20:
146:. It was Cristescu who gave the order for a special unit, later known as Operational Echelon I, to enter Moldavia, which it did on 18 June 1941 (four days before Romania joined combat), equipped with information on local Jewsâ situation, location and living conditions, and large quantities of posters depicting distorted faces of Jews or which called them spies or saboteurs. Nine days later, the
190:, holding out the prospect of an armistice whereby Romania would switch sides in the war. He was aware of the secret armistice negotiations being undertaken by the leaders of the political opposition with the British and the Americans. Germany pressed for their arrest, but Cristescu (again so directed by Antonescu) assured them their protection, and even took part in the discussions.
150:
was carried out. According to postwar testimony offered by Traian
Borcescu, head of the SSI's counter-intelligence section between 1941 and 1944, âas to the preparation and staging of the IaČi massacres, I suspect that they were the handiwork of the First Operative Echelon, since Eugen Cristescu told
126:
was arrested, he became chief of the
Special Intelligence Service. During his whole career, six orders and two medals were conferred upon him. He was sanctioned but once, on 9 November 1932, by the Interior Minister, âfined through loss of salary for one day for insubordinationâ, without details
121:
After finishing university, he worked for fourteen years at
SiguranČa Statului, followed by six years in leadership posts at the Interior Ministry. He steadily climbed the professional ladder, from bureau undersecretary to general director. In November 1940, two months after his predecessor
248:, he was sentenced to death for "war crimes and the national disaster". High Royal Decree nr. 1746 commuted his sentence to hard labour for life, along with those of Lecca (former commissioner general for the Jewish question) and General Pantazi. This decree was initiated by
151:
me when he returned to
Bucharest: âThe great deeds I accomplished in Moldavia, I accomplished in collaboration with Supreme Headquarters, Section IIââ. In his own written postwar deposition, Cristescu denied SSI involvement at IaČi, claiming it had been organised by the
202:
took place and brought
Romania over to the Allies, but the event took Cristescu by surprise. He was arrested on 24 September, initially interrogated by the Romanian authorities. On 14 October, the Allied Soviet High Command took him into custody; together with generals
182:, in which three British agents were parachuted into Romania on 23 December 1943, captured, and interrogated directly by Cristescu (with Antonescu's approval), who refused to hand them over for questioning in
67:
into a large, poor family. His father Ioan was a schoolteacher there, while his mother's main occupation was raising her six sons and three daughters. His brothers were Ioan, chief of staff at the
82:
Prefecture; Mircea, employee of the
Foreign Ministry's Protocol Service; and Gheorghe, head of the photo identification service and then a director in the Secret Intelligence Service of the
113:(reduced term sergeant) in the sanitary service. He continued his university studies after the war ended, and received the title of doctor in legal sciences six years after graduating.
496:
163:
instigated and took part in the pogrom; it is unlikely that
Cristescu acted on his own initiative, and later testimony from SSI officers indicates that he kept both Foreign Minister
541:
546:
521:
531:
516:
486:
526:
491:
551:
536:
506:
501:
414:
481:
130:
Cristescu, who unlike
Moruzov was totally obedient to Antonescu, assumed leadership of the SSI at a time when Romania was a satellite of
511:
382:
342:
305:
249:
139:
98:
245:
439:
35:
138:
but rapidly preparing for it. His political mission included internal espionage against political figures and especially
187:
175:
178:
led the SSI, at
Cristescu's order, to cultivate links with the Alliesâ intelligence services. Of particular note was
334:
261:
106:
174:
as well as German. Relations with
Germany were fairly steady until November 1942, when crushing losses on the
86:, which on 13 November 1940, a day after Eugen became its head, was renamed the Special Intelligence Service.
265:
204:
199:
171:
215:
476:
471:
179:
83:
72:
209:
170:
Cristescu closely monitored the significant spy networks operating on Romanian soil during the warâ
369:
Ioanid, Radu (2004). "The IaČi pogrom of June 1941". In Cesarani, David; Kavanaugh, Sarah (eds.).
226:
31:
420:
410:
378:
348:
338:
311:
301:
230:
156:
220:
34:'s domestic espionage agency, the Secret Intelligence Service (SSI), forerunner of today's
164:
19:
64:
147:
123:
465:
398:
257:
90:
75:
405:(in Romanian). Institutul de Investigare a Crimelor Comunismului ĂŽn România. IaČi:
135:
131:
68:
39:
43:
253:
102:
234:
160:
424:
315:
374:
352:
229:, Marshal Ion Antonescu and his wife Maria, and professors Mihai Antonescu,
142:, of whom exact lists with their names were being drawn up, particularly in
79:
186:. Using the three, over the following months Cristescu bargained with the
143:
406:
152:
94:
97:, graduating in 1916. That year he enrolled at the Law Faculty of the
238:
183:
60:
71:
prefecture; Vasile, lieutenant colonel in the personal guard of
30:(3 April 1895 – 12 June 1950) was the second head of the
264:; the official autopsy record indicated his death was due to
403:
DicČionarul penitenciarelor din România comunistÄ: 1945â1967
23:
Cristescu's mug shot, taken shortly before his death in 1950
167:
and Ion Antonescu informed about the massacresâ progress.
