurdog (
1989:Shortnose velvet dogfish (
1746:West Indian lanternshark (
1683:Slendertail lanternshark (
1638:Broadbanded lanternshark (
1577:Cylindrical lanternshark (
1536:New Zealand lanternshark (
581:Department of Conservation
356:velvet belly lantern shark
250:Myagkov & Pavlov, 1986
2326:Western highfin spurdog (
2317:Eastern highfin spurdog (
2205:Japanese velvet dogfish (
2022:Longnose velvet dogfish (
1674:Blackbelly lanternshark (
1620:Blackmouth lanternshark (
975:
607:Compagno, L.J.V. (1984).
237:
230:
225:
216:
197:
190:
72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
34:
2520:Kermadec spiny dogfish (
2414:Northern spiny dogfish (
1791:Tasmanian lanternshark (
1755:Fringefin lanternshark (
1665:Smalleye lantern shark (
1656:Caribbean lanternshark (
1595:Combtooth lanternshark (
1554:Shorttail lanternshark (
1167:Rough longnose dogfish (
1116:Leafscale gulper shark (
799:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
420:Distribution and habitat
380:broadbanded lanternshark
2529:Spotted spiny dogfish (
2172:Pacific sleeper shark (
1809:Hawaiian lanternshark (
1782:Splendid lanternshark (
1647:Southern lanternshark (
1586:Tailspot lanternshark (
1098:Smallfin gulper shark (
1080:Blackfin gulper shark (
868:Ichthyological Research
830:Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi
758:Ichthyological Research
530:and are sustained by a
247:Etmopterus tasmaniensis
18:Etmopterus tasmaniensis
2893:Fish described in 1912
2181:Little sleeper shark (
1912:Caribbean roughshark (
1701:African lanternshark (
1545:Blurred lanternshark (
1384:Smalleye pygmy shark (
1246:Longnose pygmy shark (
388:combtooth lanternshark
372:fringefin lanternshark
364:Caribbean lanternshark
2457:Blacktailed spurdog (
2097:Sparsetooth dogfish (
1930:Japanese roughshark (
1764:Thorny lanternshark (
1728:Smooth lanternshark (
1134:Little gulper shark (
1125:Mosaic gulper shark (
1107:Taiwan gulper shark (
1089:Lowfin gulper shark (
843:10.2331/suisan.53.417
500:Watasenia scintillans
332:Zoologischer Anzeiger
264:bristled lanternshark
2466:Shortspine spurdog (
2139:Knifetooth dogfish (
1980:Portuguese dogfish (
1939:Sailfin roughshark (
1921:Angular roughshark (
1818:Green lanternshark (
1800:Brown lanternshark (
1719:False lanternshark (
1710:Great lanternshark (
1692:Dwarf lanternshark (
1629:Pygmy lanternshark (
1393:Spined pygmy shark (
1318:Cookiecutter shark (
1053:Dwarf gulper shark (
813:. July 2009 version.
408:Etmopterus compagnoi
286:, and possibly also
2606:Etmopterus_unicolor
2592:Etmopterus unicolor
2562:Etmopterus unicolor
2448:Shortnose spurdog (
2255:Roughskin spurdog (
2079:Whitetail dogfish (
1998:Roughskin dogfish (
1842:Rasptooth dogfish (
1721:E. pseudosqualiolus
1604:Pink lanternshark (
1490:Combtooth dogfish (
1430:Hooktooth dogfish (
1185:Longsnout dogfish (
1176:Arrowhead dogfish (
1071:Dumb gulper shark (
864:Etmopterus unicolor
803:Etmopterus unicolor
750:Etmopterus unicolor
736:Etmopterus unicolor
673:Sharks of the World
641:Etmopterus unicolor
555:tissue in the left
549:intromittent organs
486:Biology and ecology
442:continental shelves
268:Etmopterus unicolor
201:Etmopterus unicolor
42:Conservation status
35:Brown lanternshark
2432:Japanese spurdog (
2387:Edmund's spurdog (
2369:Fatspine spurdog (
2360:Greeneye spurdog (
2335:Longnose spurdog (
2273:Mandarin dogfish (
2106:Sherwood dogfish (
1508:Whitefin dogfish (
1481:Bareskin dogfish (
1472:Granular dogfish (
1158:Birdbeak dogfish (
880:10.1007/BF02905618
770:10.1007/BF02672759
567:Human interactions
413:Etmopterus baxteri
396:dwarf lanternshark
306:. Reproduction is
278:. It is found off
260:brown lanternshark
2865:
2864:
2757:Open Tree of Life
2554:Taxon identifiers
2545:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2493:Bartail spurdog (
2351:Bighead spurdog (
2226:
2225:
2163:Greenland shark (
1951:
1950:
1903:Prickly dogfish (
1878:
1877:
1597:E. decacuspidatus
1454:Highfin dogfish (
1405:
1404:
1222:Taillight shark (
1197:
1196:
1187:D. quadrispinosum
1055:C. atromarginatus
682:978-0-691-12072-0
392:E. decacuspidatus
350:. The Australian
256:
255:
251:
244:
65:
16:(Redirected from
2905:
2858:
2857:
2845:
2844:
2832:
2831:
2819:
2818:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2778:
2777:
2765:
2764:
2752:
