336:, where Nida begins by asserting that given that "no two languages are identical, either in the meanings given to corresponding symbols or in the ways in which symbols are arranged in phrases and sentences, it stands to reason that there can be no absolute correspondence between languages. Hence, there can be no fully exact translations." While the impact of a translation may be close to the original, there can be no identity in detail.
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While reminding that while there are no such things as "identical equivalents" in translating, Nida asserts that a translator must find the "closest natural equivalent." Here he distinguishes between two approaches to the translation task and types of translation: Formal
Equivalence (F-E) and Dynamic
346:
The purpose of the author and of the translator: to give information on both form and content; to aim at full intelligibility of the reader so he/she may understand the full implications of the message; for imperative purposes that aim at not just understanding the translation but also at ensuring no
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to concept. Such a formal orientation that typifies this type of structural equivalence is called a "gloss translation" in which the translator aims at reproducing as literally and meaningfully as possible the form and content of the original.
221:. He was ordained as a Baptist minister. He married Althea Lucille Sprague in 1943 and settled in Greenwich, Connecticut. Althea Sprague died in 1993. In 1997, he married MarĂa Elena Fernandez-Miranda, a lawyer and diplomatic attache.
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and embark upon creating a translation which not only transfers what words mean in a given context, but also recreates the impact of the original text within the limits of the translator's own language system (linked to this topic:
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is a much more complex discipline than may first appear, with the translator having to look beyond the text itself to deconstruct on an intra-textual level and decode on a referential level—assessing culture-specific items,
389:
D-E on the other hand aims at complete "naturalness" of expression. A D-E translation is directed primarily towards equivalence of response rather than equivalence of form. The relationship between the target language
259:(UBS) to produce cross-denominational Bibles in translations across the globe. This work began in 1968 and was carried on in accordance with Nida's translation principle of Functional Equivalence.
450:). For example, a statement that Jesus "met" someone must be carefully translated into a language which distinguishes between "met for the first time", "met habitually" and "encounter."
327:(ST) can be achieved by assessing the inter-animation of words on the page, and that meaning is self-contained within the text (i.e. much more focused on achieving semantic equivalence).
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191:, Mexico, until health problems due to an inadequate diet and the high altitude forced him to leave. Sometime in this period, Nida became a founding charter member of
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Nida retired in the early 1980s, although he continued to give lectures in universities all around the world, and lived in Alpine, Arizona, USA; Madrid, Spain and
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The principles governing an F-E translation would then be: reproduction of grammatical units; consistency in word usage; and meanings in terms of the source
170:
on
November 11, 1914. He became a Christian at a young age, when he responded to the altar call at his church "to accept Christ as my Saviour."
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248:(ABS). He was quickly promoted to Associate Secretary for Versions, then worked as Executive Secretary for Translations until his retirement.
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His most notable contribution to translation theory is
Dynamic Equivalence, also known as Functional Equivalence. For more information, see "
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The nature of the message: in some messages the content is of primary consideration, and in others the form must be given a higher priority.
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in 1936. After graduating he attended Camp
Wycliffe, where Bible translation theory was taught. He ministered for a short time among the
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206:, where he obtained a master's degree in New Testament Greek in 1939. In that same year he became interim pastor of Calvary Church of
781:, Morris Publishing, 2004. (Contains a lengthy chapter about Nida's life and religious beliefs) Still in print and available through
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and message should be substantially the same as that which existed between the original (source language) receptors and the message.
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301:. It remained the only thorough introduction to the field for decades and is still valuable for its many examples and exercises.
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following the resignation of its founding pastor. Despite his conservative background, in later years Nida became increasingly
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F-E focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content. Such translations then would be concerned with such
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Understanding Latin
Americans: With Special Reference to Religious Values and Movements – (William Carey Library, 1974)
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753:, Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart 2013, 2nd edition 2016, 481 pp. (contains comprehensive bibliography of Nida).
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316:" = male + unmarried). This is, perhaps, not the best example of the technique, though it is the most well-known.
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as a whole; and the translation must be in accordance with the context of the message which involves the
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technique, which split words into their components to help determine equivalence in translation (e.g. "
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This theory, along with other theories of correspondence in translating, are elaborated in his essay
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Nida, Eugene (1995). "Principi di traduzione esemplificati dalla traduzione della Bibbia". In
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Kommunikative BibelĂĽbersetzung. Eugene A. Nida und sein Modell der dynamischen Ă„quivalenz
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https://web.archive.org/web/20080411033537/http://en.literaturabautista.com/node/22
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Nida then sets forth three factors that must be taken into account in translating:
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Watt, Johnathan. 2005. The contributions of Eugene A. Nida to sociolinguistics.
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Stine, Philip. 2004. Eugene A. Nida: A Historical and
Contemporary Assessment.
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Nida's dynamic-equivalence theory is often held in opposition to the views of
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University of
Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
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The Greek-English
Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains
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465:– (Glendale, CA: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1944 (Revised 1947))
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A review of the book: Nida, Eugene A. (2003) Fascinated by
Languages
613:"Rev. Eugene A. Nida, Who Spurred a Babel of Bibles, is Dead at 96"
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Let the Words Be
Written: The Lasting Influence of Eugene A. Nida.