93:, Cristescu attended the Veniamin Theological Seminary in
159:. It is certain that the SSI armed members of the banned
298:
MaeČtrii culiselor secrete: file din istoria spionajului
256:
government. In May 1946, Cristescu was incarcerated at
371:
The Holocaust: Critical Concepts in Historical Studies
497:Directors of the Romanian Intelligence Service
252:, Justice Minister in the Communist-dominated
241:, where the group remained until spring 1946.
8:
542:Romanian people who died in prison custody
331:The silent Holocaust: Romania and its Jews
440:"Eugen Cristescu, Čeful spionilor români"
329:Butnaru, Ion C.; Spodheim, Renee (1992).
547:Prisoners who died in Romanian detention
522:Romanian collaborators with Nazi Germany
364:
362:
333:. Mazal Holocaust Collection. New York:
18:
532:Prisoners sentenced to death by Romania
517:Romanian people convicted of war crimes
487:Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church
277:
291:
289:
287:
285:
283:
281:
527:Romanian prisoners sentenced to death
492:Alexandru Ioan Cuza University alumni
101:, but interrupted his studies due to
7:
244:On 17 May 1946, accused before the
89:After finishing primary school in
42:. He previously served as head of
14:
537:People detained by the Securitate
507:Holocaust perpetrators in Romania
260:. He died four years later in
1:
502:20th-century Romanian lawyers
78:; Mihai, commissioner at the
300:. Bucharest: Editura Logos.
552:Inmates of VÄcÄreČti Prison
246:Bucharest People's Tribunal
16:Romanian intelligence chief
568:
38:, convicted in 1946 as a
512:Inmates of Jilava Prison
482:People from BacÄu County
266:coronary artery disease
198:On 23 August 1944, the
134:, formally not yet in
105:. He took part in the
59:Cristescu was born in
24:
205:Constantin Z. Vasiliu
46:, the secret police.
22:
180:Operation Autonomous
107:autumn 1916 campaign
296:EČan, Ioan (1999).
250:LucreČiu PÄtrÄČcanu
200:King Michael's Coup
237:, he was taken to
227:Constantin Tobescu
216:Constantin Pantazi
99:University of IaČi
44:SiguranČa Statului
32:Kingdom of Romania
25:
438:TÄnase, Tiberiu.
416:978-973-46-0893-5
231:Gheorghe Alexianu
109:with the rank of
559:
456:
455:
453:
451:
435:
429:
428:
395:
389:
388:
366:
357:
356:
326:
320:
319:
293:
262:VÄcÄreČti Prison
224:
213:
567:
566:
562:
561:
560:
558:
557:
556:
462:
461:
460:
459:
449:
447:
437:
436:
432:
417:
397:
396:
392:
385:
368:
367:
360:
345:
335:Greenwood Press
328:
327:
323:
308:
295:
294:
279:
274:
218:
207:
196:
165:Mihai Antonescu
127:being offered.
119:
57:
52:
28:Eugen Cristescu
17:
12:
11:
5:
565:
563:
555:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
464:
463:
458:
457:
430:
415:
399:Muraru, Andrei
390:
383:
358:
343:
321:
306:
276:
275:
273:
270:
195:
192:
124:Mihail Moruzov
118:
115:
56:
53:
51:
48:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
564:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
469:
467:
450:September 13,
446:(in Romanian)
445:
441:
434:
431:
426:
422:
418:
412:
408:
404:
400:
394:
391:
386:
384:0-415-27512-1
380:
376:
372:
365:
363:
359:
354:
350:
346:
344:0-313-27985-3
340:
336:
332:
325:
322:
317:
313:
309:
307:9789739827973
303:
299:
292:
290:
288:
286:
284:
282:
278:
271:
269:
267:
263:
259:
258:Jilava Prison
255:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
222:
217:
211:
206:
201:
193:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
176:Eastern Front
173:
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
125:
116:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
87:
85:
84:Romanian Army
81:
77:
76:Ion Antonescu
74:
70:
66:
62:
54:
49:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
21:
448:. Retrieved
443:
433:
402:
393:
370:
330:
324:
297:
243:
197:
169:
136:World War II
132:Nazi Germany
129:
120:
110:
88:
69:Ilfov County
65:BacÄu County
58:
40:war criminal
27:
26:
477:1950 deaths
472:1895 births
254:Petru Groza
219: [
208: [
148:IaČi pogrom
103:World War I
466:Categories
235:Radu Lecca
161:Iron Guard
111:sergent TR
91:Târgu Ocna
55:Early life
425:297531689
375:Routledge
316:895672054
80:Bucharest
50:Biography
444:Historia
401:(2008).
353:23941065
194:Downfall
155:and the
144:Moldavia
407:Polirom
153:Gestapo
73:Marshal
423:
413:
381:
351:
341:
314:
304:
239:Moscow
233:, and
225:, and
184:Berlin
172:Allied
117:Career
272:Notes
223:]
212:]
61:Oituz
452:2020
421:OCLC
411:ISBN
379:ISBN
349:OCLC
339:ISBN
312:OCLC
302:ISBN
140:Jews
95:IaČi
188:SOE
36:SRI
468::
442:.
419:.
409:.
377:.
373:.
361:^
347:.
337:.
310:.
280:^
268:.
221:ro
214:,
210:ro
157:SD
63:,
454:.
427:.
387:.
355:.
318:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