2751:
2739:
2738:
2726:
2725:
2713:
2712:
2700:
2699:
2687:
2686:
2674:
2673:
2661:
2660:
2648:
2647:
2635:
2634:
2622:
2621:
2609:
2608:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2549:
2511:Cyrano spurdog (
2396:Taiwan spurdog (
2294:
2241:
2237:
2236:(Dogfish sharks)
2214:Velvet dogfish (
2165:S. microcephalus
2088:Azores dogfish (
1991:C. cryptacanthus
1966:
1962:
1961:(Sleeper sharks)
1889:
1640:E. gracilispinis
1529:
1528:(Lantern sharks)
1499:Ornate dogfish (
1416:
1237:Heteroscymnoides
1213:Euprotomicroides
1208:
1044:Needle dogfish (
1030:
1026:
960:
953:
946:
937:
930:
929:
909:
898:
892:
891:
859:
848:
847:
845:
821:
815:
814:
793:
782:
781:
745:
739:
732:
726:
725:
693:
687:
686:
668:
653:
652:
636:
623:
622:
604:
404:dermal denticles
384:E. gracilispinis
249:
243:Engelhardt, 1912
242:
221:
203:
183:E. unicolor
80:
79:
59:
54:
53:
32:
27:Species of shark
21:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2853:
2848:
2840:
2835:
2827:
2822:
2814:
2809:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2787:Spinax unicolor
2781:
2773:
2768:
2760:
2755:
2747:
2742:
2734:
2731:Observation.org
2729:
2721:
2716:
2708:
2703:
2695:
2690:
2682:
2677:
2669:
2664:
2656:
2651:
2643:
2638:
2630:
2625:
2617:
2612:
2604:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2556:
2546:
2537:
2495:S. notocaudatus
2378:Cuban dogfish (
2371:S. crassispinus
2345:S. brevirostris
2311:S. acutirostris
2301:Spiny dogfish (
2292:
2291:
2281:
2235:
2234:
2222:
2189:
2147:
2114:
2063:
2055:Plunket shark (
2048:P. macracanthus
2030:
2006:
1960:
1959:
1947:
1874:
1866:Viper dogfish (
1850:
1826:
1793:E. tasmaniensis
1588:E. caudistigmus
1527:
1526:
1516:
1463:Black dogfish (
1438:
1401:
1368:
1344:
1320:I. brasiliensis
1302:
1294:Kitefin shark (
1278:
1254:
1230:
1224:E. zantedeschia
1193:
1142:
1025:(Gulper sharks)
1024:
1023:
1015:
971:
964:
934:
933:
918:
907:
900:
899:
895:
861:
860:
851:
823:
822:
818:
795:
794:
785:
747:
746:
742:
733:
729:
714:10.2307/1444748
695:
694:
690:
683:
670:
669:
656:
638:
637:
626:
619:
606:
605:
598:
593:
569:
536:sexual maturity
488:
468:caudal peduncle
455:
422:
328:Spinax unicolor
324:
245:
240:Spinax unicolor
212:
205:
199:
186:
74:
66:
55:
51:
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2911:
2909:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2870:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2846:
2833:
2820:
2807:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2766:
2753:
2740:
2727:
2714:
2701:
2688:
2675:
2662:
2649:
2636:
2623:
2610:
2597:
2582:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2543:
2542:
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2538:
2536:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2463:
2454:
2445:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2362:S. chloroculus
2357:
2348:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2270:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2238:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2216:Z. squamulosus
2211:
2201:
2199:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2070:Scymnodalatias
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2013:Centroselachus
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1963:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1857:Trigonognathus
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1653:
1644:
1635:
1626:
1617:
1614:E. dislineatus
1610:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1487:
1478:
1469:
1460:
1450:
1448:
1445:Centroscyllium
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
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1324:
1314:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1270:Pocket shark (
1266:
1264:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1182:
1178:D. profundorum
1173:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1131:
1127:C. tessellatus
1122:
1113:
1104:
1100:C. moluccensis
1095:
1091:C. lusitanicus
1086:
1077:
1068:
1062:Gulper shark (
1059:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1027:
1021:Centrophoridae
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1005:Elasmobranchii
1001:
999:Chondrichthyes
995:
989:
983:
976:
973:
972:
965:
963:
962:
955:
948:
940:
932:
931:
916:
893:
874:(3): 338–345.