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Nida was instrumental in engineering the joint effort between the
438:, the Hermeneutic Motion, pragmatics, field, tenor, mode and the
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471:– (Journal founded and edited by Dr. Nida (retired), 1949- )
138:(November 11, 1914 – August 25, 2011) was an American
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and figurative language to achieve an understanding of the
350:
The type of audience: prospective audiences differ both in
397:
The principles governing a D-E translation then would be:
217:
In 1943, Nida received his Ph.D. in linguistics from the
697:"Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh: Honorary Graduates"
548:– (John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 2003)
542:– (John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 2002)
832:
The Eugene A. Nida Institute for Biblical Scholarship
728:. Ed. Lawrence Venuti. NY: Routledge, 2004. 153-167
413:selection and arrangement of message constituents.
108:
100:
86:
70:
51:
32:
779:The History of the Reina-Valera 1960 Spanish Bible
669:The History of the Reina-Valera 1960 Spanish Bible
636:Bankson, Benjamin A. "New Facts in Translations."
650:Calvary Church of Santa Ana, CA, previous pastors
232:. He died in Madrid on August 25, 2011, aged 96.
583:"Eugene Nida dies | United Bible Societies"
150:and is considered one of the founders of modern
801:. Ed. Lawrence Venuti. London: Routledge, 2004.
513:– (De Gruyter; Approaches to Semiotics col. 57)
797:Nida, Eugene. “Principles of Correspondence”.
724:Nida, Eugene. “Principles of Correspondence”.
475:Morphology: The Descriptive Analysis of Words
295:Morphology: The Descriptive Analysis of Words
8:
934:Fellows of the Linguistic Society of America
522:Language Structure and Translation: Essays
323:who maintain that an understanding of the
124: 1943–1993)
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29:
477:– (Univ. of Michigan Press, 2nd ed. 1949)
278:Nida has been a pioneer in the fields of
924:Linguistic Society of America presidents
683:Gene Nida: My husband and my inspiration
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458:Published works include the following:
297:was one of the major works of American
202:In 1937, Nida undertook studies at the
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505:The Theory and Practice of Translation
811:Teorie contemporanee della traduzione
760:Beijing: Teaching and Research Press.
758:A study of Nida’s translation theory.
214:and New Evangelical in his approach.
181:University of California, Los Angeles
91:University of California, Los Angeles
7:
813:. Milan: Bompiani. pp. 149–180.
347:misunderstanding of the translation.
240:In 1943, Nida began his career as a
530:– (Nelson, 1986, with Jan de Waard)
524:– (Stanford University Press, 1975)
611:Fox, Margalit (3 September 2011).
511:A Componential Analysis of Meaning
354:ability and in potential interest.
129:Dr. Elena Fernandez (1997 to 2011)
25:
671:, Morris Publishing, 2004, p. 100
564:Hebrew Old Testament Text Project
487:Customs, Culture and Christianity
401:of a translation to the receptor
204:University of Southern California
507:– (Brill, 1969, with C.R. Taber)
195:, a related organization to the
493:Toward a Science of Translating
197:Summer Institute of Linguistics
162:Eugene Albert Nida was born in
121:
799:The Translation Studies Reader
792:My Husband and my inspiration,
726:The Translation Studies Reader
306:Dynamic and formal equivalence
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889:American translation scholars
528:From One Language to Another
333:Principles of Correspondence
291:A Synopsis of English Syntax
308:." Nida also developed the
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874:Writers from Oklahoma City
842:The United Bible Societies
837:The American Bible Society
767:Brill Academic Publishers.
193:Wycliffe Bible Translators
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919:20th-century translators
737:Nida, Ed. Venuti. p. 153
536:– (UBS, 1988, with Louw)
499:Religion Across Cultures
289:His Ph.D. dissertation,
640:. February 1969, p. 26.
546:Fascinated by Languages
540:Contexts in Translating
489:– (Tyndale Press, 1963)
65:Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
852:Eugene Nida's obituary
268:Heriot-Watt University
257:United Bible Societies
246:American Bible Society
219:University of Michigan
95:University of Michigan
929:Translation theorists
763:Stine, Philip. 2005.
589:on September 29, 2011
463:Linguistic Interludes
310:componential analysis
208:Santa Ana, California
819:The Bible Translator
772:The Bible Translator
681:Nida, Elena (2014).
638:Bible Society Record
469:The Bible Translator
481:Message and Mission
422:translation studies
359:Equivalence (D-E).
152:translation studies
144:dynamic equivalence
857:2011-09-29 at the
794:Xulon Press, 2014.
655:2009-01-05 at the
617:The New York Times
280:translation theory
264:Honorary Doctorate
185:Tarahumara Indians
142:who developed the
884:Bible translators
756:Ma, H. J. 2003.
420:have proved that
374:to sentence, and
262:Nida received an
148:Bible translation
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559:Translation
440:locutionary
431:source text
399:conformance
370:to poetry,
325:source text
284:linguistics
868:Categories
789:Gene Nida:
744:References
711:2016-04-07
593:August 26,
212:ecumenical
146:theory of
101:Occupation
58:1914-11-11
416:Nida and
411:stylistic
270:in 1974.
244:with the
189:Chihuahua
179:from the
109:Spouse(s)
855:Archived
653:Archived
553:See also
403:language
392:receptor
372:sentence
352:decoding
314:bachelor
274:Theories
255:and the
242:linguist
226:Brussels
168:Oklahoma
140:linguist
104:Linguist
809:(ed.).
622:Mar 17,
407:culture
384:context
376:concept
253:Vatican
230:Belgium
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368:poetry
236:Career
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454:Works
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266:from
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595:2011
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