849:
836:(3): 417–424.
816:
797:Froese, Rainer
783:
740:
727:
708:(3): 584–591.
688:
681:
654:
624:
617:
595:
594:
592:
589:
568:
565:
487:
484:
454:
451:
421:
418:
323:
320:
316:hermaphrodites
274:in the family
254:
253:
235:
234:
228:
227:
223:
222:
214:
213:
206:
195:
194:
188:
187:
180:
178:
174:
173:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
129:Elasmobranchii
126:
122:
121:
119:Chondrichthyes
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
68:
67:
57:Data Deficient
49:
46:
45:
40:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2910:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2534:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2522:S. raoulensis
2518:
2516:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2477:S. montalbani
2473:
2471:
2469:
2468:S. mitsukurii
2464:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2425:S. hemipinnis
2421:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2353:S. bucephalus
2349:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2337:S. blainville
2333:
2331:
2329:
2328:S. altipinnis
2324:
2322:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2239:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2024:C. crepidater
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1982:C. coelolepis
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1971:Centroscymnus
1967:
1964:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1914:O. caribbaeus
1910:
1908:
1906:
1905:O. bruniensis
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1784:E. splendidus
1780:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1739:E. pycnolepis
1735:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1649:E. granulosus
1645:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1556:E. brachyurus
1552:
1550:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1474:C. granulatum
1470:
1468:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1395:S. laticaudus
1391:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1362:E. bispinatus
1360:Pygmy shark (
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1351:Euprotomicrus
1347:
1341:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1169:D. hystricosa
1165:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1073:C. harrissoni
1069:
1067:
1065:
1064:C. granulosus
1060:
1058:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
994:
990:
988:
984:
982:
978:
977:
974:
969:
968:dogfish shark
961:
956:
954:
949:
947:
942:
941:
938:
927:
923:
919:
917:9781988514628
913:
906:
905:
897:
894:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
858:
856:
854:
850:
844:
839:
835:
831:
827:
820:
817:
812:
811:
806:
804:
798:
792:
790:
788:
784:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
754:E. granulosus
751:
744:
741:
737:
731:
728:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
692:
689:
684:
678:
674:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
655:
651:(3/6): 64–69.
650:
646:
642:
635:
633:
631:
629:
625:
620:
618:92-5-101384-5
614:
610:
603:
601:
597:
590:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
566:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
519:in the genus
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:
497:
493:
492:lanternfishes
485:
483:
481:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
452:
450:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
419:
417:
415:
414:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:type specimen
333:
329:
321:
319:
317:
313:
309:
308:ovoviviparous
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:dogfish shark
269:
265:
261:
252:
248:
241:
236:
233:
229:
224:
220:
215:
210:
204:
202:
196:
193:
192:Binomial name
189:
185:
184:
179:
176:
175:
172:
171:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:Selachimorpha
137:
135:Subdivision:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
78:
73:
69:
63:
58:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2786:
2561:
2530:
2521:
2513:S. rancureli
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2459:S. melanurus
2458:
2449:
2441:
2434:S. japonicus
2433:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2327:
2319:S. albifrons
2318:
2310:
2303:S. acanthias
2302:
2286:
2274:
2266:C. australis
2265:
2256:
2246:Cirrhigaleus
2244:
2215:
2207:Z. ichiharai
2206:
2194:
2183:S. rostratus
2182:
2174:S. pacificus
2173:
2164:
2152:
2140:
2131:
2119:
2108:S. sherwoodi
2107:
2098:
2089:
2081:S. albicauda
2080:
2068:
2056:
2047:
2037:Proscymnodon
2035:
2023:
2011:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1969:
1941:O. paradoxus
1940:
1932:O. japonicus
1931:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1892:
1867:
1855:
1843:
1833:Miroscyllium
1831:
1819:
1810:
1801:
1799:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1667:E. litvinovi
1666:
1658:E. hillianus
1657:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1621:
1613:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1570:
1563:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1521:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1483:C. kamoharai
1482:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1443:
1431:
1419:
1411:Etmopteridae
1394:
1385:
1373:
1361:
1349:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1307:
1295:
1283:
1271:
1259:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1211:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1147:
1135:
1126:
1118:C. squamosus
1117:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1035:Centrophorus
1033:
1009:Subdivision
903:
896:
871:
867:
863:
833:
829:
819:
808:
802:
764:(1): 61–72.
761:
757:
753:
749:
743:
730:
705:
701:
697:
691:
672:
648:
644:
640:
608:
570:
525:
520:
509:Acanthephyra
508:
498:
489:
476:
456:
433:
430:E. compagnoi
429:
423:
411:
407:
399:
391:
383:
375:
368:E. hillianus
367:
359:
351:
347:
331:
327:
325:
288:South Africa
276:Etmopteridae
267:
263:
259:
257:
246:
239:
238:
200:
198:
182:
181:
169:
159:Etmopteridae
149:Squaliformes
29:
2666:iNaturalist
2586:Wikispecies
2531:S. suckleyi
2450:S. megalops
2442:S. lalannei
2416:s. griffini
2398:S. formosus
2389:S. edmundsi
2380:S. cubensis
2275:C. barbifer
2132:S. obscurus
2099:S. oligodon
2090:S. garricki
2057:P. plunketi
1957:Somniosidae
1923:O. centrina
1811:E. villosus
1802:E. unicolor
1766:E. sentosus
1757:E. schultzi
1730:E. pusillus
1712:E. princeps
1606:E. dianthus
1571:E. burgessi
1547:E. bigelowi
1465:C. fabricii
1456:C. excelsum
1338:I. plutodus
1329:I. labialis
1261:Mollisquama
1109:C. niaukang
511:). A known
480:pelvic fins
453:Description
376:E. schultzi
304:crustaceans
300:cephalopods
296:bony fishes
284:New Zealand
2883:Etmopterus
2872:Categories
2504:S. nasutus
2486:S. nasutus
2407:S. grahami
2293:(Spurdogs)
2141:S. ringens
2000:C. owstoni
1884:Oxynotidae
1868:T. kabeyai
1844:M. sheikoi
1748:E. robinsi
1685:E. molleri
1676:E. lucifer
1579:E. carteri
1564:E. bullisi
1538:E. baxteri
1523:Etmopterus
1510:C. ritteri
1501:C. ornatum
1375:Squaliolus
1248:H. marleyi
1203:Dalatiidae
993:Vertebrata
991:Subphylum
926:1042901090
698:Etmopterus
591:References
540:Suruga Bay
521:Lerneopoda
472:caudal fin
464:dorsal fin
460:gill slits
352:Etmopterus
348:Etmopterus
340:Sagami Bay
312:Suruga Bay
209:Engelhardt
170:Etmopterus
125:Subclass:
2802:Q56161015
2710:124696811
2232:Squalidae
2154:Somniosus
2121:Scymnodon
1820:E. virens
1775:E. spinax
1694:E. perryi
1622:E. evansi
1492:C. nigrum
1272:M. parini
1160:D. calcea
1082:C. isodon
1003:Subclass
888:198499035
573:fisheries
561:pollution
446:seamounts
400:E. perryi
360:E. spinax
292:Australia
177:Species:
95:Kingdom:
89:Eukaryota
2842:10156196
2796:Wikidata
2684:10148539
2640:FishBase
2577:Q3760674
2571:Wikidata
2257:C. asper
1894:Oxynotus
1703:E. polli
1631:E. fusus
1432:A. nigra
1421:Aculeola
1386:S. aliae
1309:Isistius
1296:D. licha
1285:Dalatias
1136:C. uyato
1011:Selachii
987:Chordata
981:Animalia
979:Kingdom
810:FishBase
778:20162951
545:claspers
532:yolk sac
513:parasite
507:such as
322:Taxonomy
232:Synonyms
155:Family:
109:Chordata
105:Phylum:
99:Animalia
85:Domain:
62:IUCN 3.1
2829:5216407
2658:2421051
2288:Squalus
1046:C. acus
985:Phylum
970:species
966:Extant
722:1444748
553:ovarian
517:copepod
438:Namibia
394:), and
211:, 1912)
165:Genus:
145:Order:
115:Class:
60: (
2855:321633
2775:271645
2762:592868
2749:271645
2736:804751
2723:496069
2697:551504
2671:100599
2619:183101
2196:Zameus
1149:Deania
997:Class
924:
914:
886:
776:
720:
702:Copeia
679:
615:
557:testis
547:(male
528:uterus
505:prawns
426:Honshu
334:. The
302:, and
2850:WoRMS
2837:IRMNG
2816:4Z59K
2770:WoRMS
2679:IRMNG
2632:3BM8D
908:(PDF)
884:S2CID
774:S2CID
718:JSTOR
496:squid
344:Japan
280:Japan
2824:GBIF
2744:OBIS
2718:NCBI
2705:IUCN
2692:ITIS
2653:GBIF
2614:BOLD
922:OCLC
912:ISBN
706:1985
677:ISBN
613:ISBN
444:and
432:and
314:are
290:and
282:and
258:The
2811:CoL
2645:688
2627:CoL
2601:AFD
876:doi
838:doi
766:doi
756:".
710:doi
643:".
386:),
378:),
370:),
362:),
262:or
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